CONTENTS
MSI TDR ISSN: 2149 - 2414
ISSUE: 27 SEPTEMBER 2016 / 09
EDITORIAL Publisher & Executive Editor Ümit BAYRAKTAR [email protected] General Coordinator Naile BAYRAKTAR [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Dr. K. Burak CODUR [email protected] Coordinator, Business Development Şebnem ASİL [email protected] Coordinator, International Relations Birol TEKİNCE [email protected] Editor, Strategy & Development EDITORIAL COMMENT M. Emre YAZICI [email protected] 05 A New Period with Russia in Defence? News Desk [email protected] Reporter Vehbi TUNCA DEFENCE NEWS [email protected] Reporter n Ali Fidan Appointed as Undersecretary Özgür Deniz KAYA 06 [email protected] of the Ministry of National Defence Art Director Şebnem AKGÖL KARA [email protected] n BMC Plans to Establish a New Joint Venture Company Managing Editor Ferda BAYRAKTAR n Appointments and Personnel Changes at the [email protected] ADVISORY BOARD Ministry of National Defence Prof. Dr. Süleyman TOLUN Prof. Dr. Adil YÜKSELEN n Another Signature by FNSS in the Middle East Prof. Dr. Okan ADDEMİR Prof. Dr. Zahit MECİTOĞLU Prof. Dr. Mikdat KADIOĞLU n Tender Issued for Deep Sea Tugboat Prof. Dr. Gonca COŞKUN Prof. Dr. Yıldırım SALDIRANER n Length of Service for Officers Reduced to 28 Years Asst. Prof. Burak ÇINAR Asst. Prof. Dr. Ş. Hakan ATAPEK n Jump-Start for the DETTA Project Military Advisor Brigadier General (R) Hüsamettin ESEN n FNSS Tells its 25-Year Story International Relations Advisor Dr. Savaş BİÇER n Boost Given to Support GLOBAL SATSHOW Legal Advisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Hakan KIZILARSLAN n Otokar Submits Final Proposal for ALTAY Serial Production Military Science & Intelligence (MSI) Turkish Defence Review (TDR) n HAVELSAN Hosts Brigadier General El-Ghanim, Yerel Süreli Yayın Qatar’s Chief of General Staff UMSA Ltd. Şti. Adına Sahibi ÜMİT BAYRAKTAR n ANTENSAN to Modernise the VLF Bafa Station Mutlukent Mah. Angora Cad. No: 184/27 Beysukent Çankaya Ankara TURKEY n Phone: +90 312 225 41 73 - Fax: +90 312 225 41 74 Minister Özlü Announced the most Entrepreneurial Translation Services and Innovative Universities Nova Translation Ltd. Tepe Prime A Blok A 26 Eskişehir Yolu 9. km Çankaya Ankara TURKEY n Industry Cooperation Days Continues at Teknopark Istanbul Phone: +90 312 428 04 84 Printing n STM Published a Report on Additive Mavi Ofset Basım Yayın Tic. San. Ltd. Şti. İ.O.S.B. Süleyman Demirel Bul. Sinpaş Modern İş Merkezi Manufacturing Technologies B Blok No: 22-23 Başakşehir İstanbul TURKEY Phone: +90 212 549 25 30 - Web: www.maviofset.com n The A400M Adds Ability to Operate on Sand Strips to Military Science & Intelligence (MSI) Turkish Defence Review is published by UMSA Co. Ltd. in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Turkey. its List of Skills The name and publishing rights of MSI Turkish Defence Review are the sole property of UMSA Co. Ltd. All rights are reserved related to photographs, maps, illustrations and images. References and citations may be made on the condition that the original source is appropriately cited. Responsibility for the published articles belongs to their authors, SPECIAL COVERAGE while responsibility for the advertisements belongs to the owners. The opinions or claims made in the articles and 20 A Proud Day for STM: advertisements do not necessarily represent the views of UMSA Co. Ltd. or MSI Turkish Defence Review. Pakistan’s Fleet Tanker is Launched INTERVIEW ADVERTISERS Chairman of the Board at OSTİM 24 FNSS Back Cover Orhan AYDIN OTOKAR Inside Front Cover SSI Inside Back Cover SPECIAL COVERAGE MSI TDR First Page 32 HÜRKUŞ Celebrates New Certificate at Home AYESAŞ 29 FNSS 27
INTERVIEW High-Tech Port by MÜSİAD 19 IC Terra 13 40 General Manager of ESNAD Defense Systems Inc. ICDDA 2016 67 Böke ŞAHİN Katmerciler 15 Land System Seminar 2016 55 ANALYSIS Netvizyon 37 The F-35A Takes its First Step 50 Nurol Makina 7 Öztiryakiler 9 ADVERTORIAL ROKETSAN 11 52 Yusuf Öztiryaki, Chairman of the Board, Öztiryakiler: SAAB 4 “Container Systems are one of the instruments made Samsun Yurt Savunma 35 globalisation possible” Sarsılmaz 17 SASAD 65
ANALYSIS Yaltes 31 Yonca Onuk JV 49 56 An Examination of Terror Attacks from
an Engineering Perspective: Anova 6 From the Suicide Bombing at the Intersection Ayyazılım 43 near Ankara Railway Station on October 10, 2015 BİTES 45 to the Coup Attempt on July 15, 2016 Onuk - BG 68 OSSA 21 EVENTS Sempro Danışmanlık 47 66 Afghan Independence Day Celebrated TSS News 54 with High-Ranking Guests TTAF Savunma 8 MSI MSI EDITORIAL COMMENT
A New Period with Russia in Defence? uring President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit to Russia on can’t spend our financial resources. What we need to do is to work August 9, the fact that the delegation accompanying the systematically, and become team players who can pass the ball to DPresident included Prof. Dr. İsmail Demir, the Undersecretary each other even when they have their eyes shut...” for Defence Industries, has led to various comments and speculation In particular, we should pay attention to the sentence: “Our problem regarding defence and aerospace relations between Turkey and is that we can’t spend our financial resources” Russia. The first project that came to mind in this context was of course the Long-Range Air and Missile Defence System project. A New Model for Export However, it should be remembered that the Russian solution had There is another development from the beginning of July we would been ruled out long before the aircraft crisis on November 24, 2015, like to mention, one that we were not able to share with our readers that derailed relations between the two countries. earlier since it has somewhat lost its priority and urgency next to Prof. Dr. Demir’s presence in the delegation could thus be interpreted the other issues on the agenda: The change in the organisational as a sign of a new - yet still somewhat distant - period on the Russian structure of ThalesRaytheonSystems, a joint venture by Thales front in the area of defence and aerospace, where there has been and Raytheon. Within the framework of this new structure, little action for a long while even before the aircraft crisis. However, ThalesRaytheonSystems will solely and exclusively focus on the air it is important to remember that projects in the area of defence command and control systems that will meet NATO’s and NATO and aerospace are, by nature, long-term. As Turkey is a country countries’ air defence requirements against aerial threats, including that wants to develop its own indigenous industry, the option for ballistic missiles. direct procurement from abroad of defence materiel - which can be We believe that this structure can also serve as a model for the concluded in a relatively short time - has taken a backseat for a long Turkish defence and aerospace industry companies seeking to while, and is generally avoided unless absolutely necessary. achieve their export targets. It certainly could be worthwhile for By comparison, project models based on joint development have been Turkish companies aiming to increase their exports to consider this more at the forefront; although with these models, it is usually not model of establishing partnerships or joint venture companies, within possible to obtain results in a very short period of time. the frame of international relations, in order to meet the needs of For this reason, it is best to wait and see before becoming too NATO and its member countries. We believe that NATO could, as a optimistic regarding the future of defence and aerospace relations common denominator, serve for establishing cooperation with foreign between Turkey and Russia, which has in the past been characterised companies, which usually collaborate with Turkish companies with by many ups and downs. However, we should also bear in mind that the intention of accessing the Turkish or Middle Eastern markets. international relations are always full of surprises. Working with such a model, may in fact serve as a test of sincerity for There is also another dimension to this subject that is being foreign companies, to see whether they really intend to establish real overlooked: The defence and aerospace cooperation between Turkey and long-term partnerships with the Turkish industry. and Ukraine, which in recent times have seen its brightest days. Given the poor relations between Russia and Ukraine, we shouldn’t Civilianisation of the MND ignore the fact that any developments on the Russian front may and the New Period in the TSKGV Management have repercussions on the defence cooperation between Turkey and The appointment of Ali Fidan as Undersecretary of the Ministry of Ukraine, which is currently enjoying a springtime. National Defence (MND), a post traditionally held by a lieutenant general, has led to comments regarding increasing civilianisation If Money is not an Issue... within the Ministry. A similar development was the civilianisation of Let us continue by citing a passage from the speech delivered by the management of the Turkish Armed Forces Foundation (TSKGV), Fikri Işık, the Minister of National Defence, on the occasion of the which harbors many companies that are the driving force of the HÜRKUŞ Type Certificate Ceremony. Turkish defence and aerospace industry. With the recent new “We have reached a ratio of 60 percent [in domestic participation]. appointments, the TSKGV Board of Trustees, presided over by Fikri We have also achieved a very serious increase in quality. However, Işık, the Minister of National Defence, has the following members: as a country located in such a region with many threats, we have to Deputy Chief of the Turkish General Staff General Ümit Dündar, increase this ratio to at least 80%, while also ensuring an increase Undersecretary of the Ministry of National Defence Ali Fidan and in quality. We certainly have the knowledge, human resources and Undersecretary for Defence Industries Prof. Dr. İsmail Demir. economic power to do this. Today, it is not funds that we need for the Time will tell how this development will affect the activities of the defence industry, since we have enough.” TSKGV as well as the industry. In his speech at the ceremony that included many important The upcoming period will see a rapid succession of prominent messages for the industry, Minister Işık noted that the obstacles industry-related events, the first one of which will be the third Ankara the industry faces at this point cannot be resolved through more Industrial Cooperation Days in Defence and Aerospace (ICDDA), held financing. He then once again drew attention to the matter of having between October 11 and 13. This event will be followed by the third a system. Land Systems Seminar (LSS) between November 7 and 8, and the “... At this point, there is full political support [behind these efforts], third High-Tech Port by MÜSİAD Istanbul between November 9 and 12, and no hesitation. In the defence industry, we don’t have any which will bring together the leading actors of the industry. Let us problems relating to financial resources. Our problem is that we conclude by sharing with our readers that we are continuing to make our preparations for these three events, which we will be following on-site, and to which we will be contributing as their ‘Official Publication.’ We hope to see you again in our October issue, in which we will share the most outstanding and significant developments from September.
Ümit Bayraktar Executive Editor
September 2016 - 5 MSI DEFENCE NEWS
Ali Fidan Appointed assigned as Deputy District Governor at the Kurşunlu district of Çankırı, and the Ulubey district of Uşak. Fidan later held the as Undersecretary following offices: of the Ministry of n 1997-1999: District Governor of Felahiye District, Kayseri n 1999-2001: District Governor of Yazıhan District, Malatya National Defence n 2001-2003: Deputy Governor of Malatya ursuant to the decision published in the n 2003-2007: Branch Office Director at the General POfficial Gazette number 29813 dated Directorate of Provincial Administration August 26, 2016, Ali Fidan, the Governor of Düzce, was appointed n 2007-2012: Department Head at the General Directorate as Undersecretary of the Ministry of National Defence. Ali Fidan Of Provincial Administration was born in 1970 in the Gerede District of Bolu. He completed n 2012-2013: Deputy General Director at the General his elementary and middle school education in Gerede, and Directorate Of Provincial Administration his high school education in Bolu in the year 1988. In 1992, n 2013-2015: Branch Office Director at the General he graduated from the Public Administration Department of Directorate of Provincial Administration İ stanbul University, Faculty of Political Sciences. For a brief Since March 9, 2015, Fidan has held the office of Governor of period of time, he worked as a Research Assistant at the Public Düzce. Fidan is currently continuing his Doctoral studies in the Administration Department of Abant İzzet Baysal University, Security Strategies and Management Department of the Turkish Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. In 1994, he National Police Academy, Institute of Security Sciences. Fidan began working as a local authority official and a district governor also has postgraduate degrees from İstanbul University and candidate at the Bolu Governorship. During his internship as a Portsmouth University in the United Kingdom. district governor candidate, he received language education for On behalf of the MSI Turkish Defence Review, we wish Ali Fidan a period of eight months in the United Kingdom. He was later every success in his new position.
BMC Plans to Establish a New Joint Venture Company ccording to the notification forwarded by BMC to the Turkish Competition Authority on August 11, BMC plans to establish Aa joint venture company with the Switzerland-based Rheinmetall International Holding AG, and the Malaysia-based Etika Strategi SDN BHD. The joint venture will be established as an incorporated company under the laws of the Republic of Turkey.
6 - September 2016
DEFENCE NEWS © MSI FNSS
Appointments and Personnel Changes at the Ministry of National Defence The Official Gazette number 29813, dated August 26, 2016, announced the decisions concerning new appointments at the Ministry of National Defence and personnel changes within the Ministry’s organisation. According to the decisions listed in the Official Gazette: n Yunus Emre Karaosmanoğlu, Deputy Undersecretary at the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, has been appointed as Deputy Undersecretary at the Ministry of National Defence. Another Signature by FNSS n Abdullah Yaldız, Chief Inspector at the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, has been appointed as the Head of in the Middle East the Supervisory Board at the Ministry of National Defence. NSS has signed a new contract valued at $76 million n Recep Kemal Akyürek, Head of the Support Services Fwith a country in the Middle East. While the company Department at the Ministry of Science, Industry and statement released on August 2 explained that the Technology, has been appointed as the Head of the Support contract was signed in July, it did not give any information Services Department at the Ministry of National Defence. about the relevant country, or about the scope or details Additionally, this issue of the Official Gazette also announced of the contract. The statement also shared figures the decision that the number of Deputy Undersecretaries at the regarding FNSS’ business volume in the Middle East and Undersecretariat for Defence Industries will be increased from foreign markets. The total value of the contracts signed four to five. by FNSS in the Middle East until now has exceeded $1.6 On behalf of MSI Turkish Defence Review, we wish Yunus Emre billion, while the total value of the company’s export Karaosmanoğlu, Abdullah Yaldız and Recep Kemal Akyürek contracts worldwide has exceeded $2.6 billion. every success in their new assignments.
8 - September 2016
MSI DEFENCE NEWS
Tender Issued for Length of Service for Deep Sea Tugboat Officers Reduced to 28 Years tender announcement n Intervene and he Supreme Military Council has once again convened Ahas been issued by respond to ship Ton August 23. The decisions taken during the meeting, the Undersecretariat for fires; which were announced by the Ministry of National Defence, Defence Industries (SSM) n Act as a target ship were listed as follows: on August 22 for the during torpedo firing n The number of colonel posts to be utilized Multi-Purpose Deep Sea practice, and collect by the Turkish Armed Forces between Tugboat Procurement torpedoes from sea; August 30, 2016, and August 29, 2017, Project. The project n Carry out was determined. involves the procurement maintenance, n In order to gradually reduce the number of of three Multi-Purpose handling and repair higher-ranking officers, the total length of service Deep Sea Tugboats that activities for buoys; for military officers has been reduced to 28 years as will: and of August 30, 2016. n Tow ships in deep n Act as a diving n Among the 1020 colonels who have joined the Armed seas that are unable support platform in Forces in 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988, the length to navigate by their diving missions. of service for 434 colonels has been extended own means for Only shipyards by two years as of August 30, 2016. These colonels reasons such as fire, operating in Turkey include 372 from the Land Forces Command, collision, grounding will be able to bid 27 from the Naval Forces Command, and 35 from the or malfunction; in this tender. Air Force Command. n Tow ships that have The Request for n A total of 586 colonels, including 470 from the been damaged during Proposal Documents Land Forces Command, 71 from the Naval Forces combat in deep seas; can be obtained Command, and 45 from the Air Force Command, n Tow targets for deep from the SSM until have been retired. sea firing practice; September 6. Other issues pertaining to the Turkish Armed Forces were also discussed during the meeting. © ONUR A.Ş.
with the participation of officials from the SSM, the Naval Forces Jump-Start for the DETTA Project Command and the ONUR A.Ş. project team. ollowing the start of contract negotiations with ONUR A.Ş. in Within the scope of the DETTA Project, ONUR A.Ş. will design, Faccordance with the decision taken by the Defence Industry develop and install a sound, data, image and messaging system Executive Committee (SSİK) in its March 9 meeting, the Marine for the Naval Forces Command that is compatible with the Tactical Radio Network (DETTA) Project has gained pace concept of network enabled capability. A total of seven DETTA during the month of August. With the completion of contract terminals will be procured during the project. The project will negotiations, project activities effectively began on August 1. also involve the design of a terminal structure that allows the The Project Kick-Off Meeting was held on August 24 at the establishment of an IP-based network by using HF, VHF, UHF premises of the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM), and SHF communication media.
10 - September 2016
MSI DEFENCE NEWS
FNSS Tells its 25-Year Story © FNSS NSS, Turkey’s first private defence industry company, has published a prestigious book entitled, F“The Story of 25 Years,” which recounts the company’s first quarter of a century since it began its journey back in 1988. The book, which describes FNSS’ first 25 years by taking its readers on a journey through time, was prepared with the support and contributions of the companies’ partners, former and new executive board members, industry stakeholders, and former and current employees. In a press statement released on August 4 announcing the launch of the book, FNSS emphasised that the company was established shortly after the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) commenced its activities. Therefore, FNSS’ first 25 years can be seen as a story of the birth and development of the modern Turkish defence industry itself. The book, which includes the memories of FNSS employees, consists of 460 pages and has 400 photographs. In this work, FNSS also shares its vision for the future of the industry.“The Story of 25 Years,” the printing of which was completed in June, will not be sold; instead, copies of the prestigious book will be distributed to the stakeholders within the industry. For those outside the sector who are interested in the defence industry, FNSS will organise knowledge quizzes through its social media accounts, the prizes for which will copies of the “Story of 25 Years”. The English version of the book is currently in development.
Boost Given to Support GLOBAL SATSHOW he Second GLOBAL SATSHOW, which will be organised in İstanbul this year, is being conducted with the support of two Timportant organisations, namely the Global VSAT Forum (GVF) and The Society of Satellite Professionals International (SSPI). In a statement concerning the event, Medyacity, the event’s organiser, shared an assessments by Hakan Kurt, the CEO of Medyacity, concerning this development: “The official support given by GVF and SSPI to the GLOBAL SATSHOW is an indication that, owing to its economy, solid financial structure, and its historical and demographic force, Turkey will continue to retain its key position in the present-day world.” This event - which will be held between November 29 and 30 - is expected to attract more than 200 participating companies, to feature more than 5,000 m2 of stand area, and to enable the display of products and projects. It is also anticipated that more than 10,000 professionals from 50 countries will be visiting the event.
Otokar Submits Final Proposal for ALTAY Serial Production aving previously worked on the development and planning the production lines for the serial production phase. Hqualification of the ALTAY main battle tank, Otokar has We have also received from the Ministry of National Defence the submitted to the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries necessary Production Permit for main battle tank production. (SSM) its final offer concerning the tank’s serial production We have completed our production plan so that the first tanks phase, which represents the next stage of the project. The will come off the production line as soon as possible after the statement released by the company on August 29 explains that signing of the contract. In addition to the manufacturing of the offer was submitted following a request from the SSM. the 250 ALTAY tanks required by the Land Forces Command Otokar submitted its first offer for the tender in January, which over a five year period, we have also made plans for a suitable covered the production of 250 tanks along with the provision of yearly [production] capacity by taking into account the vehicle’s integrated logistic support for these tanks. Since then, Otokar export potential, as well as the potential requirement for has been holding various meetings with SSM and the end user variant and auxiliary vehicles, such as mine clearing, recovery authority, providing them with any additional information and and engineering tanks. We therefore aim to develop a flexible explanations that might be requested. production program capable of meeting any kind of demand Sharing his thoughts on the subject, Serdar Görgüç, the General from the SSM and from friendly and allied nations. Once serial Manager of Otokar, said: “We have already made the concept production begins, we believe that the ALTAY will see demand design and prototype production of the ALTAY tank, and are from different countries, and that the participation of friendly successfully continuing its tests. During this period, we have and allied nations into the project will help paving the way for also worked on meeting the infrastructure requirements and production opportunities in other regions.” © Otokar
12 - September 2016
MSI DEFENCE NEWS
HAVELSAN Hosts Brigadier General El-Ghanim, Qatar’s ©
Chief of General Staff HAVELSAN rigadier General Ghanim necessary infrastructure in Bbin Shaheen El-Ghanim, Qatar, and in the meantime Qatar’s Chief of General Staff, Qatari pilots will continue paid a visit to HAVELSAN their training at these During the month of August, signed by SSM will serve as a as part of his program in facilities. During his visit, there was also news of a new reference when working with Ankara during the month of Brigadier General El-Ghanim contract for HAVELSAN. The foreign customers. August. HAVELSAN, which met with Qatari instructors contract for the Electronic Yet more news from the is currently conducting the and pilots, and also made Warfare Test and Training month of August regarding AW139 Simulator Centre a flight on the Full Flight Range (EHTES) Logistic HAVELSAN concerns the Project for the training of Simulator. After this flight Support project (LDP) readiness for launch of the helicopter pilots of the Qatar session, Brigadier General was signed between the HAVELSAT. The HAVELSAT Air Force, had the opportunity El-Ghanim was presented Undersecretariat for Defence and BeEagleSat cube to show Brigadier General with a flight certificate and Industries and HAVELSAN on satellites, which were El-Ghanim the Full Mission brevet to commemorate this August 10. Within the scope designed and produced Simulator developed within flight. of the project, HAVELSAN will through joint studies between the scope of this project. Accompanied by Yüksel provide Performance-Based HAVELSAN and İstanbul In this project, HAVELSAN Öztekin, Chairman of Logistic Support (PBLS) for Technical University (İTÜ), has already completed the the Board of Directors at a period of five years to the have successfully passed deliveries for the Flight HAVELSAN; Taner Düvenci, Konya Firing Range, the their pre-launch tests. These and Navigation Procedures Deputy Chairman of the Tersakan Firing Range and satellites were developed Trainer, the Cabin Team Board of Directors at the 3rd Main Jet Base. With as part of the European Training Simulator, the HAVELSAN; and Ahmet its turn-key PDLD design, the Union’s QB50 project, and Debriefing System and the Hamdi Atalay, HAVELSAN EHTES LDP will represent a will be launched to the US Tactical Control Centre. The General Manager and CEO, first for the Turkish Defence International Space Station. Full Mission Simulator, on Brigadier General El-Ghanim Industry. The satellites will then be the other hand, will be kept at inspected the company’s Following its design by released in space using HAVELSAN’s Ankara facilities Cyber Defence Technologies HAVELSAN and delivery the space station’s special until the completion of the Centre. to the Turkish Air Force in launchers. The launch is 1998, the EHTES’ operation, expected to take place in the management and update last quarter of the year. In a (including the integration statement released on August of new threat systems) 22 regarding the subject, was being carried out by HAVELSAN explained that the HAVELSAN until 2013. In a project gave the company the statement on the subject, opportunity to acquire new HAVELSAN reminded that capabilities in the areas of the company has established Mission Computer Software, © electronic warfare ranges Orientation Control Systems, HAVELSAN in Pakistan and the Korean Satellite Ground Control Republic, as well as a firing Stations, and that they plan range in Saudi Arabia, and to use these capabilities in that this latest contract indigenous satellite projects.
ANTENSAN to Modernise the VLF Bafa Station NTENSAN has recently awarded a contract by the enables combat and tactical image transfer in an area of AUndersecretariat for Defence Industries for the provision operations within its original range for national and of MSK-4 (four channel) capabilities to the VLF Bafa D/A (if allocated) for NATO Submarine Responseless Broadcasting Responseless Broadcasting Station in the inventory of the Station services. Additionally, the relevant units in different Naval Forces Command. Contract negotiations for the project stations will also be modernised for the operation were conducted in accordance with the Defence Industry of the system. Executive Committee (SSIK) decisions taken during its March 9 In its statement concerning this subject, ANTENSAN meeting, and the contract itself was finally signed on July 28. emphasised that the company has international experience on By providing new capabilities to the station through the VLF combat stations - which enable submarines to perform updating of its computer hardware and software, combat broadcasts - and that the company has recently the project plans to modernise the facility in a way that performed the maintenance of the same station.
14 - September 2016
MSI DEFENCE NEWS © TÜBİTAK
6. Koç University Minister Özlü Announced 7. Gebze Technical University the most Entrepreneurial and 8. Özyeğin University 9. İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü Innovative Universities 10. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi he Entrepreneurial and Innovative University Index 2016 Among these universities, the top three ranking ones in Tprepared by TÜBİTAK, which ranks universities according each individual category are listed in Table 1. Five of these to their entrepreneurial and innovative performance, was universities, namely the Middle East Technical University, İhsan announced on August 23 by Faruk Özlü, the Minister of Science, Doğramacı Bilkent University, İstanbul Technical University, Industry and Technology, at a press conference organised at Gebze Technical University and Yıldız Technical University are TÜBİTAK. The index evaluates and ranks universities according involved in the Researcher Training Programme for the Defence to the following criteria: Industry (SAYP) conducted by the Undersecretariat for Defence n Scientific and technological research competence, Industries. n Intellectual property pool, At the press conference, Minister Özlü shared the following n Cooperation and interaction, thoughts concerning the index: “This index, which was first n Entrepreneurship and Innovation culture, and started five years ago, has today become a ranking that is n Economic contribution and commercialisation eagerly-awaited by the public, and particularly by universities According to the total scores in all categories, the top 10 and students. I must emphasise that this index does not universities were listed as follows: rank universities according to their quality of education, 1. Sabancı University nor does it show which university is the most succesful. 2. Middle East Technical University This index only takes into account the entrepreneurial and 3. İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University innovative performances of universities. Nowadays, being 4. İstanbul Technical University entrepreneurial and innovative is not a matter of choice for 5. Boğaziçi University universities, but rather an obligation. By announcing this index, we are encouraging our universities to do more in these areas. We thus give each university the means to compare their current situation with other universities. It basically holds a mirror to our universities, allowing them to see what they are doing, right and wrong, when it comes to entrepreneurship and innovation. Looking at the rankings of previous years, we can see that all universities that consistently take the right steps eventually make their way into this index.” Minister Özlü also stressed that entrepreneurship and innovation are among the most vital issues on Turkey’s agenda. “With regards to reinforcing the spirit of entrepreneurship and a culture of innovation [in Turkey], universities are the institutions we trust the most. Our goal is to make sure that universities cooperate more with our country’s industry. Universities must keep their doors open to industrialists, and industrialists must do the same for universities. Universities must create the knowledge that industry needs, while industry must consult with universities when trying to overcome problems. Academics should be involved in the industry. As a matter of fact, academics will not be able to produce knowledge that benefits the economy and society simply by working in their classrooms and laboratories” said Özlü.
16 - September 2016
MSI DEFENCE NEWS
Industry Cooperation Days STM Published Continues at Teknopark a Report on İstanbul Additive aving organised the Industry Cooperation Days with the Manufacturing Haim of enhancing cooperation and communication between the 140 companies it hosts, Teknopark İstanbul continued Technologies holding this event with two new meetings in August. The first n August 11, STM meeting relating to the maritime sector was held on August 2, Opublished its Industry and was attended by Artı Engineering, Bronswerk, DEARSAN Assessment Report on such as the Turkish Fighter Ar-Ge, GDS Mühendislik, Kuasar Marine, Matesis, MİLPER, Additive Manufacturing Development (T-FX) project, Novaves, OBSS, Orka, Sadtek, SEFT, Soyaslan and YALTES, Technologies and Aviation the Indigenous Helicopter as well as the Turkish Lloyd. At the meeting, the Maritime Applications. In his preface project, and the projects Cluster, which is being planned with contributions from the to the report, Davut Yılmaz, on engine, landing gear Teknopark İstanbul Technology Transfer Office (TTO), was one the General Manager of STM, and rocket development. of the most important items on the agenda. It is planned that emphasised the importance Deciding to employ additive the cluster will be financed through the Ministry of Economy’s of additive manufacturing manufacturing technologies Programme for Strengthening Industry Competition (HİSER). for Turkey with the following at the early stages of design The second meeting was organised in August 16 and focused words: “We believe that in will allow projects to benefit on defence. This meeting was attended by Türbin Ar-Ge, TAI, our country, metal layered from the advantages of this SEFT, SDM, ROKETSAN, Rotorbit, Orka, Novaces, MİLPER, manufacturing technology technology.” Mesh, Motek, Kuasar Marine, Heksagon, Gelişim Park, Gds, could be considered for The report can be accessed Fennet, Era Savunma, EnginSoft, Electra IC, Delta Marine, projects conducted by from the following address: CTECH and ASELSAN. At the meeting, companies had the the Undersecretariat for www.stm.com.tr/img/ opportunity to share information about their technological Defence Industries (SSM), doc_1470924936.pdf competencies, and also about their search for project partners and suppliers. In the upcoming period, Teknopark İstanbul envisages that the TTO will pursue tangible opportunities for cooperation, and provide special services to ensure that these meeting yield Airbus DS results. © In its statement concerning the meetings, Teknopark İstanbul provided information about the defence, aerospace and maritime sector projects conducted by its member companies: n CTECH is developing a telemetry system for the TÜRKSAT-6A satellite, and a modem (a satellite communication terminal) for the satellite communication system to be used in the ANKA-S Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. n Motek is working on projects involving the development and production of high power and high torque miniature electric engines, used for granting mobility to ammunition The A400M Adds Ability and precision guidance kits. n Delta Marine is providing detail design services in the to Operate on Sand Strips to Landing Platform Dock (LPD) Project as the sub-contractor of Navantia, the company which owns the main design. its List of Skills n MİLPER has completed its project on the Production of he statement released by Airbus Defence and Space on Indigenous Fixed-Pitch and Variable-Pitch Propellors TAugust 24 announced that the A400M has successfully as well as Shafts for Naval Vehicles. The product produced passed its operational tests on sand runways. These within the scope of the project has passed all certification tests were performed with the aircraft number MSN2 processes, receiving classification from the Turkish Lloyd, on a special 1,600 m runway built at Woodbridge, United and being offered to the use of both the military and Kingdom. The tests began in August and lasted for three civilian naval industries. months. Throughout these tests, the MSN2 performed taxi n Rotorbit is taking part in the design of a “Controller with manoeuvres and U-turns, and also executed a number of Advanced Warning Capability for Pilots, and Development take-offs and landings. In the last week of the tests, the of an Analysis Procedure and a Device for Assessing weight of the aircraft was increased gradually for each Handling Qualities”for the TAI’s Rotary Wing Technology flight. Following the tests carried out on earth and grass Center . runways, the sand runway tests represented the third and n Altınay is involved in various projects on unmanned final runway test campaign for the A400M performed on aerial vehicles, military battery and cell management unpaved runways. The A400M has thus demonstrated its systems, and mobility systems. versatile tactical capabilities once again.
18 - September 2016
MSI SPECIAL COVER
A Proud Day for STM: Pakistan’s Fleet Tanker is Launched Unless otherwise stated, all photographs: In the Pakistan Navy Fleet Tanker Procurement Project, he Fleet Tanker Pro- curement Project, for where STM (STM Defense Technologies Engineering and Twhich the contract was Trade Inc.) is the prime contractor, the most important signed on January 22, 2013, and the steel cutting cere- milestone before delivery has been achieved. mony was held on Novem- The Fleet Tanker, which was built in the Karachi Shipyard, ber 27, 2013, is a ground- breaking project in many was launched on August 19, two months ahead respects for both Pakistan and Turkey. While the tank-
of schedule, with a ceremony held © er is Pakistan’s largest ship Prime Ministery of Pakistan on the occasion of the 70th Anniversary of in terms of its tonnage, ever Pakistan’s Independence Day. built in the country, the proj- ect also distinguishes itself K. Burak CODUR / [email protected] as being Turkey’s largest © STM
20 - September 2016 ever single naval platform Meanwhile, a significant export in terms of budget. number of Turkish compa- With this project, STM has nies were able to take part also become one of the com- in the Pakistan Fleet Tanker panies carrying out both the Project, largely owing to the design and modernisation industrialisation experience of naval platforms, despite STM has gained during the not having its own shipyard. MİLGEM project. This business model, which is becoming increasingly An Exemplary widespread in recent years, Project first attracted attention by The ceremony was attend- the next generation tanker ed by Nawaz Sharif, Prime ship project of Great Britain. Minister of Pakistan; Admi- Ships designed by a Brit- ral Muhammad Zakaullah, ish company are still under Chief of Naval Staff of the construction at a shipyard in Pakistan Navy; Prof. Dr. the Republic of Korea. İsmail Demir, Undersecre- Approximately 5,600 tons tary for Defence Industries; of sheet metal, 750 tons of Davut Yılmaz, General Man- profiles, 290 tons of welding ager of STM; members of rods, 25,000 metres of pipe, Pakistan Navy; STM employ- 15,000 metres of hydraulic ees and many senior guests. lines, 2,200 metres of air Rear Admiral (Upper Half) conditioning ducts, 10,000 Syed Hasan Nasir Shah, metres of cable channels, Managing Director of the Ka- 230,000 metres of electric rachi Shipyard, delivered the cables, 200 tons of paint and opening speech of the cere- 50 tons of insulation mate- mony. Rear Admiral (Upper rial were used during the Half) Shah announced that building and outfitting of the Karachi Shipyard was ready ship, which was construct- to take on new, larger scale ed at the Karachi Shipyard, projects and shared infor- based on the technical data mation about two develop- pack, materials, equipment ments in the shipyard: The and systems delivered by Karachi Shipyard will build STM to Pakistan. STM pro- four submarines in cooper- vided technical courses for ation with China, thus add- the officers, civil directors, ing modern submarines to engineers and workers of its construction capabilities. Karachi Shipyard, as part of In the context of the expect- the design training planned ed expansion in business for the project, and still con- volume, the construction of tinues to provide training for a ship lift and transfer sys- the Pakistan Navy personnel tem with a lifting capacity of on ship and ship systems re- 8,000 tons is currently un- pair and maintenance. derway at the shipyard.
September 2016 - 21 MSI SPECIAL COVER
Prof. Dr. Demir, Undersec- Production, first said that he attend the ceremony due to greetings, and good wish- retary for Defence Indus- was delivering the speech the terrorist attack in Elazığ. es of our President, Prime tries, who took the floor after on behalf of Fikri Işık, the He continued his speech Minister and Minister of Rana Tanveer Hussain, Pa- Turkish Minister of Nation- as follows: “I would like to Defence. The Fleet Tanker, kistan’s Minister of Defence al Defence, who could not convey the congratulations, which will accelerate coop-
Technical Specifications of the Fleet Tanker
STM Length 158.4 m © Width 22 m Draft 6.85 m Displacement 15,602 tons Maximum Speed 20 nautical miles per hour Cruising Speed 15 nautical miles per hour Cruising Range 10,000 nautical miles Crew 206 (can be increased up to 222 for short periods) Phalanx 20 mm point defence system; 12.7 mm machine guns; MASS (Multi Ammunition Softkill System) Combat Systems decoy system; IRST (Infra-Red Search and Track) and ESM (Electronic Warfare Support Measures) systems. MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) compatible double Design hull design. The ship’s classification is based on the military ship rules of BV (Bureau Veritas). During peacetime: • While cruising; carrying out the transfer of liquids, such as fuel and water, and hard cargo such as food and medicine to other units of the navy, • Conducting search and rescue (SAR) operations with the helicopter deployed on it, and • While cruising, providing medical support Specifications at to other elements of the navy. Times of Mission During wartime: • While cruising; carrying out the transfer of liquids such as fuel and water, and hard cargo such as food and medicine to other elements of the navy, and • Conducting Anti Submarine Warfare/ Surface Warfare with the helicopter deployed on it. Other Specifications Hospital infrastructure, helicopter pad and hangar
22 - September 2016 STM Continues at Full Pace The cooperation between STM and Pakistan will continue and increase even after the Fleet Tanker project is completed. Within the scope of the contract signed with the Pakistan Ministry of Defence Production, the half-life modernisation of one Agosta 90B class submarine in the inventory of Pakistan Navy will be carried out by STM. The modernisation project includes an option that covers the other two submarines, as well. Furthermore, to meet the needs of the Pakistan Navy, STM has been working for a long time on a corvette project similar to MİLGEM. Davut Yılmaz, General Manager of STM, commented on the progress made by STM and the future of their relations with Pakistan as follows: “In the past, foreign eration between our coun- fence and aerospace coop- companies used to make the designs and send the tries in the defence indus- eration between Turkey and materials, and we used to build our military ships at try, is a project in which we Pakistan. our own shipyards based on them; however, looking at can exchange our countries’ where we stand right now, we’re the ones making the capabilities through the The Start of a Long design and procuring the materials. This is extremely transfer of technology, and Term Cooperation important, since it shows the progress made by our which also enables us to cut The last speech of the cer- country in the field of engineering and technology. back on costs by engaging in emony was delivered by the We have seen another tangible demonstration of this joint production. The proj- Prime Minister of Pakistan progress two months ago when we won the submarine ect serves as an example to Nawaz Sharif, who said: modernisation tender, again in Pakistan. Now, I would many others we will carry “This project is an important like to share with you some more good news. We will out together in the future. I indication of our efforts to soon be announcing a very important achievement of would like to congratulate develop indigenous systems ours in the international arena that will greatly please STM and Karachi Shipyard and to engage in deeper our country.” for having made the biggest cooperation with Turkey, a contribution to this suc- brother country. Our coop- will be a symbol of the coop- only in ship building, but in cess.” Prof. Dr. Demir also eration with Turkish com- eration between Pakistan other areas as well. emphasised that the Fleet panies will continue and and Turkey.” Following the speeches, the Tanker will remain in ser- increase in the future, and Sharif stressed that they Fleet Tanker was launched vice in the next three-four we will build new ships in would like to increase the following the cutting of decades and that it will play Karachi Shipyard as a result defence and aerospace co- the ribbon by Prime Minister a significant role in the de- of this cooperation. This ship operations with Turkey not Sharif. STM ©
September 2016 - 23 MSI INTERVIEW
Orhan Aydın, Chairman of the Board at OSTİM: “ICDDA is neither a repetition of nor anything similar to any event held in Turkey” MSI TDR: What would you like to say about the support OSTİM is giving to OSSA? Orhan AYDIN: SMEs operating in the defence and aerospace industry are mainly concentrated in OSTİM, within our area. Over time, we realised that our companies are not sufficiently communicating and interacting with one another, and so we established OSSA. The cluster has helped foster a cohesion between its members, which in turn has increased communication and interaction. Thanks to OSSA we can see very clearly that we are in a much better position than we were be- fore. Although OSSA’s name includes the word OSTİM, OSSA has expanded far beyond OSTİM or even Ankara. Un- der the umbrella of OSSA, our compa- nies can discuss problems, talk about how they can do better, and how rela- tions with abroad can be developed. OSSA is not the only cluster in OSTİM; we have six in total. We are working to support these clusters so that they can improve their businesses, and will continue to do so in future. To make clusters work, you need a driving and The third Industrial Cooperation Days in Defense and supporting force. When we look around the world, we see that this driving force Aerospace, one of the most successful events held in may include municipalities, chambers recent years with the objective of increasing exports and of industry and commerce, public in- stitutions or development agencies. creating a business share for Small and At OSTİM, we didn’t have time to wait Medium-Scale Enterprises (SME), will be held in Ankara for a similar understanding or ap- proach to develop in Turkey; so we between October 11 and 13. With only a few months took matters into our own hand and to go to this event, which is jointly organised by OSTİM established OSSA, as well as other Defence and Aviation Cluster (OSSA) and BCI Aerospace, clusters, of our own. we interviewed Orhan Aydın, Chairman of the Board at MSI TDR: Can you share with us your OSTİM, and Hilal Ünal, Coordinator of OSSA, who shared thoughts about the development of the MSI TDR ICDDA?
© with us general information about the event and the Orhan AYDIN: The beginning of this latest situation with regard to preparations. event dates back to the times when the Mexican Model first came onto the Şebnem ASİL / [email protected] Turkish aviation industry’s agenda.
All photographs: Vehbi TUNCA / [email protected] At the time, it was said that ‘Mexico
24 - September 2016 Prof. Dr. İsmail Demir, the Undersecretary for Defence Industries, also gave a speech during the opening of ICDDA 2014. has an industrial zone that generates velopment of the Turkish defence and we are continuing to work and hold a business volume of $8 billion.’ The aerospace industry through the ICDDA meetings in order to ensure a higher idea of applying a similar model in Tur- and other activities. level of participation in our event by key was being discussed. So we, as the both local and foreign companies. OSTİM delegation, paid an inspection Emphasis on Homeland visit to this zone; however, we real- Security: MSI TDR: Can you give a rough idea ised that the structure of this zone was MSI TDR: Will there be any changes of what percentage of the Turkish hardly comparable to a cluster. Prox- or some new activities in this year’s defence and aerospace industry imity to the USA, NAFTA regulations Industrial Cooperation Days in Defence will participate in this event? that facilitate trade, and a cheap labor and Aerospace, ICDDA? Do you have a target for covering the force had created a unique structure. Hilal ÜNAL: As you already know, entire sector? During our inspection, we noticed that we are about to hold the third ICDDA Hilal ÜNAL: Nearly 90 percent of local an event similar to ICDDA was being event. Just as in 2013 and 2014, when prime contractor companies operating held there. Since we are all entre- the first and the second events were in the defence and aerospace industry preneurs, we realised the potential held, this year’s event will also last for are participating in our event. Further- advantage of such an event, and im- three days. On the first day, participat- more, companies providing services to mediately started working on organis- ing local and foreign prime contrac- the defence and aerospace industry in ing something similar over here. This tors will make presentations on the other areas, such as finance and soft- year, we’ll be holding this event for the theme of ‘How to be our subcontrac- ware will also be taking part in this third time. The participants, attendees, tor,’ and instructive conferences will year’s event. To enable our SMEs to and companies are all satisfied with it. also be held. On the second and third grow further and to make a name for The event is generating a value of its days, the participating companies will themselves in foreign markets, we are own. That is very clear. I would like to hold business to business (B2B) meet- doing our best to involve all the insti- say that we are very pleased with this ings at their stands. Unlike previous tutions and organisations associated event. If the event didn’t generate any years, one of the subjects to be cov- with the industry. value, we wouldn’t have been able to ered at this year’s ICDDA 2016 will be continue holding it. homeland security, with the support MSI TDR: In your view, why should a ICDDA’s position is different from all and contribution from the Turkish Na- subcontractor or an SME participate other organisations held in Turkey; tional Police (TNP). As such, we will in ICDDA? How would you list the it is neither a repetition of nor any- allow SMEs operating in the field of advantages offered by the event to thing similar to any other event held homeland security to come together such companies? in Turkey. It is an activity that has a with foreign companies, so that they Hilal ÜNAL: With regards to the partic- special place in the ecosystem, and can discuss the current state of the in- ipators and the opportunities offered which supports other activities. Our dustry and hold meetings to establish to them, ICDDA is the most important approach towards friendly competition new business relations. event of our region in this field. The among institutions and organisations During our event in 2014, 4,800 reg- most important factor behind this is is that it should be complementary and istered business meetings were held. that the participants of ICDDA include constructive rather than destructive. This year we expect this figure to be only purchasing experts from local We will continue to support the de- much higher. With this goal in mind, and foreign key industry companies,
September 2016 - 25 MSI INTERVIEW
ticipating in overseas exhibitions have to compete with other foreign partici- pants, ICDDA focuses on enabling only Turkish SMEs to develop business re- lations with the foreign key industry companies. Thus, our event plays a significant role in the development of the industry in our country. The goal of key industry companies in attending the event is definitely not to sell or promote their products; they come here to find subcontractors for their respective areas of business, and to purchase products. In this sense, ICDDA provides an unmissable op- portunity for SMEs wishing to become subcontractors. Also, by participating in ICDDA 2016, subcontractors and SMEs have the op- portunity to meet not only with the key industry companies participating from abroad, but also with the local key and the business development depart- a high number of purchasing experts industry companies operating in the ments of supplier companies. Since it and to take part in various exhibitions field of defence and aerospace in our is a closed event, ICDDA is totally busi- held abroad. country. Considering that there are ness-oriented. In ICDDA 2014, a total What’s more, key industry companies subsidiary industrial companies that of 270 companies participated from coming from abroad are represent- have recently joined the sector and 34 countries. Business meetings with ed by officials who are authorised which conduct similar activities, we foreign key industry companies are of to assign work to the defence and think that it will be extremely benefi- great importance for SMEs, in line with aerospace industry of our country. cial for SMEs to show other companies their objectives such as opening up to In brief, the representatives of these that they still have a presence in the foreign markets, making exports, and key industry companies coming from domestic market. achieving their growth targets. Ac- abroad attend our event exclusively to cording to our calculations, an SME meet with Turkish SMEs and to give MSI TDR: Along the same lines, what would have to spend over €34,000 to business to the Turkish defence and are the advantages offered by ICDDA to have the opportunity to meet with such aerospace industry. While SMEs par- a prime contractor?
26 - September 2016 September 2016 - 27 MSI INTERVIEW
Hilal ÜNAL: ICDDA is extremely im- portant for prime contractor compa- nies, since it offers them the oppor- tunity to get to know about the SMEs serving the industry and to learn about their potentials and capabilities. By showing how qualified they are in car- rying out works for the industry, the certificates and machinery they have, and their ability to perform precision workmanship even for the smallest parts, SMEs will be able to increase the level of trust that key industry companies have in them. In addition, this will also help SMEs find the op- portunity to offer their services under more favourable conditions in a na- tional and international competitive environment, compared with other subsidiary industry companies oper- ating abroad. SMEs that currently do business for Turkey’s leading key de- fence and aerospace industry compa- nies, are competent enough to meet the needs of the key industry compa- land security-related units of the Un- of members, number of employees, nies abroad. dersecretariat for Defence Industries, turnover, and R&D expenditures? in addition to its relevant departments Hilal ÜNAL: Our mission at OSSA is to MSI TDR: What kind of feedback do you on defence and aerospace. increase the share of domestic pro- receive from abroad about the ICDDA? duction in meeting the needs of the Hilal ÜNAL: We receive very positive MSI TDR: Are there any plans to have defence and aviation industry, and our feedback from abroad regarding both contracts or cooperation agreements vision is to render firms in the cluster the quality and the potential of the signed during the event? What are your competitive on international market. event. Many companies tell us that expectations in this regard? We are a team working to increase the they would like to take part in it, and Hilal ÜNAL: Of course, we expect co- workforce of SMEs operating in the de- that the previous events have been operation agreements to be signed fence and aerospace industry, and to extremely productive. At every oppor- during the event. However, this doesn’t help them make exports and become tunity, they also express their satis- mean all of the participants will be competitive in the market. Current- faction that the event is conducted by signing agreements throughout the ly, we have 170 member companies professionals. event. It is very important for our com- under the umbrella of OSSA, which panies to follow up on the meetings employ approximately 7,500 person- MSI TDR: Due to the recent incidents and agreements reached during the nel. Of this number, 817 are university in Turkey, the subject of security has event, and to make sure they main- graduates, and 545 have foreign lan- become slightly more important than tain their relations and connections guage skills. defence and aviation. In this regard, with the key industry companies. All The average total annual turnover can we expect a rise in security- in all, there are many companies op- of our member companies is around related cooperations during ICDDA? erating in the industry both domesti- 700,000,000 TL, and the total number Hilal ÜNAL: Homeland security was cally and overseas, and ICDDA should of R&D personnel employed by these selected as the theme for ICDDA 2016. be seen as an instrument for building companies is 415. In this context, due to the tragic inci- cooperation with key industry com- dents that have occurred both in Tur- panies. SMEs should, in brief, keep in MSI TDR: How would you list the key and in various other countries, touch with the companies with which advantages of being an OSSA member homeland security will be addressed they established relations during the company? during the event and, just as you have event. This is of great importance for Hilal ÜNAL: We can list the activities also mentioned, we anticipate that a ensuring the realisation of the topics caried out by OSSA as follows: number of cooperation agreements discussed and agreed on during the n Promotional activities, will be signed in this regard. There meetings. n Training activities, will be a significant level of partici- n Consultancy services, pation in our event from the TNP and OSSA Keeps Growing n Meetings with the key industry, the companies operating in the field of MSI TDR: Can you tell us about the n Participation to events, and homeland security. Furthermore, we current status of the OSSA by giving n Relations with the government also expect attendance from home- some figures, such as the number and other institutions.
28 - September 2016 September 2016 - 29 MSI INTERVIEW
Within the context of these activities, MSI TDR: OSSA has been ate our efforts in the indigenisation of we, as the representatives of OSSA, carrying out significant activities sub-systems. promote our companies at every de- to promote its members abroad. fence and aerospace event we attend, Can you tell us something MSI TDR: Is there anything you would and inform foreign companies about about this? like to add? their skills and potential. By preparing Hilal ÜNAL: We are trying to take part Hilal ÜNAL: Among the industri- a matrix that includes all OSSA mem- in all the leading events of our indus- al events held in the last six years in ber companies and their fields of oper- try. At the exhibitions we take part both Europe and America, ICDDA 2014 ation, we have compiled all the neces- in and in the business meetings we was the one that attracted the highest sary information about our companies hold, we share our cluster matrixes - number of purchasing experts. We ex- in a single document. Thanks to the both in Turkish and English - with the pect a large increase in the number OSSA Cluster Management System we company representatives we meet, of purchasing experts participating established, we can immediately com- that includes information about the in this year’s event. For this reason, municate with our companies through OSSA member companies. At our we invite all the SMEs in our indus- the Internet and promptly inform them stands, we also tell these representa- try to our event, as they will be given about any opportunities and require- tives about our members’ capabilities. the opportunity to make exports, in- ments. In addition, our search engine In addition, through the presentations crease their export capacity, and be- optimisation (SEO) training makes it we make during the events in which come competitive in foreign markets easier for our member companies to be we participate overseas, we brief by meeting with new companies and found in the Internet environment, and foreign companies about the capac- establishing collaborations. our enterprise resource planning (ERP) ity, potential, and products of our We also would like to thank TAI training helps our member companies member companies. In our biennial (Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc.), use materials, machinery and work- ICDDA events, we try to bring togeth- ASELSAN, HAVELSAN, FNSS, MKEK force in a more productive manner. We er foreign key industry companies (Mechanical and Chemical Industry also support our country’s leading key with SMEs, so as to enable Turkish Company), ROKETSAN, TEI (TUSAŞ defence and aerospace industry com- SMEs to make a name for themselves Engine Industries, Inc.) and Dassault panies in providing technical training and become competitive in foreign Systems, the leading companies of de- for our SMEs. Furthermore, we ensure markets. fence and aerospace industry, for their that our companies can receive consul- support for ICDDA 2016. tancy services during their certification MSI TDR: Can you tell us about the processes. In recent years, we have future plans of OSSA? What kind of On behalf of our readers, we would helped many of our companies to get novelties do you plan to bring to the like to thank Orhan Aydın, Chairman the AS 9100 certificate. Additionally, we industry? of the Board at OSTİM, and Hilal Ünal, visit our member companies to obtain Hilal ÜNAL: We aim to diversify our ac- Coordinator of OSSA, for taking the information about their status; we lis- tivities on the way to strengthening our time to answer our questions and ten to their opinions and suggestions SMEs and increasing their competitive for providing us with such valuable and try to meet their requests. power. We will particularly acceler- information.
30 - September 2016 September 2016 - 31 MSI SPECIAL COVERAGE HÜRKUŞ Celebrates New Certificate at Home A ceremony was held on August 18 at the TAI facilities in Ankara for HÜRKUŞ, which had received its type certificates from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) during Farnborough International Airshow (FIA) in England on July 12. Ümit BAYRAKTAR / [email protected] Naile BAYRAKTAR / [email protected] Özgür Deniz KAYA / [email protected]
he HÜRKUŞ Type - which consists of 5,500 Certification Ceremo- parts - has been performed Tny was attended by by Turkish engineers. Just Fikri Işık, the Minister of like other aircraft manufac- have been validated with Turkish National Defence; turers; the geometries of wind tunnel tests, Ahmet Arslan, Minister of the fuselage, wings and tail, structural tests, Transport, Maritime Affairs which determine the aero- and finally the and Communications; Vec- dynamic features of the flight tests con- di Gönül, Former Minister aircraft, were all designed ducted in the of National Defence, and by TAI’s own engineers. presence of experts from Chairman of the Board at During aerobatics [airborne DGCA and EASA. The design TÜRKSAT; Lieutenant Gen- manoeuvres], the aircraft’s and selection of all systems eral Nihat Kökmen, Chief wings can sustain loads of were also carried out by of Staff of the Turkish Air up to 20 tons, which is near- TAI, and the systems were Force; Bilal Ekşi, Director ly seven times the aircraft’s produced at specialised in- General of Civil Aviation; weight of almost 3.5 ton. dustrial facilities. Although and many other guests. The light but strong com- some of these components The ceremony programme ponents that enable high were produced by foreign began with speeches. Ne- resistance to heavy loads, companies in the first pro- jat Bilgin, Chairman of the as well as the calculations totypes, in the ensuing Board at TAI (Turkish Aero- for the airframe, are all space Industries Inc.), was products of TAI. All these the first to take the floor. In engineering calculations his speech, Bilgin described the contributions made to the development process of the HÜRKUŞ by TAI and
MSI TDR the Turkish aviation in-
© dustry, as follows: “People keep asking: Which part of this aircraft is indigenous? First of all, engineering cal-
All Photographs: culations for this aircraft
32 - September 2016 Nejat Bilgin Bilal Ekşi Vecdi Gönül stages of production, these 545 submitted compliance Works Continuing with pride that our activities will be replaced with avion- documents. More than at Full Pace are not only limited to the ics, illumination and elec- 10,000 pages of user man- After Bilgin, Bilal Ekşi, Di- HÜRKUŞ, and that there are trical systems produced by uals for pilots and techni- rector General of Civil Avi- currently five [approved] local industry enterprises, cians - which constitute an ation, delivered a short design facilities as well as in line with the industrial indispensible aspect of the speech in which he sum- five production facilities policy conducted under the certification process - have marised the activities of the in Turkey that manufac- leadership of the Undersec- also been prepared and DGCA. Ekşi summarised ture components, such as retariat for Defence Indus- submitted to relevant au- the activities carried out in aircraft parts, seats, and tries (SSM). The certifica- thorities. HÜRKUŞ, which the field of aviation as fol- galleys.” tion process was completed is the product of a 10-year lows: “I would like to tell following approval of the endeavour by 140 engi- 7,500 technical drawings, neers, has met all the cer- 455+ ground and sub-sys- tification requirements, and tem tests, 500+ flight tests, was awarded with a Type through the registration of Certificate on July 11, 2016, by DGCA.”
September 2016 - 33 MSI SPECIAL COVERAGE
Everything Started a decision is finally made from Zero around the table. Although System Features Vecdi Gönül gave the next there was not a single file of HÜRKUŞ-A speech of the event. He or no specific need or de- n 1,600 shp PT6A-68T Pratt & Whitney Canada turboprop was the Minister of Nation- mand for the HÜRKUŞ, our engine with Electronic Power Control Unit al Defence at the time the organisation - which felt n Five bladed aluminium Hartzell HC-B5MA-3 propeller Defence Industry Executive the frustration of not hav- n Martin-Baker MK T16N 0/0 ejection seat Committee decision con- ing been able to design an n 30 seconds inverted flight capability cerning the HÜRKUŞ was aircraft before - was say- n Good view angle from rear cockpit first taken. He described ing to itself that we should n Ergonomic cockpit the history behind the proj- do something. The TAI in n Cabin Pressurisation System ect as follows: “In 2005, the particular - which was the (4.16 psid nominal pressure difference) Defence Industry Executive name of the company at n On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS) Committee convened un- that time - was not in a po- n Anti-g System der the presidency of Recep sition of conducting or con- n Cockpit Air Conditioning System (Vapour Cycle Cooling) Tayyip Erdoğan, our then tributing to any activity... So n Strengthened canopy for bird strike resistance Prime Minister. Normally, we brought the idea of the n High shock absorbing landing gears specific when the Executive Com- HÜRKUŞ to the agenda of for military training aircraft mittee prepares for a meet- the Executive Committee n Hands On Throttle and Stick (HOTAS / The system ing, the General Staff first meeting as a proposal. Gen- that allows the pilot to control all essential functions prepares the files, the SSM eral Hilmi Özkök, our then of the aircraft through the throttle and the stick.) elaborates on them, and Commander of the Turkish
34 - September 2016 September 2016 - 35 MSI SPECIAL COVERAGE
Fikri Işık
Armed Forces, and Recep we need for the defence in- Tayyip Erdoğan, our then dustry, since we have more Prime Minister, approved than enough. From now on, this proposal, and thus the we will particularly focus first step for the HÜRKUŞ on increasing quality in the was started from zero.” defence industry. HÜRKUŞ is a source of pride for us. Our Problem is That But our next source of pride We Can’t Spend Our will be manufacturing our Financial Resources own indigenous fighter jet... Following Gönül; Fikri Işık, Right now, we’re working the Minister of National intensively with the Turkish Defence, took the floor and Air Force. We now have big- delivered a speech that in- ger goals in mind, and have cluded important messages set the bar even higher. At for the industry: “We have this point, there is full polit- now achieved a level of 60% ical support [behind these [in terms of the local partic- efforts], and no hesitation. ipation rate]. We have also In the defence industry, we achieved a very serious in- don’t have any problems re- crease in quality. However, lating to financial resourc- as a country in such a [dif- es. But our real problem ficult] region and that faces is not being able to spend many threats, we have to in- all the financial resources crease this ratio to at least we have... We need to work 80%, while also ensuring systematically and become an increase in quality. We team players who can certainly have the knowl- pass the ball to each other edge, human resources and even when their eyes are economic power to do this. closed. To achieve this, we Today, it is not funds that will place emphasis on two Performance Data About HÜRKUŞ-A (The values are at International Standard Atmospheric (ISA) conditions) Maximum Cruise Speed 310 KCAS (574 km/h) Stall Speed (landing configuration) 77 KCAS (143 km/h) Maximum Rate of Climb (at sea level) 4,370 ft/min (22 m/s) Service Ceiling 34,700 ft (10,577 m) Maximum Endurance (at 15,000 ft) 4 h 15 min Maximum Range (at 15,000 ft) 798 nautical miles (1,478 km) Take-Off Distance (at sea level) 1,605 ft (489 m) Landing Distance (at sea level) 1,945 ft (593 m) g limits +7 / -3.5g
36 - September 2016 September 2016 - 37 MSI SPECIAL COVERAGE © TAI
HÜRKUŞ-C TAI
© Ahmet Arslan
What will Happen Next? specific issues in the de- these projects in the fast- HÜRKUŞ was developed within the scope of the Turkish Primary fence industry: est way possible. Tuesday and Basic Trainer Aircraft Development Programme conducted First, we will ensure that morning, we came together by SSM. The HÜRKUŞ-A variant developed under this programme the private sector is much with our force commanders will be followed by HÜRKUŞ-B that is being developed as part more involved in the de- and undersecretaries and of the New Generation Basic Trainer Aircraft Procurement fence industry. We will help talked about the conditions Programme to meet military training needs. HÜRKUŞ-B will our SMEs assume a greater that lead to delays in proj- differ from HÜRKUŞ-A with the following features: role in the defence industry. ects. From now on, we will n Digital cockpit in compliance with military needs, We will provide them direct not tolerate any wasting in n Head-Up Display (HUD), support in test and certifi- time. We will not show tol- n Avionic systems in compliance with military needs, cation processes, which is erance to any kind of trivial along with military systems such as IFF and radio, the most significant prob- excuses that cause delays in n Different software used in the propulsion system, lem they face. And you may projects of months or years. n Certain changes in the pilot rescue system, ask, what are we going to This issue is extremely im- n Changes in the rudder, do with the foundation and portant for us... n Changes in the system regarding the stall speed, state-owned companies? Secondly, we will focus n Changes regarding the radar altimeter, and They will focus on high on playing as a team. We n Inclusion of a digital video data recording system. quality works that cannot no longer tolerate institu- The software used in the avionic systems of HÜRKUŞ-B be carried out by the private will be developed to conform with the DO-178B guideline sector... So we will focus document, while the hardware will be compliant with the more on system engineer- DO-254 and DO-160 guideline documents. With regards to ing, project management, avionics and other systems; the central control computer, and system integration. We multifunctional displays, MXF-484 radio, digital internal will become much more correspondence system, IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) competent in engineering. and INS/GPS (Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning And then, once we reach the System) will all be provided by ASELSAN. Among these production stage, we will systems, the digital internal communication system will shift to the private sector all be developed for the first time within the scope of this aspects of production that project. In addition to working on the development of they can effectively handle. software for these systems, ASELSAN will also carry out And what will we do about the integration of the avionic systems. Meanwhile, the HUD production activities that will be developed by the Fotoniks company and, unlike are beyond the capabilities older systems, it will not have any tubes. HÜRKUŞ-B, the of the private sector? We development works for which are currently underway, is will put our companies [i.e. expected to conduct its first flight in 2017, while the first state-owned and foundation aircraft is planned to be delivered in 2018. Within the context companies] to work on such of the programme, by the year 2019, TAI will deliver 15 activities. This approach aircraft to the Turkish Air Force (TurAF). will help give us extra time. Aircraft that are in the same class with HÜRKUŞ are also Now, we don’t want proj- being used for light ground attack missions. As such, TAI ects extending over many is working on the HÜRKUŞ-C variant in coordination with years. We are doing what- TurAF to enable the HÜRKUŞ to carry out similar missions. ever it takes to complete all
38 - September 2016 tional bigotry. No institu- the subject of the event. He and technician or the link the President and CEO of tion should slow down the said: “Reaching the point between the technician and TAI. The DGCA and TAI per- work or pace of others... I where we can receive this the labourer, fails, or if any sonnel who contributed to believe that together, we certificate, and where the of these links lose faith and the certification process will accomplish many great world’s civil aviation author- trust in the project, then the were then presented their things. Turkey will carry out ities accept and verify our whole system will fail. Thus, plaques. projects on an even larg- competence, is of huge sig- everybody from workers The ceremony pro- er-scale in the future.” nificance. We trust the peo- to the top executive must gramme continued with ple here in this room when believe in their goal. They the flight demonstration of The Product it comes to the manufactur- must believe. Today, we are the HÜRKUŞ, which was of Belief ing of our commercial air- celebrating the product of watched by members of The last speech of the cer- craft and military aircraft. this belief.” the protocol from the flight emony was delivered by No matter how strong the Following these speeches, tower. Once the HÜRKUŞ Ahmet Arslan, Minister of executive is and how suc- Minister Arslan and Bilal landed, members of the Transport, Maritime and cessful the programmes he Ekşi, Director General of protocol stood beside the Communications, who em- proposes, if any of the links Civil Aviation, presented the aircraft to have a souvenir phasised the importance of on this chain, such as the HÜRKUŞ Type Certificate photograph taken, after the certificate, which was link between the engineer to Muharrem Dörtkaşlı, which the event ended.
September 2016 - 39 MSI INTERVIEW
Böke Şahin, General Manager of ESNAD Defense Systems Inc.: “We’re introducing an export model Even though Turkey is based on fieldwork” focusing on developing solutions with export potential on the way to achieving its ambitious defence-related targets for 2023, the question of how these solutions will be marketed remains a serious issue. ESNAD Defense Systems Inc. (ESNAD Defense), which was established last year, has come up with a serious model on how the export figures of the industry can be increased, and particularly on how Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) can MSI TDR: ESNAD Defense is a background. Until 1999, when I left the partnership you established with the company, I was working for the R&D make exports. Although Saudi company Al-Esnad. First of all, department of FNSS. Then, in 2003, I it was only established we would like to ask you about how became the partner of a company that this idea came about and how yours was carrying out machining works for last year, ESNAD Defense and Al-Esnad’s paths crossed? the defence industry. Through FNSS, finished 2015 with $5.5 Böke ŞAHİN: Al-Esnad is an affiliate of we also took part in the modernisation the Al-Jabreen Group, a very large con- project for the Saudi M113s. Our ac- million worth of exports, struction and contracting business in quaintance with Al-Esnad initially start- and its export target for Saudi Arabia that has also been active ed with the support of the FNSS Saudi in the defence industry for 23 years. Al- project team and Murat Temizer, who 2016 is $12 million. We Esnad, which like many other defence was heading FNSS organization in Saudi interviewed Böke Şahin, companies in Saudi Arabia used to op- Arabia at the time. erate as a representative company, has In the M113 modernisation, we first the company’s General been one of the most important suppliers produced components such as smoke Manager, to learn about
MSI TDR of the Saudi Ministry of Defence, Minis- grenade dischargers, and later began to the story behind the © try of Interior, and the National Guard for produce sub-systems. When our com- 23 years. In 2004, together with FNSS, it pany was first established, it was car- establishment of ESNAD entered the business of modernising ar- rying out machining works. That’s why Defense, and the current moured vehicles and since then the two starting to produce sub-systems was an companies have been jointly operating important development for us. situation regarding the a military factory in Saudi Arabia, where During this period we frequently trav- company’s activities. the modernisation of M113 vehicles is elled to Saudi Arabia. Over a period of being carried out. To date, the moderni- three or four years, we observed the en- Ümit BAYRAKTAR sation of 996 M113s in nine different vari- vironment, market, and trade conditions [email protected] ants has been completed. there and saw what they had and what K. Burak CODUR
Unless otherwise stated, all photographs: In fact, I am also coming from an FNSS they didn’t have in the field of logistics. [email protected]
40 - September 2016 © ESNAD Defense
MSI TDR: What happened next? Böke ŞAHİN: In the second phase of the M113 modernisation project, a de- mand emerged for the indigenous man- ufacturing of certain products in Saudi Arabia, and Al-Esnad was requested to undertake this role. In this process, we, as a company, started to work directly with Al-Esnad. We told them that we could provide support and consultancy A meal in the tent of Sheikh Ahmad Saleh Bin Jubair. Sheikh Ahmad Saleh Bin Jubair; Hüseyin Şentürk; Bilal Aktaş, Head of Industrialisation Department, SSM; industrialists from Bursa; and the team of services for particular processes, such ESNAD Defense are seen together in the photograph. (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) as assembly and painting activities to be performed in Saudi Arabia, and the cured them through channels like For- ish companies other than our own and indigenisation of certain capabilities. eign Military Sales (FMS). Then the Sau- FNSS (which was carrying out moderni- This is how our relations gained a new di government initiated a programme sation operations in the military facili- dimension, following the first contact called ‘Saudisation,’ which is akin to our ties in Al-Kharj at the time) that sought we had established as a sub-contractor own indigenisation efforts. In fact, when to become a significant business part- of FNSS. We supported them, and made we look back over time, we can see that ner of Saudi Arabia, and to expand the a number of preparations. We took part the issue of ‘Saudisation’ first came onto trade volume between the two countries in many activities during that period for the agenda in 1985, within the context of by taking advantage of such an initiative. the infrastructure development phase of the 4th Development Plan prepared by With this foresight, we seriously pur- the factory established by Al-Esnad. We the government of Saudi Arabia, with sued this business. Over a three-year carried out some studies to see “What the aim of changing the ratio of for- period, I travelled to Saudi Arabia every could be produced here? What kind of eign employees in the private sector in few months. Although we didn’t manage teams are there here? How can we form favour of Saudi citizens. After 2006, an to export any products during that peri- a technical team? To what extent are even greater emphasis was placed on od, we never gave up. we able to proceed, and what possible this issue and, in addition to increasing Al-Esnad brought the issue of establish- phases could there possibly be?” the local workforce in the private sector, ing a new factory to its agenda in 2009. After 2007 we continued and intensi- projects and incentives were launched Naturally, the steps to be taken would fied these studies. In the meantime, with the aim of increasing the domestic include the construction of a building, Al-Esnad started to gain experience in participation share in strategically im- recruitment and training of personnel, this field, and expanded the scope of portant industries, such as the defence as well as the procurement of work- its operations with the support of the industry. Within the context of these benches and raw materials. The related Saudi government. Since they hadn’t efforts, which were initially planned to studies and preparations took a great previously undertaken such operations, begin with assembly operations, the in- deal of work. To give a simple exam- there were of course some gaps with tention was to implement a programme ple, many brands of workbenches we regards to the infrastructure. For many that would enable the Saudi defence in- used here in our country didn’t years, the country had purchased their dustry to gain production capability. even have representatives in Saudi Ara- defence systems as turnkey, or had pro- Of course, there weren’t any Turk- bia. The preparation phase also included Al-Esnad Al-Esnad Est. for Military Supplies (Al-Esnad) was established in 1993 by Sheikh Ahmad Saleh Bin Jubair in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as an affiliate of the Al-Jabreen Group, with the aim of operating in the defence industry. In addition to serving many state institutions, particularly the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Interior, and the National Guards of Saudi Arabia for 23 years, as a representative of leading defence companies in Turkey and the world, the company has also carried out many successful projects in the field of indigenous production. As one of the leading companies of Saudi Arabia, in 2004 Al-Esnad also became the first private sector defence manufacturer of the country - another distinctive feature of the company. Production activities, which first began with the M113 modernisation project jointly conducted with FNSS company, are continuously developing with two separate factories established by Al-Esnad. In these new facilities, which have a total indoor area of 12,000 m2, parts and sub-systems are manufactured, using production methods such as machining, sheet metal working, and welding. Additionally, the coating-painting works and production of military cable harnesses are also carried out at these facilities. At the same time, the integration and modernization of various types of military vehicles are carried out in this factory, which employs a total of 150 personnel, the majority of whom are Saudi citizens. With its own R&D activities and technology transfer methods, to date, Al-Esnad has made very important contributions to the Saudisation activities by facilitating the production of many military systems and sub-systems through a higher share of domestic participation.
September 2016 - 41 MSI INTERVIEW
Right to left: Özgür Karakaş, Burcu Aktaş, Böke Şahin, Bora Çelikoğlu, Arda İnal
ESNAD Defense Team
© n Böke Şahin, General Manager
Officials of ESNAD Defense ESNAD Defense n Bora Çelikoğlu, Purchasing Manager making inspections on the modernisation of tactical n Özgür Karakaş, Purchasing Executive field kitchens in the inventories of n Arda İnal, Purchasing Specialist the Saudi army. n Burcu Aktaş, Foreign Trade Executive (Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia) n Duygu Mumcu, Secretary
preliminary research about the infra- structure requirements of the country. In time, we found out that Al-Esnad needed to have stronger relations with Turkey with respect to both represen- tation and production, because Turkey, with its geographical and cultural prox- imity as well as industrial capacity, was a reliable source that could meet many of Saudi Arabia’s needs.
MSI TDR: We see that while these developments were taking place, some prime contractors other than FNSS also started to cooperate with Al-Esnad. Böke ŞAHİN: Yes, companies other than FNSS also began to cooperate with Al-Esnad, and those relations even- tually turned into representations. At this point, the following is worth men- tioning: We can see that not only prime contractors in Turkey, but also some of the SMEs providing support to them as sub-contractors, are capable of offer- ing solutions to Saudi Arabia. Although there is no doubt about Turkey’s level of technical competency, we, as a coun- try, are still somewhat behind when it comes establishing export connections.
MSI TDR: Now, if we could get back to the story of your company...
42 - September 2016 What is Saudisation? The policy of Saudisation was mentioned for the first time by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the Fourth Five-Year Development Plan, where it was decided that vocational training programmes would be put in place so as to substitute foreign manpower with local manpower. Since then, institutions such as the Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Civil Service, and Manpower Council have carried out intense activities to reach these targets and to improve the Saudi labour market by identifying the need for both foreign and domestic manpower, and ensuring that they would be employed appropriately. Within the context of its 2030 vision, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aims to rank among the world’s top 10 economies by reducing the economic dependence on the petroleum and petrochemistry industry, by ensuring that the Saudisation policy does not remain limited to the issue of employment, by encouraging indigenous investments in the industry, and by establishing a solid industrial infrastructure in different areas. As it is well known, while the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the countries with the largest defence budget in the world, it imports the majority of the defence industry products it needs. Thus, as a starting point to meet the target of establishing an industrial infrastructure, extensive work is being carried to increase the domestic participation rate, encourage new investments, and increase the capabilities of existing facilities in the defence industry. The main method utilized for this purpose under the umbrella of Saudisation, includes emposing of certain prerequisites to the foreign companies willing to take part in new defence projects - such as indigenisation through the transfer of technology, or maintaining a high ratio of indigenous manpower. Thus, in the forthcoming period, foreign companies willing to take part in defence projects in Saudi Arabia will need to provide services such as training, field support, repair and maintenance, indigenous production, and the establishment of assembly lines.
Böke ŞAHİN: As we entered 2013, the capacity of our compa- ny, which was an SME, started to run into difficulties in meeting the growing needs of Al-Esnad and Saudi Arabia. We also had to take care of our customers in Turkey; leaving the domes- tic market was out of question. There was the need for a new structuring, and we started talking with Al-Esnad about these issues. We could either do something jointly, or Al-Esnad could establish a factory in Turkey. Once it was decided that Al-Esnad would establish a joint venture company in Turkey, I left the company in which I was a partner in 2014, and we es- tablished ESNAD Defense in May 2015. The new company fo- cused entirely on exporting industrial products and solutions abroad. In a few months we had formed our team and settled in an office, launching our operations in August. As soon as we started, our first task was to meet the high demand coming from Saudi Arabia for urgent purchases. In the meantime, we also continued our promotion activities by visiting small and medium scale companies with defence industry products that would be open to technology transfer.
September 2016 - 43 MSI INTERVIEW
MSI TDR: What is the partnership issues in the future, and in that case we structure of the company and how are may recruit personnel to deal with this the shares distributed? as well. We may also outsource some Böke ŞAHİN: The senior partner of services. As I mentioned earlier, pro- our company is Mr. Ahmad Saleh Bin duction and R&D are not on our agenda Jubair, the owner of Al-Esnad company. for now. The share distribution is 65%-35% and I have the smaller share. This is an in- MSI TDR: Could production and R&D corporated company; it isn’t a branch of come onto the agenda in the future? Al-Esnad. It is an entirely Turkish com- Böke ŞAHİN: There is a significant in- pany. We hold a facility security certifi- dustrial infrastructure in Turkey, and we cate. For the time being, we are an office are planning to proceed by making use and we don’t have either a production of it; however, we never know what time plant or any R&D activities. I don’t know will bring. If it becomes necessary to what may happen at a later stage, but in make such an investment in the future, the in the short term we have no plans Al-Esnad or our company might have to for such operations. build new investment partnerships.
MSI TDR: How many people are there Cooperation Based at ESNAD Defense? on Win-Win Böke ŞAHİN: Right now, we are six, MSI TDR: While telling us about the and we work with a very high level of process through which your company As someone who is a member of the productivity. Our core team compris- came into being, you also described supervisory board of the OSTİM De- es three people: Bora Çelikoğlu, who the kind of needs that led to the fence and Aviation Cluster (OSSA), and has been previously employed in the establishment of ESNAD Defense. who has been working with defence and purchasing departments of ASELSAN, But just to sum up, what does ESNAD aerospace companies and SMEs for a FNSS and Otokar; Özgür Karakaş, who Defense do? What kind of an operating long time, I have always believed that, also worked at Otokar for many years; structure does it have? although Turkey has a serious poten- and myself. Recently, Arda İnal, a young Böke ŞAHİN: What we need to empha- tial, we also have certain shortcomings. colleague of ours, has joined this team. sise first is that ESNAD Defense is not However, when it comes to exports, I Burcu Aktaş, who is dealing with our ex- an ordinary ‘representative company’. think that we can do serious business port-import activities based on her long We source Turkish companies that are in geographically close and emerging years of experience in the field of foreign sufficiently competent to meet the prod- markets, as well as in the markets of trade, and Duygu Mumcu, our secretary, uct and solution requirements of Saudi countries with which we are culturally are also part of our team. Arabia, and let them meet these in the close. Through ESNAD Defense, I had We envisage that our team will grow, first phase. Then, within the context of found the opportunity to put this idea of mainly by recruiting purchasing experts. Saudisation, we provide the necessary mine into practice. We may have to work on quality-related support to allow operations, such as as- © ESNAD Defense
The Saudi Army receiving training on the use of mine detectors (Jizan, Saudi Arabia).
44 - September 2016 sembly and maintenance, to be carried out in Saudi Arabia. Thus, we don’t just find the products in Turkey, add some profit margin, and then market them to Saudi Arabia. We act together with the Turkish companies throughout the whole process, and in addition to sales, carry out work on Saudisation. ESNAD Defense The main emphasis here is definite- © The visit of Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the King of Saudi Arabia, to Al-Kharj facilities. ly on Saudisation. Saudi Arabia has the will and determination to achieve MSI TDR: Is ESNAD Defense’s market We have a very flexible business model, this and Al-Esnad, our partner, is solely limited to Saudi Arabia? Or and it’s not essential for all tasks to be working towards making this hap- perhaps, to put it another way: Do you carried out through Al-Esnad. Depend- pen. As a result, there is a win-win only carry out your operations through ing on the project requirements, we may situation. Saudi Arabia will purchase Al-Esnad? sometimes even work directly with the these solutions and indigenise them. Böke ŞAHİN: Our regular market is Sau- requesting authority. We have two differ- When it does this with Turkey, Turkish di Arabia, which is the leading country of ent channels for doing business in Saudi companies also win, and the industry the region. Generally, other countries fol- Arabia: Tenders and urgent purchases. makes exports. low in the wake of Saudi Arabia [when it We act in the way required by the project Let me be clear about this: We don’t comes to defence purchases]. Therefore, through either of these two channels. do business with companies that say “I we can expect that in the future other As ESNAD Defense, we also have rela- don’t want to go to Saudi Arabia. I would countries in the region will also decide to tions with the Turkic Republics and are like to have you as my representative, use products procured by Saudi Arabia. continuing discussions to work and do and will deliver the product to you from Many companies have representatives business in that region as well. None of my warehouse.” Because our business in Saudi Arabia. So we work with the our efforts have yet turned into projects, is not only about sales, and in particular ones that don’t have representatives but we are working very seriously. We not about one-off sales. Sustainability is there, or that have Al-Esnad as their may also have some projects for Europe also very important for us. representative. in the future.
September 2016 - 45 MSI INTERVIEW
MSI TDR: We see that currently you are more focused on land systems. Do you plan to operate in the field of naval or air systems in the future? Böke ŞAHİN: We don’t make any dis- tinction between platforms. Our com- pany is still very new. In the past, our partner had mainly worked in the field of land platforms, and we also carried out or initial activities in this field. In the upcoming period, we may have projects in other fields. industry, it is still a challenge for us to just by saying “We want products!” It is bring Turkish companies to Saudi Ara- true that everybody [in Turkey] is trying MSI TDR: Why did you prefer the bia. Had the company were established to support SMEs. The Undersecretariat model whereby ESNAD Defense was in Saudi Arabia, this would’ve been even for Defence Industries (SSM) has indeed established in Turkey? Wasn’t it possible harder. introduced rules and regulations to en- to establish such a company in Saudi sure that a share of the work [in proj- Arabia to handle similar tasks? MSI TDR: During this process, what kind ects] can be transferred to SMEs. In this Böke ŞAHİN: This subject was dis- of support did you receive from public economic climate, SMEs have remained cussed at length. Another option that institutions dealing with the industry? busy; but when we look at the statistics was considered was to carry out these Böke ŞAHİN: When you present some- regarding the industry and read the re- works through a factory established in thing new for the first time, it may take ports, we can see that a solid SME base Saudi Arabia. This was the first option some time for it to be accepted. The hasn’t been established under the prime that came to mind; however, since the approach of some institutions and au- contractors, and that there is a very big period when I used to work as a manu- thorities was rather disinterested, but gap between them and the SMEs. facturer, I have always insisted that this I know that this is a negative situation This picture is also mirrored on the is something that should be done in Tur- experienced by other industries too. We products side. We are rather behind key, because our goal was to organise also saw that some of them were stuck when it comes to sub-contractor SMEs, Turkish companies, market the exist- with ideas from the past. For example, as well as sub-systems. Personally, I am ing products abroad, and to design new in some of the markets where I was very much involved with land platforms. products if necessary. I believed that the sure we could compete - as I was very There are times when we have to pur- fastest and easiest way to do this was by knowledgeable about our competitors - chase even the most simple sub-sys- establishing close relationships and car- people in these institutions told us: “You tems from abroad. Nevertheless, when rying out the operations in Turkey. In the won’t be able to do business in that area, we look at the companies producing end, this model was accepted during the don’t even bother.” Others had only a these sub-systems overseas, we see establishment phase of ESNAD Defense. very general approach towards the sub- that they are not, in any way, superior to There’s also one other thing we ject, and weren’t able to understand the companies, and in particular to the shouldn’t forget: Even when we are al- the specific nature of our activities. For SMEs, here in Turkey. ready operating here in Turkey, and example, we received answers such as, So, we need to start from somewhere, although we have a background in the “You are doing a great job. We stand by and our goal is to help Turkey - in other you. Well done. The state has such and words, the Turkish industry - manufac- such financial incentives; use them if ture products and export them. This is you haven’t done so already.” Maybe we what we are working for and we are co- weren’t able to properly explain what it operating with Al-Esnad on this subject. is we actually do. The market is very large, and here we In fact, our expectations are quite sim- have a very good group of sub-contrac- ple: We want to be listened to and un- tors. I believe that we can organise this, derstood, without people trying to teach and encourage our SMEs in particular to us something. When we visit these peo- take part in it. ple, we already have an idea of the mar- The ultimate goal is to acquire a product; ket, and a specific model in our minds. but for the companies willing to work for us, having a product isn’t a prerequisite. Long Term Partnership The product may come in time, through © MSI TDR: How would you summarise our support and guidance. The compa- ESNAD Defense your standpoint on SMEs? Within the nies that will work with us must be will- scope of ESNAD Defense’s activities, ing to go to Saudi Arabia, to support the what would you recommend to SMEs? production and assembly stages there, Böke ŞAHİN: One of the things most- offer training, and provide repair and ly frequently said about SMEs is that maintenance support on site. That is the Some of the prototype systems produced they should have their own products; first prerequisite of our business. by ESNAD Defense undergoing tests. however, products can’t be produced Looking at this subject from the per- (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
46 - September 2016 spective of SMEs, what can ESNAD De- products of three of them have passed thing about how Turkish companies do fense offer them? Currently, there are preliminary tests conducted in Saudi business in Saudi Arabia. The Saudis SMEs in our industry that have their own Arabia. The remaining two companies’ sometimes expect very quick feedback, products. But, generally speaking, these prototypes are currently in the design but unfortunately, Turkish companies products have mostly been developed phase, but they will soon be completed, often perform rather poorly in this re- through the “Tell us what you need, and after which they will be tested. I would spect. we’ll produce it!” approach. SMEs using like to emphasise that these studies are this approach fail to get into the sub-sys- on a serious scale even for Turkey, as, MSI TDR: What approach do you use if tems business. There are also some apart from one, these products have so you can’t find the solution in Turkey? SMEs that develop products through far not been offered to any company in Böke ŞAHİN: As I mentioned, we have a R&D projects, but fail to sell them. Some the country. We will be able to provide flexible business model, and if we can’t ignore the realities associated with seri- more detailed information once all the find the solution in Turkey or on time, al production, so that when the products relevant processes are complete. we can look for other sources to meet enter production, their costs turn out to At this point, I would like to share an the needs of Saudi Arabia. For example, be too high. We tell SMEs, “There is a anecdote with you to demonstrate the Saudi Arabia was once in urgent need of specific requirement in this area. Let’s approach shown by some SMEs. In this a mine detector, and since such a prod- design this together; let’s support you instance, Saudi Arabia was in need of uct was not available in Turkey, we pur- and develop this product jointly. These a sub-system, and we knew that there chased it from an American company. will be our conditions, we will test the were companies in Turkey that were Now, we provide user training. We are product at the following locations, and already producing it. We visited one of also working towards eventually car- then we’ll sell it.” Of course, this first these companies, and during our meet- rying out the assembly phase in Saudi prerequisite I’ve just mentioned needs ing, they kept asking a bunch of ques- Arabia. In the following period, in addi- to be met in every case. tions such as “Doing business with them tion to the detectors, the procurement Whenever possible, we would like to must be hard; are we going to sell our of vehicles to carry these detectors will work with the SMEs for the long-term. products to you or to them?” We need- also come onto the agenda. Once this We offer them long-term projects. If ed the first sample three months later, happens, we will make new investiga- necessary, we provide them with finan- but they told us “The factory is too busy.” tions about the solutions Turkey can cial support as well. We help them with We said to ourselves that this isn’t going offer. their travel expenses to and from Sau- to work, and that [if we decided to work di Arabia, as well as with transport and with them] we would lose this business MSI TDR: What kind of activities do you logistics-related activities. We arrange opportunity. So we knocked the door of carry out with prime contractors? test environments, or help them to re- another company, which was not pro- Böke ŞAHİN: Al-Esnad, our partner, is ceive facility security clearance or a pro- ducing the mentioned sub-systems, also the Saudi Arabia representative of duction permit over there. but was experienced in this field, and some of Turkey’s leading prime con- had an entrepreneurial spirit. We told tractors in the defence industry. We, MSI TDR: What kind of projects are you them about the situation, and they said, as ESNAD Defense, provide support currently working on with the SMEs “OK, we can do it.” We supported them, for such activities - which are generally partnerships? and in the end, we delivered the sample conducted for big tenders in Saudi Ara- Böke ŞAHİN: We are currently work- products on time and got the job. bia - in the fields of presentations, test- ing with five SMEs and the prototype This example, in fact, also says some- ing, and infrastructure activities.
September 2016 - 47 MSI INTERVIEW
sentative office, and that we were only there to have meetings. However, since then, we have shown through our work that this is not the case, and we will con- tinue to show this. The methods we have implemented so far have consisted only of arranging meetings between businessmen and government authorities in suits and in certain environments. Bids were sub- mitted and received; however, there weren’t many trade activities. I would like to repeat the following: We have brought a new model and approach based on going to the field, in which we All Turnover Comes abroad the products of domestic manu- are strong, with other companies. from Exports facturing companies that have their own MSI TDR: Can you provide us with products. They asked for our product MSI TDR: So, can we say that ESNAD some information about the turnover brochures and told that they would use Defense will make a serious contribution of ESNAD Defense? Would you like to them to market our products abroad by to Turkey’s 2023 export target, which tell us about your turnover targets? using their connections. has been set for the industry? Böke ŞAHİN: Last year, in the five-month Of course, our current approach is Böke ŞAHİN: If we have a look at what period between August when we estab- slightly different. Now, instead of bring- we have already achieved in less than lished the office and started work and ing the products or brochures of such 1.5 years since we were established, the end of the year, we had a turnover of companies, we directly involve the ex- you are quite right. There is also another $5.5 million. And our turnover in the first ecutives of the relevant companies, and point that shouldn’t be missed: ESNAD six months of this year was around $5 travel abroad together with them. The Defense’s contribution to exports is not million. We expect a serious increase in company executives can then promote only reflected in its own figures. We the second six-month period, especially their products first hand, and also see also help establish business connec- towards the end of the year. Our target those countries and get to know the cus- tions. Some of the projects are wholly is to reach a turnover of $12 million this tomer. So it will be more accurate to say conducted through us, while in others year. I should emphasise that our entire that we are forming a kind of commer- we establish the ties, after which the turnover comes from exports. cial committee focused on exports. project is implemented by the relevant Since the modernisation projects in parties themselves. In the latter case, Saudi Arabia are currently on our agen- We’re Taking the Field the amount of exports made within the da, we’ve set our turnover targets ac- to Make Exports context of the project will appear in the cordingly. We estimate that the real po- MSI TDR: When looking at the activities turnover figures of the relevant compa- tential will start to come to light in 2017; being carried out to increase exports, ny. Taking this into account, I consider however, we haven’t yet set concrete we can only see country-specific that we will create a very significant targets for turnover or the number of cooperation days, or special events business volume. Both we and the com- personnel for 2017 and beyond. We pre- consisting of business meetings. Could panies with which we cooperate will uti- dict that these figures will increase; but we say that the concept being proposed lise this potential. we need some more time to estimate by by ESNAD Defense is a new approach? how much we will grow. Böke ŞAHİN: I don’t know for certain if MSI TDR: In which events are you planning there are other examples, like ESNAD to take part in the upcoming period? MSI TDR: The following has actually Defense, in other countries, but for Böke ŞAHİN: We would like to promote been discussed by the industry for some Turkey, yes, this is a new model. We’re our company and reach a larger num- time: For Turkey to export its defence working in the field and we’re introduc- ber of Turkish firms. With this aim in and aerospace products, there is a ing an export model based on fieldwork. mind, we will participate in the Indus- need for a mercantile class that could This is a market that we know very well trial Cooperation Days in Defense and manage such processes in international and from up-close, and it’s one in which Aerospace (ICDDA) to be held in Ankara markets. From what you have told us, we have a very strong and important this October. We should like to take part can we assume that ESNAD Defense is partner. We also know the industry in in IDEF 2017, with a big stand where we trying to undertake such a role? Turkey very well. So we go to the field can also hold meetings. Böke ŞAHİN: Yes, your assumption is and speak directly with people, say- correct. In fact, the meetings we had ing “Look, here is what is needed, and On behalf of our readers, we would like with STM when I was working as a man- here is the company [that will meet to thank Böke Şahin, General Manager ufacturer has had an impact on the de- this need]. Let’s make it, bring it, try it, of ESNAD Defense Systems Inc., velopment of our working methodology. test it, and work on it together!” When for taking the time to answer our At the time, STM officials came to us ESNAD Defense was first established, it questions and for providing us with and told that they are willing to market was thought that we were their repre- such valuable information.
48 - September 2016 September 2016 - 49 MSI ANALYSIS © U.S. Air Force photo Staff Sgt. Madelyn Brown
The F-35A Takes its First Step n the project, which had On August 2nd, the US Air Force announced that the experienced serious prob- Ilems like being behind F-35A has achieved initial operational capability (IOC). schedule and over bud- So, an important program milestone is achieved at the very get, the first F-35 model to reach IOC had been the beginning of the few months long window specified in the F-35B variant used by The project schedule for the achievement of IOC. Marine Corps. With the 2B software installed in last K. Burak CODUR / [email protected] July, the F-35B was able to is scheduled to achieve IOC IOC as follows: The inclusion Production Document (CPD) successfully meet the IOC with the 3F software version of a new system into the in- related to the project. Ac- requirements of The Marine in 2018 (Table 1). In various ventories of the relevant unit cordingly, in the statement Corps. The US Air Force’s statements made by the Un- or organisations, and the declaring IOC for F-35A, it requirements were a little dersecretariat for Defence acquisition of the necessary was announced that: more comprehensive, and Industries, it has been re- capabilities for ensuring that n The training of the were met by using the third ported that the aircraft to they can be used and main- personnel to fly and version of the software. The be purchased by Turkey will tained. Details regarding the maintain the aircraft has F-35C, which is the third have the 3F software version features of this capability are been completed, and that model being developed as installed. mentioned in the Capabili- n The aircraft is able part of the project, to be The US-based Defense Ac- ty Development Document to conduct basic close used by the US Navy, and quisition University defines (CDD) and the Capability air support, interdiction
Table 1. F-35 Software Versions Version Capabilities Status Full combat capability that enables the use of all avionics As of December 2015 it has 3F and armaments in all flight envelopes. completed 18 percent of its tests. Development of Block 2B features: The use of new 3I hardware, compatibility with export requirements, Tests completed; in use. new helmet mounted display system. 2B Simple close air support and air-to-air combat capabilities. Tests completed; in use. Training capabilities (Simple navigation and mission 1 and 2A planning functions, cockpit readouts, voice communication Not currently in use.
U.S. Air Force photo Senior Airman Christopher Callaway capabilities and jamming of threats) ©
50 - September 2016 Technical Specifications of the F-35A which primarily variant identified (April 2014 figures announced by the US Air Force) addressed the night cracks in the wing Engine 1 x Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-100 vision-related issues. structure. During tests, Thrust 43,000 pounds (191,350 N) The verification tests it was observed that Wing Span 10.7 m of this new HMD are the aircraft’s level of Length 15.7 m expected to be completed exhaustion and wear was Height 4.38 m within this year. as if it was being used Maximum Take-Off Weight 70,000 pound (approx. 31.75 tonnes) class n ALIS (Autonomic for a longer period than Internal Fuel Capacity Approximately 8.4 tonnes Logistics Information its predicted life cycle. Payload 8,160 kg System): Maximum Speed Mach 1.6 The ALIS, The crack in question Range with Internal Fuel 1,350 miles (2,172 km) which was developed in occurred at a later time Service Ceiling 50,000 ft order to apply innovative than the planned life approaches for logistic cycle of the aircraft. For and limited suppression/ The Empty Half issues and to unite all this reason, this issue destruction of enemy air of the Glass international users under is not of great urgency; defences in a contested Although the fact that the a single roof, is among however, Lockheed environment. F-35A achieving the IOC has the issues that have, Martin has stated that For its IOC phase, the F-35A certainly boosted morale for a long time, been they have not yet found a was received by the 34th in the project, there is still considered as putting definite solution for this Fighter Squadron stationed much ground to cover before the entire project at risk. problem. at the Hill Air Force Base. the F-35 becomes fully ma- The system is not yet Furthermore, there have In other words, this is the ture. In the report ‘F-35 Joint fully operational; there also been various reports only fleet ready for combat Strike Fighter - Continued are still certain functions and statements mentioning utilizing the F-35A. The fact Oversight Needed as Pro- that are not integrated the possibility of a two to six that the F-35A is ready for gram Plans to Begin Devel- into the system. In month delay due to the 3F operational service makes opment of New Capabilities’ addition to this it is noted version of the software. Ac- us wonder when its first op- published by the GAO (The that, as a centralised cording to the information erational use will take place. Government Accountability system, the ALIS does provided in other reports of On paper, the 34th squadron Office), the auditing unit of not offer back-up for its the GAO, 20 percent of the is ready for combat, should the US Congress, the prob- central servers. development tests of the the need arise. However, lematic issues in the pro- n Ejection Seat: In 2015, F-35 have been completed according to various inter- gramme are listed as follows: it was found that the so far. However, it is worth national defence maga- n Helmet Mounted ejection seat of F-35s mentioning that this figure zines, there is no planned Display (HMD): Since the could cause neck injuries is not up-to-date, and does task at this stage. Mean- early phases of the during ejection in pilots not cover activities carried while, based on the lessons project, various problems weighing less than 62 kg out in 2016. learned from the F-22s, have been encountered (136 pounds). There are which entered combat after concerning the image ongoing studies aimed at Development of a very long delay following quality offered by the solving this problem and Block 4 to Continue its development, it is expect- HMD. Accordingly, a new verifying its solution. The development of the F-35 ed that the US Air Force will HMD was developed and n Cracks in the Wing will continue with work on be in a greater hurry to get delivered last year to Structure: Structural Block 4. Block 4 improve- the F-35s into active service. remedy these problems, tests on the F-35C ments, which will consist of four phases, will cover only the software in the first and third phases, and both the software and hardware in the second and fourth phases. As a result of these improvements, F-35 will gain 80 new capabilities, and begin to use 17 new weap- ons. SOM-J, which is being developed by ROKETSAN, is also expected to be among these weapons. Between 2016 and 2021, some $6 billion is expected to be spent for the Block 4, which is scheduled for com- Lockheed Martin pletion over a 10-year period. ©
September 2016 - 51 MSI ADVERTORIAL
Yusuf Öztiryaki, Chairman of the Board, Öztiryakiler: “Container Systems are one of the instruments made globalisation possible”
Öztiryakiler has signed a co-production agreement with Weatherhaven on 18 March.
n interview with Yusuf Öz- can be transferred from one mode of to offices and security cabins. The use tiryaki, Chairman of the Board at transportation to another without hav- of containers in the military field has AÖztiryakiler, on Container ing to handle or unload the materials. also been expanding very rapidly. Systems.. This new system dramatically de- creased transport costs, reducing the What led to the need for container For centuries, materials have been need for manual loading and - conse- systems in the military? transported as bulk cargo and by quently - the number of workers re- Yusuf ÖZTİRYAKİ: Today, the most manpower. So how did the container quired in maritime transport, and also important capability for all armies system emerge? decreasing the need for fixed storage. around the world is to be able to Yusuf ÖZTİRYAKİ: Konteynerlerin Con- But most importantly, it triggered a achieve precise results by striking the tainers were first used for the trans- veritable boom in international trade enemy with a small yet highly mobile port of materials. In the 1760s, wooden by making it cheaper, and thus con- troops equipped with modern systems. containers on horse-drawn carts were tributed significantly to globalisation. You can certainly provide such skills to used in England to transport coal from It eliminated the heavy traffic and your combat units, but a bulky logistic coal mines to Manchester. Many years confusion that used to reign in ports, structure may weigh you down, since it later, the US Army saw the need for decreased loading times, and reduced will lengthen the time it takes for the steel containers, since wooden ones incidents of damage and theft. In 1961, units to prepare, equip themselves and were easily damaged and vulnera- the ISO (International Organization for mobilise. As a result, they won’t be able ble to theft. As a result, the US Army Standardization) set certain standards to keep pace with the faster combat was using 100,000 steel containers by for containers that greatly contributed units, and face difficulties when relo- Öztiryakiler 1965, and 200,000 by 1967 for trans- to the container system. cating. And, even after relocating, they © port purposes. This eventually led to Today, container systems are used in will have to spend more time taking up the development of a new intermodal a wide range of areas from household position, unpacking, resupplying and system that can be transported by dif- construction to storage space, and carrying out their duties. For example, ferent means - land, sea, and air - and from repair and maintenance centres with regard to kitchens: In the past, it All photographs:
52 - September 2016 took several hours for the personnel to the Second World War. Nowadays, it is Can you elaborate on the importance prepare and level out the area for the possible to rapidly install some facil- of Container Systems for the Armed tents; to install the kitchen tent, oven, ities by using containers and bringing Forces? cooking pans; to dig swales; and to them to the battlefield in an already Yusuf ÖZTİRYAKİ: The most recent cover and conceal everything [so that assembled form. Command posts, examples of conventional war are the they wouldn’t be seen by the enemy]. operations centres, mobile field hos- First and Second Gulf Wars and we can As a result, it’d take hours even the pitals, morgues, maintenance units, learn a number of lessons from them. commanding generals got anything to signal centres, aircraft and helicopter There is the need to develop mobile eat. Besides, in addition to the natural maintenance hangars, kitchens, cold and speed-based systems that can be factors such as storms, floods, heavy rooms (which we could call store- used piece by piece and in small units snow and the risk of freezing, the risk rooms), ovens, water treatment sys- when required. Such systems should of fire was also a significant threat. In tems, laundry rooms, bathrooms and be able to serve small units at the level the meantime, the kitchen personnel toilets, all utilize containers. Although of teams and platoons. The feeding of had to ensure not only their safety but most of these containers are made of soldiers is planned by taking into ac- also the preparation of the tent. But all steel, there are also those with a more count the different phases of the war, this is changing now. canvas-like structure known as Soft including its first days and the ensuing Heating the washing up water, Wall. period, as well as static times. This hand-washing and drying the dishes, Even the sleeping quarters of person- is because good nutrition - in other as well as the issue of hygiene, were nel, mess hall and, more interestingly, words eating warm and well-prepared all problematic. Until recently, the the material storage rooms of units meals - has a tremendous effect on bathing and toilet requirements of are now being designed based on con- troop morale. According to the ‘The- the personnel, as well as the prompt tainers. In the past, units used to make ory of Human Motivation’ written in and hygienic supply and distribution of loading and packing plans for days, and 1943 by the American psychologist drinking water, used to be a big prob- it took hours to load materials when Abraham Maslow, which has yet to be lem. Over time, armies naturally be- the alarm was given. But now, units refuted, there is a hierarchy between gan to focus more on Logistic Support under alarm can, in a very short time, human needs, with the most basic be- Systems. During the last 10-15 years, place container type storage units on ing physiological needs, such as eat- major advances have been made in vehicles, categorised according to the ing, drinking, and other bodily needs. certain fields. type of material and movement priori- The need for safety ranks second, and ty, and get moving soon after. Once at is followed by other needs. That is why Can you give us any other examples their destination, the containers can Napoleon Bonaparte once said: “An concerning the use of Container be used directly on the vehicles, while army marches on its stomach.” Systems in the military? also remaining ready to move to an- The US Army started to use mobile Yusuf ÖZTİRYAKİ: Today, container other place at any time. The vehicles (trailer type) kitchens in the 1970s. By systems have rendered supply and can be loaded using the jack system on 2010 it had 3,500 of these kitchens, and services much easier. For example, the four corners of the containers, or there were plans to replace 25 percent US Armed Forces have been using other systems, such as forklift, crane, of them (875 units) with container type containers for transport services since and drops. kitchens. Additionally, we have also
Tactical Redeployable Expanding Container
September 2016 - 53 MSI ADVERTORIAL
learned from various sources that I mentioned earlier, we get an even Horacio Cartes, President of Paraguay, inspecting the water purification system of Öztiryakiler. in their inventories, they have 1,900 larger number. It is both said and writ- trailer type kitchens called Heat & ten that the annual volume of the con- container production capacity and use Serve for their first response units and tainer market is over two million units state of the art technology. In addition Special Forces. We’re not saying that and that today, there are more than 60 to the logistic systems I just men- we should definitely take them as an container factories in China. tioned, we will also establish inside example, but if the world’s strongest We are one of the few companies that containers vitally important systems and fastest army has established such has taken this subject further. We pro- such as command posts, operations a system, then we should also benefit duce containers and equip them with centres, signal centres, maintenance from this experience. kitchens, ovens, cold rooms, bath- centres, field hospitals and helicopter rooms, toilets, laundry rooms, health hangars. Finally, what would you like to say units, and water treatment systems. We produce both trailer- and contain- about the Logistic Support Systems We also produce armoured contain- er-mounted Logistic Support Systems. that enable the Armed Forces to gain ers. We signed a production contract This means that we help troops meet both time and mobility? with the Canadian company Weather- the most basic physiological needs Yusuf ÖZTİRYAKİ: Today there are 34 haven on March 18, 2016. It coincid- I’ve just mentioned. Right now we are million Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit ed with the 101st anniversary of the at an interesting stage for the defence (TEU) containers used in commerce Çanakkale Victory [The Turkish army’s industry. Basically, we help people to alone. In other words, that’s the num- victory in the Gallipoli Campaign]. By survive. ber of containers currently in circu- cooperating with this company, which I would like to thank you for giving me lation. When we also add the number is a world giant in the field of container the opportunity to share my opinions of containers used for the purposes production, we will both increase our on this subject.
54 - September 2016 Eylül 2016 - 55 MSI ANALYSIS
An Examination of Terror Attacks from an Engineering Perspective From the Suicide Bombing at the Intersection near Ankara Railway Station on October 10, 2015 to the Coup Attempt on July 15, 2016 Fikret KURAN * / [email protected] *Civil Engineer M.Sc. Süleyman POLAT * / [email protected] *Chemical Engineer, Ammunition and Explosive Expert, Judicial Referee
Summary ing civilians, soldiers and as well as in judicial and ad- size of explosions, as well as In recent times, three sui- police officers, while over ministrative investigations. the amount of explosives cide bombings have been 1,500 people were injured. detonated, have gained im- carried out in Ankara The This study analyses the ter- 1. Introduction portance. In the last decade, first of these attacks was ror attacks carried out in Man-made explosions re- comprehensive studies have carried out by two suicide Ankara, and shows that it sult in earthquake-like vi- been conducted on this is- bombers from DAESH, on is possible, within minutes brations. These tremor-like sue, including experimental October 10, 2015 in front of of the terrorist bombings jolts are called artificial trials by the USA and Isra- the Railway Station, where taking place, to identify the earthquakes. During the el. Theoretical information 102 people were killed and exact timing of the attack at Cold War period, nucle- on analysing explosions by more than 100 people were a sensitivity level of a split ar tests were monitored making use of seismic and injured. The second attack second, as well as the num- through seismograph re- acoustic records is avail- was carried out by the ter- ber of explosions, the type cords, allowing the other able in the references Kuran ror organisations PKK (the of explosive used and its countries to identify the (2014-a) and Kuran & Polat outlawed Kurdistan Work- TNT equivalent amount. The test locations and the size (2015). ers Party) and TAK (Kurd- timing of the bombings con- of nuclear tests. In addition In general, TNT and impro- istan Freedom Falcons) on ducted by F-16 fighter jets to monitoring nuclear tests, vised explosive devices (IED) February 17, 2016, with a in various locations during seismic records have also are used in the bomb at- bomb-laden vehicle that the coup attempt of July 15 been used in many extraor- tacks carried out in Turkey. was detonated near an were calculated chronologi- dinary incidents of great The composition of IEDs is army bus carrying military cally to the split second, and social impact, such as ter- generally a mixture of fuel personnel. In the attack, 29 the sonic booms and bomb rorist bomb attacks, mine oil and ammonium nitrate people were killed and 60 attacks were distinguished accidents, aircraft crashes, (AN) or fertilisers contain- people were injured. Using from one another. It is con- explosions in fuel pipelines, ing ammonium nitrate. the same method, members sidered that the methods and fuel tank explosions. Low amounts of explosives of the same terror organi- described in this article, Due to the increase in large with high detonation veloc- sations carried out the third which allow information to industrial accidents and ities, such as TNT, RDX or attack on March 13, 2016. be gathered in a very short large-scale terror attacks, C4 are used in order to ex- This time, civilians waiting period of time, can be used particularly in recent years, plode IEDs with ammonium at the bus stop near Güv- in emergency management studies aiming to identify the nitrate content. The deto- enpark, Kızılay were target- ed. In this attack, 36 people Table 1. Detonation velocities of pure AN and fertilisers containing AN (Source: ABS Consulting Report) were killed and more than Type of Explosive Winding Material Mixture Material Booster Velocity of Detonation (VoD) m/s 100 people were injured. Pure AN Steel N/A 100 gr PA 1,230 Finally, a coup attempt was Pure AN Steel N/A 50 gr Tetryl 1,310 carried out by agents of the Pure AN Steel N/A 60 gr Tetryl 1,470 Gülenist Terror Organisa- Pure AN Steel N/A 250 gr Tetryl 2,700 tion (FETÖ) on the night of AN Powder Steel Carbon C4 and RDX 1,250 July 15, 2016, and during Fertiliser Steel Wax-clay 50 gr Comp. A3 1,370 the incidents, a total of 246 Fertiliser Paper Unknown 225 gr Comp. C 1,100 Unless stated otherwise, all the figures were provided by authors. Fertiliser Steel Unknown 50 gr Comp. A 1,350 © people were killed, includ-
56 - September 2016 nation velocity is reduced 2016. The closest seismo- in cases where the ratio of graph stations to both attack fuel oil in the mixture is low- locations are: er or higher than a certain n The Kandilli Observatory value. No empirical studies and Earthquake have been conducted in our Research Institute’s country on the identification seismograph station, of the detonation velocities with the code of of IEDs. Conducting empir- KO-LOD located in ical studies to identify the Ankara-Lodumlu, technical features of these n The METU (Middle kinds of explosives is con- East Technical sidered to be important. The University) station of the detonation velocities of pure Disaster and Emergency aluminium nitrate and fer- Management Authority tilisers during the explosion (AFAD), and that occurred at the fer- n The United States tiliser factory of ABS Con- Geological Survey’s Figure 1. Sound recordings of the Ankara Attack dated October 10, 2015: sulting company in Texas, (USGS) seismograph a) Sound and Spectrogram Graphs for Both Blasts b) Spectrogram Graph USA, in 2013 are described station, codename ANTO of the First Blast with a 10 Times Extended Time Scale c) Spectrogram as being within the ranges that is operated by Graph of the Second Blast with a 10 Times Extended Time Scale shown in Table 1. As Salz- AFAD on METU’s land in ano et al. (2014) states that Yalıncak. lisecond long video image er and the pressure cooker the detonation velocities of The digital recordings of of the attack. The spectro- was put among the audi- Triacetone Triperoxide Per- these stations were tak- gram graphs of the sound ence. Although this terror oxyacetone (TATP) type IEDs en from the websites of record that were generat- incident was not a suicide is 1,400 m/s, we believe that European Integrated Data ed from this video image bombing, it also involved the detonation velocity of Archive (EIDA) and AFAD, in time-frequency medium two sequential blasts in a the IEDs (with AN content) and analysed accordingly allows us to get the sound manner similar to the Rail- used in the bomb attacks (www.orfeus-eu.org/eida; record of the second blast way Station attack in Anka- in Ankara can be assumed www.deprem.gov.tr). clearly, just before the end ra. It was also stated in the to be 1,350 m/s. This value of the record where there FBI’s reports that the blasts is certainly likely to vary in 2.1. Suicide Bomb are no images. It can be occurred with an interval of each IED, depending on the Attack at the seen that the second blast 13 seconds. It can be seen knowledge and skills of the Intersection Near the occurred 1.987 seconds - in in the video recordings on person designing it. Railway Station on other words 13 millisec- the Internet that the sec- October 10, 2015 onds less than two seconds ond blast occurred 12.967 2. Seismic and At 10.04 a.m. on October 10, - after the first one. In the seconds after the first one. Acoustic Records of 2015, twin suicide bomb- first blast, the time elapsed The reason for the interval the Terrorist Bomb ings were conducted by the until the sound reached the between the blasts, which Attacks Carried Out DAESH terror organisation recorder was longer than was 33 milliseconds less in Ankara during the peace rally at- the time elapsed in the sec- than 13 seconds, is believed Since the amount of explo- tended by various civil so- ond blast. Thus, the time to be due to the fact that sives used in the suicide ciety organisations at the difference between the two the person who recorded bombing conducted by the intersection near Ankara blasts was calculated as 13 the video was, just as in the DAESH terror organisation Railway Station. The at- milliseconds less than two Ankara attack, closer to the on October 10, 2015 was very tacks were carried out con- seconds. Due to the time second point of explosion limited, there are no seismic secutively by two suicide difference of 13 millisec- by about 13 metres While or acoustic records of that bombers who were DAESH onds, it was calculated that the two second interval be- incident. This attack was militants, and 107 people the person who recorded tween the two blasts in the hence analysed by using the in addition to the bombers the video was four or five Railway Station attack ap- sound recordings obtained were killed in the explo- metres closer to the second pears to be the product of from the video images of the sion. Official statements explosion point compared coincidence, the possibility moment of the explosion. On reported that four kilos with the first one. that a timer and a remote the other hand, seismic and of TNT strengthened with In 2013, a terror attack was control device might have acoustic records are avail- steel balls was used in the carried out in Boston, USA, been used, as was the case able for the bombings car- first blast, while five kilos of in the form of two blasts in the Boston attack, should ried out by the PKK and TAK TNT was used in the second that occurred with an inter- not be ruled out. terror organisations with blast. val of 13 seconds. Gunpow- The sound recordings of bomb-laden cars on Febru- The first blast is seen in der type explosives were both blasts in the Rail- ary 17, 2016 and March 13, the eight second, 389 mil- used to fill a pressure cook- way Station attack were
September 2016 - 57 MSI ANALYSIS
slowed down 10 times, and spectrogram graphs of the blasts were generated in the time-frequency me- dium (Figure 1). The time lag of the secondary shock wave of the second blast can be clearly seen on this graph, and is calculated to be 11 milliseconds. On the other hand, although it is not very distinct, it was cal- culated from the graph of the first blast that the time lag of the secondary shock wave was also 11 milli- seconds. If the attack was conducted using an ANFO Figure 2. The geographic locations of the terror attacks in Ankara that were carried out using vehicles (Ammonium nitrate-fuel and the geographical locations of the seismic stations oil) type explosive, then the first explosion would have ruary 17, during the evening tances between the loca- stations recorded the seis- required 0.75 kg TNT equiv- rush hour. In addition to the tion of the terror attack and mic and acoustic waves alent ANFO (0.90 kg ANFO), suicide bomber, 29 people the closest seismograph caused by the explosion while the second explosion were killed and 60 people stations, namely the METU, in the terror attack, while would have required 0.90 were injured in this terror ANKO and KO-LOD sta- no vibration recordings kg TNT equivalent ANFO attack. According to official tions, were 6,600, 6,610 and were observed at the (1 kg ANFO). These values statements, the attack oc- 7,150 metres, respectively KO-LOD seismic station. In are inconsistent with the size curred at 18:31 local time, (Figure 2). the analysis of the seismic of the blast and the number and was carried out by a The examination of the and acoustic recordings, of casualties it caused. On suicide bomber sitting in recordings revealed that a Butterworth filter was the other hand, if the type a passenger car. The dis- both the ANTO and METU applied within the range of explosive used was TNT, Table 2. Parameters obtained from the seismic and acoustic recordings of the attack of February 17, 2016 the amount of TNT used in the first and the second ex- Seismic Stations METU ANTO plosion are calculated as Distance to the Location of Attack 6,600 m 6,610 m 4.5 kg and 5.5 kg, respec- Arrival Time of the P Wave 18:31:16.765 18:31:16.846 tively. When the calculated Calculated Time Arrival Time of the Acoustic Wave 18:31:34.445 18:31:34.464 amounts of explosives and of Attack Travel Time of Sound Wave 19.10 s 19.12 s the impact of the explosion 18:31:15.341±0.2 Speed of Sound Wave at 150C 340.35 m/s are taken into consideration, Average Speed of Shock Sound Wave 345.55 m/s 345.71 m/s it is more likely that TNT was Time Lag Before Secondary Shock Wave (∆t=tMS-tSS) - 0.183 s used in the attack. The types and amounts of explosives that were identified based on the sound recordings also match the information pro- vided by the official authori- (a) ties.
2.2 Seismic and Acoustic Recordings Relating to the Terrorist Attack Conducted at Merasim Street on February 17, 2016 (b) A terrorist bomb attack was conducted against service buses carrying Turkish Figure 3. During the attack of February 17; a) The seismic and acoustic waves recorded by METU and ANTO stations Armed Forces (TAF) per- b) Spectrogram graphs of the seismic and acoustic recordings of METU and ANTO stations in time-frequency medium sonnel on Wednesday Feb-
58 - September 2016 sphere, the seismic energy nitrate-containing IED as was lower (Figure 3). 1,350 m/s, the TNT equiva- The time lag before the lent weight was calculated secondary shock wave was as 90 kg. When the conver- calculated as Δt=0.183 s sion coefficients used for (183 milliseconds) for the the TNT equivalent weight bomb attack (Figure 4). It are taken as 0.42 and 0.33, was calculated that, in the the weight of the IED used Figure 4. The time lag of the secondary shock wave calculated based case of factory-made ANFO in the attack was calculated on the acoustic waves at ANTO Station type explosive being used as 215-270 kg. in the attack, the required In the media, it was stated of 0.5-8 Hz. Based on the the Afyonkarahisar Am- amount of TNT equivalent that the terror attack re- analysis of the seismic munition Depot Explosion explosive would have been sulted in a two metre-wide waves, the time of the at- that occurred on Septem- 800 kg (940 kg ANFO). On crater. Since the attack was tack was calculated to be ber 5, 2012, and the Gun- the other hand, when the carried out with a car, the 18:31:15.34±0.2 local time. powder Depot Explosion in relationship determined for centre of blast is assumed In other words, the terror Hasandede, Kırıkkale, that TNT type explosives was to be 0.80 m higher than attack of February 17 took occurred on August 20, used, the amount of TNT the surface. Using an equa- place 31 minutes 15 sec- 2013 (Kuran 2014-a). While type explosive required was tion formulated based on onds and 34 milliseconds the duration of acoustic calculated to be 3,500 kg. previous blasts that have past 18:00 (Table 2). waves is much shorter in The amounts of explosives occurred at a certain level As seen in the Ankara surface explosions com- calculated based on the as- from the surface, the TNT bombing incident of Feb- pared with seismic waves, sumption that either ANFO equivalent weight of the ex- ruary 17, seismograph sta- the magnitude of these or TNT was used are incon- plosive was calculated as tions can record acoustic acoustic waves are higher. sistent with the size of the 85 kg. Although we cannot (sound) waves as well as This phenomenon, which blast. Besides, it is physi- confirm the size of the cra- seismic waves if the blast was observed during the cally impossible to fit such ter described by the media occurs on the surface (Kop- terror attack of February amounts of explosive into outlets, the TNT equivalent er et al., 1999; 2002; Gitter- 17, indicates that the blast a passenger vehicle. This amount calculated accord- man and Hofstetter, 2012; occurred either on the sur- indicates that an IED with ing to this parameter is Gitterman, 2013; Kriste- face, or at a certain height lower velocity of detonation close to the TNT equivalent kova et al., 2008; Evers et from the surface. As most was used in the attack. By amount (90 kg) calculated al., 2007). Similar acoustic of the liberated energy was taking the velocity of det- based on the assumption waves were observed in released into the atmo- onation of the ammonium that the velocity of detona-
© tion was 1,350 m/s.
Federal Emergency Management Agency The document called FEMA 426 (2003) ‘Refer- ence Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings,’ pub- lished by US Federal Emer- gency Management Agen- cy, describes the ranges of TNT equivalent amounts of explosives that can be used according to the type of vehicle, as well as the structural and environmen- tal damages that are likely to occur as a result of the shock wave. The data from this document are shown in Figure 5. The possible TNT equivalent amount that can be carried in a passenger vehicle is given as 100-500 lb (45-225 kg). It can be seen that the calculated weight of TNT equivalent of 90 kg is also consistent with the Figure 5. The TNT equivalent amounts and influence areas of explosives as per FEMA 426 values given in FEMA 426.
September 2016 - 59 MSI ANALYSIS
Table 3. Parameters obtained from the seismic and acoustic recordings of the attack of March 13, 2016 Seismic Stations METU ANTO KO-LOD Distance to the Location of Attack 7,665 m 7,675 m 8,370 m Arrival Time of the P Wave 18:46:08.273 18:46:08.275 18:46:08.425 Calculated Time Arrival Time of the Acoustic Wave 18:46:28.700 18:46:28.698 18:46:30.841 of Attack Travel Time of Sound Wave 22.08 s 22.08 s 24.22 s 18:46:06.620±0.2 Speed of sound at 130C 339.16 m/s Average Speed of Shock Sound Wave 347.15 m/s 347.60 m/s 345.58 m/s Time Lag Before Secondary Shock Wave (∆t=tMS-tSS) 0.220 0.224 -
Table 4. Amounts of explosives calculated based on the two suicide bombers. Other was 3.8 m/s at north-north- time lag before the secondary shock wave than the suicide bombers, east direction. The speed Seismic Station IED (TNT Equivalent Weight-kg) IED (kg) 36 people were killed and of sound waves in the at- ANTO 170 kg 400-515 kg 125 people were injured in mosphere is 339.16 m/s at o METU 160 kg 380-485 kg the terror attack. Official a temperature of 13 C and AVERAGE 165 kg 390-500 kg statements describe that when there is no airblast ef- the attack was conducted at fect. It can be seen that the 18:45 local time. When the speed of the acoustic waves relevant recordings are ex- were increased by the air- amined, it can be seen that blast effect that occurred all three seismic stations after the explosion, with the recorded both the seismic waves reaching the seismic and acoustic waves caused stations 0.52, 0.55 and 0.45 by the blast that occurred seconds earlier, respec- during the terror attack. tively. As expected, the av- As a result of the analysis erage speed of sound wave, about seismic waves, the calculated based on exist- (a) time of attack was calcu- ing recordings, decreases lated as 18:46:06.62±0.2 with distance and becomes local time. In other words, closer to reaching the flex- the terror attack on ible limit. March 13 took place 46 When the attack of minutes 6 seconds and 62 March 17 is examined in the milliseconds past 18:00. frequency medium, scal- (Table 3). loping is observed in the (b) Similarly to the attack of spectrogram (Figure 7), in- Figure 6. Recordings of the METU, ANTO and KO-LOD seismic stations February 17, the magnitude dicating that there may be concerning the attack of March 13 (a) and the seismic and acoustic of acoustic waves of the more than one blast at the recordings of the ANTO Station (b) March 13 attack is larger millisecond level. The anal- than seismic waves. This yses carried out in the time According to FEMA 426, the 2.3. Seismic and indicates that the blast oc- and frequency medium also area of effect for an IED that Acoustic Recordings curred either on the sur- indicate that a second blast is equivalent to 90 kg of TNT Relating to the Terror face or at a certain height with a relatively lower im- can be calculated as follows: Attack in Kızılay on from the surface. As most pact took place 1.33 sec- The distance limit in which March 13, 2016 of the liberated energy was onds after the main blast. the explosion may result On the evening of March 13, released into the atmo- By using acoustic waves, in partial collapse of rein- a terrorist bomb attack was sphere, the seismic ener- the time lag before the forced concrete in buildings/ carried out at a bus stop gy was lower (Figure 6). At secondary shock wave was structures was determined near Güvenpark, Kızılay. the moment of the attack, calculated as Δt=0.224 s as 6.7 metres. The distance The attack was conduct- the weather in Ankara was (224 milliseconds) by ANTO limit from the centre of ex- ed with a passenger car by 13oC, and the speed of wind station, which is located a plosion for fatal injuries was calculated as 33 metres, while the distance limit for non-fatal injuries was cal- culated as 58 metres, the distance limit for injuries re- sulting from broken glass as 112 metres, and the distance limit for breaking glass as Figure 7. Spectrogram graphs in the time-frequency medium of the acoustic recordings of ANTO Station (on the left), 160 metres. KO-LOD Station (in the middle), and METU Station (on the right) concerning the March 13 attack
60 - September 2016 erence, it can be seen that the amount of explosive used in the March 13 at- tack was 1.8 times greater than the amount used in the February 17 attack.
3. Coup Attempt of July 15, 2016, Figure 8. Three components of the attack of March 13, as recorded by ANTO Station (on the left) and the vertical and the Chronology component from the recordings of METU Station (on the right), the time lags of the secondary shock waves of F-16 Air Strikes Members of FETÖ carried distance of 7,675 m, and limit from the centre of limited, the impact of the out a coup attempt on the as Δt=0.220 s (220 milli- explosion for fatal injuries blast on the surrounding night of July 15. Among seconds) by METU station, was calculated as 46 me- area is consistent with the those who resisted the which is located at a dis- tres, while the distance amount of explosive calcu- coup-plotters, 246 people, tance of 7,665 m from the limit for non-fatal injuries lated based on FEMA 456. most of whom were civil- attack site (Figure 8). No was calculated as 64 me- While three seismic stations ians, were killed. During the significant secondary shock tres, the distance limit for recorded the March 13 at- coup attempt, members of waves were observed in the injuries resulting from bro- tack, the February 17 attack the FETÖ terror organisa- KO-LOD station. ken glass as 145 metres, was recorded by only two of tion conducted bombing at- As was the case with the and the distance limit for the stations. Although an tacks with F-16 fighter jets February 17 attack, the breaking glass as 200 me- evaluation of the acoustic against several locations. In amounts of explosives cal- tres. Despite being relative- recordings indicates that addition, many sonic booms culated based on the as- ly limited. the effect of the the temperature was lower occurred in the skies over sumption that either ANFO blast on the surrounding and the distance between Ankara, as the fighter jets or TNT was used in the at- area was also examined. the location of attack and broke the sound barri- tack are inconsistent with While there was more bro- the station was higher in er. The ANTO, METU and the observed size of the ken glass in the buildings the March 13 attack, the KO-LOD seismic stations blast. Furthermore, it is at the corner of Kumrular average acoustic speed of recorded the vibrations that physically impossible to Street than are situated 185 the wave was calculated to occurred both as a result fit such amounts of explo- metres from the location be higher compared to the of the sonic booms and the sive into a passenger car. of blast, it was observed February 17 attack. These bombing attacks conduct- This shows that an IED with that a large window on the findings show that the ed by the F-16s. Places in lower velocity of detonation TMO building at a distance amount of explosive used Ankara that were bombed was used in the attack. The of 198 metres was also in the March 13 attack was by the coup plotters during TNT equivalent weight was broken. No broken glasses higher than the amount of the coup attempt includ- calculated as 165 kg by tak- were observed in the neigh- explosive used in the Feb- ed TÜRKSAT, the Gölbaşı ing the velocity of detona- bouring buildings that are ruary 17 attack. When the Police Special Operations tion of the IED as 1,350 m/s, located 10-15 metres from TNT equivalent weights Centre (PSOC), the Anka- and by using the time lags this building. Although the calculated based on the ra Police Department, the before the secondary shock amount of empirical data secondary shock wave pa- Turkish Grand National waves recorded by ANTO that could be obtained was rameter are taken as a ref- Assembly (TGNA), and the and METU stations (Table 4). On the other hand, when Table 5. The distances of seismic stations to the locations that were bombed the coefficient of TNT equiv- TÜRKSAT Gölbaşı PSOC Police Department TGNA Presidential Complex Akıncı alent weight of IED is taken ANTO 25,400 m 8,400 m 9,500 m 6,800 m 6,700 m 30,700 m as 0.33 and 0.42, the weight METU 25,400 m 8,400 m 9,500 m 6,800 m 6,700 m 30,700 m of the IED used in the attack KO-LOD 28,000 m 11,800 m 8,700 m 7,700 m 5,500 m 27,300 m is calculated as being in the region of 390-500 kg. Table 6. The locations and timings of F-16 attacks calculated on seismic and acoustic recordings According to FEMA 426, Attack No. Target Timing (hour:minute:second.millisecond) the area of effect of an IED 1 Gölbaşı Police Special Operations Centre 23:17:25.900 . that is equivalent to 165 2 Gölbaşı Police Special Operations Centre 23:59:20.990 kg of TNT is calculated as 3 Ankara Police Department 00:55:38.354 follows: The distance limit 4 Ankara Police Department 01:07:34.814 that may result in partial 5 TGNA 02:33:09.005 collapse of reinforced con- 6 TGNA 03:22:49.665 crete in buildings/struc- 7 TGNA 03:23:47.567 tures was determined as 8 Presidential Complex 06:16:32.913 8.5 metres. The distance 9 Presidential Complex 06:17:44.982
September 2016 - 61 MSI ANALYSIS
Presidential Complex. er jets reached or broke the On the other hand, air units sound barrier. Explosions of the TAF bombed the caused by TNT, ANFO or Akıncı Air Base, which was IEDs occur as a result of being used as an operations chemical reactions, and the base by the coup plotters. energy release takes place The distances of these lo- almost immediately, in cations that were bombed two or three milliseconds. Figure 9. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings at to the ANTO, METU and When an object breaking METU Station concerning the F-16 attacks number 1 and number 2 that were KO-LOD seismic stations the sound barrier causes conducted against Gölbaşı PSOC (between 23:00-23:59) are given in Table 5. a sonic boom, it is actu- An evaluation of the record- ally a physical phenome- ings of the seismic stations non. Many sonic booms shows that there are three occurred during the coup different types of vibration attempt and in most cases, recorded. The first one is witnesses confused them the recording of the seis- with bomb blasts. Records mic and acoustic vibrations indicate that sonic booms resulting from bombing do not generate seismic attacks, which were cov- waves. The third type of vi- ered and explained in the bration recording is the re- Figure 10. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings of ANTO previous section. By ana- cording of sounds made by Station concerning the F-16 attack number 3 that was conducted against Ankara lysing these recordings, the F-16 fighter jets while flying Police Department (between 00:00-00:59) location of each bombing at a low altitude and at less attack was identified, and than the speed of sound. As their timing was calculated with sonic booms, this type at the level of milliseconds of vibration does not result (Table 6). The error margin in seismic vibrations that in the calculated timings of can be recorded by seis- the attacks is within ±0.2 mic stations. However, the seconds. The distance of duration of these acoustic TÜRKSAT and the Akıncı Air recordings is longer than Figure 11. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings Base to the seismic stations that of sonic booms, and and of the sonic boom acoustic recordings at KO-LOD Station concerning is relatively greater than to their magnitude is higher the F-16 attack number 4 that was conducted against Ankara Police Department the other locations. Thus, at certain frequencies (Fig- (between 01:00-01:59) since no seismic and acous- ure 9-16). tic recordings are available It is possible to see that for any of the blasts that the first target of the coup happened at these two lo- plotters was the police unit, cations, the timing of the since they had the capa- explosions at these places bility of fighting back. The could not be calculated. first F-16 attack took place The second type of vibra- at the Gölbaşı Police Spe- tion that was recorded by cial Operations Centre at the seismic stations was 23:17:25.90, and 41 minutes the acoustic recording of 55 seconds after this at- Figure 12. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings and of the sonic boom acoustic recordings at METU Station concerning the F-16 the sonic booms that oc- tack, at 23:59:20.99, a sec- attack number 5 that was conducted against the TGNA (between 02:00-02:59) curred when the F-16 fight- ond attack was carried out
Figure 13. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings and of the Figure 14. Vertical component of the seismic and acoustic recordings of sonicŞekil boom9. Gölbaşı acoustic PÖH’e recordings yapılan 1at ve ANTO 2 numaralı Station concerningF-16 saldırılarının, the F-16 attacksODTÜ ANTO Station concerning the F-16 attacks number 8 and 9 that were numberİstasyonu 6 and sismik 7 that ve were akustik conducted kaydın against düşey bileşeni the TGNA (saat (between 23.00-23.39 03:00-03:59) arası) conducted against the Presidential Complex (between 06:15-06:20)
62 - September 2016 Figure 16. METU Station’s vibration recordings of the vertical component Figure 15. Vertical component of the vibration recordings and spectrogram and spectrogram graph concerning the sound waves that occurred graph at ANTO Station concerning sound waves caused by typical sonic booms as a result of the F-16 flights conducted at low altitude against the same location. campus of the Presidential features of the ammunition Police Special Operations Fifty police officers were Complex at 06:17:44.982, used. The Mk84 bomb (850 Centre, the Ankara Police martyred at the Gölbaşı 1 minute 12 seconds after kg TNT) is the consecutive Department, the Turkish Police Special Operations the eighth attack. As there blast effect ammunition Grand National Assembly, Centre, the place where was only a 57.9 second time used in the inventories of and the Presidential Com- both attacks were con- difference between the the Turkish Armed Forces, plex were calculated at a ducted. The third attack sixth and seventh attacks while the Mk82 (224 kg TNT) millisecond level, and the of the coup plotters was against TGNA, there is a is a type of ammunition with number and locations of conducted against the An- strong possibility that the a lower amount of explosive the air strikes were deter- kara Police Department at same fighter jet conducted and single blast feature. It is mined. In addition, sonic 00:55:38.354. The fourth these attacks. The same therefore believed that the booms were differentiated bomb attack was also con- can possibly be claimed Mk82 bomb was used in at- from the bombing attacks, ducted against the same for the eighth and ninth tack number 6 that was car- and the actual number of location at 01:07:34.814, attacks conducted against ried out against the TGNA, air strikes other than the 11 minutes 56 seconds af- the Presidential Complex, while the Mk84 was used in ones conducted against ter the third attack. The with a time difference of 1 the other attacks. TÜRKSAT and the Akıncı Air fifth bomb attack was con- minute 12 seconds. Since Base was identified. ducted against TGNA at the type of explosive used in 4. Conclusion Attacks conducted with a 02:33:09.005. Both the me- the ammunition has a high In this study, the timing of high number of bombs can dia and the parliamentar- velocity of detonation, the the terror attacks carried be recorded by seismic re- ians who were at the site time lag before their sec- out on October 10, 2015, corders; however, when during the attack stated ondary shock is very short. February 17, 2016, and the seismic sensors are not that the TGNA was bombed For this reason, the amount March 13, 2016 were calcu- very close to the location of at 02.38, 02.42 and 02.49. of explosives could not be lated at a millisecond level, a small explosion, as was However, recordings from calculated. Analysis of the along with the number of the case with the attack the seismic stations show recordings shows that two blasts that occurred during conducted against Ankara that these blasts were not types of ammunition were these attacks, and the types Railway Station on October associated with bomb- used in the bombing at- and TNT equivalent weights 10, these recorders will not ing attacks, but that they tacks. It is believed that of the explosives used. Fol- be able record any seis- were instead sonic booms while ammunition with a lowing this, the TNT equiva- mic movements. With such caused by F-16 fighter jets lower amount of explosive lent weights were convert- small-scale explosions, exceeding the speed of was used in attack number 6, ed depending on the type of information about the type sound. The sixth and the which was conducted against explosive, and the weights and amount of explosive, seventh F-16 attacks were the TGNA at 03:22:49.665, of the explosives used were as well as the timing of the also conducted against the same type of ammuni- calculated accordingly. explosion, can be calculat- TGNA at 03:22:49.665 and tion with a higher amount of Since no seismic recordings ed from the sound track 03:23:47.567 with an in- explosives was used in the are available for the suicide obtained from video record- terval of 57.9 seconds. The other attacks. It was also bomb attack that was per- ings. Furthermore, it is be- eighth attack was con- observed that while a single formed in front of Ankara lieved that placing pressure ducted against a location blast occurred during attack Railway Station on October sensors with continuous between the General Com- number 6 against the TGNA, 10, 2015, a video record- measurement features in mand of Gendarmerie and two consecutive blasts took ing was used instead in the cities at different locations the Presidential Complex place in the remaining at- analysis. Concerning the might be very helpful in at 06:16:32.913. Finally, tacks between the seconds coup attempt of July 15, the identifying the location and the ninth attack was con- 0.16-0.25. It is believed that timing of bombing attacks timing of such attacks, as ducted against a location these consecutive blasts conducted by F-16 fight- well as the type and amount near Millet Mosque in the were due to the technical er jets against the Gölbaşı of explosives used.
September 2016 - 63 MSI ANALYSIS
The analysis of seismic and of America, Vol.103, No:2A, Based Nuclear Explosion 19. Kuran F. (2014-b) “Suriye acoustic recordings allow pp.741-758 Monitoring Technologies, İç Savaşının İstihkâmcılık for the sensitive identifica- 6. Evers L.G., Cerenna L., Ranco Mirage, Açısından İrdelenmesi” MSI tion of the timing and lo- Haak H.W., Le Pichon A., California-USA, 20-22 Dergisi, Sayı:113, sayfa 58-69 cation of incidents. There Whitaker R.W. (2007), “A September 20. Mihelic B. (2013) “Unplanned is, undoubtedly, always an Seismoacoustic Analysis of 13. Koper K.D., Wallace T.C., Explosions at Munitions error margin involved when the Gas-Pipeline Explosion Aster R.C. (2003), Sites (UEMS),” The 6th calculating the amount near Ghislenghien in “Seismic Recordings of Workshop of the South East of explosives using these Belgium” Bulletin of the the Carlsbad, New Mexico Europe Regional Approach recordings. 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64 - September 2016 September 2016 - 65 MSI EVENTS Prepared by: Birol TEKİNCE / [email protected]
H.E. Dr. Amanullah Jayhoon, Deputy Prime Minister İsmail Kahraman, Speaker of the Ambassador of the Islamic Veysi Kaynak the Turkish Grand National Republic of Afghanistan Assembly
Afghan Independence Day Celebrated with High-Ranking Guests fghanistan’s 97th Independence ADay was celebrated at a reception held in Ankara on August 19. Accom- panied by the embassy staff, His Ex- cellency Dr. Amanullah Jayhoon, the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Turkey, greeted the guests at the entrance. The recep- tion was attended by İsmail Kahra- man, Speaker of the Turkish Grand H.E. Dr. Amanullah Jayhoon, the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan together with the personnel of the Afghan Embassy while welcoming. National Assembly (TGNA); Gener- al Hulusi Akar, Commander of the serving in Ankara; foreign attachés “The Turkish nation’s resistance and Turkish Armed Forces; Veysi Kaynak, and many other guests. fight for democracy has sent the plot- Deputy Prime Minister; members of Delivering his speech during the cer- ters of the coup deep into the pages the Turkish Armed Forces; diplomats emony in Turkish, Dr. Jayhoon said: of history, effectively eliminating the MSI TDR ©
All Photographs: H.E. Dr. Amanullah Jayhoon, the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan together with the protocol participated in the reception.
66 - September 2016 Eylül 2016 - 67 MSI EVENTS
COL Andrey DOVGER, Military and Air Force Attaché of Russia Federation, Staff COL QinLi ZHENG, Defence Attaché of P.R. Chine, COL Milan KRANJEC, Defence Attaché of the Republic of Slovenia, BG Turki Abdulhussein WALEED, Defence Attaché of Iraq, BG Jozef VIKTORIN, Defence Attaché of the Slovak Republic, COL Yordan FILEV, Military, Air and Naval Attaché of Bulgaria. possibility such a coup ever happen- stan through the Turkish Cooperation exceeded 850. Our efforts to provide ing again. This has made the Turkish and Coordination Agency (TİKA) for support to the Afghan people, our government far stronger than it was the sake of Afghanistan’s develop- brothers, in 34 provinces in the fields before. The Afghan parliament has ment. Currently, Afghanistan is the of education, health, infrastructure, also strongly condemned this coup country where Turkey is conducting and capacity-building will continue in attempt and shown its support. Af- the highest number of projects.” the coming period as well.” ghanistan will always stand by its İsmail Kahraman, Speaker of TGNA, Following these speeches, His Ex- Turkish brothers.” who delivered the last speech of the cellency Jayhoon, the Ambassador of Deputy Prime Minister Kaynak, who ceremony, said the following about the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to was the next to take the floor, said: relations between the two countries: Turkey, cut the ceremony cake togeth- “Turkey has been conducting its most “The number of projects Turkey has er with the protocol members. The re- comprehensive projects in Afghani- conducted in Afghanistan so far has ception then ended with cocktails.
68 - Eylül 2016