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Hot Shot Furnaces
•>»•>»•>»•»)»?•?»•»)•>»?»•>»<«•(«•<«•«««•<«•(«•«<•<«•«(• Hot Shot Furnaces NATIONAL PARK SERVICE POPULAR STUDY SERIES HISTORY No 7. •?»•)»•?»•?»•»?»)•?»-»)•>»•>»<«•«<•<«•<«•<«•<«•(«•«<•<«•<«« For sale by Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington Price lOfi NATIONAL PARK SERVICE POPULAR STUDY SERIES History No. 7 Hot Shot Furnaces UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, NEWTON B. DRURY, Director Filled section of the moat at Fort Marion National Monument, St. Augustine, Fla. The hot shot furnace is seen in the left middleground. {From a drawing by Samuel O. Smart.) Hot Shot Furnaces1 By Herbert E. Kahler, Chief, Historic Sites Division, Branch of Historic Sites, and F. Hilton Crowe, Assistant Historical Technician. 1> EXT to the dungeon, no other feature at Fort Marion National Monument elicits so many questions as does the hot shot furnace. Visitors are interested in knowing when this old structure was built, and why and how it was used. Hot shot antedates gunpowder itself. In 54 B. C, the Britons launched heated clay balls into the tents of the invad ing Romans with great effectiveness. With the advent of gunpowder there was considerable hesitancy in using hot shot because of the great difficulty in controlling the time of the explosion, but experimentation finally developed a clay that separated the hot ball from the powder. In 1579, the King of Poland successfully carried on a siege by employing hot cannon balls in his guns. The use of heated shot became increasingly important in coast defense, especially in the destruction of wooden vessels. During the siege of Gibraltar in 1782 a part of Spain's fleet was set on fire and destroyed by hot shot. -
Outfitting USS Constitution During the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle
Outfitting USS Constitution during the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2019 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Outfitting USS Constitution during the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................1 Ship Fittings and Timber for the Hull and Deck ...............................2 Rigging, Sails, Masts, Spars, and Yards .......................................4 Paint ....................................................................6 Armaments: Long Guns, Carronades, Howitzers, and Small Arms ...............8 Boats ...................................................................14 Navigational Instruments and Charts .......................................16 Cabin and Berth Deck Fittings and Furnishings ..............................19 Fuel and Lighting ........................................................22 Galley ..................................................................25 Citing this publication ....................................................26 A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2019 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Introduction A working warship required not only large numbers of men to run efficiently and effectively, but also mountains ofstuff. The men who served the guns had to be fed and clothed, certainly, but the guns themselves required hundreds of items to keep them in good repair and functioning properly. Ravaged regularly by the sea, the very fabric of a wooden vessel -
United States Joint Operations During the Tripolitan Campaign of 1805
UNITED STATES JOINT OPERATIONS DURING THE TRIPOLITAN CAMPAIGN OF 1805 Athesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE by . : DAVID M. KING, MAJ, USA B.A., University of California, Berkeley, 1981 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 1994 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Name of Candidate: Major David M. King Thesis Title: United States Joint Operations in the Tripolitan Campaign of 1805 Approved by: id,.,A .Thesis Committee Chairman Michael D. Pearlman. Ph.D. AAde/-. , ,Member hur T. Frame, Ph.D. , ember LTC Richard V. Barbuto, M.A. Accepted this 3rd Day of June 1994by: ,Director, Graduate Degree Programs Philip J. Brookes, Ph.D. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General St& College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoing statement.) ABSTRACT UNITED STATES JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE TRIPOLITAN CAMPAIGN OF 1805 by MAJ David M. King, USA, 137 pages In 1801, Yusef Caramanli, rulei of Tripoli, declared war on the united States. Yusef expected the United States to agree to pay tribute in exchange for protection from Tripolitan corsairs. Instead, President Thomas Jefferson sent the navy. Four years later, the war continued. When a former consul to Tunis named William Eaton proposed using Yusef's brother Hamet in a campaign against Tripoli, Jefferson agreed to let him try. -
The Naval War of 1812, Volume 3, Index
The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History Volume III 1814–1815 Chesapeake Bay, Northern Lakes, and Pacific Ocean Part 7 of 7 Naval Historical Center Department of the Navy Washington, 2002 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2011 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. Index Certain aspects of the treatment of persons and vessels in this index supple ment annotation in the volume. PERSONS: The rank of military personnel, whenever ascertainable, is the high est rank attained by the individual by the end of 1815. When all references to an individual lie outside that span, the rank is the highest applicable to the per son at the time to which the text refers. Vessels that civilians and naval person nel commanded during 1814 and 1815 are noted in parentheses at the end of the person's entry. The abbreviation USFS is used to distinguish those officers who served in the flotilla service and not in the U.S. Navy. VESSELS: In most cases, vessels are identified according to their use and rig such as Essex, US frigate; Industry, American merchant brig; Earl of Moira, HM sloop of war-according to the best information available. Since the use and rig of a vessel could vary, nomenclature used to iden tify vessels refers to the years 1814-15. When all references to the vessel lie outside that year, the nomencla ture is that applicable to the vessel at the time to which the text refers. The names of commanders of warships for 1814-15, including privateers but not most gunboats, are noted in parentheses at the end of their vessels' entry. -
Grade 8 Social Studies
Grade 8 Social Studies: Year-Long Overview To be productive members of society, students must be critical consumers of information they read, hear, and observe and communicate effectively about their ideas. They need to gain knowledge from a wide array of sources and examine and evaluate that information to develop and express an informed opinion, using information gained from the sources and their background knowledge. Students must also make connections between what they learn about the past and the present to understand how and why events happen and people act in certain ways. To accomplish this, students must: 1. Use sources regularly to learn content. 2. Make connections among people, events, and ideas across time and place. 3. Express informed opinions using evidence from sources and outside knowledge. Teachers must create instructional opportunities that delve deeply into content and guide students in developing and supporting claims about social studies concepts. In grade 8, students explore the economic, political, and social changes that have formed Louisiana’s identity as they learn about Louisiana’s geography, colonial Louisiana, Antebellum period, Civil War and Reconstruction Era, Jim Crow Louisiana, Civil Rights Era and modern day Louisiana (aligned to the Grade 8 GLEs). A S O N D J F M A M u e c o e a e a p a Grade 8 Content g p t v c n b r r y t What is the legacy of Pre-Colonial and Colonial settlement and X X Eras colonization on an area's identity? Louisiana Purchase How did an expanding through Battle of New United -
The Battle of Plattsburgh : What Historians Say About It
The Battle of Plattsburgh What Historians Say About It The centennial of this great naval contest, the last fought between English-speaking nations and which effectually checked the British advance into New York and hastened the consummation of peace, is to be celebrated at Plattsburgh, on Lake Cham- plain, New York, on September 6 to 11, 1914 -i>! y^ ?tu ^Vi ^y^i^ ^ Ot^^n^^iA^J^::^ r ^^^. ~> Comiiiodnre Thomas Macdonough, U. S. Navy L . S. Ship Saratoga off Plattsburgh, September ii, 1S14 Sir: The Almighty has been pleased to grant us a signal victory on Lake Champlain in the capture of one Frigate, one Brig and two sloops of zcar of the enemy. I have the honor to be Very respectfully. Sir, your ob't. Serv't. T. Macdonough, Com. Hon. fJ . Jones, Secretary of the Navy. The Battle of Plattsburgh WHAT HISTORIANS SAY ABOUT IT Obverse of Gold Medal presented to Commodore Macdonough by Congress The centennial of this great naval contest, the last fought between English- speaking nations, which effectually checked the British advance into New York and hastened the consummation of peace, is to be celebrated at Plattsburgh, on Lake Champlain, New York, on Septem- ber 6 to II, 1914 ALBANY, N. Y. J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1914 NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION PLATTSBURGH CENTENARY FRANCIS LYXDE STETSON, Chairman, 15 Broad Street, New York Cit\'. THOMAS F. CONWAY', J' ice-Chairman, 32 Nassau Street, New York City. JAMES A. FOLEY, Chairman Executive Committee, 261 Broad- \va\'. New York City. LOREN H. WHITE, Treasurer, Delanson, N. Y.