Mount Dora Tree Inventoryinventory History

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Mount Mount Dora Tree InventoryInventory History • Request for Qualifications 16-11-002, submittals on August 30, 2016 • E Sciences awarded project on October 13, 2016 • Original PO issued February 10, 2017 • Second PO issued April 25, 2017 Staff • Brian Voelker, MS • Jen Savaro, MS • David Mahnken, MS Mount Dora Tree Inventory • As of April 17, 2017 • 75% of City complete • 7,499 trees to date Tree Species • 85 Total Tree Species • Most Common Species: – Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia) – 1, 674 – Cabbage Palm (Sabel palmetto) – 1,182 – Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) - 989 – Crepe Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) - 740 – Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) - 374 Tree Conditions • Good – 5,359 Trees • Fair – 1,764 Trees • Poor – 311 Trees • Critical – 32 Trees • Dead – 33 Trees • Trees with most defects occur throughout the center of the City E Sciences is recommending at least 126 trees to be removed Defect Observations • Tree species with most defects: – Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia) – Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) – Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) Observations • Most Common Defects: – Co-Dominant Leader – Dead wood/decay – Reduced Canopy – Leaning – Constricted Roots Conflicts • None – 6,264 Trees • Other Trees – 570 Trees • Overhead Utilities – 521 Trees • Other – 67 Trees (i.e. Light pole, fence, etc.) • Sidewalk – 59 Trees • Building – Structure – 17 Trees Recommendations • None – 4,766 Trees • Most common recommendations: – Crown Cleaning – 1,612 Trees – Structure Pruning – 340 Trees – Clearance Pruning – 300 Trees Next Steps? • Complete the tree inventory • Address critical issues • Prepare an Urban Forest Management Plan • Develop a City Nursery • Prepare a Street Tree Master Plan • Ordinance/Landscape Technical Manual • On-going assessment and monitoring of large trees within historic downtown • Develop Capital Improvement Program to implement the Forst Management Plan.

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Phytophthora Ramorum Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
NAME OF SPECIES: Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death pathogen Synonyms: Common Name: Sudden Oak Death pathogen A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO X 2. Abundance: 3. Geographic Range: 4. Habitat Invaded: 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: II. Invasive in Similar Climate YES NO X Zones United States: In 14 coastal California Counties and in Curry County, Oregon. In nursery in Washington. Canada: Nursery in British Columbia. Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, France, Belgium, and Sweden. III. Invasive in Similar Habitat YES X NO Types IV. Habitat Affected 1. Habitat affected: this disease thrives in cool, wet climates including areas in coastal California within the fog belt or in low- lying forested areas along stream beds and other bodies of water. Oaks associated with understory species that are susceptible to foliar infections are at higher risk of becoming infected. 2. Host plants: Forty-five hosts are regulated for this disease. These hosts have been found naturally infected by P. ramorum and have had Koch’s postulates completed, reviewed and accepted. Approximately fifty-nine species are associated with Phytophthora ramorum. These species are found naturally infected; P. ramorum has been cultured or detected with PCR but Koch’s postulates have not been completed or documented and reviewed. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is considered an associated host. See end of document for complete list of plant hosts. National Risk Model and Map shows susceptible forest types in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
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American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy
American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy Developing the Latest Acquired Knowledge of Drugs, and Especially of the Direct Action of Single Drugs Upon Exact Conditions of Disease, with Especial Reference of the Therapeutics of the Plant Drugs of the Americas. By FINLEY ELLINGWOOD, M.D. 1919 Late Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Bennett Medical College, Chicago; Professor of Chemistry in Bennett Medical College 1884-1898; Author, and Editor of Ellingwood's Therapeutist; Member National Eclectic Medical Association; American Medical Editors' Association. Abridged to include only the botanical entries, and arranged in alphabetical order by latin names Southwest School of Botanical Medicine P.O. Box 4565, Bisbee, AZ 85603 www.swsbm.com ABIES. Abies canadensis Synonym—Hemlock spruce. CONSTITUENTS— Tannic acid, resin, volatile oil. Canada pitch, or gum hemlock, is the prepared concrete juice of the pinus canadensis. The juice exudes from the tree, and is collected by boiling the bark in water, or boiling the hemlock knots, which are rich in resin. It is composed of one or more resins, and a minute quantity of volatile oil. Canada pitch of commerce is in reddish-brown, brittle masses, of a faint odor, and slight taste. Oil of hemlock is obtained by distilling the branches with water. It is a volatile liquid, having a terebinthinate odor and taste. PREPARATIONS— Canada Pitch Plaster Tincture of the fresh hemlock boughs Tincture of the fresh inner bark. Specific Medicine Pinus. Dose, from five to sixty minims. The hemlock spruce produces three medicines; the gum, used in the form of a plaster as a rubifacient in rheumatism and kindred complaints; the volatile oil—oil of hemlock—or a tincture of the fresh boughs, used as a diuretic in diseases of the urinary organs, and wherever a terebinthinate remedy is indicated; and a tincture of the fresh inner bark, an astringent with specific properties, used locally, and internally in catarrh.
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Oak, Pine & Hemlock Silviculture
Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Some Standard Silvicultural Methods • 1. Single‐tree selection • 2. Group \patch: includes group release and shelterwood groups • 3. Clearcutting • 4. Overstory removal Oak, Pine & Hemlock Silviculture • 5. Standard shelterwood • 6. Low‐density shelterwood • 7. Deferred shelterwood • 8. Irregular shelterwood W.B. Leak • 9.Precommercial thinning • 10. Commercial thinning • 11. Stand improvement • 12. Rehabilitation • 13. Ecological forestry • 14. Natural disturbance silviculture App. Percent Cu. Vol. and Sapling Numbers In New Hampshire Major Oak/Pine Silvi Problems • Species Vol. % Sapling % • Regen • Red oak 8.9 3.2 • White Pine 20.2 3.4 • Red Maple 14.6 11.9 • Regen • Regen 1 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Where Does Oak/Pine/Hemlock Like to Sources of Regen Problems Grow? Dry Sites: • Seed supply? Outwash • Seed losses? Shallow Bedrock • Germination? Sandy Tills • Browsing? • Competition? Hemlock: also on shallow, wet pan • All of the above!! 2 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 Also: Old‐Field Pine A long history of white pine invasion of abandoned old‐fields on a variety of soils! Why?? Pine can handle eroded soils and grass/hay competition. Then…..After the Pine Harvest • Understory oak (a wildlife influence?) develops into a fine stand. Some of our best oak stands developed after pine (McKinnon 1935, Harv. Bull. 18). • But even after a careful oak shelterwood, the oak does not readily regenerate. • On some sites (e.g. sandy), pine regenerates under the oak – possibly another wildlife influence. 3 Pine‐Oak‐Hemlock‐‐Silviculture Institute 7/18/2017 The Oak/Pine Regeneration Process • Develops best from advanced regen.
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Evergreen Trees Agonis Flexuosa
Evergreen Trees Agonis flexuosa – Peppermint Willow Graceful willow-like evergreen tree (but without the willows voracious root system) with reddish-brown, deeply furrowed bark to 25’-30’. New leaves and twigs have an attractive reddish cast; clustered small white flowers and brownish fruits are not particularly ornamental. Casaurina stricta – Beefwood Pendulous gray branches; resembles a pine somewhat; tolerates drought, heat, wind, fog. Growth to 20’- 30’. Cinnamomum camphora - Camphor Evergreen trees to 40 feet, with 20-foot spread.. In winter foliage is a shiny yellow green. In early spring new foliage may be pink, red or bronze, depending on tree. Unusually strong structure. Clusters of tiny, fragrant yellow flowers in profusion in May. Geijera parviflora- Australian Willow Evergreen trees with graceful, fine-textured leaves, to 30 feet, 20 feet wide. Main branches weep up and out; little branches hang down. Much of the grace of a willow, much of the toughness of eucalyptus, moderate growth and deep non-invasive roots. Laurus nobilis – Grecian Laurel Slow growth 12-40’. Natural habit is compact, broad-based, often multi-stemmed, gradually tapering cone. Leaves lethery, aromatic. Clusters of small yellow flowers followed by black or purple berries. Magnolia Grandiflora – ‘Little Gem’- Dwarf Southern Magnolia Small tree to 20’ in height. Showy white flowers in the summer. Green glossy leaves. Maytenous boaria - Mayten Evergreen tree with slow to moderate growth to an eventual 30-50 feet, with a 15-foot spread, with long and pendulous branchlets hanging down from branches, giving tree a graceful look. Habit and leaves somewhat like a small scale weeping willow.
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Susceptibility of Larch, Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Douglas-Fir to Phytophthora Ramorum1
Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Fifth Science Symposium Susceptibility of Larch, Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and 1 Douglas-fir to Phytophthora ramorum Gary Chastagner,2 Kathy Riley,2 and Marianne Elliott2 Introduction The recent determination that Phytophthora ramorum is causing bleeding stem cankers on Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière) in the United Kingdom (Forestry Commission 2012, Webber et al. 2010), and that inoculum from this host appears to have resulted in disease and canker development on other conifers, including western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), potentially has profound implications for the timber industry and forests in the United States Pacific Northwest (PNW). A clearer understanding of the susceptibility of these conifers to P. ramorum is needed to assess the risk of this occurring in the PNW. Methods An experiment was conducted to examine the susceptibility of new growth on European (L. decidua Mill.), Japanese, eastern (L. laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), and western larch (L. occidentalis Nutt.); western and eastern hemlock (T. canadensis (L.) Carrière); Sitka spruce; and a coastal seed source of Douglas-fir to three genotypes (NA1, NA2, and EU1) of P. ramorum in 2011. In 2012, a similar experiment was conducted using only the four larch species. Container-grown seedlings or saplings were used in all experiments. Five trees or branches of each species were inoculated with a single isolate of the three genotypes by spraying the foliage with a suspension of zoospores (105/ml).
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Invasive Trees of Georgia Pub10-14
Pub. No. 39 October 2016 Invasive Trees of Georgia by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Georgia has many species of trees. Some are native trees and some have been introduced from outside the state, nation, or continent. Most of Georgia’s trees are well- behaved and easily develop into sustainable shade and street trees. A few tree species have an extrodinary ability to upsurp resources and take over sites from other plants. These trees are called invasive because they effectively invade sites, many times eliminat- ing other species of plants. There are a few tree species native to Georgia which are considered invasive in other parts of the country. These native invasives, may be well-behaved in Georgia, but reproduce and take over sites elsewhere, and so have gained an invasive status from at least one other invasive species list. Table 1. There are hundreds of trees which have been introduced to Georgia landscapes. Some of these exotic / naturalized trees are considered invasive. The selected list of Georgia invasive trees listed here are notorious for growing rampantly and being difficult to eradicate. Table 2. Table 1: Native trees considered invasive in other parts of the country. scientific name common name scientific name common name Acacia farnesiana sweet acacia Myrica cerifera Southern bayberry Acer negundo boxelder Pinus taeda loblolly pine Acer rubrum red maple Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Fraxinus americana white ash Prunus serotina black cherry Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Gleditsia triacanthos honeylocust Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar The University of Georgia is committed to principles of equal opportunity and affirmative action.
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Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin Name Quercus Montana
Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin name Quercus Montana Chestnut Oak owes its name to its leaves, 4”-6” long, looking like those of the American Chestnut. It is a species of oak in the white oak group native to eastern U.S. Predominantly a ridge-top tree in hardwood forests. Also called Mountain Oak or Rock Oak because it grows in dry rocky habitats, sometimes even around large rocks. As a consequence of its dry habitat and harsh ridge-top exposure, it is not usually large, 59’–72’ tall; specimens growing in better conditions however can become large, up to 141’. It is a long-lived tree, with high-quality timber when well-formed. The heavy, durable, close-grained wood is used for fence posts, fuel, railroad ties and tannin. Saplings are easier to transplant than many other oaks because the taproot of the seedling disintegrates as the tree grows, and the remaining roots form a dense mat about three feet deep. It is monoecious, having pollen-bearing catkins in mid-spring that fertilize the inconspicuous female ﬂowers on the same tree. It reproduces from seed as well as stump sprouts. The 1”-1-1/2” long acorns mature in one growing season, are among the largest of native American oaks and are a valuable wildlife food. Acorns are produced when a tree grown from seed is about 20 years of age, but sprouts from cut stumps can produce acorns in as little as three years after cutting. Extensive confusion between the chestnut oak (Q. montana) and the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) has historically occurred.
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Guideline 410 Prohibited Plant List
VENTURA COUNTY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU 165 DURLEY AVENUE CAMARILLO, CA 93010 www.vcfd.org Office: 805-389-9738 Fax: 805-388-4356 GUIDELINE 410 PROHIBITED PLANT LIST This list was first published by the VCFD in 2014. It has been updated as of April 2019. It is intended to provide a list of plants and trees that are not allowed within a new required defensible space (DS) or fuel modification zone (FMZ). It is highly recommended that these plants and trees be thinned and or removed from existing DS and FMZs. In certain instances, the Fire Department may require the thinning and or removal. This list was prepared by Hunt Research Corporation and Dudek & Associates, and reviewed by Scott Franklin Consulting Co, VCFD has added some plants and has removed plants only listed due to freezing hazard. Please see notes after the list of plants. For questions regarding this list, please contact the Fire Hazard reduction Program (FHRP) Unit at 085-389-9759 or [email protected] Prohibited plant list:Botanical Name Common Name Comment* Trees Abies species Fir F Acacia species (numerous) Acacia F, I Agonis juniperina Juniper Myrtle F Araucaria species (A. heterophylla, A. Araucaria (Norfolk Island Pine, Monkey F araucana, A. bidwillii) Puzzle Tree, Bunya Bunya) Callistemon species (C. citrinus, C. rosea, C. Bottlebrush (Lemon, Rose, Weeping) F viminalis) Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar F Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak F Cedrus species (C. atlantica, C. deodara) Cedar (Atlas, Deodar) F Chamaecyparis species (numerous) False Cypress F Cinnamomum camphora Camphor F Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria F Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress F Cupressus species (C.
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Douglas Fir Release from Tanoak and Pacific Madrone Competition 1
I 5 Reprinted from Weed Science, Vol. 24, January 1976, pages 144-145 Douglas Fir Release from Tanoak and Pacific Madrone Competition 1 S. R. RADOSEVICH, P. C. PASSOF, and 0. A. LEONARD2 Abstract. Broadleaf species such as tanoak [Lithocarpus den to small Douglas fir were treated by the cut-surface method in siflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.] and pacific madrone (Arbutus April, 1964. Herbicides used were the amines of 2,4-0 and menziezii Pursh) reduced conifer growth on previously logged 2,4,5-T and the potassium salt of picloram. The amine formu or burned areas of the northern California and southwest Ore lations of 2,4-0 and 2,4,5-T contained 0.48 kg ae/L. Picloram gon coast range. Cut-surface applications of 2,4-D [ (2,4-di contained 0.24 kg ae/L. chlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophe noxy)acetic acid], and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropico Hatchet cuts wer.e made through the bark into the wood at linic acid) into tanoak and pacific madrone growing as over the base of 7 .6 to 10.2 cm stems of tanoak and madrone such story to Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] that all the bark was severed around the tree. No attem~t was were found to provide acceptable control for 10 years follow made, to have separate cuts connected since the objective was ing application. Increment cores obtained from Douglas fir in to sever vertical lines of flow of both water and carbohydrates.
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Cinnamomum Camphora) in Eastern Australia Brett J
Chapter 14—Australia’s Ever-changing Forests VI: Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Australian Forest History. Brett J. Stubbs et al. (ed.). © 2012, ISBN 978-0-9757906-2-5 Saviour to Scourge: a history of the introduction and spread of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) in eastern Australia Brett J. Stubbs School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480 Introduction The 50th year commemorative book of Wyrallah Road Public School, in Lismore, New South Wales, records the lopping of camphor trees bordering the school grounds as a ‘milestone’ for 1999. In similar spirit, at Bexhill Public School near Lismore, on World Forestry Day, 26 March 2004, children were told about the need to remove camphor trees and replace them with native species. Palmwoods State School received a Queensland Arbor Day Award in 2005 for the removal from its grounds of an old camphor tree and the transformation of the stump into an artistic wood carving. It is highly incongruous that trees planted in school yards many years before to provide shade and shelter for children, and to beautify their environment, are now being destroyed, not because they are old and unsafe or have grown inconveniently big, but because of a prevailing attitude akin to revulsion which has developed towards the species. The foregoing are just a few examples of the present-day quest for the elimination of camphor trees from the landscape—a quest which is pursued with as much zeal and vigour in parts of eastern Australia as that to reinstate the region’s lost rainforest.
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Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species.
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Georgia Native Trees Considered Invasive in Other Parts of the Country. Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Invasive Trees of Georgia Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care, Warnell School, UGA Georgia has many species of trees. Some are native trees and some have been introduced from outside the state, nation, or continent. Most of Georgia’s trees are well-behaved and easily develop into sustainable shade and street trees. A few tree species have an extrodinary ability to upsurp resources and take over sites from other plants. These trees are called invasive because they effectively invade sites, many times eliminating other species of plants. There are a few tree species native to Georgia which are considered invasive in other parts of the country. These native invasives, may be well-behaved in Georgia, but reproduce and take over sites elsewhere, and so have gained an invasive status from at least one other invasive species list. Table 1. There are hundreds of trees which have been introduced to Georgia landscapes. Some of these exotic / naturalized trees are considered invasive. The selected list of Georgia invasive trees listed here are notorious for growing rampantly and being diffi- cult to eradicate. Table 2. They should not be planted. Table 1: Georgia native trees considered invasive in other parts of the country. scientific name common name scientific name common name Acacia farnesiana sweet acacia Myrica cerifera Southern bayberry Acer negundo boxelder Pinus taeda loblolly pine Acer rubrum red maple Populus deltoides Eastern Fraxinus americana white ash cottonwood Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Prunus serotina black cherry Gleditsia triacanthos honeylocust Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Juniperus virginiana eastern Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac redcedar Table 2: Introduced (exotic) tree / shrub species found in Georgia listed at a regional / national level as being ecologically invasive.
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