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Ag/Res. 2377 (Xxxviii-O/08) Consolidation of the Regime
AG/RES. 2377 (XXXVIII-O/08) CONSOLIDATION OF THE REGIME ESTABLISHED IN THE TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (TREATY OF TLATELOLCO) (Adopted at the fourth plenary session, held on June 3, 2008) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, HAVING SEEN the Annual Report of the Permanent Council to the General Assembly (AG/doc.4820/08), in particular the section on the Committee on Hemispheric Security; RECALLING its previous resolutions on this topic, especially resolutions AG/RES. 1499 (XXVII-O/97), AG/RES. 1571 (XXVIII-O/98), AG/RES. 1622 (XXIX-O/99), AG/RES. 1748 (XXX-O/00), AG/RES. 1798 (XXXI-O/01), AG/RES. 1903 (XXXII-O/02), AG/RES. 1937 (XXXIII-O/03), AG/RES. 2009 (XXXIV-O/04), AG/RES. 2104 (XXXV-O/05), AG/RES. 2245 (XXXVI-O/06), and AG/RES. 2298 (XXXVII-O/07); BEARING IN MIND the statement issued by the states of the Hemisphere in the Declaration on Security in the Americas in which they affirmed that the establishment of the first nuclear-weapon-free zone in a densely populated area through the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco) and the protocols thereto constitutes a substantial contribution to international peace, security, and stability; BEARING IN MIND ALSO that the commemoration of the 41st anniversary of the adoption and opening for signature of the Treaty of Tlatelolco was held in Mexico City on February 14, 2008; REAFFIRMING that the consolidation of the nuclear-weapon-free zone set forth in the Treaty of Tlatelolco constitutes a -
Ag/Res. 1499 (Xxvii-O/97) Consolidation of the Regime
AG/RES. 1499 (XXVII-O/97) CONSOLIDATION OF THE REGIME ESTABLISHED IN THE TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (Adopted at the seventh plenary session, held on June 5, 1997) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, RECALLING resolution AG/RES. 1414 (XXVI-O/96) on the importance of achieving full consolidation of the regime established in the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco), within the framework of cooperation for security in the Hemisphere and regional contributions to global security; RECOGNIZING: That the creation of nuclear-weapon-free zones is an important step toward disarmament, which significantly strengthens all aspects of the international nonproliferation regime; That the Treaty of Tlatelolco is a momentous contribution to international law and to the ceaseless efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and guarantee international peace and security; and That the Treaty of Tlatelolco has become the model for the establishment of other nuclear-weapon-free zones in various regions of the world, such as the South Pacific (Treaty of Rarotonga), Southeast Asia (Treaty of Bangkok), and Africa (Treaty of Pelindaba), which, when they enter into force, will cover more than half the countries of the world and all of the Southern Hemisphere; POINTING TO the success of the pioneering effort made by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean to achieve the first populated nuclear-weapon-free zone, an undertaking which involves -
NARCOTIC DRUGS Honduras Somalia * Hong Kong 12 * South Africa 2 Hungary 2 Spain Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961
476 TREATIES IN FORCE 2006 Grenada 7 Senegal Guatemala Serbia and Montenegro Guinea * Seychelles 7 N Guinea-Bissau Singapore Guyana * Slovak Republic 2 Haiti Holy See Solomon Islands * NARCOTIC DRUGS Honduras Somalia * Hong Kong 12 * South Africa 2 Hungary 2 Spain Single convention on narcotic drugs, 1961. Iceland Sri Lanka Done at New York March 30, 1961; entered India 26 Sudan into force December 13, 1964; for the United Indonesia 2 Suriname States June 24, 1967.1 Iran Sweden 18 UST 1407; TIAS 6298; 520 UNTS 204. Iraq Switzerland Ireland Syrian Arab Republic Israel 6 Protocol amending the single convention on Thailand narcotic drugs, 1961. Done at Geneva March Italy Togo 25, 1972; entered into force August 8, 1975. Jamaica 26 UST 1439; TIAS 8118; 976 UNTS 3. Japan Tonga States which are parties: Jordan Trinidad and Tobago Afghanistan * Kazakhstan Tunisia Algeria 2 Kenya Turkey Angola Kiribati 7 Turkmenistan * Antigua and Barbuda Korea Tuvalu 7 Argentina 23 Kuwait Uganda 4 Kyrgyz Republic * Australia Ukraine 2 Austria 5 Laos * Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 215* Azerbaijan * Latvia 16 Bahamas, The Lebanon United Kingdom 17 Bangladesh 2 Lesotho United States Barbados Liberia * Uruguay Belarus 2 Libya Venezuela Belgium 6 Liechtenstein Viet-Nam 18 Belize 7 Lithuania * Yugoslavia 619 Benin Luxembourg Zambia 12 Botswana Macao * Zimbabwe * Brazil 6 Macedonia Brunei Madagascar NOTES: Bulgaria Malawi Burkina Faso * Malaysia * Not party to the 1972 protocol. Burma 2 Mali 1 The single convention on narcotic drugs Cambodia * Marshall Islands * replaced as between the contracting parties the Cameroon Mauritius following conventions to which the United Canada 6 Mexico 6 States is a party: Chad * Micronesia * (a) Convention of January 23, 1912 relat- Chile Moldova ing to the suppression of the abuse of China (Taiwan) 28 Monaco opium and other drugs (38 Stat. -
A/RES/55/39 General Assembly
United Nations A/RES/55/39 Distr.: General General Assembly 5 January 2001 Fifty-fifth session Agenda item 79 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the First Committee (A/55/565)] 55/39. Consolidation of the regime established by the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco) The General Assembly, Recalling that, in its resolution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963, it expressed the hope that the States of Latin America would take appropriate measures to conclude a treaty that would prohibit nuclear weapons in Latin America, Recalling also that, in the same resolution, it voiced its confidence that, once such a treaty was concluded, all States, and in particular the nuclear-weapon States, would lend it their full cooperation for the effective realization of its peaceful aims, Considering that, in its resolution 2028 (XX) of 19 November 1965, it established the principle of an acceptable balance of mutual responsibilities and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and those that do not possess such weapons, Recalling that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)1 was opened for signature at Mexico City on 14 February 1967, Noting with satisfaction the holding on 14 February 1997 of the eleventh special session of the General Conference of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean in commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the opening for -
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (Eccb) Agency for The
OPANAL Official language: English. Headquarters: Morne Fortune, PO Box 179, Castries, St Lucia. Website: http://www.oecs.org e-mail: [email protected] Director-General (acting): George Goodwin Jr (Antigua and Barbuda). EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECCB) The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank was established in 1983, replacing the East Caribbean Currency Authority (ECCA). According to its Articles of Agreement, its purpose is to regulate the availability of money and credit; to promote and maintain monetary stability; to promote credit and exchange conditions and a sound financial structure conducive to the balanced growth and development of the economies of the territories of the participating Governments; and to actively promote, through means consistent with its other objectives, the economic development of the territories of the participating Governments. Members: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines. Official language: English. Headquarters: PO Box 89, Bird Rock, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis. Website: http://www.eccb-centralbank.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Governor: Sir Dwight Venner (St Vincent and the Grenadines). AGENCY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (OPANAL) The Agency (Organismo para la Proscripción de las Armas Nucleares en la América Latina y el Caribe) was established following the Cuban missile crisis to guarantee implementation of the world’s first Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (NWFZ) in the region. Created by the Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967), OPANAL is an inter-governmental agency responsible for ensuring that the requirements of the Treaty are enforced. OPANAL has played a major role in establishing other NWFZs throughout the world. -
Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)
TREATY OF TLATELOLCO TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (TREATY OF TLATELOLCO) Opened for Signature: 14 February 1967. of any nuclear weapons, directly or indirectly, by the Entered into Force: 25 April 1969. Parties themselves, by anyone on their behalf, or in any other way. The Parties also undertake to refrain Number of Signatories: 33 States. from engaging in encouraging or authorizing, directly Number of Ratifications: 33 States. or indirectly, or in any way participating in the test- Duration: The Treaty is of a permanent nature and ing, use, manufacture, production, possession, or shall remain in force indefinitely. control of any nuclear weapons. Treaty Zone: The Treaty covers the region and large Treaty Text sectors of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Verification and Compliance: Verification: Verifi- On 23 October 2002, the Tlatelolco Treaty came into cation is accomplished by concluding multilateral or full force throughout the region when Cuba, which bilateral agreements with the International Atomic was the only State that had not ratified the Treaty, Energy Agency (IAEA) for the application of its deposited its instrument of ratification. Now all 33 safeguards to nuclear activities of States Parties to the States in the region of Latin America and the Carib- Treaty. In addition, the Agency for the Prohibition of bean have signed and ratified the Treaty. The Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Carib- Tlatelolco Treaty has served as a model for all future bean (OPANAL) is an inter-governmental agency nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) agreements. created by the Treaty of Tlatelolco to ensure that the Background: Costa Rica was the first regional State obligations of the Treaty are met. -
Speech at the OPANAL Meeting Mexico City, Mexico September 10, 2009
Speech at OPANAL meeting Mexico City, Mexico September 10, 2009 Speech at the OPANAL meeting Mexico City, Mexico September 10, 2009 Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba The City of Hiroshima In 2005, I was invited to serve as the voice of civil society at the First Conference of Nuclear Weapon Free Zones, which was held in Mexico City, so this is my second visit to this beautiful and grand city. It was a great honor, and I know some of you were present for the Opening Ceremony. Tomorrow, Friday, I have the honor of giving the “Call to Action” at the Closing Ceremony of the Annual UN DPI/NGO Conference “For Peace and Development---Disarm Now!” I do not need to tell you about the pivotal role the Mexican Foreign Ministry has played in both of these meetings; but I do need to thank them for allowing me to play a small part in each. These meetings I mentioned were convened with an eye on upcoming NPT Review Conferences. And the Second Conference of Nuclear Weapon Free Zones will be held in New York just before the 2010 Review Conference. The 2005 Review Conference, as you well know, and I would like to put it bluntly, was a complete failure. The Obama Administration has changed the disarmament climate, and almost the entire world is now determined to prevent another failure in 2010, but unfortunately we have inherited a poisonous double standard. India, not an adherent to the NPT and an open proliferator since 1998, for example, gets more lenient trade terms than many faithful adherents of the NPT states parties; in the Middle East, Israel, another non-adherent, is under virtually no pressure to open up its nuclear program, while Iran is under sanctions ostensibly for violations committed nearly a decade ago. -
National Statement of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas on the Occasion of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons 2Nd October, 2020
National Statement of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas on the Occasion of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons 2nd October, 2020 Mr. President, The Bahamas welcomes the opportunity to stand by the international community, including non-government organisations and Civil Society, in its unwavering support for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. As a country party to the first-ever nuclear-weapon-free zone, through the Treaty of Tlatelolco, along with the commitment of the Latin American and Caribbean States to “the Strategic Agenda of the Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” (OPANAL) and their declaration – through the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) – of the Americas and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, The Bahamas has a clear and consistent record of robust engagement towards nuclear disarmament. Reflecting on the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations during such unprecedented times, it is important now, more than ever, that we attach renewed vigour to our commitments to peace and security. Put simply: there is no guarantee of peace and security without full nuclear disarmament. As such, The Bahamas lends it voice to others in its call for States to adhere to, and advance, international commitments, including humanitarian commitments, on nuclear disarmament. In this regard, The Bahamas welcomes recent ratifications to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and is proud to note the widespread membership within CARICOM and Small Island Developing States, including the recent ratifications of St. Kitts and Nevis and Niue in August 2020. While The Bahamas has yet to sign on the Treaty, please be assured that it is under active review to ensure that once in a position to ratify, mechanisms will be in place for full and immediate compliance with Treaty obligations. -
Ag/Res. 1355 (Xxv-O/95) Consolidation of the Regime
AG/RES. 1355 (XXV-O/95) CONSOLIDATION OF THE REGIME ESTABLISHED BY THE TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (Resolution adopted at the ninth plenary session, held on June 9, 1995) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, RECALLING resolution AG/RES. 1283 (XXIV-O/94) on the importance of achieving the full consolidation of the regime established in the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco), within the framework of cooperation for security in the Hemisphere and regional contributions to global security; RECOGNIZING that the creation of nuclear-free zones is an important step toward disarmament, which significantly strengthens the international regime of nonproliferation in all its aspects; STRESSING the successful efforts of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean to achieve the first populated nuclear-weapon-free zone and, moreover, that this effort involves all nuclear-weapon states and all countries in the Hemisphere and elsewhere that de jure or de facto are internationally responsible for territories located within the zone of application of the Treaty; and BEARING IN MIND: That since the adoption of the last resolution on this matter by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States: On November 9, 1994, Belize ratified the Treaty and submitted the Statement of Waiver applicable to Article 28, paragraph 1; On January 16, 1995, Guyana signed and ratified the Treaty; On March 25, 1995, Cuba signed the Treaty; On April 18, 1995, St. Kitts and Nevis ratified the Treaty;and On June 2, 1995, Saint Lucia ratified the Treaty; and That the Treaty of Tlatelolco is thus already in force for 30 sovereign states of the region, RESOLVES: To welcome the specific measures taken by a number of countries for consolidation of the regime of military denuclearization established by the Treaty of Tlatelolco. -
The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons As Jus Cogens
CMT 4 - THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS - NORMILE (DO NOT DELETE) 10/22/2019 4:56 PM The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as Jus Cogens Gaela Normile* ABSTRACT As a result of the Manhattan Project, a secret nuclear weapons program in 1946, the United States became the first nation in the world to secure a nuclear weapon. Although the United States’ nuclear weapon resulted in an international desire to attain similar capabilities, the leading scientists of the Manhattan Project released a somber statement that first reflected the destructive nature of nuclear weapons. The Manhattan Project scientists warned that a “grave danger lies ahead” if the issues associated with the weapon were not “carefully analyzed and discussed with competent authorities.” The statement released by the Manhattan Project scientists was the first express statement made about the dangers that accompany nuclear weapons and, incidentally, nuclear proliferation. The scientists’ grave prediction came to fruition one month later, when two nuclear bombs killed over 250,000 Japanese civilians in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. After the World War II nuclear bombings, the Soviet Union secured a nuclear weapon followed by the United Kingdom, France, and China. Fearing further proliferation and possible catastrophic results if the nuclear bomb fell into the wrong hands, the international community began to heed to the Manhattan Project scientists’ warnings by carefully analyzing and discussing nuclear non-proliferation. International discussions led to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1970. Currently, the NPT is the largest binding arms and limitation agreement as 191 out of 193 States are party to the treaty. -
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 63Rd General Conference
OPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean Secretariat Inf.17/2019 Original: español/english Check against delivery International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 63rd General Conference Statement of Ambassador Eric Anderson Machado Coordinator of the Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) at the International Atomic Energy Agency and Permanent Representative of the Republic of Peru to the IAEA and other International Organizations in Vienna on behalf of Ambassador Luiz Filipe de Macedo Soares Secretary General of OPANAL September 2019 Vienna, Austria Inf.17/2019 Mr. /Ms. President: As co-ordinator of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) at the International Atomic Energy Agency, and on behalf of the Secretary-General of OPANAL, Ambassador Luiz Filipe de Macedo Soares, I express to you my warm congratulations for being elected to conduct the 63rd session of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Mr. / Ms. President: OPANAL is the only intergovernmental organization devoted exclusively to disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Treaty of Tlatelolco, which opened for signature on 14 February 1967, was signed and ratified by the 33 countries of the region and established Latin America and the Caribbean as a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. Through its three primary bodies - the General Conference, the Council and the Secretariat - OPANAL is a political and intergovernmental forum where States Party carry out consultations on the purposes, measures and procedures set forth in the Treaty. -
THE TREATY of TLATELOLCO and the AGENCY for the PROHIBITION of NUCLEAR WEAPONS in LATIN AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN
AGENCY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE TREATY OF TLATELOLCO and the AGENCY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: EFFICACY CONSOLIDATION and ENHANCEMENT1 The Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) was established by Article 7 of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean – Treaty of Tlatelolco. In the concise style that is one of its characteristics, the Treaty attributes to the Agency the sole purpose of “guaranteeing compliance with the obligations”. An additional element regarding the objectives of the Treaty is added when it indicates the functions of the organs of OPANAL – the General Conference, composed of the entire membership, and the Council, which is integrated by 5 Member States. The General Conference “shall establish procedures for the Control System to ensure observance” of the Treaty (Art.9 paragraph 2b); the Council shall ensure the “proper operation” of the Control System (Art.10 paragraph 5) together with the Secretary-General, who shall lead the Secretariat. All other functions of those Organs, which are listed in those relevant Articles, are regulatory; they are focused on the operation of the Agency. 1 Ambassador Luiz Filipe de Macedo Soares, Secretary-General of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean – OPANAL. This document reflects the opinion of the author and does not necessarily represent the views of OPANAL. This paper was included in the publication of the International Seminar of OPANAL “A world free of nuclear weapons: Is it possible? Is it desirable? How could it be achieved?”, p.