Captive Breeding and Seed Production Techniques of Endangered Giant

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 121-126 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Captive breeding and seed production techniques JEZS 2016; 4(6): 121-126 © 2016 JEZS of Endangered Giant River Catfish Sperata Received: 17-09-2016 Accepted: 18-10-2016 seenghala Md. Ekramul Hasan Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Md. Ekramul Hasan, AK Jilani Chowdhury and Md. Golam Sarwer Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Abstract A study was conducted to observe the breeding and seed production techniques of endangered giant river AK Jilani Chowdhury catfish, Sperata seenghala, locally known as “guizza air’’. In this study, a total of 60 pairs of adult guizza Aqua Services Department, Agro air (850-1500 g) were collected from the Brahmaputra river-basin and floodplains in Mymensingh region Vet Division, Square Pharmaceuticals Limited, and stocked in a 40 decimal pond with 2.5-3 feet depth three months before the onset of the breeding Dhaka, Bangladesh season. Hatchlings gradually started to consume zooplanktons available in the spawning pond and no artificial feeds were used. Fry numbering 50,280 with a mean ± SD length and weight of 1.91 ± 0.24 cm Md. Golam Sarwer and 0.25 ± 0.07 g, respectively were collected by repeated netting with mosquito net from the spawning Department of Fisheries and pond after 15 days of spawning. The fry were then stocked at 1000 fry/dec in two earthen nursery ponds Marine Science, Noakhali Science having area of 20 and 30 decimal with an average depth of 3 feet. Fry in two nursery ponds were reared and Technology University, with commercial nursery feed for the first 14 days and pre-starter feed during days 15-28. The water Noakhali, Bangladesh temperature in the nursery ponds was ranged from 30.53 ± 0.71 to 32.85 ± 0.49 oC during nursing. The values of dissolve oxygen (DO) and pH ranged from 6.50 ± 0.41 to 4.27 ± 0.71 ppm and 7.8 ± 0.62 to 7.2 ± 0.47, respectively. The final average length and weight of the fingerlings were 6.26 ± 0.21 cm and 2.55 ± 0.08 g, respectively after four weeks of nursing. The survival rate of fry was 63% with a net production was 630 fry/dec. It can be concluded that the captive breeding and seed production techniques of S. seenghala described here is an important step in conservation and pond culture of the endangered S. seenghala. Keywords: Captive breeding, seed production techniques, endangered Sperata seenghala etc 1. Introduction Captive breeding of indigenous and exotic aquaculture species for seed production has been a common practice in Bangladesh since 1967 [3]. Most hatcheries rear their own brood stock and usually do not recruit brood stock from natural sources (rivers) or exchange breeders between farms. Each hatchery therefore, can be considered as an isolated, self-sustaining and [9] genetically closed unit . It is established that in genetically closed hatchery systems, potential selective pressures exerted on finite and often small culture populations by various farm management practices such as the selection of founder stock, number of breeders maintained, method of replenishing brood stock, stocking density, feeding regime etc. can result in indirect or negative selection, inbreeding and genetic drift [9]. One of the important bagrid catfish is the giant river catfish Sperata seenghala, locally known as “guizza air” and was once available in rivers, floodplains, inundated swamp fields, ditches, canals and other freshwater areas throughout Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh [11]. This species is also found in the Chalan Beel, Choto Jamuna River, Halti Beel [10]. It has been considered as one of the most admired edible fish among indigenous catfish species due to good taste and high market demand. It is commercially fished for human consumption as well as being a popular game fish with a reputation for being a good fighter when hooked. It can be distinguished from other sperata species by its spatulate, blunt snout, relatively short barbels and mouth that is only 1/3 as wide as the head is long [12]. The fish is carnivorous and predatory in nature, subsists on various types of organisms such as fish, frogs, Correspondence [15] Md. Golam Sarwer snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles, crustaceans and debris . Food at different life stages: Department of Fisheries and insects and fish-fry (fry); water fleas, fish-fry, insects and smaller fingerlings (fingerling); Marine Science, Noakhali Science Insects, tadpoles and fish (Adult) [18]. Gut content analysis of S. seenghala indicate that the gut and Technology University, content consists of about 80-90% is animal food matter of which the major food components Noakhali, Bangladesh ~ 121 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies are locally available weed fish species Puntius ticto, Chela drag netting, segregated and transferred into spawning pond. phulo, Ambassis nama. The percentage of animal matter in the diet is increased by 5-10% with increase in body size from 2.4 Rearing of broodstock and its management Small (20-25cm) to large (60-65cm) [4]. Fish were fed twice daily with supplemental feed at the rate of This fish usually spawns twice a year from May to July and 5–6% of the estimated fish biomass. The pond was fertilized from September to November in natural condition [15]. Early at biweekly intervals with cow dung (5 kg/dec) and urea and and developing stage oocytes were mostly observed during triple super phosphate (200 g/dec) to accelerate the primary April-May, maturing oocytes in June, and mature oocytes productivity of the ponds throughout the entire rearing. during July-August. Early and developing germ cells were mostly observed during April-May, gradually maturing in 2.5 Nursery pond selection and preparation June, and mature germ cells during July-August sections of Two ponds were selected for nursing of guizza air fry. The testes. The combination of ovarian and testicular histology areas of the selected two ponds were 20 and 30 dec, summarizes that S. seenghala breeds during late monsoon. It respectively with average depth of 2.5-3 feet. Deep ground is remarkable that, while many fish species from the water was collected and used for nursing guizza air fry. freshwaters start to breed with the first rain in the year, S. seenghala breeds in the late monsoon [1]. 2.6 Collection of fry from spawning pond This fishes are testy and have high market value. As a result, After 15 days of spawning, a total of 50,280 guizza air fry development of artificial propagation and mass seed were collected from the spawning pond by mosquito net. production techniques might create excellent livelihood After collection, the fry were transferred to prepared earthen opportunities for hatchery and nursery operators, fish farmers nursery ponds for four weeks of nursing. Fry having a (mean and traders. Steps should be taken to develop induced and ± SD) length of 1.91 ± 0.24 cm and weight of 0.25 ± 0.07 g, controlled natural breeding technique for small and medium taken from 20 randomly sampled individuals, were then scale seed production of S. Seenghala. Captive breeding and stocked in two nursery ponds. mass seed production techniques of S. seenghala should be developed to supply the seeds for commercial farming as well 2.7 Stocking and rearing of fry in nursery pond as to save the gene pools of these valuable species. Present A total of 50,000 fry were stocked at a rate of 1000 fry/dec in study was conducted to achieve following objectives: two nursery ponds. In nursery ponds, watering is done up to 3 To gain practical experience of captive breeding and seed ft depth and 100 g flour/dec is mixed with pond water. This production techniques of the giant river catfish S. flour results in growth of plenty of zooplankton which is very seenghala. essential for fry. After two days of fry stocking, 3 ml/dec To increase seed production of S. seenghala through sumithion is added to the nursery pond water in order to kill scientifically improved nursing technique. haspoka. To conserve the species S. seenghala through mass seed production. 2.8 Feeding of fry In nursery pond, blended eggs were supplied as first feed. Ten 2. Materials and Methods blended eggs are enough for 20 dec nursery ponds. Nursery 2.1 Study area and time feed was applied 3 times/day (morning, noon, evening). After The present research work was a study on captive breeding four weeks of nursing, fry attained the size of 6.26 ± 0.21 cm and seed production techniques of endangered giant river and 2.55 ± 0.08 g in length and weight, respectively which catfish started on March 2014 and it was conducted in the were ready for marketing. ponds located in the Desh Bondhu Hatchery of Mymensingh, Bangladesh and Nursery from April 2014 to August 2014. 2.9 Water quality monitoring Various water quality parameters such as temperature (oC), 2.2 Spawning pond preparation transparency (cm), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, ammonia An earthen pond was selected for captive breeding of guizza nitrogen (mg/L) were recorded weekly between 9 am and 10 breeders. The area of the selected pond was 40 dec with 2.5-3 am throughout the experimental period. Water samples were feet depth. The experimental pond was prepared by using collected from spawning and nursing pond. All the water rotenone at the dose of 20 mg/L water for eradicating quality parameters were measured on the spot. unwanted fish species. Fertilizers were applied to increase the plankton density in pond water. Seven day after fertilization, 2.10 Methods for physical and chemical factors estimation the pond water became greenish with the abundance of The transparency of water was measured by a standard secchi phytoplankton and zooplankton and ready for brood stocking.

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