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Technical, Environmental and Social Requirements of the Future Wind Turbines and Lifetime Extension WP1, Task 1.1

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Ares(2020)3411163 - 30/06/2020 Deliverable 1.1: Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension WP1, Task 1.1 Date of document 30/06/2020 (M 6) Deliverable Version: D1.1, V1.0 Dissemination Level: PU1 Mireia Olave, Iker Urresti, Raquel Hidalgo, Haritz Zabala, Author(s): Mikel Neve (IKERLAN) Wai Chung Lam, Sofie De Regel, Veronique Van Hoof, Karolien Peeters, Katrien Boonen, Carolin Spirinckx (VITO) Mikko Järvinen, Henna Haka (MOVENTAS) Contributor(s): Aitor Zurutuza, Arkaitz Lopez (LAULAGUN) Marcos Suarez, Jone Irigoyen (Basque Energy Cluster) Helena Ronkainen (VTT) 1 PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851245. 1 D1.1 – Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851245. 2 D1.1 – Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension Project Acronym INNTERESTING Innovative Future-Proof Testing Methods for Reliable Critical Project Title Components in Wind Turbines Project Coordinator Mireia Olave (IKERLAN) [email protected] Project Duration 01/01/2020 – 01/01/2022 (36 Months) Deliverable No. D1.1 Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension Diss. Level Public (PU) Deliverable Lead IKERLAN Working Status Verified by other WPs x Final version Due date 30/06/2020 Submission date 30/06/2020 Work Package WP 1 - Requirements and concepts development Work Package Lead IKERLAN Contributing All partners beneficiary(ies) In this task the technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines, and more precisely for bearings and gearboxes for large wind turbines will be defined. The requirements will be focused more deeply on pitch bearings and gearbox. The specifications will be technical (lifetime, structural integrity, environmental conditions, etc.), environmental performance, protection and footprint, economic issues, and social issues (effect on the population, public awareness on the topic, DoA social acceptance). This task will also comprehend the analysis of the lifetime extension tendency of existing wind farms (mainly onshore). VITO, expert in social and environmental innovation, CSR and social impact assessment will carry out specific actions to foster social acceptance. Selected partners will be invited to join to the Stakeholders Working Group of the project. To become successful, a dialogue will be established at EU level, involving the relevant transnational organisations. A co-creation meeting with This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851245. 3 D1.1 – Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension identified stakeholders will be carried out to include social requirements since the beginning of the project. This activity is completely linked with WP6 and WP7. Date Version Author Comment 05/06/2020 0.1 IKERLAN First draft of deliverable 11/06/2020 0.2 BEC Internal review 12/06/2020 0.3 VITO Internal review 29/06/2020 1.0 IKERLAN Final version The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and the Agency do not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851245. 4 D1.1 – Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension Table of Contents 0. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................11 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................14 2 MARKET TREND ANALYSIS ........................................................................................16 2.1 Energy consumption evolution and forecasts .........................................................16 2.1.1 Present and future installed capacity of wind energy .......................................18 2.1.2 Wind turbine manufacturers ............................................................................21 2.2 Turbine size evolution and forecast ........................................................................22 2.3 Pitch bearing evolution and forecast .......................................................................25 2.3.1 Pitch bearing types ..........................................................................................25 2.3.2 Pitch bearing diameter evolution .....................................................................27 2.4 Drive train and gearbox evolution and forecast .......................................................29 2.5 Current product development process and time to market .....................................32 2.6 Design lifetime requirement evolution and forecast ................................................34 2.7 Lifetime extension evolution and forecast ...............................................................35 2.8 Summary of forecast values ...................................................................................38 2.9 New technological concepts and trends .................................................................40 3 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE WIND TURBINES .....................43 3.1 Wind turbine noise .................................................................................................43 3.1.1 Types of noises ...............................................................................................43 3.1.2 Wind turbine noise recommendations .............................................................44 3.1.3 Wind turbine generator and noise relationship ................................................44 3.1.4 Conclusion on wind turbine noise ....................................................................45 3.2 Impact on flora and fauna .......................................................................................46 3.2.1 General ...........................................................................................................46 3.2.2 Specific case: bird interaction with wind turbines .............................................46 3.2.3 Conclusion on impact on flora and fauna.........................................................46 3.3 Visual impact of wind turbines ................................................................................47 3.4 Electromagnetic interference effects ......................................................................47 3.5 Land-use environmental impacts ............................................................................47 3.6 Shadow flicker and flashing ....................................................................................48 3.7 Environmental impacts based on life cycle assessment .........................................48 4 SOCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE WIND TURBINES .......................................50 4.1 Definition of social acceptance ...............................................................................50 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851245. 5 D1.1 – Technical, environmental and social requirements of the future wind turbines and lifetime extension 4.2 Aspects of social acceptance .................................................................................51 4.3 Influences on social acceptance .............................................................................52 4.4 Discussion on social acceptance ............................................................................53 4.5 Conclusion on social acceptance ...........................................................................54 5 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF GOOD PRACTICES .................................55 5.1 Identification of relevant projects ............................................................................55 5.1.1 WISE Power ....................................................................................................55 5.1.2 WinWind..........................................................................................................56 5.2 Identification of relevant research ...........................................................................56 5.2.1 Research outcomes by IEA Wind Task 28 ......................................................56 5.2.2 Other relevant research papers and articles ....................................................57 6 INNTERESTING CASE STUDIES:SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................60
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