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The Triple Nexus in Practice: Toward a New Way of Working in Protracted and Repeated Crises

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The Triple Nexus in Practice: Toward a New Way of Working in Protracted and Repeated Crises The Triple Nexus in Practice: Toward a New Way of Working in Protracted and Repeated Crises December 2019 Cover photo: Rohingya refugees in the Kutupalong Rohingya Refugee Camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh,2018 (UN Photo/KM Asad). Center on International Cooperation The Center on International Cooperation (CIC) is a non- profit research center housed at New York University. Our vision is to advance effective multilateral action to prevent crises and build peace, justice, and inclusion. Suggested citation: Center on International Cooperation, "The Triple Nexus in Practice: Toward a New Way of Working in Protracted and Repeated Crises" (New York: Center on International Cooperation, 2019). Table of Contents Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................iii Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................iii Executive summary.......................................................................................................................................vi 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. About the study.........................................................................................................................1 1.2. Background to the new way of working......................................................................................1 1.3. Context for the study.................................................................................................................2 2. Reinforcing, not replacing, national and local systems..............................................................................5 2.1. Promising developments and good practices..............................................................................5 2.2. Constraints..............................................................................................................................16 3. Transcending the humanitarian–development divide...............................................................................25 3.1. Promising developments and good practices............................................................................26 3.2. Constraints.............................................................................................................................42 4. Anticipating crises before they occur.........................................................................................................57 4.1. Promising developments and good practices.............................................................................57 4.2. Constraints..............................................................................................................................63 5. Recommendations....................................................................................................................................69 5.1. For governments and local civil society....................................................................................69 5.2 For the UN system...................................................................................................................71 5.3 For donors...............................................................................................................................75 Endnotes.......................................................................................................................................................78 Annex: topic guide........................................................................................................................................ 89 Boxes Box 1: Humanitarian needs in national development planning...........................................................6 Box 2: Incorporating refugees into the education sector in Jordan......................................................7 Box 3: Analysis supporting government action..................................................................................10 Box 4: A diversity of approaches to supporting local governments, communities, and NGOs............11 Box 5: Yemen: localization in active conflict situations.......................................................................14 Box 6: Humanitarian principles and working with state institutions...................................................19 Box 7: Somalia: not ripe for implementation, but why undermine ownership?..................................20 Box 8: Promising transition strategies: Nigeria, Somalia, and DRC...................................................21 Box 9: Collective outcomes: a few key questions...............................................................................25 Box 10: Planning across humanitarian and development divides in Lebanon.......................................27 Box 11: Linked plans: Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Sudan.................................................................34 Box 12: Mainstreaming, acceleration, and policy support for 2030 Agenda as an entry point...............37 Box 13: World Bank facilities...............................................................................................................38 Box 14: Ethiopia’s Refugee Proclamation............................................................................................40 Box 15. Language barriers as a crucial impediment in some countries.................................................44 i Box 16: Peacebuilding linkages in Nigeria....................................................................................46 Box 17: 2019 HRPs and the new way of working..........................................................................48 Box 18: Humanitarian–development(–peacebuilding) pooled funds............................................51 Box 19: Danish joint strategies at global and country levels.........................................................54 Box 20: Contingency planning in Afghanistan, South Sudan, and Iraq.........................................59 Box 21: Anticipatory and early-action finance..............................................................................62 Box 22: DAC Recommendation on the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus......................66 Tables Table 1: Summary of recommendations.......................................................................................xiv Table 2: A sample of collective outcomes......................................................................................32 ii Acknowledgments his review was commissioned and funded by the United Nations Development Programme Tand the government of Norway. The Center on International Cooperation (CIC) at New York University is deeply thankful for their support and the contributions they have made to the research and analysis. CIC also gratefully acknowledges the government officials and United Nations resident coordinators who facilitated country visits for this study, as well as government and other national stakeholders, and colleages in resident coordinator offices, United Nations Country Teams, Humanitarian Country Teams, and donor missions who shared their experiences and expertise. Input and insights were also kindly provided by members of the Joint Steering Committee to Advance Humanitarian and Development Collaboration, including the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance, the Peacebuilding Support Office, the Development Coordination Office, and others, as well as colleagues from the World Bank, Inter- Agency Standing Committee, and the International Network on Conflict and Fragility. Finally, CIC thanks the many colleagues from nongovernmental organizations and academic institutions who also contributed to this review. This report was authored by Leah Zamore, with strategic advice from Sarah Cliffe and Subinay Nandy, and research assistance from Shavon Bell. The views expressed in this report, and any errors, are solely our own. Abbreviations 3RP Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan ARC African Risk Capacity ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CADRI Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative CAR Central African Republic CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere Cat-DDO Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Operations CCA Common Country Assessment CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CFE Contingency Fund for Emergencies CRRF Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework CRW Crisis Response Window DAC Development Assistance Committee DEVCO Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development DHC Deputy Humanitarian Coordinator DIZA Inclusive Development of Host Communities DPA Department of Political Affairs DPPA Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General ECHO Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ESP Education Strategic Plan iii FAM Famine Action Mechanism FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FbA Forecast-based Action FCV Fragility, Conflict, and Violence FMS Federal member states FoodSECuRE Food Security Climate Resilience GCFF Global Concessional Financing Facility GCR Global Compact on Refugees GHD Good Humanitarian Donorship
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