Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Steps TowardIndependence veto veto campaign assign transport Know to Terms develop?Why conflict does Lesson 2: Burleson replaced Austin as commander. States to seekmoney and supplies forthe Texans. Edward there were 750 Mexican troops. TheTexans were still outnumbered. another 100 Mexican soldiers arrived to reinforce General Cós. Now early November, the Texans over Meanwhile, numbered 600. Bowie and Juan Seguín. N. Seguín ledacompany ofTejanos. By Among volunteer Texans at deBéxar were James late 1835? in gain People Guiding Question Military Action WWhen didithappen? ESSENTIAL QUESTION EESSENTIAL AE______DT ______DATE ______NAME S States for the United leaves Austin Stephen F. November 25: On November 25, 1835, Stephen F. Austin for the United left 1835 h S e to reject a bill passed by the legislature the by passed bill a reject to E n to give a task or job to N

takes place The November 26: T d to carry ormoveto from place carry objects to place a military operationa military I i A d The Winter of 1835–1836 L

i

t Q What military victories did the Army ofthe

h U Antonio San on attack leads Milam Benjamin December 6: a E p

S p T I San Antonio Mexicans surrender December 9: e O n N ?

governor’s veto governor’s overriding Matamoros, authorizes on attack 14:January

1836 Texas approach San Antonio his army enter Texas and January: Santa Anna and and Anna Santa Reading Essentials and Study Guide 1. 1. CLASS Marking Marking the Antonio. Mexican sides at San forces onthe Texas and Circle the number of Text dissolves dissolves government provisional February: ______Texas Texas 133 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Frank W. Johnson to to Johnson W. Frank ______CLASS CLASS assigning ed, or captured. wounded, responded with with responded Mexican army took command. called the Alamo. continued silver to pay Cós’s soldiers, so they planned an an planned so they soldiers, Cós’s pay to silver On the third day, Milam was killed and Johnson Johnson and killed was Milam day, third On the fight against Texans or the Constitution of 1824. Constitution or the Texans fight against On December 9, Cós asked for terms of surrender. for terms asked Cós 9, On December Mexican soldiers were kill were soldiers Mexican The surrender agreement required Mexicans to move move to Mexicans required agreement The surrender south of the Rio Grande. Cós promised never again to to again never promised Cós Rio Grande. the of south Mexican forces took refuge in the abandoned mission abandoned the mission in refuge took Mexican forces The battle lasted four days. Milam’s troops had the advantage. advantage. the had troops Milam’s days. four The battle lasted On November 26, a scout, Erastus “Deaf” reported Erastus that Smith, a scout, 26, On November Then a siege. the about ending thought Burleson By December, had Milam Benjamin decision. that with agreed everyone Not The attack began Milam. go with to About 300 men volunteered The Texans lost 2 men, and 21 were wounded. About 150 About 150 wounded. were 21 2 men, and lost The Texans cannon and musket fire, halting the Texans’ advance. Texans’ the fire, halting musket and cannon fight on open to trained was army Mexican the because is This streets. town battlefields, through not lead the other. The Texans were able to seize houses north houses seize of San to able were The Texans other. the lead The square. public Antonio’s Mexican cavalry, or soldiers on horses, and a mule train were were train a mule on horses, and or soldiers cavalry, Mexican be might caravan the thought Texans The Antonio. San to heading transporting but mules dozen three than more captured attack. Texans The The mule camp. their to returned when they disappointed were in animals feed the to but of grass of silver not full packs were Fight.” “Grass the its name: skirmish the gave This command. Cós’s Mexicans’ the that Texans the told officer and Mexican surrendered discussed The Texans limited. were supplies and low was morale attack. to not do but decided to what the with marched then and of Goliad part capture the a in taken that believed He attack. to wanted He Antonio. San to army He asked, fighting. keep to Texans victorymajor encourage would Antonio?” San into “Who old Ben Milam go with will two into force his divided Milam 5. December on dawn before and one himself leading columns, assigning

The Winter of 1835–1836, 1835–1836, of Winter The What does What mean? What happened to to happened What in the battle? Why did Benjamin Benjamin did Why Milam want to attack Antonio? San Why did the Texans Texans the did Why Spanish attack the mule train? Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading Explaining Explaining

Explaining 5.

4. 4. Defining

Identifying 3.

2. 2. NAME ______DATE 134 Lesson 2: Lesson Steps Toward Independence Toward Steps Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Steps TowardIndependence Lesson 2: argued over whowould lead the expedition. Johnson developed asimilar plan. Thegovernor and the council Smith and Sam to Meanwhile, plan an attack. Francis W. soldiers a reason to stay and fight. Dimmitt worked with Governoror military operation, against the Centralists would give restless intoa base forattacks . of it,the income could help pay for the war. Itwould also provide Matamoros was agreat source ofincome. IfTexas gained control came to a head over an expedition to Matamoros. The port of War favored Party total independence from Mexico. differences Party wanted to help the Federalists in Mexico. Governor Smith and the Party made it nearly impossible to make decisions. The councilbattling each other. Quarrels the War and between the Peace Party While the fighting ragedin San Antonio, government leaders were the ? Guiding Question Opposing Parties from the Cherokee not to the attack Texans while they fought Mexico. promise a negotiate to Goyens on relied Houston Texas. Sam East one.important Hehad longhad goodrelations with the Cherokee in that crippled him forlife. wounded at San Antonio. awound Hesuffered to his right arm free African American, Logan, Greenbury was the third Texan a guide to Milam’s column in the forSan fight Antonio. Another independence. Hendrick Arnold,afr under Seguín, his brother-in-law. ranchers to join the fight. Manuel Flores volunteered toBenavides ben•ah•VEE•des) (PLAH•see•doh serve brought 30 Mexican scouting company commanded by Captain Juan Seguín. Plácido than 100 joined the Texan volunteers. Many in a served San Antonio. Most stayed neutral, some helped Cós, and more Mexican troops. presidio at Goliad. More importantly, Texas soil was cleared of the and Alamo the held Antonio now and San captured had They Their volunteer army had defeated alarger, trained military force. AE______DT ______DATE ______NAME Philip Dimmitt wanted to try to take Matamoros. A The capture ofSan Antonio was forthe agreat Texans. victory William Goyens played adifferent role in the butavery fight, Several African Americans contributed to the forTexas fight The siege ofSan Antonio deBéxar had divided the Tejanos of The Winter of 1835–1836,

How did differences among Texan leaders affect ee African American, served as African American,served ee continued campaign,

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Reading 6. 9. Explaining 8. Defining 7. CLASS Marking Marking the during the Revolution. the during onthe Texanfought side African Americans who Tejanosimportant and Highlight the names of try to taketry Matamoros? think the Texans should Why did Philip Dimmitt What is acampaign? surrender terms? according to the What did Cós promise Progress Check Progress Text ______135 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. or rejected, his or rejected, his ______CLASS CLASS vetoed, continued Smith did not trust Johnson and Johnson trust not did Smith Another disagreement was over a convention of the people. In people. In of the a convention over was disagreement Another responded The council council. the dissolve tried to Smith Governor December the council voted to hold a convention of the people of the in hold a convention to voted council the December voted The council proposal. the vetoed Smith Governor spring. the 1836, set for February 1, were elections Delegate veto. his override to 1. for March scheduled was convention the and It recognized no longer governor. was Smith that declaring by to refused Smith governor. as Robinson James Governor Lieutenant During weeks, members a few of of the most Within home. office, however. leave went government temporary, or provisional, first this government. no real had Texas of February 1836, month the appointment as leader. On January 14, 1836, the council authorized authorized council the 1836, 14, On January leader. as appointment no expedition However, anyway. expedition the lead to Johnson arrived news and delays, caused had The quarreling place. took ever the recapture to Antonio San toward marching was Anna Santa that Alamo. That ended all plans for an attackon Matamoros. What was the cause of the quarrels within the provisional government, and and government, provisional the within quarrels of the cause the was What What were the main effects of the Texan victory Antonio? effects San at main the were Texan What of the The Winter of 1835–1836, 1835–1836, of Winter The g n i Progress Check t what was the main result? main the was what i Why did the provisional provisional the did Why up? break government Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading r 2. Expository Expository 2. 1. Expository1. Reading

10. WWriting for Understanding Check NAME ______DATE 136 Lesson 2: Lesson Steps Toward Independence Toward Steps