Treaty of Tlatelolco)

TLATELOLCO TREATY TEXT

TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (TREATY OF TLATELOLCO)

Opened for signature at Mexico City: 14 February That the incalculable destructive power of nuclear 1967. weapons has made it imperative that the legal prohi- Entered into force: For each Government individu- bition of war should be strictly observed in practice if ally. the survival of civilization and of mankind itself is to Depositary Government: Mexico. be assured, That nuclear weapons, whose terrible effects are suf- Preamble fered, indiscriminately and inexorably, by military forces and civilian population alike, constitute, In the name of their peoples and faithfully interpret- through the persistence of the radioactivity they re- ing their desires and aspirations, the Governments of lease, an attack on the integrity of the human species the States which sign the Treaty for the Prohibition of and ultimately may even render the whole earth un- Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, inhabitable, Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power, That general and complete disarmament under effec- towards ending the armaments race, especially in the tive international control is a vital matter which all field of nuclear weapons, and towards strengthening the peoples of the world equally demand, a world at peace, based on the sovereign equality of States, mutual respect and good neighbourliness, That the proliferation of nuclear weapons, which seems inevitable unless States, in the exercise of their Recalling that the United Nations General Assembly, sovereign rights, impose restrictions on themselves in in its Resolution 808 (IX), adopted unanimously as order to prevent it, would make any agreement on one of the three points of a coordinated programme disarmament enormously difficult and would increase of disarmament “the total prohibition of the use and the danger of the outbreak of a nuclear conflagration, manufacture of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction of every type,” That the establishment of militarily denuclearized zones is closely linked with the maintenance of peace Recalling that militarily denuclearized zones are not and security in the respective regions, an end in themselves but rather a means for achieving general and complete disarmament at a later stage, That the military denuclearization of vast geographical zones, adopted by the sovereign decision of the Recalling United Nations General Assembly Resolu- States comprised therein, will exercise a beneficial tion 1911 (XVIII), which established that the meas- influence on other regions where similar conditions ures that should be agreed upon for the denucleariza- exist, tion of Latin America should be taken “in the light of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations That the privileged situation of the signatory States, and of regional agreements,” whose territories are wholly free from nuclear weapons, imposes upon them the inescapable duty of pre- Recalling United Nations General Assembly Resolu- serving that situation both in their own interest and tion 2028 (XX), which established the principle of an for the good of mankind, acceptable balance of mutual responsibilities and duties for the nuclear and non-nuclear powers, and That the existence of nuclear weapons in any country of Latin America would make it a target for possible Recalling that the Charter of the Organization of nuclear attacks and would inevitably set off, through- American States proclaims that it is an essential pur- out the region, a ruinous race in nuclear weapons pose of the Organization to strengthen the peace and which would involve the unjustifiable diversion, for security of the hemisphere, warlike purposes, of the limited resources required Convinced: for economic and social development,

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That the foregoing reasons, together with the tradi- 2. The Contracting Parties also undertake to refrain tional peace-loving outlook of Latin America, give from engaging in, encouraging or authorizing, rise to an inescapable necessity that nuclear energy directly or indirectly, or in any way participating should be used in that region exclusively for peaceful in the testing, use, manufacture, production, pos- purposes, and that the Latin American countries session or control of any nuclear weapon. should use their right to the greatest and most equitable possible access to this new source of energy in Definition of the Contracting Parties order to expedite the economic and social develop- Article 2 ment of their peoples, For the purposes of this Treaty, the Contracting Par- Convinced finally: ties are those for whom the Treaty is in force. That the military denuclearization of Latin Amer- Definition of territory ica — being understood to mean the undertaking entered into internationally in this Treaty to keep their Article 3 territories forever free from nuclear weapons — will For the purposes of this Treaty, the term “territory” constitute a measure which will spare their peoples shall include the territorial sea, air space and any from the squandering of their limited resources on other space over which the State exercises sover- nuclear armaments and will protect them against pos- eignty in accordance with its own legislation. sible nuclear attacks on their territories, and will also constitute a significant contribution towards prevent- Zone of application ing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and a power- Article 4 ful factor for general and complete disarmament, and 1. The zone of application of this Treaty is the That Latin America, faithful to its tradition of univer- whole of the territories for which the Treaty is in sality, must not only endeavour to banish from its force. homelands the scourge of a nuclear war, but must 2. Upon fulfillment of the requirements of article also strive to promote the well-being and advance- 28, paragraph 1, the zone of application of this ment of its peoples, at the same time co-operating in Treaty shall also be that which is situated in the the fulfillment of the ideals of mankind, that is to say, western hemisphere within the following limits in the consolidation of a permanent peace based on (except the continental part of the territory of the equal rights, economic fairness and social justice for United States of America and its territorial wa- all, in accordance with the principles and purposes set ters): starting at a point located at 35° north lati- forth in the Charter of the United Nations and in the tude, 75° west longitude; from this point directly Charter of the Organization of American States. southward to a point at 30° north latitude, 75° Have agreed as follows: west longitude; from there, directly eastward to a point at 30° north latitude, 50° west longitude; from there, along a loxodromic line to a point at Obligations 5° north latitude, 20° west longitude; from there directly southward to a point 60° south latitude, Article 1 20° west longitude; from there, directly west- ward to a point at 60° south latitude, 115° west 1. The Contracting Parties hereby undertake to use longitude; from there, directly northward to a exclusively for peaceful purposes the nuclear point at 0 latitude, 115° west longitude; from material and facilities which are under their ju- there, along a loxodromic line to a point at 35° risdiction, and to prohibit and prevent in their re- north latitude, 150° west longitude; from there, spective territories: directly eastward to a point at 35° north latitude, (a) The testing, use, manufacture, production or 75° west longitude. acquisition by any means whatsoever of any nuclear weapons, by the Parties themselves, Definition of nuclear weapons directly or indirectly, on behalf of anyone Article 5 else or in any other way, and (b) The receipt, storage, installation, deploy- For the purposes of this Treaty, a nuclear weapon is ment and any form of possession of any nu- any device which is capable of releasing nuclear en- clear weapons, directly or indirectly, by the ergy in an uncontrolled manner and which has a Parties themselves, by anyone on their be- group of characteristics that are appropriate for use half or in any other way. for warlike purposes. An instrument that may be used

Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes TTlat-2 © Center for Nonproliferation Studies TLATELOLCO TREATY TEXT for the transport or propulsion of the device is not tracting Parties; it shall hold regular sessions included in this definition if it is separable from the every two years, and may also hold special ses- device and not an indivisible part thereof. sions whenever this Treaty so provides or, in the opinion of the Council, the circumstances so re- Meeting of signatories quire. Article 6 2. The General Conference: At the request of any of the signatory States or if the (a) May consider and decide on any matters or Agency established by article 7 should so decide, a questions covered by this Treaty, within the meeting of all the signatories may be convoked to limits thereof, including those referring to consider in common questions which may affect the powers and functions of any organ provided very essence of this instrument, including possible for in this Treaty. amendments to it. In either case, the meeting will be (b) Shall establish procedures for the control convoked by the General Secretary. system to ensure observance of this Treaty in accordance with its provisions. Organization (c) Shall elect the Members of the Council and Article 7 the General Secretary. 1. In order to ensure compliance with the obliga- (d) May remove the General Secretary from of- tions of this Treaty, the Contracting Parties fice if the proper functioning of the Agency hereby establish an international organization to so requires. be known as the “Agency for the Prohibition of (e) Shall receive and consider the biennial and Nuclear Weapons in Latin America,” hereinafter special reports submitted by the Council and referred to as “the Agency.” Only the Contract- the General Secretary. ing Parties shall be affected by its decisions. (f) Shall initiate and consider studies designed 2. The Agency shall be responsible for the holding to facilitate the optimum fulfillment of the of periodic or extraordinary consultations among aims of this Treaty, without prejudice to the Member States on matters relating to the pur- power of the General Secretary independ- poses, measures and procedures set forth in this ently to carry out similar studies for submis- Treaty and to the supervision of compliance with sion to and consideration by the Conference. the obligations arising therefrom. (g) Shall be the organ competent to authorize 3. The Contracting Parties agree to extend to the the conclusion of agreements with Govern- Agency full and prompt cooperation in accor- ments and other international organizations dance with the provisions of this Treaty, of any and bodies. agreements they may conclude with the Agency 3. The General Conference shall adopt the and of any agreements the Agency may conclude Agency’s budget and fix the scale of financial with any other international organization or contributions to be paid by Member States, tak- body. ing into account the systems and criteria used for 4. The headquarters of the Agency shall be in Mex- the same purpose by the United Nations. ico City. 4. The General Conference shall elect its officers for each session and may establish such subsidi- Organs ary organs as it deems necessary for the per- Article 8 formance of its functions. 5. Each Member of the Agency shall have one vote. 1. There are hereby established as principal organs The decisions of the General Conference shall be of the Agency a General Conference, a Council taken by a two-thirds majority of the Members and a Secretariat. present and voting in the case of matters relating 2. Such subsidiary organs as are considered neces- to the control system and measures referred to in sary by the General Conference may be estab- article 20, the admission of new Members, the lished within the purview of this Treaty. election or removal of the General Secretary, The General Conference adoption of the budget and matters related thereto. Decisions on other matters, as well as Article 9 procedural questions and also determination of 1. The General Conference, the supreme organ of which questions must be decided by a two-thirds the Agency, shall be composed of all the Con- majority, shall be taken by a simple majority of the Members present and voting.

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6. The General Conference shall adopt its own rules 2. The staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed by of procedure. the General Secretary, in accordance with rules laid down by the General Conference. The Council 3. In addition to the functions conferred upon him Article 10 by this Treaty and to those which may be assigned to him by the General Conference, the 1. The Council shall be composed of five Members General Secretary shall ensure, as provided by of the Agency elected by the General Conference article 10, paragraph 5, the proper operation of from among the Contracting Parties, due account the control system established by this Treaty, in being taken of equitable geographic distribution. accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and 2. The Members of the Council shall be elected for the decisions taken by the General Conference. a term of four years. However, in the first elec- 4. The General Secretary shall act in that capacity tion three will be elected for two years. Outgoing in all meetings of the General Conference and of Members may not be reelected for the following the Council and shall make an annual report to period unless the limited number of States for both bodies on the work of the Agency and any which the Treaty is in force so requires. special reports requested by the General Confer- 3. Each Member of the Council shall have one rep- ence or the Council or which the General Secre- resentative. tary may deem desirable. 4. The Council shall be so organized as to be able 5. The General Secretary shall establish the proce- to function continuously. dures for distributing to all Contracting Parties 5. In addition to the functions conferred upon it by information received by the Agency from gov- this Treaty and to those which may be assigned ernmental sources and such information from to it by the General Conference, the Council non-governmental sources as may be of interest shall, through the General Secretary, ensure the to the Agency. proper operation of the control system in accor- 6. In the performance of their duties the General dance with the provisions of this Treaty and with Secretary and the staff shall not seek or receive the decisions adopted by the General Confer- instructions from any Government or from any ence. other authority external to the Agency and shall 6. The Council shall submit an annual report on its refrain from any action which might reflect on work to the General Conference as well as such their position as international officials responsi- special reports as it deems necessary or which ble only to the Agency; subject to their responsi- the General Conference requests of it. bility to the Agency, they shall not disclose any 7. The Council shall elect its officers for each ses- industrial secrets or other confidential informa- sion. tion coming to their knowledge by reason of 8. The decisions of the Council shall be taken by a their official duties in the Agency. simple majority of its Members present and vot- 7. Each of the Contracting Parties undertakes to ing. respect the exclusively international character of 9. The Council shall adopt its own rules of proce- the responsibilities of the General Secretary and dure. the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities. The Secretariat Article 11 Control system Article 12 1. The Secretariat shall consist of a General Secre- tary, who shall be the chief administrative officer 1. For the purpose of verifying compliance with the of the Agency, and of such staff as the Agency obligations entered into by the Contracting Par- may require. The term of office of the General ties in accordance with article 1, a control system Secretary shall be four years and he may be re- shall be established which shall be put into effect elected for a single additional term. The General in accordance with the provisions of articles 13- Secretary may not be a national of the country in 18 of this Treaty. which the Agency has its headquarters. In case 2. The control system shall be used in particular for the office of General Secretary becomes vacant, the purpose of verifying: a new election shall be held to fill the office for (a) That devices, services and facilities intended the remainder of the term. for peaceful uses of nuclear energy are not

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used in the testing or manufacture of nuclear The Contracting Parties undertake to co-operate weapons, promptly and fully with the General Secretary. (b) That none of the activities prohibited in arti- 2. The General Secretary shall inform the Council cle 1 of this Treaty are carried out in the ter- and the Contracting Parties forthwith of such re- ritory of the Contracting Parties with nuclear quests and of the respective replies. materials or weapons introduced from abroad, and Special inspections (c) That explosions for peaceful purposes are Article 16 compatible with article 18 of this Treaty. 1. The International Atomic Energy Agency and IAEA safeguards the Council established by this Treaty have the Article 13 power of carrying out special inspections in the following cases: Each Contracting Party shall negotiate multilateral or (a) In the case of the International Atomic En- bilateral agreements with the International Atomic ergy Agency, in accordance with the agree- Energy Agency for the application of its safeguards ments referred to in article 13 of this Treaty; to its nuclear activities. Each Contracting Party shall (b) In the case of the Council: initiate negotiations within a period of 180 days after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification (i) When so requested, the reasons for the of this Treaty. These agreements shall enter into request being stated, by any Party which force, for each Party, not later than eighteen months suspects that some activity prohibited after the date of the initiation of such negotiations by this Treaty has been carried out or is except in case of unforeseen circumstances or force about to be carried out, either in the ter- majeure. ritory of any other Party or in any other place on such latter Partys behalf, the Reports of the Parties Council shall immediately arrange for Article 14 such an inspection in accordance with article 10, paragraph 5. 1. The Contracting Parties shall submit to the (ii) When requested by any Party which has Agency and to the International Atomic Energy been suspected of or charged with hav- Agency, for their information, semi-annual re- ing violated this Treaty, the Council ports stating that no activity prohibited under this shall immediately arrange for the spe- Treaty has occurred in their respective territories. cial inspection requested in accordance 2. The Contracting Parties shall simultaneously with article 10, paragraph 5. The above transmit to the Agency a copy of any report they requests will be made to the Council may submit to the International Atomic Energy through the General Secretary. Agency which relates to matters that are the sub- 2. The costs and expenses of any special inspection ject of this Treaty and to the application of safe- carried out under paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b), guards. sections (i) and (ii) of this article shall be borne 3. The Contracting Parties shall also transmit to the by the requesting Party or Parties, except where Organization of American States, for its informa- the Council concludes on the basis of the report tion, any reports that may be of interest to it, in on the special inspection that, in view of the cir- accordance with the obligations established by cumstances existing in the case, such costs and the Inter-American System. expenses should be borne by the agency. 3. The General Conference shall formulate the pro- Special reports requested by the General cedures for the organization and execution of the Secretary special inspections carried out in accordance Article 15 with paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b), sections (i) and (ii) of this article. 1. With the authorization of the Council, the Gen- 4. The Contracting Parties undertake to grant the eral Secretary may request any of the Contract- inspectors carrying out such special inspections ing Parties to provide the Agency with comple- full and free access to all places and all informa- mentary or supplementary information regarding tion which may be necessary for the performance any event or circumstance connected with com- of their duties and which are directly and inti- pliance with this Treaty, explaining his reasons. mately connected with the suspicion of violation

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of this Treaty. If so requested by the authorities Atomic Energy Agency, as far in advance as the of the Contracting Party in whose territory the circumstances require, of the date of the explo- inspection is carried out, the inspectors desig- sion and shall at the same time provide the fol- nated by the General Conference shall be ac- lowing information: companied by representatives of said authorities, (a) The nature of the nuclear device and the provided that this does not in any way delay or source from which it was obtained, hinder the work of the inspectors. (b) The place and purpose of the planned explo- 5. The Council shall immediately transmit to all the sion, Parties, through the General Secretary, a copy of (c) The procedures which will be followed in any report resulting from special inspections. order to comply with paragraph 3 of this ar- 6. Similarly, the Council shall send through the ticle, General Secretary to the Secretary-General of the (d) The expected force of the device, and United Nations, for transmission to the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly, (e) The fullest possible information on any pos- and to the Council of the Organization of Ameri- sible radioactive fall-out that may result can States, for its information, a copy of any re- from the explosion or explosions, and meas- port resulting from any special inspection carried ures which will be taken to avoid danger to out in accordance with paragraph 1, sub- the population, flora, fauna and territories of paragraph (b), sections (i) and (ii) of this article. any other Party or Parties. 7. The Council may decide, or any Contracting 3. The General Secretary and the technical person- Party may request, the convening of a special nel designated by the Council and the Interna- session of the General Conference for the pur- tional Atomic Energy Agency may observe all pose of considering the reports resulting from the preparations, including the explosion of the any special inspection. In such a case, the Gen- device, and shall have unrestricted access to any eral Secretary shall take immediate steps to con- area in the vicinity of the site of the explosion in vene the special session requested. order to ascertain whether the device and the procedures followed during the explosion are in 8. The General Conference, convened in special conformity with the information supplied under session under this article, may make recommen- paragraph 2 of this article and the other provi- dations to the Contracting Parties and submit re- sions of this Treaty. ports to the Secretary-General of the United Na- tions to be transmitted to the United Nations Se- 4. The Contracting Parties may accept the collabo- curity Council and the General Assembly. Use of ration of third parties for the purposes set forth in nuclear energy for peaceful purposes paragraph 1 of the present article, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 thereof. Article 17 Relations with other international Nothing in the provisions of this Treaty shall preju- organizations dice the rights of the Contracting Parties, in confor- Article 19 mity with this Treaty, to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, in particular for their economic 1. The Agency may conclude such agreements with development and social progress. the International Atomic Energy Agency as are authorized by the General Conference and as it Explosions for peaceful purposes considers likely to facilitate the efficient opera- Article 18 tion of the control system established by this Treaty. 1. The Contracting Parties may carry out explosions of nuclear devices for peaceful purposes — 2. The Agency may also enter into relations with including explosions which involve devices any international organization or body, espe- similar to those used in nuclear weapons — or cially any which may be established in the future collaborate with third parties for the same pur- to supervise disarmament or measures for the pose, provided that they do so in accordance with control of armaments in any part of the world. the provisions of this article and the other articles 3. The Contracting Parties may, if they see fit, re- of the Treaty, particularly articles 1 and 5. quest the advice of the Inter-American Nuclear 2. Contracting Parties intending to carry out, or to Energy Commission on all technical matters cooperate in carrying out, such an explosion connected with the application of this Treaty shall notify the Agency and the International

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with which the Commission is competent to deal Notification of other agreements under its Statute. Article 23 Measures in the event of violation of the Once this Treaty has entered into force, the Secre- Treaty tariat shall be notified immediately of any interna- Article 20 tional agreement concluded by any of the Contracting Parties on matters with which this Treaty is con- 1. The General Conference shall take note of all cerned; the Secretariat shall register it and notify the cases in which, in its opinion, any Contracting other Contracting Parties. Party is not complying fully with its obligations under this Treaty and shall draw the matter to the Settlement of disputes attention of the Party concerned, making such Article 24 recommendations as it deems appropriate. Unless the Parties concerned agree on another mode 2. If, in its opinion, such non-compliance consti- of peaceful settlement, any question or dispute con- tutes a violation of this Treaty which might en- cerning the interpretation or application of this Treaty danger peace and security, the General Confer- which is not settled shall be referred to the Interna- ence shall report thereon simultaneously to the tional Court of Justice with the prior consent of the United Nations Security Council and the General Parties to the controversy. Assembly through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and to the Council of the Or- Signature ganization of American States. The General Con- ference shall likewise report to the International Article 25 Atomic Energy Agency for such purposes as are 1. This Treaty shall be open indefinitely for signa- relevant in accordance with its Statute. ture by: United Nations and Organization of (a) All the Latin American Republics, and American States (b) All other sovereign States situated in their entirety south of latitude 35o north in the Article 21 western hemisphere; and, except as provided None of the provisions of this Treaty shall be con- in paragraph 2 of this article, all such States strued as impairing the rights and obligations of the which become sovereign, when they have Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or, in been admitted by the General Conference. the case of States Members of the Organization of 2. The General Conference shall not take any deci- American States, under existing regional treaties. sion regarding the admission of a political entity part or all of whose territory is the subject, prior Privileges and immunities to the date when this Treaty is opened for signa- Article 22 ture, of a dispute or claim between an extra- continental country and one or more Latin 1. The Agency shall enjoy in the territory of each of American States, so long as the dispute has not the Contracting Parties such legal capacity and been settled by peaceful means. such privileges and immunities as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the ful- Ratification and deposit fillment of its purposes. Article 26 2. Representatives of the Contracting Parties ac- credited to the Agency and officials of the 1. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by Agency shall similarly enjoy such privileges and signatory States in accordance with their respec- immunities as are necessary for the performance tive constitutional procedures. of their functions. 2. This Treaty and the instruments of ratification 3. The Agency may conclude agreements with the shall be deposited with the Government of the Contracting Parties with a view to determining Mexican United States, which is hereby desig- the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and nated the Depositary Government. 2 of this article. 3. The Depositary Government shall send certified copies of this Treaty to the Governments of signatory States and shall notify them of the deposit of each instrument of ratification.

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Reservations those countries which have ratified it without Article 27 waiving requirements of paragraph 1, sub- paragraph (c) of this article, and which request This Treaty shall not be subject to reservations. such suspension; the Treaty shall remain sus- pended until the new power, on its own initiative Entry into force or upon request by the General Conference, rati- Article 28 fies the annexed Additional Protocol II. 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Amendments article, this Treaty shall enter into force among Article 29 the States that have ratified it as soon as the following requirements have been met: 1. Any Contracting Party may propose amendments (a) Deposit of the instruments of ratification of to this Treaty and shall submit its proposals to this Treaty with the Depositary Government the Council through the General Secretary, who by the Governments of the States mentioned shall transmit them to all the other Contracting in article 25 which are in existence on the Parties and, in addition, to all other signatories in date when this Treaty is opened for signa- accordance with article 6. The Council, through ture and which are not affected by the provi- the General Secretary, shall immediately follow- sions of article 25, paragraph 2; ing the meeting of signatories convene a special (b) Signature and ratification of Additional Pro- session of the General Conference to examine tocol I annexed to this Treaty by all extra- the proposals made, for the adoption of which a continental or continental States having de two-thirds majority of the Contracting Parties jure or de facto international responsibility present and voting shall be required. for territories situated in the zone of applica- 2. Amendments adopted shall enter into force as tion of the Treaty; soon as the requirements set forth in article 28 of (c) Signature and ratification of the Additional this Treaty have been complied with. Protocol II annexed to this Treaty by all powers possessing nuclear weapons; Duration and denunciation (d) Conclusion of bilateral or multilateral Article 30 agreements on the application of Safeguards 1. This Treaty shall be of a permanent nature and System of the International Atomic Energy shall remain in force indefinitely, but any Party Agency in accordance with article 13 of this may denounce it by notifying the General Secre- Treaty. tary of the Agency if, in the opinion of the de- 2. All signatory States shall have the imprescripti- nouncing State, there have arisen or may arise ble right to waive, wholly or in part, the re- circumstances connected with the content of this quirements laid down in the preceding para- Treaty or of the annexed Additional Protocols I graph. They may do so by means of a declaration and II which affect its supreme interests or the which shall be annexed to their respective in- peace and security of one or more Contracting strument of ratification and which may be formu- Parties. lated at the time of deposit of the instrument or 2. The denunciation shall take effect three months subsequently. For those States which exercise after the delivery to the General Secretary of the this right, this Treaty shall enter into force upon Agency of the notification by the Government of deposit of the declaration, or as soon as those re- the signatory State concerned. The General Sec- quirements have been met which have not been retary shall immediately communicate such noti- expressly waived. fication to the other Contracting Parties and to 3. As soon as this Treaty has entered into force in the Secretary-General of the United Nations for accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 the information of the United Nations Security for eleven States, the Depositary Government Council and the General Assembly. He shall also shall convene a preliminary meeting of those communicate it to the Secretary-General of the States in order that the Agency may be set up Organization of American States. and commence its work. 4. After the entry into force of this Treaty for all the countries of the zone, the rise of a new power possessing nuclear weapons shall have the effect of suspending the execution of this Treaty for

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Authentic texts and registration Have agreed as follows: Article 31 Article 1 This Treaty, of which the Spanish, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese and Russian texts are equally To undertake to apply the statute of denuclearization authentic, shall be registered by the Depositary Gov- in respect of warlike purposes as defined in articles 1, ernment in accordance with article 102 of the United 3, 5 and 13 of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nu- Nations Charter. The Depositary Government shall clear Weapons in Latin America in territories for notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of which, de jure or de facto, they are internationally the signatures, ratification and amendments relating responsible and which lie within the limits of the to this Treaty and shall communicate them to the geographical zone established in that Treaty. Secretary-General of the Organization of American Article 2 States for its information. The duration of this Protocol shall be the same as that Transitional Article of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons Denunciation of the declaration referred to article 28, in Latin America of which this Protocol is an annex, paragraph 2, shall be subject to the same procedures and the provisions regarding ratification and denun- as the denunciation of this Treaty, except that it will ciation contained in the Treaty shall be applicable to take effect on the date of delivery of the respective it. notification. Article 3 IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipo- tentiaries, having deposited their full powers, found This Protocol shall enter into force, for the States in good and due form, sign this Treaty on behalf of which have ratified it, on the date of the deposit of their respective Governments. their respective instruments of ratification. DONE at Mexico, Distrito Federal, on the Fourteenth IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipo- day of February, one thousand nine hundred and tentiaries, having deposited their full powers, found sixty-seven. in good and due form, sign this Protocol on behalf of their respective Governments. ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL I ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers by their respective Governments, The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers by their respective Governments, Convinced that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nu- clear Weapons in Latin America, negotiated and Convinced that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nu- signed in accordance with the recommendations of clear Weapons in Latin America, negotiated and the General Assembly of the United Nations in Reso- signed in accordance with the recommendations of lution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963, represents the General Assembly of the United Nations in Reso- an important step towards ensuring the non- lution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963, represents proliferation of nuclear weapons, an important step towards ensuring the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, Aware that the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is not an end in itself but, rather, a means of achiev- Aware that the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons ing general and complete disarmament at a later is not an end in itself but, rather, a means of achiev- stage, and ing general and complete disarmament at a later stage, and Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power, towards ending the armaments race, especially in the Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power, field of nuclear weapons, and towards strengthening towards ending the armaments race, especially in the a world at peace, based on mutual respect and sover- field of nuclear weapons, and towards promoting and eign equality of States, strengthening a world at peace, based on mutual respect and sovereign equality of States,

Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes TTlat-9 © Center for Nonproliferation Studies TLATELOLCO TREATY TEXT

Have agreed as follows: Article 25, paragraph 2, of the Treaty should be replaced by the following text: Article 1 “The status of State Party to the Treaty of Tlatelolco The statute of denuclearization of Latin America in shall be restricted to the independent States within respect or warlike purposes, as defined, delimited and the zone of application of the Treaty, in accordance set forth in the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear with article 4 thereof and with paragraph 1 of this Weapons in Latin America of which this instrument article, which on 10 December 1985 were Members is an annex, shall be fully respected by the Parties to of the United Nations, and to the Non-Self- this Protocol in all its express aims and provisions. Governing Territories specified in document OEA/CER.P.AG/doc.1939/85 of 5 November 1985, Article 2 when they attain their independence.” The Governments represented by the undersigned Amendments to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nu- Plenipotentiaries undertake, therefore, not to contrib- clear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean ute in any way to the performance of acts involving a pursuant to resolution 290 (VII)* violation of the obligations of article 1 of the Treaty in the territories to which the Treaty applies in accor- (* Resolution 290 (VII) was adopted by the General dance with article 4 thereof. Conference of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nu- clear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean at Article 3 Mexico City on 26 August 1992. ) The Governments represented by the undersigned Article 14 Plenipotentiaries also undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against the Contracting Par- 2. The Contracting Parties shall simultaneously ties of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear forward to the Agency copies of the reports Weapons in Latin America. submitted to the International Atomic Energy Agency with regard to matters that are subject of Article 4 this Treaty that are relevant to the work of the Agency. The duration of this Protocol shall be the same as that 3. The information furnished by the Contracting of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons Parties cannot be, totally or partially, disclosed in Latin America of which this Protocol is an annex, or transmitted to third parties, by the recipients and the definitions of territory and nuclear weapons of the reports, except when the Contracting Par- set forth in articles 3 and 5 of the Treaty shall be ap- ties give their express consent. plicable to this Protocol, as well as the provisions regarding ratification, reservations, denunciation, Article 15 authentic texts and registration contained in articles 26, 27, 30 and 31 of the Treaty. 1. At the request of any of the Parties and with the authorization of the Council, the General Secre- Article 5 tary may request any of the Contracting Parties to provide the Agency with complementary or This Protocol shall enter into force, for the States supplementary information regarding any ex- which have ratified it, on the date of the deposit of traordinary event or circumstance which may af- their respective instruments of ratification. fect compliance with this Treaty, explaining his IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipo- reasons. The Contracting Parties undertake to tentiaries, having deposited their full powers, found cooperate promptly and fully with the General in good and due form, sign this Additional Protocol Secretary. on behalf of their respective Governments. 2. The General Secretary shall immediately inform the Council and the Contracting Parties of such Amendment to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nu- requests and the respective replies. clear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean pursuant to resolution 268 (XII)* Current article 16 shall be replaced by the following text: (* Resolution 268 (XII) was adopted by the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin Article 16 America and the Caribbean at Mexico City on 10 May 1991.) 1. The International Atomic Energy Agency has the power of carrying out special inspections, subject

Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes TTlat-10 © Center for Nonproliferation Studies TLATELOLCO TREATY TEXT

to article 12 and to the agreements referred to in article 13 of this Treaty. 2. At the request of any of the Contracting Parties in accordance with the procedures established in article 15 of this Treaty, the Council shall submit for consideration by the International Atomic Energy Agency a request that the necessary mechanisms be put into operation to carry out a special inspection. 3. The General Secretary shall request the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency opportunely to transmit to him the information forwarded for the knowledge of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency with regard to the conclusion of the special inspection. The General Secretary shall promptly make this information known to the Council. 4. The Council, through the General Secretary, shall transmit said information to all the Con- tracting Parties. Article 19 The Agency may conclude such agreements with the International Atomic Energy Agency as are authorized by the General Conference and as it considers likely to facilitate the efficient operation of the control system established in the present Treaty. And the remaining articles, from article 20 onwards, shall be renumbered: Article 20 1. The Agency may also enter into relations with any international organization or body, especially any which may be established in the future to supervise disarmament or measures for the control of armaments in any part of the world. 2. The Contracting Parties may, if they see fit, request the advice of the Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission on all technical matters connected with the application of this Treaty with which the Commission is competent to deal under its Statute.