The Practices of Japan's Cultural Diplomacy
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THE PRACTICES OF JAPAN’S CULTURAL DIPLOMACY THROUGH THE JAPAN FOUNDATION IN PROMOTING JAPANESE MOVIES IN INDONESIA (2013-2016) By ANDINI YULINDASARI 016201300011 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities, International Relations Study Program President University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomacy Studies January 2019 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET iii ABSTRACT Andini Yulindasari, (016201300011), The Practices of Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy through The Japan Foundation in Promoting Japanese Movies in Indonesia (2013-2016) Advisors: Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. Practices in diplomacy has been shifting as globalization pushes further the importance of establishing relations between states and its people. This also influence the methods and approaches that are being used by state actors in planning its foreign policy. Most state actors nowadays, if not all, have been actively pursuing its national interest with any means necessary. For Japan, correcting its image it gained from the World War II one of the most important national interests for them as stated in Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan paragraph 1 and 2. One of its ways in order to restore its image into a peace-loving democratic state is to design and plan its public and cultural diplomacy as Japan is rich with cultures both traditional and modern. One of Japan’s institutions that plays an active part in cultural diplomacy is the Japan Foundation. There has been many activities, projects, and programs that the institution has done over the years. It has established many of its overseas offices to help govern the cultural exchange activities and its other programs, including in Republic of Indonesia. The Japan Foundation, Jakarta plays an important role to project and present Japan in presence of the Indonesian people as many still have sentiment towards their pre-war image and war trauma. One of its activities include the promoting of Japanese films. This research uses the qualitative method by gathering and examining the subject from publications, speeches, statements, and official reports from Japan government as primary sources. This research provides detailed programs and activities done by the Foundation in promoting Japanese movies in Indonesia during 2013 until 2016. This research thus describes of how the Foundation promote Japan’s cultural diplomacy with films as its media through its programs and activities, such as Cinema Caravan, movie screenings, and Japanese film festivals. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Government Institution, the Japan Foundation (JF), Japanese Film Promotion iv ABSTRAK Andini Yulindasari, (016201300011), The Practices of Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy through The Japan Foundation in Promoting Japanese Movies in Indonesia (2013-2016) Pembimbing: Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. Praktik dalam diplomasi telah mengalami perubahan karena fenomena globalisasi semakin mendorong pentingnya membangun hubungan antara negara dan rakyatnya. Ini juga mempengaruhi metode dan pendekatan yang digunakan oleh aktor negara dalam merencanakan kebijakan luar negerinya. Sebagian besar aktor negara saat ini, jika tidak semua, telah aktif mengejar kepentingan nasionalnya dengan segala cara yang diperlukan. Bagi Jepang, mengoreksi citranya yang diperoleh dari Perang Dunia II salah satu kepentingan nasional yang paling penting bagi mereka sebagaimana tercantum dalam Konstitusi Pasal 9 ayat 1 dan 2. Salah satu caranya untuk mengembalikan citranya menjadi negara demokrasi yang cinta damai adalah dengan merancang dan merencanakan diplomasi publik dan diplomasi budaya karena Jepang kaya dengan budaya tradisional dan modern. Salah satu lembaga Jepang yang memainkan peran aktif dalam diplomasi budaya adalah the Japan Foundation. Ada banyak kegiatan, proyek, dan program yang telah dilakukan oleh institusi ini selama bertahun-tahun. Institusi ini telah mendirikan banyak kantor cabang di luar negeri untuk membantu mengatur kegiatan pertukaran budaya dan program lainnya, termasuk di Republik Indonesia. The Japan Foundation, Jakarta memainkan peran penting untuk memproyeksikan dan memperkenalkan Jepang kepada masyarakat Indonesia karena banyak yang masih memiliki sentimen terhadap citra pra-perang dan trauma perang terhadap Jepang. Salah satu kegiatannya termasuk mempromosikan film Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisa publikasi, pidato, pernyataan, dan laporan resmi dari pemerintah Jepang sebagai sumber utama. Penelitian ini akan memberikan rincian program-program dan kegiatan- kegiatan yang telah dilakukan oleh institusi ini dalam mempromosikan film Jepang di Indonesia selama tahun 2013 hingga 2016. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana the Japan Foundation mempromosikan diplomasi budaya Jepang dengan film sebagai media melalui program-program yang telah dirancang, seperti, Cinema Caravan, pemutaran film, dan festival film Jepang. Kata Kunci: Diplomasi Publik, Diplomasi Budaya, Institusi Pemerintah, the Japan Foundation (JF), Promosi Film Jepang v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmannirrahiim I am relieved and thrilled that I finally able to finish this thesis after many struggles as well as ups and downs that happened during the process. To finally being able to complete this important phase in my life, I, of course, cannot do it without help, motivation, prayers, suggestions, and critics from the people around me. Hereby, allow me to express my thanks and gratitude to them. I would like to thank Allah SWT the Almighty God for allowing me to reach this point in life and His blessings and guidance. To Prophet Muhammad SAW, may peace be upon him. I would like to thank my family, my mother and my sisters, for their supports in the process of this academic journey emotionally and physically. For my mother, Sri Rahmawati, thank you for being such a great mom and for always working hard to support and look out us. For my older sister, Dessy Widiastuti, and younger sister, Naily Inayah Safitri, for supporting me and forbearing with me up until now. And also for my late father, Alm. Akhmad Qomari, even though you are no longer here with us, you will always be with us in our hearts. I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Mr. Teuku Rezasyah for sharing his knowledge and guide me by giving advice, suggestions, and spend some of your precious time for consultations in between your busy schedules. Your feedbacks and inputs have helped a lot for me to be able to finish this thesis. I also would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Rizki M. Baskoro for his help, support, advice, and suggestions in the making of this thesis. I am very grateful to have you assigned as my second supervisor and make the time to guide me during thesis consultations and being very patient with me throughout the process. I thank you both for all your help and guidance for making this thesis finally be able to finish. I would like to thank the Head of the Study Program, Mr. Hendra Manurung, the entire staff and lecturers of the School of International Relations faculty who vi have shared the knowledge and many lessons that I learned during the time spent while I study here throughout the years. Without you I would never to learn and sharpen my skills and knowledge. I would like to give my sincere thanks to my friends that I have made throughout this journey. For my Perpisangan friends; Aniestri Allisya, Nimas Larasati, Deny Christi Riptiana, Farah Fadira, Riestu Febrina Ramadhani, Kak Lupita Citra, and Nurfitriana. Thank you for putting up with me with all my nagging and other stuffs that I do, and for not hesitating to scold me right back. Thank you for your support and the random stories and inappropriate jokes, which sometimes we get too excited to when it is not really that exciting. I hope we can be friends for as long as we possibly can even when we are busy with our own lives. To my PUNICO 2013 friends, thank you for all your help and patience. You guys bring colours to my life here as a university student. To my International Relations 2013 friends, PresUniv Magazine family, and my beloved Zero Win Female Futsal Team thank you for making my life as a student here in President University very exciting. Lastly, thank you for all of you who I cannot mention one by one for your support directly or indirectly. Hopefully this research will be useful for others in the future. Jakarta, 2019 Andini Yulindasari vii TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER .....................................................i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................ ii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................. iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................