DOCSLIB.ORG

Neves S. P., O. Bruguier, A. Vauchez, D. Bosch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neves S. P., O. Bruguier, A. Vauchez, D. Bosch Precambrian Research 149 (2006) 197–216 Timing of crust formation, deposition of supracrustal sequences, and Transamazonian and Brasiliano metamorphism in the East Pernambuco belt (Borborema Province, NE Brazil): Implications for western Gondwana assembly Sergio´ P. Neves a,∗, Olivier Bruguier b, Alain Vauchez c, Delphine Bosch c, Jose´ Maur´ıcio Rangel da Silva a, Gorki Mariano a a Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-530 Recife, Brazil b ISTEEM, Service ICP-MS, Universit´e de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France c Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, Universit´e de Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France Received 21 July 2005; received in revised form 10 January 2006; accepted 21 June 2006 Abstract The main structural feature of the central domain of Borborema Province (NE Brazil) is a network of dextral and sinistral shear zones. These shear zones rework an older, regionally developed, flat-lying foliation in orthogneisses and supracrustal belts, which in the East Pernambuco belt was formed under amphibolite facies conditions. This study reports LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks aiming to constraint the pre-transcurrent tectonothermal evolution in the Eastern Pernambuco domain. Ages of 2125 ± 7 and 2044 ± 5 Ma in a mafic layer of banded orthogneiss are interpreted as the age of the protolith of the orthogneiss and of high-grade Transamazonian metamorphism, respectively. The latter age is consistent with the occurrence of low Th/U, metamorphic zircon xenocrysts, dated at 2041 ± 15 Ma, in the leucosome of a migmatitic paragneiss. A granitic orthogneiss dated at 1991 ± 5 Ma reflects late to post-Transamazonian magmatic event. A similar age (1972 ± 8 Ma) was found in rounded zircon grains from a leucocratic layer of banded orthogneiss. Ages of detrital zircons in a paragneiss sample indicate derivation from sources with ages varying from the Archean to Neoproterozoic, with peak ages at ca. 2220, 2060–1940, 1200–1150 and 870–760 Ma. Detrital zircons constrain the deposition of the supracrustal sequence to be younger than 665 Ma. Magmatic zircons with the age of 626 ± 15 Ma are found in the leucosome of a migmatitic paragneiss and constrain the age of the Brasiliano high-temperature metamorphism. A lower intercept age of 619 ± 36 Ma from a deformed granodiorite dated at 2097 ± 5 Ma and the crystallization age of 625 ± 24 Ma of the felsic layer of banded orthogneiss also confirm the late Neoproterozoic metamorphism. These results show that the present fabric in basement and supracrustal rocks was produced during the Brasiliano orogeny. Paleoproterozoic ages reported in this study are similar to those found in other sectors of the Borborema Province, the Cameroon and Nigeria provinces, and the Sao˜ Francisco/Congo craton. They show the importance of the Transamazonian/Eburnean event and suggest that these tectonic units may have been part of a larger, single continental landmass. Likewise, similarities in post- Transamazonian metamorphic and magmatic events in the Borborema, Nigeria and Cameroon provinces suggest that they shared a common evolution and remained in close proximity until the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Laser ablation ICP-MS; Zircon U–Pb geochronology; Neoproterozoic belts; Transamazonian orogeny; Brasiliano orogeny ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 81 2126 8240; fax: +55 81 2126 8236. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.P. Neves). 0301-9268/$ – see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.06.005 198 S.P. Neves et al. / Precambrian Research 149 (2006) 197–216 1. Introduction Pajeu´ belt, Alto Moxoto´ belt and East Pernambuco belt (Fig. 1). There is broad consensus that most of western To improve knowledge and address the controversial Gondwana was already formed by 600 Ma. Continen- points above, zircon grains from samples from the East tal reconstructions for this period (e.g., Caby et al., Pernambuco belt were dated by laser ablation inductively 1991; Castaing et al., 1994; Trompette, 1997) show that coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The the Brasiliano/Pan-African Borborema, Cameroon and aim of this study is threefold: (1) constrain the timing Nigeria provinces occupied a central position in relation of magmatic and metamorphic events and of deposition to the Amazonian and West Africa cratons, to the west, of supracrustal sequences, (2) compare its geological the Sao˜ Francisco/Congo craton, to the south, and the evolution with other regions in northeastern Brazil and Saharan metacraton (Abdelsalam et al., 2002), to the east with the Pan-African belts of Nigeria and Cameroon, and (Fig. 1). In the lack of paleomagnetic data, understand- (3) assess how these domains and surrounding cratons ing how and when this configuration was reached rely on pulled together to make up western Gondwana. geological and geochronological grounds. Knowledge of the tectonothermal history of the late Neoproterozoic 2. Geological setting belts is thus essential to evaluate possible correlations between adjacent (within individual provinces) and dis- 2.1. Regional geology tant (transcontinental) units and, therefore, to provide insights into the dynamics of amalgamation of western The Borborema Province is characterized by a com- Gondwana. plex network of large transcurrent shear zones (Vauchez The Precambrian crustal evolution of the Borborema et al., 1995; Fig. 1). In the central domain, a linked system Province has been much debated in recent years. Resolv- of E–W- to ENE–WSW-striking dextral and NNE–SSW- ing some critical pending issues is necessary to elabo- to NE–SW-striking sinistral shear zones is spatially rate continental reconstructions for the Neoproterozoic. associated with abundant granitic and syenitic plutons In the central domain, comprised between the Patos (Fig. 1B; Vauchez and Egydio-Silva, 1992; Guimaraes˜ and Pernambuco shear zone systems (Fig. 1), the most and Da Silva Filho, 1998; Ferreira et al., 1998; Neves and controversial issues are (1) the existence of a contrac- Mariano, 1999; Neves et al., 2000; Silva and Mariano, tional event in the early Neoproterozoic (Cariris Vel- 2000). A former shallow-dipping regional foliation is hos orogeny, ∼1 Ga; Brito Neves et al., 1995), and preserved in orthogneisses and metasediments outcrop- (2) whether or not terranes accretion took place dur- ping between the strike slip-related steeply dipping to ing this proposed orogeny. The suggestion of an early vertical mylonitic zones. The metamorphic grade under Neoproterozoic orogeny resulted from the discovery of which this foliation was developed differs between the 1000–900 Ma-old intermediate to felsic metavolcanic Cachoeirinha belt and the Alto Pajeu,´ Alto Moxoto´ and rocks and orthogneisses in the Alto Pajeu´ belt (Fig. 1; East Pernambuco belts. The Cachoeirinha belt consists Brito Neves et al., 1995; Van Schmus et al., 1995; of greenschist facies metapelites, metagreywackes and Kozuch et al., 1997; Brito Neves et al., 2000, 2001a; bimodal metavolcanics (Bittar and Campos Neto, 2000; Kozuch, 2003). Peraluminous orthogneisses intercalated Kozuch, 2003; Medeiros, 2004) deformed at relatively in the supracrustal sequence were interpreted as syncol- high pressures (6–9 kbar; Sial, 1993; Caby and Sial, lisional granites. Santos and Medeiros (1999) proposed 1997). Its low metamorphic grade stands in contrast with that the Alto Pajeu´ belt is one of four tectonostrati- that of the other three belts, which were regionally heated graphic terranes that amalgamated during the Cariris above 500 ◦C under low- to medium-pressures metamor- Velhos and Brasiliano orogenies to constitute the cen- phic conditions (Vauchez and Egydio-Silva, 1992; Bittar tral domain. Several authors (Mariano et al., 2001; and Campos Neto, 2000; Leite et al., 2000a; Neves et al., Guimaraes˜ and Brito Neves, 2004; Neves, 2003 and ref- 2000). erences therein) have, however, questioned the existence Orthogneiss complexes underlie large areas of the of the Cariris Velhos orogeny and the terrane accre- Alto Pajeu,´ Alto Moxoto´ and East Pernambuco belts. tion model, suggesting, instead, continuity between the They yielded U–Pb and Pb–Pb evaporation ages mostly proposed terranes since the Paleoproterozoic Transama- varying from 2.2 to 2.0 Ga (Santos, 1995; Van Schmus zonian orogeny. Therefore, in this paper, the following et al., 1995; Leite et al., 2000b; Brito Neves et al., non-genetic terms will be used to describe supracrustal 2001b; Melo et al., 2002; Kozuch, 2003; Neves et al., successions and orthogneisses occurring from west to 2004; Santos et al., 2004a), and Sm–Nd data indicate the east in the central domain: Cachoeirinha belt, Alto existence of Archean protoliths for some of these Pale- S.P. Neves et al. / Precambrian Research 149 (2006) 197–216 199 Fig. 1. (A) South America–Africa fit showing cratons and Neoproterozoic provinces of western Gondwana, and sketch highlighting main shear zones in Borborema Province. (B) Schematic geological map of eastern Borborema Province showing location of the studied area in the East Pernambuco belt (EPB) of central domain. Dashed lines highlight boundaries between the central and northern domains, and between the Cachoeirinha (CB), Alto Pajeu´ (APB) and Alto Moxoto´ (AMB) belts. PaSZ, Patos Shear Zone system; EPSZ, East Pernambuco Shear Zone system; WPSZ, West Pernambuco Shear Zone system. oproterozoic orthogneisses (Van Schmus et al., 1995;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Martian Crater Morphology
    ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Fall Unamagazine
    FALL 2011 • VOLUME 19 • No. 3 FOR ALUMNI AND FRIENDS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH ALABAMA Cover Story 10 ..... Thanks a Million, Harvey Robbins Features 3 ..... The Transition 14 ..... From Zero to Infinity 16 ..... Something Special 20 ..... The Sounds of the Pride 28 ..... Southern Laughs 30 ..... Academic Affairs Awards 33 ..... Excellence in Teaching Award 34 ..... China 38 ..... Words on the Breeze Departments 2 ..... President’s Message 6 ..... Around the Campus 45 ..... Class Notes 47 ..... In Memory FALL 2011 • VOLUME 19 • No. 3 for alumni and friends of the University of North Alabama president’s message ADMINISTRATION William G. Cale, Jr. President William G. Cale, Jr. The annual everyone to attend one of these. You may Vice President for Academic Affairs/Provost Handy festival contact Dr. Alan Medders (Vice President John Thornell is drawing large for Advancement, [email protected]) Vice President for Business and Financial Affairs crowds to the many or Mr. Mark Linder (Director of Athletics, Steve Smith venues where music [email protected]) for information or to Vice President for Student Affairs is being played. At arrange a meeting for your group. David Shields this time of year Sometimes we measure success by Vice President for University Advancement William G. Cale, Jr. it is impossible the things we can see, like a new building. Alan Medders to go anywhere More often, though, success happens one Vice Provost for International Affairs in town and not hear music. The festival student at a time as we provide more and Chunsheng Zhang is also a reminder that we are less than better educational opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Widespread Crater-Related Pitted Materials on Mars: Further Evidence for the Role of Target Volatiles During the Impact Process ⇑ Livio L
    Icarus 220 (2012) 348–368 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Widespread crater-related pitted materials on Mars: Further evidence for the role of target volatiles during the impact process ⇑ Livio L. Tornabene a, , Gordon R. Osinski a, Alfred S. McEwen b, Joseph M. Boyce c, Veronica J. Bray b, Christy M. Caudill b, John A. Grant d, Christopher W. Hamilton e, Sarah Mattson b, Peter J. Mouginis-Mark c a University of Western Ontario, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Earth Sciences, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7 b University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA c University of Hawai’i, Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Ma¯noa, HI 96822, USA d Smithsonian Institution, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA e NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA article info abstract Article history: Recently acquired high-resolution images of martian impact craters provide further evidence for the Received 28 August 2011 interaction between subsurface volatiles and the impact cratering process. A densely pitted crater-related Revised 29 April 2012 unit has been identified in images of 204 craters from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. This sample of Accepted 9 May 2012 craters are nearly equally distributed between the two hemispheres, spanning from 53°Sto62°N latitude. Available online 24 May 2012 They range in diameter from 1 to 150 km, and are found at elevations between À5.5 to +5.2 km relative to the martian datum. The pits are polygonal to quasi-circular depressions that often occur in dense clus- Keywords: ters and range in size from 10 m to as large as 3 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Martian Subsurface Properties and Crater Formation Processes Inferred from Fresh Impact Crater Geometries
    Martian Subsurface Properties and Crater Formation Processes Inferred From Fresh Impact Crater Geometries The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Stewart, Sarah T., and Gregory J. Valiant. 2006. Martian subsurface properties and crater formation processes inferred from fresh impact crater geometries. Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences 41: 1509-1537. Published Version http://meteoritics.org/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4727301 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Meteoritics & Planetary Science 41, Nr 10, 1509–1537 (2006) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Martian subsurface properties and crater formation processes inferred from fresh impact crater geometries Sarah T. STEWART* and Gregory J. VALIANT Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 October 2005; revision accepted 30 June 2006) Abstract–The geometry of simple impact craters reflects the properties of the target materials, and the diverse range of fluidized morphologies observed in Martian ejecta blankets are controlled by the near-surface composition and the climate at the time of impact. Using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data set, quantitative information about the strength of the upper crust and the dynamics of Martian ejecta blankets may be derived from crater geometry measurements.
    [Show full text]
  • First Year of Coordinated Science Observations by Mars Express and Exomars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter
    MANUSCRIPT PRE-PRINT Icarus Special Issue “From Mars Express to ExoMars” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113707 First year of coordinated science observations by Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter A. Cardesín-Moinelo1, B. Geiger1, G. Lacombe2, B. Ristic3, M. Costa1, D. Titov4, H. Svedhem4, J. Marín-Yaseli1, D. Merritt1, P. Martin1, M.A. López-Valverde5, P. Wolkenberg6, B. Gondet7 and Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Science Ground Segment teams 1 European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid, Spain 2 Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France 3 Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium 4 European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 5 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain 6 Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica, Roma, Italy 7 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, Paris, France Abstract Two spacecraft launched and operated by the European Space Agency are currently performing observations in Mars orbit. For more than 15 years Mars Express has been conducting global surveys of the surface, the atmosphere and the plasma environment of the Red Planet. The Trace Gas Orbiter, the first element of the ExoMars programme, began its science phase in 2018 focusing on investigations of the atmospheric composition with unprecedented sensitivity as well as surface and subsurface studies. The coordination of observation programmes of both spacecraft aims at cross calibration of the instruments and exploitation of new opportunities provided by the presence of two spacecraft whose science operations are performed by two closely collaborating teams at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC). In this paper we describe the first combined observations executed by the Mars Express and Trace Gas Orbiter missions since the start of the TGO operational phase in April 2018 until June 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • In Pdf Format
    lós 1877 Mik 88 ge N 18 e N i h 80° 80° 80° ll T 80° re ly a o ndae ma p k Pl m os U has ia n anum Boreu bal e C h o A al m re u c K e o re S O a B Bo l y m p i a U n d Planum Es co e ria a l H y n d s p e U 60° e 60° 60° r b o r e a e 60° l l o C MARS · Korolev a i PHOTOMAP d n a c S Lomono a sov i T a t n M 1:320 000 000 i t V s a Per V s n a s l i l epe a s l i t i t a s B o r e a R u 1 cm = 320 km lkin t i t a s B o r e a a A a A l v s l i F e c b a P u o ss i North a s North s Fo d V s a a F s i e i c a a t ssa l vi o l eo Fo i p l ko R e e r e a o an u s a p t il b s em Stokes M ic s T M T P l Kunowski U 40° on a a 40° 40° a n T 40° e n i O Va a t i a LY VI 19 ll ic KI 76 es a As N M curi N G– ra ras- s Planum Acidalia Colles ier 2 + te .
    [Show full text]
  • Simulating Martian Regolith in the Laboratory
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Planetary and Space Science 56 (2008) 2009–2025 www.elsevier.com/locate/pss Simulating Martian regolith in the laboratory Karsten Seiferlina,Ã, Pascale Ehrenfreundb, James Garryb, Kurt Gundersona,E.Hu¨tterc, Gu¨nter Karglc, Alessandro Maturillid, Jonathan Peter Merrisone aPhysikalisches Institut, Universita¨t Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland bAstrobiology Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands cInstitut fu¨r Weltraumforschung, Graz, O¨sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Austria dGerman Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute for Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin-Adlershof, Germany eAarhus Mars Simulation Laboratory, Aarhus University, Denmark Received 6 December 2007; received in revised form 21 July 2008; accepted 21 September 2008 Available online 15 October 2008 Abstract Regolith and dust cover the surfaces of the Solar Systems solid bodies, and thus constitute the visible surface of these objects. The topmost layers also interact with space or the atmosphere in the case of Mars, Venus and Titan. Surface probes have been proposed, studied and flown to some of these worlds. Landers and some of the mechanisms they carry, e.g. sampling devices, drills and subsurface probes (‘‘moles’’) will interact with the porous surface layer. The absence of true extraterrestrial test materials in ample quantities restricts experiments to the use of soil or regolith analogue materials. Several standardized soil simulants have been developed and produced and are commonly used for a variety of laboratory experiments. In this paper we intend to give an overview of some of the most important soil simulants, and describe experiments (penetrometry, thermal conductivity, aeolian transport, goniometry, spectroscopy and exobiology) made in various European laboratory facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Mapping of Vinogradov Crater on Mars: Ancient Phyllosilicates to Alluvial Fans
    45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014) 2382.pdf GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF VINOGRADOV CRATER ON MARS: ANCIENT PHYLLOSILICATES TO ALLUVIAL FANS. S. A. Wilson1, J. A. Grant1, C. M. Weitz2 and R. P. Irwin1 1Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 6th St. at Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC, 20560 ([email protected]), 2Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719. Introduction: Southern Margaritifer Terra on Mars preserves a long geologic history of water-related activity (Fig. 1). The northward-draining Uzboi– Ladon–Morava (ULM) outflow system dominates drainage in southwest Margaritifer Terra [1-4] and was incised during the Late Noachian to Hesperian [2]. Holden crater formed in the mid to Late Hesperian [5] and blocked the northern end of Uzboi, creating an enclosed basin that filled as a large paleolake [6]. The geology of Vinogradov crater and vicinity, located ~200 km west of Ladon basin and 250 km northwest of Holden crater (Fig. 1), is consistent with the long and diverse history of water in the region to the east [5]. Figure 2. Vinogradov crater is flanked by fan-bearing craters Roddy (D=85.8km; 21.7ºS, 320.6ºE), Gringauz (D=71.0km; 20.7ºS, 324.3ºE) and Luba (D=38.8km, 18.3ºS, 323ºE). Phyllosilicates are found in the depression (dashed line) between ejecta from Roddy and Gringauz (Fig. 3). MOLA 128 pixel/degree with 25 m contours over THEMIS daytime IR mosaic. Figure 1. Southern Margaritifer Terra indicating major place names. Stars show craters containing alluvial fans [7-8].
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use
    Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 6 IUCN - The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biologi- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna cal diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- of fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their vation of species or biological diversity. conservation, and for the management of other species of conservation con- cern. Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: sub-species and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintaining biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of bio- vulnerable species. logical diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conservation Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitoring 1. To participate in the further development, promotion and implementation the status of species and populations of conservation concern. of the World Conservation Strategy; to advise on the development of IUCN's Conservation Programme; to support the implementation of the • development and review of conservation action plans and priorities Programme' and to assist in the development, screening, and monitoring for species and their populations.
    [Show full text]
  • '1 Tanganyika
    '1 TANGANYIKA . EXHIB TION HANDBOOK V611 N2 H 004191 ~ -­ ,·~tt'.· . r:-. · . FLAX HEMP SISAL .. JUTE ALL DESCRIPTIONS Wi 82, ~1: VIS: Av· ONDON." ys, DUNDE::·--- --- -- -L -IV_E_R_ P_O_O_ L_ =-:-,..._ -r-... ~15 : 6, Euclid Crescent. 9. P · ,on C ourt, sa. Rue J ean- BELFAST : Cr Street. Jacques Rossea~~o Textile Building, I ~ YORK: BOLOGNA: L inenhall Street. s... •roadway. Via Oegli, Artieri No. a. CONTENTS PAGK OF TUB TERRITORY I ION' OF TilE TERRITORY:­ ion ••• 9 lte ••• II f-;~~crip.~.~n :-... ... 15 !Vegetation ••• ••• ••• 15 \nimals, Wild and Tame •.• 18 De Human Element ••• 19 ~owns and Communications 19 cts ••• ••• · 2l ,1 and Sanitation 31 ltunications :­ <ailways ••• 35 .:.oads 40 ~'osts and Telegraphs 40 l•lC ... · 4Z ~uages 47 51 l:tain.;.;~ng sB [lini_stration and Law 62 cation ••• ••• 6J .TURE:- eral ••• .... 69 ive Agricultural Industry 70 Plantation Industry 78 ::>NDITIONS 91 L OF EX·ENEMY PROPERTY 93 CoNDITIONS,,, 96 .TURAL ASSISTANCE ••• 97 AND CATTLE PRODUCTS ,,;, 99 y 107 AND MINERALS IIJ ( i.i I A• CONTENTS Geaeral ... ••• . ••• -· ••• Commen:ial Aooodatlous uul Fl.- ... Plantas' Aalciatl0111 and ~lemben ••• Castollll ••• - .;. :Ouiks Hotels and Shops ... ... ... APPENDIXES L Imports uul Exports II. Cenlus ••• III. Roada ..., JV. Admiaistratlve Districts and Sub-Districts v .. Details of Saleo ol ex-Enemy Property ... VI. :RaiDfRII _ ... vu. Game ••• · VUL Native Wooda IX. List of Book• Having Reference to the Territory X. Lisi of PubHcatloa~ Iasned la tbe Territocy XI. Weights uul Measures of tbe Territory ... XII. List ol Exh.iblton and Exhibits ... _ ... ·Map ol the Territory. Map Showing the Chief District. of the Principal Exporlll, ( iv) 2 HISTORY OF THE TERRITOR'\ of the conquering Arabs, it disappeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimircm TESE.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEODINÂMICA E GEOFÍSICA TESE DE DOUTORADO Evolução Geodinâmica e Condicionamento Estrutural dos Terrenos Piancó-Alto Brígida e Alto Pajeú, Domínio da Zona Transversal, NE do Brasil. Autor: Vladimir Cruz de Medeiros Tese n0 09/PPGG ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Emanuel Ferraz Jardim de Sá – PPGG/UFRN CO-ORIENTADORES Prof. Dr. Venerando Eustáquio Amaro – PPGG/UFRN Prof. Dr. Fernando César Alves da Silva – PPGG/UFRN Natal - RN, Setembro de 2004 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEODINÂMICA E GEOFÍSICA TESE DE DOUTORADO Evolução Geodinâmica e Condicionamento Estrutural dos Terrenos Piancó-Alto Brígida e Alto Pajeú, Domínio da Zona Transversal, NE do Brasil. Autor: Vladimir Cruz de Medeiros Tese de doutorado apresentada em 30 de Setembro de 2004, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Geodinâmica pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica da UFRN. Comissão Examinadora: PROF. Dr. Emanuel Ferraz Jardim de Sá (DG-PPGG-UFRN-Orientador) PROF. Dr. Venerando Eustáquio Amaro (DG-PPGG-UFRN-Co-Orientador) PROF. Dr. Walter Eugênio de Medeiros (DFTE-PPGG-UFRN) PROF. Dr. Elton Luiz Dantas (DG-UnB) Dr. Edilton José dos Santos (CPRM-Serviço Geológico do Brasil) Natal - RN, Setembro de 2004. - DEDICATÓRIA - Aos familiares Marília O. Cruz (in memorian). Silvino S. Medeiros (in memorian). Maria E. Medeiros (in memorian). Francisco das Chagas. Maria das Graças Souza. iii - AGRADECIMENTOS - A iniciativa de realizar e o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho contou com a colaboração e incentivo de várias pessoas e instituições, as quais queremos registrar os nossos agradecimentos.
    [Show full text]
  • An Approach to the Brasiliano-Pan African Cycle and Orogenic Collage
    155 by Benjamim Bley de Brito Neves1, Mário da Costa Campos Neto1, and Reinhardt Adolfo Fuck2 From Rodinia to Western Gondwana: An approach to the Brasiliano-Pan African Cycle and orogenic collage 1- Instituto de Geociências - Universidade de São Paulo. S. Paulo-SP. 2- Instítuto de Geociências - Universidade de Brasílía. Brasílía-DF. The basement of the South American platform displays east), Tocantins (Central-eastern, part of the Central- the lithostructural and tectonic records of three major western), Pampean (Central-southwestern) and Man- orogenic collages: Middle Paleoproterozoic (or tiqueira (East-southeast). Transamazonian), Late Mesoproterozoic/Early Neopro- terozoic and Late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian, the Brasil- Introduction iano-Pan African collage. The first two collages have their records in the basement of the Syn-Brasiliano cra- The history of the geologic evolution of the South American conti- tons and Brasiliano Fold Belts. nent from the Neoproterozoic to the early Cambrian is recording all The development of the Brasiliano-Pan African the steps of the development of a complete and wide tectonic cycle, collage started in Early Neoproterozoic times, with the in terms of J.T. Wilson. This means, from the fission/disarticulation of a former Late Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent (Rodinia) – up to first events of breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent, the further fusion/agglutination of a newer supercontinent — West- and it has been characterized by diachrony since their ern Gondwana (Pannotia). early beginnings. The processes of break up and fission For the two major tectonic phenomena then developed (fission and subsequent fusion) it is necessary to remark, since now, the took place in different time intervals (ca.
    [Show full text]