DOCSLIB.ORG

White / Red / Jack Pine Group Spruce / Fir Group Fir / Spruce / Mountain Hemlock Group Exotic Softwoods Group Jack Pine Red Pine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
White / Red / Jack Pine Group Spruce / Fir Group Fir / Spruce / Mountain Hemlock Group Exotic Softwoods Group Jack Pine Red Pine MAY-05-14 09:30 AM 23261301 Table 6a. -- Net volume of growing-stock trees (at least 5 inches d.b.h./d.r.c.), in thousand cubic feet, on timberland by forest-type group, forest type, and softwood/hardwood species category, Michigan, 2013 Forest-type group/ All Softwood Hardwood forest type species species species Softwood type groups White / red / jack pine group Jack pine 432,506 397,221 35,284 Red pine 2,045,105 1,930,535 114,571 Eastern white pine 752,053 660,431 91,621 Eastern white pine / eastern hemlock 42,651 37,450 5,201 Eastern hemlock 287,051 214,856 72,196 All forest types 3,559,366 3,240,493 318,873 Spruce / fir group Balsam fir 193,966 156,716 37,249 White spruce 178,604 155,561 23,043 Black spruce 358,624 335,222 23,402 Tamarack 142,903 135,899 7,004 Northern white-cedar 2,387,482 2,114,657 272,825 All forest types 3,261,578 2,898,055 363,524 Fir / spruce / mountain hemlock group Blue spruce 5,989 5,989 - - All forest types 5,989 5,989 - - Exotic softwoods group Scotch pine 207,272 180,156 27,116 Other exotic softwoods 49,896 42,672 7,224 Norway spruce 20,417 19,468 949 Introduced larch 638 638 - - All forest types 278,223 242,934 35,289 All softwood groups 7,105,156 6,387,471 717,685 Hardwood type groups Oak / pine group Eastern white pine / northern red oak / white ash 501,904 286,963 214,941 Eastern redcedar / hardwood 1,429 - - 1,429 Other pine / hardwood 380,065 215,535 164,529 All forest types 883,398 502,499 380,899 Oak / hickory group White oak / red oak / hickory 2,579,609 162,636 2,416,973 White oak 388,901 14,923 373,978 Northern red oak 989,560 74,439 915,120 Yellow-poplar / white oak / northern red oak 20,258 - - 20,258 Sassafras / persimmon 67,168 617 66,551 Bur oak 21,058 422 20,637 Scarlet oak 6,088 2,357 3,731 Yellow-poplar 16,982 - - 16,982 Black walnut 11,002 105 10,897 Black locust 27,637 2,363 25,275 Chestnut oak / black oak / scarlet oak 65,735 7,955 57,781 Cherry / white ash / yellow-poplar 161,172 8,219 152,952 Elm / ash / black locust 301,235 28,492 272,743 Red maple / oak 414,207 10,764 403,443 Mixed upland hardwoods 218,595 6,361 212,234 All forest types 5,289,208 319,653 4,969,555 Oak / gum / cypress group Sweetbay / swamp tupelo / red maple 21,898 4,515 17,383 All forest types 21,898 4,515 17,383 (Table 6a continued on next page) MAY-05-14 09:30 AM 23261301 (Table 6a continued) Forest-type group/ All Softwood Hardwood forest type species species species Hardwood type groups Elm / ash / cottonwood group Black ash / American elm / red maple 945,890 218,744 727,145 River birch / sycamore 5,397 3,067 2,330 Cottonwood 161,753 953 160,800 Willow 5,065 306 4,760 Sycamore / pecan / American elm 46,985 6,808 40,177 Sugarberry / hackberry / elm / green ash 664,796 37,701 627,095 Silver maple / American elm 397,026 4,225 392,801 Red maple / lowland 714,147 90,288 623,859 Cottonwood / willow 27,023 - - 27,023 All forest types 2,968,082 362,092 2,605,990 Maple / beech / birch group Sugar maple / beech / yellow birch 6,838,043 963,484 5,874,558 Black cherry 191,384 8,579 182,806 Hard maple / basswood 2,554,474 90,103 2,464,371 Red maple / upland 1,042,595 136,480 906,115 All forest types 10,626,496 1,198,647 9,427,849 Aspen / birch group Aspen 2,811,758 518,862 2,292,896 Paper birch 209,627 72,954 136,673 Balsam poplar 189,378 52,967 136,412 Pin cherry 6,858 - - 6,858 All forest types 3,217,622 644,782 2,572,839 Other hardwoods group Other hardwoods 19,850 8,524 11,326 All forest types 19,850 8,524 11,326 Exotic hardwoods group Other exotic hardwoods 10,301 368 9,933 All forest types 10,301 368 9,933 All hardwood groups 23,036,855 3,041,080 19,995,775 Nonstocked 3,422 623 2,799 All forest groups 30,145,433 9,429,174 20,716,259 All table cells without observations in the inventory sample (Tableare indicated 6a continued by --. on next page) Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 cubic feet. Columns and rows may not add to their totals due to rounding..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oak, Pine & Hemlock Silviculture
    Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Some Standard Silvicultural Methods • 1. Single‐tree selection • 2. Group \patch: includes group release and shelterwood groups • 3. Clearcutting • 4. Overstory removal Oak, Pine & Hemlock Silviculture • 5. Standard shelterwood • 6. Low‐density shelterwood • 7. Deferred shelterwood • 8. Irregular shelterwood W.B. Leak • 9.Precommercial thinning • 10. Commercial thinning • 11. Stand improvement • 12. Rehabilitation • 13. Ecological forestry • 14. Natural disturbance silviculture App. Percent Cu. Vol. and Sapling Numbers In New Hampshire Major Oak/Pine Silvi Problems • Species Vol. % Sapling % • Regen • Red oak 8.9 3.2 • White Pine 20.2 3.4 • Red Maple 14.6 11.9 • Regen • Regen 1 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Where Does Oak/Pine/Hemlock Like to Sources of Regen Problems Grow? Dry Sites: • Seed supply? Outwash • Seed losses? Shallow Bedrock • Germination? Sandy Tills • Browsing? • Competition? Hemlock: also on shallow, wet pan • All of the above!! 2 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Also: Old‐Field Pine A long history of white pine invasion of abandoned old‐fields on a variety of soils! Why?? Pine can handle eroded soils and grass/hay competition. Then…..After the Pine Harvest • Understory oak (a wildlife influence?) develops into a fine stand. Some of our best oak stands developed after pine (McKinnon 1935, Harv. Bull. 18). • But even after a careful oak shelterwood, the oak does not readily regenerate. • On some sites (e.g. sandy), pine regenerates under the oak – possibly another wildlife influence. 3 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 The Oak/Pine Regeneration Process • Develops best from advanced regen.
    [Show full text]
  • Susceptibility of Larch, Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Douglas-Fir to Phytophthora Ramorum1
    Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Fifth Science Symposium Susceptibility of Larch, Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and 1 Douglas-fir to Phytophthora ramorum Gary Chastagner,2 Kathy Riley,2 and Marianne Elliott2 Introduction The recent determination that Phytophthora ramorum is causing bleeding stem cankers on Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière) in the United Kingdom (Forestry Commission 2012, Webber et al. 2010), and that inoculum from this host appears to have resulted in disease and canker development on other conifers, including western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), potentially has profound implications for the timber industry and forests in the United States Pacific Northwest (PNW). A clearer understanding of the susceptibility of these conifers to P. ramorum is needed to assess the risk of this occurring in the PNW. Methods An experiment was conducted to examine the susceptibility of new growth on European (L. decidua Mill.), Japanese, eastern (L. laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), and western larch (L. occidentalis Nutt.); western and eastern hemlock (T. canadensis (L.) Carrière); Sitka spruce; and a coastal seed source of Douglas-fir to three genotypes (NA1, NA2, and EU1) of P. ramorum in 2011. In 2012, a similar experiment was conducted using only the four larch species. Container-grown seedlings or saplings were used in all experiments. Five trees or branches of each species were inoculated with a single isolate of the three genotypes by spraying the foliage with a suspension of zoospores (105/ml).
    [Show full text]
  • Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin Name Quercus Montana
    Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin name Quercus Montana Chestnut Oak owes its name to its leaves, 4”-6” long, looking like those of the American Chestnut. It is a species of oak in the white oak group native to eastern U.S. Predominantly a ridge-top tree in hardwood forests. Also called Mountain Oak or Rock Oak because it grows in dry rocky habitats, sometimes even around large rocks. As a consequence of its dry habitat and harsh ridge-top exposure, it is not usually large, 59’–72’ tall; specimens growing in better conditions however can become large, up to 141’. It is a long-lived tree, with high-quality timber when well-formed. The heavy, durable, close-grained wood is used for fence posts, fuel, railroad ties and tannin. Saplings are easier to transplant than many other oaks because the taproot of the seedling disintegrates as the tree grows, and the remaining roots form a dense mat about three feet deep. It is monoecious, having pollen-bearing catkins in mid-spring that fertilize the inconspicuous female flowers on the same tree. It reproduces from seed as well as stump sprouts. The 1”-1-1/2” long acorns mature in one growing season, are among the largest of native American oaks and are a valuable wildlife food. Acorns are produced when a tree grown from seed is about 20 years of age, but sprouts from cut stumps can produce acorns in as little as three years after cutting. Extensive confusion between the chestnut oak (Q. montana) and the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) has historically occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas Fir Release from Tanoak and Pacific Madrone Competition 1
    I 5 Reprinted from Weed Science, Vol. 24, January 1976, pages 144-145 Douglas Fir Release from Tanoak and Pacific Madrone Competition 1 S. R. RADOSEVICH, P. C. PASSOF, and 0. A. LEONARD2 Abstract. Broadleaf species such as tanoak [Lithocarpus den­ to small Douglas fir were treated by the cut-surface method in siflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.] and pacific madrone (Arbutus April, 1964. Herbicides used were the amines of 2,4-0 and menziezii Pursh) reduced conifer growth on previously logged 2,4,5-T and the potassium salt of picloram. The amine formu­ or burned areas of the northern California and southwest Ore­ lations of 2,4-0 and 2,4,5-T contained 0.48 kg ae/L. Picloram gon coast range. Cut-surface applications of 2,4-D [ (2,4-di­ contained 0.24 kg ae/L. chlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophe­ noxy)acetic acid], and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropico­ Hatchet cuts wer.e made through the bark into the wood at linic acid) into tanoak and pacific madrone growing as over­ the base of 7 .6 to 10.2 cm stems of tanoak and madrone such story to Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] that all the bark was severed around the tree. No attem~t was were found to provide acceptable control for 10 years follow­ made, to have separate cuts connected since the objective was ing application. Increment cores obtained from Douglas fir in to sever vertical lines of flow of both water and carbohydrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
    PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species.
    [Show full text]
  • Announcing the SMA Urban Tree of the Year: Chestnut Oak
    Announcing the SMA Urban Tree of The Year: Chestnut Oak The 2017 SMA Urban Tree of the Year is native to much of the Eastern United States. Hikers from New York to Tennessee who ascend to dry ridges will often see the deeply furrowed, blocky barked trunks of chestnut oak (Quercus mon- tana) (syn. Q. prinus). The bark is so distinctive, it may be the only ID feature one needs. There’s growing interest in using chestnut oak in the urban environment because it is pH-adaptable, handles dry soils and periods of drought, has a beautiful mature form, requires mini- mal pruning, and tends to be free of major pests and diseases. The common name “chestnut oak” owes to the leaves looking like those of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and indeed both are members of the beech family, Fagaceae. Other com- mon names for chestnut oak include rock oak, rock chestnut oak, or mountain oak—referring to its customary sighting in dry, rocky soils on ridgetops, where it has a competitive advantage. Chestnut oak acorn • Photo by Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest However, if chestnut oak is open-grown in the moist, well- Service, Bugwood.org drained soil that all trees dream about, it will be significantly bigger than its scrappy ridgetop cousins. Typically it reaches 50 to 70 feet (15 to 21 m) tall and almost as wide. It’s hardy in USDA Zones 4 to 8 and prefers full sun. Dublin, Ohio Forestry Assistant Jocelyn Knerr nominated the tree. “We started using chestnut oak in Dublin in 2009 as a street tree,” she says.
    [Show full text]
  • Oak Wood Composition* by Dr
    Oak Wood Composition* By Dr. Murli Dharmadhikari Significant variation occurs in the composition of oak heartwood. There are many factors that contribute to this variation. These include: differences within a tree, age of the tree, rate of growth, soil and climate of the region, and more importantly, the genetic differences between various species. Variation Within a Tree Within a given tree, variation in the heartwood composition can be considerable. For example, heartwood close to the sapwood is richer in tannin than the heartwood close to the pith. Higher tannin levels are found in the base of the tree than near the crown. The tannin content increases as the tree gets older. Soil, climate, and other environmental conditions also affect growth and composition of heartwood. Although significant differences in composition can be found within a tree, as well as among the trees, these differences are minimized during the process of barrel making. A 50-gallon barrel is made out of 30 plus staves. The staves in a given barrel may come from different segments of the same tree or from several trees grown in a given area. Variation Due to Rate of Growth The rate of growth also affects the heartwood composition. A slower rate of growth is characterized by a greater proportion of spring wood and a smaller proportion of summer wood. The spring growth consists of large vessels; whereas in summer growth, the pores are relatively small. In a slow growing tree, due to the higher proportion of spring growth, the heartwood is less dense, softer, and accumulates more phenolic extractives.
    [Show full text]
  • Spruce - Pine Woodland These Plants Are Frequently Found in This Community Type
    Characteristic Plants Spruce - Pine Woodland These plants are frequently found in this community type. Those with an asterisk are State Rank S4 often diagnostic of this community. (pH 4.6-5.2) and nutrient poor. Some Canopy Community Description sites show evidence of past fire, but many Balsam fir* This type is a mixed canopy woodland do not. Black spruce* (25-70% closure) in which red spruce Northern white cedar* and/or white pine is always present Diagnostics Paper birch* and associated species vary. Red spruce Sites are woodlands on bedrock, with Red spruce* or white pine is strongly dominant conifer cover exceeding deciduous cover. White pine* at some sites; at others, the canopy is Red spruce is typically dominant, or White spruce* occasionally co-dominant with white pine Sapling/shrub mixed, with no one tree species strongly Spruce – Pine Woodland dominant. White spruce may rarely or red spruce. Bayberry* replace red spruce at coastal sites. The spruce (an oak - spruce mix), but have Shadbush shrub layer is typically very sparse (and Similar Types more deciduous than coniferous tree Wild-raisin* variable in composition), and the herb Other upland coniferous woodlands cover. Moving downslope, or into areas of Dwarf Shrub layer has mostly 15-50% cover. Heath may include red spruce but will have greater soil development, these woodlands Black huckleberry* shrubs are the dominant feature of the other tree species (northern white cedar, can grade into spruce or pine forests, but Lowbush blueberry* herb layer; herb species rarely exceed pitch pine, red pine, jack pine, or black those have more continuous canopy and Sheep laurel* 8% cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Quercus Prinus Chestnut Oak1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-557 October 1994 Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Chestnut Oak is a deciduous, native tree which reaches 50 to 60 feet in height with an equal spread when grown in the open (Fig. 1). It is capable of reaching to 100 feet in the woods. The glossy, green, four to eight-inch-long by 1.5 to 3-inch-wide leaves turn to yellow-brown or red-brown in fall before dropping. The large, 1.5-inch-long acorns which fall in October are particularly sweet-tasting, and are relished by many forms of wildlife, such as the grey squirrel, black bear, and white-tailed deer. The attractive dark brown to black bark is deeply ridged and furrowed. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Quercus prinus Pronunciation: KWERK-us PRY-nus Common name(s): Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak, Basket Oak Family: Fagaceae USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9A (Fig. 2) Origin: native to North America Uses: large parking lot islands (> 200 square feet in size); wide tree lawns (>6 feet wide); recommended Figure 1. Middle-aged Chestnut Oak. for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; shade tree; residential street DESCRIPTION tree; no proven urban tolerance Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out Height: 50 to 60 feet of the region to find the tree Spread: 40 to 60 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown forms Crown shape: round 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-557, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Veneer Guidelines 1
    V T INDUSTRIES VENEER GUIDELINES 1 VTWO O D VENEERS PLAN I SLICED NATURAL MAPLE N ATURAL VARIATIONS The word natural brings to mind certain connotations like “beauty”, “warmth” and “purity”. Merriam-Webster defines natural as “occurring in conformity with the ordinary course of nature (the genetically controlled qualities of an organism): not marvelous or supernatural”. Wood is a product of nature, and in some cases, will accentuate and enhance a project design when used in its purest, or natural, state. However, as a product of nature, each wood species has certain intrinsic and industry-acceptable characteristics, which can vary from tree to tree and flitch (half log) to flitch. It is precisely these naturally occurring variations that provide such richness and uniqueness to each project design. Certain wood species such as natural maple and birch can vary widely in color range, which is why in many cases select white is specified so that the sapwood can be accumulated and spliced together to create a consistent color. The photos and information in this brochure are designed to assist you in specifying and receiving the product you envision. When specifying "natural" maple and birch, the veneer will contain unlimited amounts of Sapwood (the light portion of the log) and/or Heartwood (the dark portion of the log) unselected for color. If a light colored veneer is preferred, specify Select White (all Sapwood) maple or birch. If a dark colored veneer is preferred, specify Select Red/Brown (all Heartwood) Note, availability may be limited. 2 VTWO O D VENEERS PLAN I SLICED SELECT WHITE MAPLE HO W TO SPECIFY Natural veneers, such as maple and birch, may contain sapwood/ heartwood combinations, color streaks, spots and color variation from almost white to very dark.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Strand Quality of Upland Oaks for Use in Oriented Strand Board
    IMPROVING STRAND QUALITY OF UPLAND OAKS FOR USE IN ORIENTED STRAND BOARD David B. DeVallance, Jody D. Gray, and Shawn T. Grushecky1 Abstract.—Past research estimates that more than 1 million tons of oak logging residues go unused in West Virginia each year. Much research has been done investigating potential products and markets for this underutilized resource. West Virginia is home to an oriented strand board (OSB) producer that consumes large volumes of small diameter, low quality round wood. However, the use of oak species is limited because of their undesirable physical properties. Much of this rejection is due to the poor strandability of oak and the production of signifi cant volumes of fi nes during the stranding process. New stranding technology for improving the quality of oak strands produced for the OSB manufacturing process was investigated. Th e process of making OSB strands was examined to see if changes could be made to improve the quality of oak strands. Changes in cutting speed, knife angle, pocket angle, and rotations per minute improved the strand geometry and reduced the percentage of fi nes produced during the oak stranding process. INTRODUCTION More than 10 tons of logging residues per acre are left in the woods annually after harvest in southern West Virginia (Grushecky et al. 2006). An estimated 50 percent of that residue is low quality oak. If this trend is extrapolated to the whole state, approximately 1,125,000 tons of low quality oak is available each year in West Virginia. Th is residue represents a potential resource, but at present, no lasting market has developed for its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Oak-Pine Barrens Community Abstract
    Oak-Pine Barrens Community Abstract Historical Range Photo by Patrick J. Comer Prevalent or likely prevalent Infrequent or likely infrequent Absent or likely absent Global and State Rank: G3/S2 0.3% of the state’s surface area (Comer et al. 1995). Most of this acreage was concentrated in Newaygo Range: Barrens and prairie communities reached their County (17% or 19,000 acres), Crawford County (15% maximum extent in Michigan approximately 4,000- or 17,000 acres) and Allegan County (14% or 15,000 6,000 years before present, when post-glacial climatic acres). Today merely a few hundred acres of high conditions were comparatively warm and dry. Dur- quality oak-pine barrens remain in Michigan. This rare ing this time, xerothermic conditions allowed for the community constitutes less than 0.005% of the present invasion of fire-dependent, xeric vegetation types into a vegetation, a sixty-fold reduction from the amount of large portion of the Lower Peninsula and into sections oak-pine barrens originally present. of the Upper Peninsula. With the subsequent shift of more mesic climatic conditions southward, there has Currently a few small remnants of oak-pine barrens been a recolonization of mesic vegetation throughout persist. Destructive timber exploitation of pines Michigan. The distribution of fire-dominated com- (1890s) and oaks (1920s) combined with post-logging munities, such as oak-pine barrens, has been reduced slash fires destroyed or degraded oak-pine barrens to isolated patches typically along the climatic tension across Michigan (Michigan Natural Features Inventory zone (Hauser 1953 in Lohrentz and Mattei 1995). In 1995).
    [Show full text]