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Jable of Contents ROAD SECTORINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT(RSISTAP) Public Disclosure Authorized REVIEWAND UPDATE FOR THE FEASIBILITYSTUDY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN OF KARUMA - PAKWACH - ARUA ROAD Draft Final Feasibility Study Report E-265 VOL. 2 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Resettlement Impact Assessment Volume 2A: - Supplementary Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized This volume is an Addendum to the second volume of a set of four volumes. The other volumes are: - Volume 1 Main Text Volume 3 Appendices Volume 4 Preliminary Engineering Drawings Public Disclosure Authorized Roughton Intematronal In assoc,aron with U-Group Consult Table of Contents ROAD SECTORINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT(RSISTAP) REVIEWAND UPDATE FOR THE FEASIBILITYSTUDY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN OF KARUMA - PAKWACH - ARUA ROAD Draft Final Report Environmental and Resettlement Impact Assessment Volume 2A: - Supplementary Social Impact Assessment Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Background Infornmation.................................................................. 1-2 1.1 Introduction................................................................... 1-2 1.2 Objectives and Use of Social Assessments .................................................................. 1-2 1.3 Methodology and Approach .................................................................. 1-2 2. Project Description.................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Project Aim .................................................................. 2-1 2.2 The Existing Road .................................................................. 2-1 2.3 Altemative Alignment in Area of Murchison Falls National Park..................................... 2-2 2.4 Rehabilitation Works ................................................................ 2-2 2.4.1 Road Widening and Earthworks.................................................................. 2-2 2.4.2 Drainage Improvements ..................... ............................................. 2-3 2.4.3 Pavement Construction .......................... ......................................... 2-3 2.4.4 Road Safety................................................................... 2-3 2.4.5 Programme for Execution of the Works ................................................................. 2-3 3. CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ............................................................ 3-1 3.1 Overview ................................................................... 3-1 3.2 The Project Area .............. ............................................. 3-1 3.3 Population Characteristics................................................................. 3-1 3.4 Settlement and Housing ................................................................ 3-2 3.5 Energy and Domestic Water Sources ................................................................. 3-2 3.6 Transport and Communication................................................................ 3-2 3.7 Heath ............ .................................................... 3- 3 3.8 Education and Literacy................................................................ 3 3 3.9 Land Tenure................................................................ 3 4 3.10 Land Use ................................................................ 3 4 3.11 Sources of Income and Employment ............................................................ ..... 4 3.12 Social Organization ................................................................. 3.13 Areas of Socio-cultural Importance. ................................................................. 3.14 Agencies with Interests in the Project ................................................................. E.i 4. THE CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ................................................... 4.1 Overview ............................................................. 4.2 Effects on the Local Community/Families ................................................................. 4.3 Effects on Women ........................................................ 4.4 Effects on Refugees ................................... ................................. 4.5 Effects on Private Companies.................................................................. .4 4.6 Effects on Urban Areas ................................................................... 5. Mitigation Measures ............ .................. ... ................................... 5. 5.1 Overview. 5.2 Land Take 5.2.1 Permanent Land Take .......................................................... 5.2.2 Temporary land take ......................................................................................... Roughton International In associaton with U-Group Consult Table of Contents 5.2.3 Compensation procedure and considerations..... ....................................................5-1 5.3 Construction Traffic and Road Detours .................................................................. 5-1 5.4 Traffic (Road) Safety and Nuisance ...... ................................................ ................... -.. 5-2 5.5 Loss of Business Opportunities by Women ................................ 5-2 5.6 Scarcfty of Fuelwood .................................................................. 5-2 5.7 Proliferation of Diseases.................................................................. 5-3 5.8 Possible Food Shortages.................................................................. 5-3 Appendices 1 People Consulted During The Study 2 Rates of Compensation List of Tables Table 2-1 Quantities of Construction Matenals.................................................... 2-4 Table 3-1 Population Numbers and Density ........................... ......................... 3-1 Table 3-2 Other Important Demographic factors in the Project Area .............. ...............3-1 Roughton Intemational In associatyon with U-Group Consult Executive Summaly Executive Summary E. Introduction ThisSocial Impact Assessment (SA) Report (Volume 2 A) wasprepared as a SupplementaryReport to the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report (Volume 2) in orderto allowmore detailed consideration ofsocial issues and stakeholder participation inthe designof the project. E.2 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment i) Sourcesof Incomeand Employment The mainsource of householdlivelihood in the projectarea is predominantlysubsistance farming. An averageof 80% of the total householdsgrow variouscrops on small-holdingsusing rudimentary methodsand relyingon family labourespecially women and children. No soil enhancementpractices suchas applicationof fertilizersare usedto improveproductivity per unHt area. Incomefrom activities such as petty trading and formal employmenttypically just augmentthe assuredincome from subsistencefarmning. The projectarea is potentiallya highly productiveagricultural region, which will benefitfrom the upgradedroad. It will becomeworthwhile for farmersto investin traditionalagricufture cash-crops that they were previouslyunable to sell. For example,it will becomeeasier to transportcotton and other agriculturalproducts to Kampalaand Jinja . In addRtionit will becomeeasierto transportmanufactured goods from those towns to the project area. Transportand vehicle maintenancecosts will reduce becauseof improvedroad surface and reductionin the time taken to completea joumey. Becauseof reductionsin vehicleoperating costs createdby improvedroads, the price of goods into the regionfrom elsewherein the countryshould reduceas shouldthe cost of passengertransport. The likely resulting improvementto feederroads will spreadthis effect into areassome distancefrom the projectroad. Improvementto the roadwill greatlyimprove access and trade to hithertoremote and less developed parts of the West Nile region and in particularfarmers will have improvedaccess to markets. Basic commoditiessuch as paraffin,washing soap and salt will become more readily availableand small businessesare morelikely to prosper. ii) Health Each of the districts in the project area has at least one govemmentrun hospital,which is usually supported,by missionhospitals, such as KuluvaHospital in Arua. MulagoHospital is the best equipped referral hospitalbut is about 500 km from Arua and 325 km form Gulu. Very few peoplein the prolec area are able to utilise Mulago Hospital at presentdue to existinghigh trans,portcosts and pocr bus services. The most commondiseases in the study area malaria(40%), respiratoryinfections (34%), diarrhoea diseases(8%) and intestinalworms (7%). The Aids pandemicis also rampant. The current level of Aids awarenessis estimatedat over 60% of the total population. iii) Educationand Literacy Literacy levels in the three districts of the project area are still low. The lowest literacylevels Orelng associatedwith femalesand rural areas. In Nebbi for example,only 32% of all the populationaged I O years and above can read and write. However,with the current UniversalPrimary Education (,-PE Programsupported by the govemment,the rate of Iteracy is expectedto increase. With imp(ove accessibility(when the projectroad is upgraded)and increasedIteracy due to the UPE Program -e numberof unemployedyouth is expectedto decrease. iv) Effectson Womenand Households As a specialgroup, women will be affectedin a numberof ways, by the proposedroad upgrading positiveimpacts will be of mediumto long-termduration, since they are all