FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
SUBJECT: JackThe Ripper 92 - ' *1 i P '* {"5 O
_ July 6, 1988
UNSUB; AKAJACK THERIPPER7 ~ SERIES OF HOMICIDES LONDON, ENGLAND 1888 NCAVC HOMICIDE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVEANALYSIS!
The followingcriminal investigativeanalysis was Nationalprepared SupervisoryCenterby for the Analysis SpecialAgent Violentof SSA!John Crime NCAVC!,E.Douglas, FBI Program Managerof Criminal Investigative Analysis.At the torequest prepare ofanCosgrove-Meurer analysisof a 100-year old, Productions,SSA Douglasunsolved was serial murderrequested 'case that "Jack the Ripper." occurred England.in C Thishistorical casewas knownas- SSA Douglas was providedbasic backgroundinformation relative toeach case;however, it is noted thatforensic today,technology werenonexistent otherand investigativea century ago. techniques, Medicalexaminers we as knowof reports wereincomplete, crimescene photography was used typesparingly, ofthoroughness andpolice investigative evidencedtoday.reports _ donot reflectthe Whena case is submitted forinvestigative analysis, the reliabilitythoroughnessanddisplayed validityby theof the medicaloverall analysisexaminers,technicians,is hinged on completeinvestigators,as cases submitted etc.Although todayby muchmaterialsprovided more sophisticated werenot as law enforcementinformationby making agencies,certainSSA Douglas probablefilled assumptions. in the missingpieces of This analysiswill addressthe followingareas: _ Victimologycrime andcrime or scene profileanalysis; of victims; offendermedical traits andexaminer's findings; characteristics; andpre- post-offense behavioral patterns; investigative and/orproactive techniques;and interview] v interrogation suggestions. v A Ratherthan address each homicideseparately, ' 1 homicidesSSA Douglas as a commentswhole. willrelate tothe entireseries of
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1 VICTIMOLOGY qf In each homicide, the victim was a prostitute with a reputation of drinking quite heavily. These two ingredients place the victim in a "high risk" category. By "high risk," we define this as someonewho is very likely to be the victim of 92 violent crime. From aninvestigative perspective, this makes it F extremely difficult in reference to developing logical suspects. From a forensic viewpoint, if any evidence is obtained such as hairs and fibers, semen, etc., law enforcement would not know for certain if this evidence did in fact come from the subject. One hundred years ago, prostitution was not as organized as it is today, where wehave pimpscontrolling, monitoring, and protecting their stables. During the "Jack the Ripper" era, women worked independently.A femaleprostitute who drank heavily was looking for trouble. Wewould suspect that E? ..; there werenumerous instancesof these womenbeing physically 3 assaulted, raped, and ripped off. .4 Prostitutes 100 years ago did not dress differently I than other women at that time. In most cases, they performed I their "services" in dark alleys or in "flop" houses. The prostitutes targetedby Jackthe Ripperwere nearly twice the age of prostitutes soliciting today. They were not particularly attractive and other than their age, there were no striking similarities between them. It is noted that the last victim was 25.! The "Jack the Ripper" victims were targeted because they were readily accessible. Jack the Ripper did not have to »| initiate the contact. This wasdone for him bythe prostitute. This is an important feature in a case such as this and will be i addressed later on in this analysis under "Offender Traits and Characteristics." MEDICAL EXAMINATION i As stated earlier, the medical examinations conducted at that time werenot very thorough whencompared to autopsy examinations conducted today by experienced forensic . pathologists. However, evenin some parts of the United states today, autopsy examinations are something less than desired. The primary areas noted in this analysis were as follows:
i l. No evidence of sexual assault. ' 2. Subject killed victims swiftly.
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3. Subject was able to maintain control of . victims during the initial "blitz style" of attack. - 4. Subject removedbody organs i.e., kidney, vagina, nose!on someof the victims, indicating some anatomical knowledge. 5. No evidence of physical torture prior to death.
. 6. Postmortem- . mutilation. 7. Possible manual strangulation. 8." Blood from victims was concentrated in small areas. _ » 9. Rings weretaken fromone of the victims. p 10. The last victim was killed indoors and was the most mutilated. Subject spent a considerable amount of time at the scene. ll. Time of death was in the early morning hours. The above listedautopsy findingswill contribute to the overall offender analysisthat will be addressed lateron in this report. CRIME ANDCRIME SCENEANALYSIS with the exception of the last case, all victims were killed outdoors. All victims were killed swiftly, with the victims consequentlyreceiving postmortemmutilation. All homicides occurredwithin one fourthof a mile fromeach other and occurredeither onFriday, Saturday,or Sunday during early morning hours.After thefirst homicideat WhitechapelStation, the subjectmoved slightlyacross town one fourth ofa mile!. If a line is drawn from crimescenes 2,3, 4, and 5,a triangular configurationis formed. This is observed in other types of serial crimes. This triangular configurationis viewed as a - secondarycomfort zonefor the Ripper. This movement is caused when subjecta believesthat the investigationis heating up in his primarycomfort zone.The primarycomfort zonewould bethe location ofthe first homicide in the vicinity of Whitechapel station. It is the opinion ofthis crimeanalyst thatthere were other attacksin the Whitechapelarea that either wentunreported or for some reasonwere notconsidered byauthorities to be crimes of Jack the Ripper.
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Some criminologists and behavioral scientists have written in the past that subjects will maintain their modus operandi and that is what links so called "signature crimes." This conclusion is incorrect. A subject will change his modus operandi as he gains additional experience. This is learned behavior. However,the personaldesires andneeds ofthe subject are expressed in the ritual aspect of a crime. The ritual is something that he must always do because it is the acting out of the fantasy. With Jack the Ripper, the target selection, the approach, the method of his initial attack, are his modus operandi. What takes place after this is the ritual. The ritual may becomemore elaborate as*was in the last homicide case. Here, the Ripper had time to act out his fantasies. As investigators, we should notnecessarily expectthe sametype of homicides in the future, particularly if subsequent victims are killed outdoors. Once again,he wouldnot havethe time to carry out all of his fantasies and consequently mutilation will not be as advanced.
COMMUNIQUES ALLEGEDLYRECEIVED FROMTHE RIPPER Another aspect of this case worth mentioning was the comuniques allegedlyreceived fromJack theRipper. It is quite rare when a serial murderer of this type communicates with police, media,family, etc. When theydo communicate,they generally providespecifics relative to the crime that only are known bythe subject. ,In addition, they generally provide information relative to their motivation for committing sucha heinous crime. It is my opinion that this series of homicides was not perpetrated by someone whoset up a challenge against law enforcement. Whilethe killer knew hewould bereceiving national as well as international publicity, this was not his ' primary motivation. In summary,I would not put emphasis onthe communiques during this investigation. However, I would develop an investigative techniquewith the goal in mind to identify the author of the communiques. , OFFENDER 'I RAITSAND CHARACTERISTICS These homicidesare referredto as Lust Murders.Roy Hazelwood andI wrote an article several yearsago whichappeared in the FBI'sEnforcement Law Bulletin. The word"lust" does nor mean loveor have any sexual meaning, other than the fact that the subject attacks the genital areas of his victims. The vaginal areaand breasts arethe focal point of attack in a woman and the penis and scrotum are the attack area of the male offender. Generally, males whoare attacked in this fashion are victims that were involvedin a homosexualrelationship.
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I have never experienced a female serial lust murderer either in research or in cases received at the NCAVC.It is for this reason that Jack the Ripper was a male. He was of white race in view of the fact that white was the predominant raceat the crime scene locations, and generally crimes such as these are intraracial. . . The age of onset for these types of homicides generally betweenthe mid to late 20's. Basedupon the is degree ofpsychopathology exhibitedat the scene, the abilityhigh of the subject to converse with the victim until a suitable location is found, and the ability to avoid detection, places him between the age bracket of 38 to 36 years of age. However,it should be noted that age is a difficult characteristic to categorize and consequently wewould noteliminate a viable suspect exclusively because of age. * - This offender does not look out of the ordinary. However, the clothing he wears at the time of the assaults is not his everydaydress. He wants to project to unsuspecting females prostitutes! that he has money;consequently this relieves him from initiating contact. He comesfrom a family where he was raised by a domineering motherand weak,passive and/or absent father. In all likelihood, his mother drank heavily andenjoyed thecompany of many men. As a result, he failed to receive consistent care and contactwith stable adult role models. Consequently,he became detachedsocially and developed adiminished emotional response towardshis fellow man. Hebecame asocial,preferring to be alone. His anger becameinternalized and in his younger years, he expressed hispent-up destructiveemotions bysetting fires and torturing small animals. Byperpetrating theseacts, he discoveredincreased areasof dominance,power andcontrol, and learned how to continue violent destructive acts without detection or punishment. As he grew older, his fantasy developed astrong component that included domination, cruelty, and mutilation of women. We would expect to find evidence of this violent destructive fantasy life through personal writings of his as well as drawings of women being mutilated. For employment,he would seek a position where he could work alone and vicariously experience his destructive fantasies. such employmentwould include work as a butcher, mortician's helper, medical examiner's assistant,or hospital attendant. He is employedMonday throughFriday andon Fridaynight, Saturday, and Sundayis off from work. He hascarried a knife for defense purposes--justin case he wasever attacked,he wouldbe ready.
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other womenwho confronted Jack the Ripper and were not assaulted because the location was not secure enough.
' Post~offense behavior would- include returning to an area wherehe could wash his hands of blood and remove his clothing. We would not expect him to inject himself into the police investigation or provide bogus information. ' Jack the Ripper hunted nightly for his victims. when he could not find another, he returned to the locations where he killed his previous victims. If the victims wereburied locally, he wouldvisit the gravesites ofhis victims during theearly morning hoursfor the purpose of reliving his lust murders. Jack the Ripper would not have committed suicide after the last homicide. Generally, when crimessuch asthese cease, it is because hecame closeto being identified, was interviewed by police, or was arrested for some othertype of offense. As stated previously in this report, we would be surprised if Jack the Ripperwould suddenlystop. However,we've this seen happen before and generally it has been because of the above stated reasons. V ' INVESTIGATIVE ANDZORPROSECUTIVE TECHNIQUES Jack the Ripper would be best suited to be interviewed during the early morninghours. He would feel more relaxedand secure to confess to the homicides. He would feel more relaxed to expresshimself bywriting abouthis motivationfor killing the women.He wouldnot bevisibly shakenor upset if directly accused ofthe homicides.However, hewould bepsychologically and physiologically stressed if confronted with the fact that he became personallysoiled bythe victims blood. Jack the Ripper believed the homicides were justified perishable items--who were like garbage.and he was only removing This analysis was preparedfor the exclusive use of Cosgrove Meurer Productions,Inc. Any reproduction or use of this analysis for publication must havethe written consent of SSA John E. Douglas.
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