FABIEN COUSTEAU OCEAN LEARNING CENTER PROTEUS ™

Presentation for Webinar Session: From Deep Sea to Outer Space

July 22, 2020 EXPLORE TO PROTECT “People protect what they love, they love what they understand, and they understand what they are taught.” — JACQUES YVES COUSTEAU FABIEN COUSTEAU OCEAN LEARNING CENTER (FCOLC)

PROGRAMS

MARINE RESTORATION PROJECTS: PROTEUS™: UNDERWATER RESEARCH STATION CORAL REEFS, MANGROVES, SEA TURTLES, BEACH CLEAN-UPS In 2014, Fabien and his team embarked on Mission 31, the longest continuous underwater discovery project in history at the last remaining marine habitat, Aquarius.

THE PROVEN SUCCESS AND GLOBAL REACH OF MISSION 31 SET THE STAGE FOR THE OCEAN LEARNING CENTER AND PROTEUS™.

PROOF OF CONCEPT

• 7 technologies tested in extreme environment • 9,800 published articles • 12 scientific studies • 3 years of equivalent research performed in 31 days • 34 billion media impressions • Reached 100,000 students on 6 continents via skype A CHRONOLOGY

The first underwater habitat and research station was built in 1962, led by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. For decades, aquanauts, explorers and researchers have been testing the limits of living at depth, while also facilitating groundbreaking advances in numerous fields of study.

Conshelf I Sealab I Conshelf III Hydrolab Sealab III Helgoland Tektite I & II La Chalupa Aquarius PROTEUS™ 1962 1964 1965 1966 – 1984 1969 1968 – 1977 1969 – 1970 (Jules Lodge) 1987 - Present 7 Day Mission 11 Day Mission 22 Day Mission 28 Day Mission 0 Missions 14 Day Mission 10-20 Day Missions 1971- 1983 Lab 31 Day Mission J.Y. Cousteau US Navy J.Y. Cousteau NOAA US Navy NOAA (S. Carpenter 59 d) (Lodge: 73 Days) NOAA / FIU GE / NASA Ian Koblick /MRDF

Conshelf II Sealab II 1963 1965 30 Day Mission 15 Day Mission J.Y. Cousteau US Navy

Note: This chronology is provided for illustrative purposes and is not designed to be an exhaustive list of all underwater habitats built since 1962. FULL ARTICLE Mar 16, 2020

“…deep water corals and microscopic microbes at the bottom of the ocean are extremely valuable for modern medicine, including addressing coronaviruses. A protein from an ocean seabed algae found among coral reefs was revealed to show activity against another coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or MERS. MERS is a close relative of the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19.”

FULL ARTICLE March 31, 2020

A recent article in the NYTimes, “A Forest Submerged 60,000 Years Ago Could Save Your Life One Day,” showcases how the unusual residents, shipworms and related marine organisms, of an underwater forest could serve as incubators of unexpected medicines, generating new lifesaving formulas and compounds that may not be found anywhere else on the planet.

FULL VIDEO April 7, 2020

“Ancient underwater forest may lead to new drug discoveries. Researchers are testing new bacteria discovered in a 60,000-year-old submarine forest in hopes that one day it will lead to new drug treatments.”

CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT: NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

THE TIME IS NOW VIDEO ™

A STATE-OF-THE-ART, UNDERWATER HABITAT AND LAB FACILITY FOR SCIENTIFIC OCEAN EXPERIMENTATION AND DISCOVERY

“The overall effect of…underwater habitat programs…on our understanding of coral reefs and other subtidal habitats has been enormous. “ - Dr. Mark Patterson, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, College of Science, Professor of Marine & Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University

- Dr. Mark Patterson, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, College of Science, Professor of Marine & Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University ™ UNDERWATER RESEARCH STATION

• Long-term sustainable underwater research station

• ~4,000 sq. ft (~370m2) with 2 independent labs & common areas

• Academic, corporate & government tenants

• Ocean research and discovery platform POTENTIAL HABITAT LOCATION

FAVORED JURISDICTION Curaçao ™ ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS SCIENTIFIC NEED: Time to Listen to Nature

• As the ocean warms, marine bacteria, viruses, and fungi thrive, increasing the likelihood that marine life and humans will be exposed to novel diseases.

• Sampling and accessing more types of marine life is critical to identifying new potential compounds that will address health threats in the future.

• A library of high potential compounds from nature could greatly accelerate vaccine development, yet the lack of a sustainable supply often delays R&D on many novel compounds.

• Biologists and chemists need access to tools and facilities for indispensable research necessary to unlock new discoveries and hasten solutions.

CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT: NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION ™ ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS COEFFICIENCY OF TIME: Accelerating the Timeline

• Scuba diving has serious limitations as a research tool for ocean scientists: the amount of time safely spent in deeper waters is limited to less than 2-3 hours per day.

• Saturation diving (diving at great depths for long periods of time) offers ocean scientists unlimited access to greater depths and can sustain continuous day and night research when supported by an underwater station. ➔ Aquanaut dive schedule on Mission 31 was approx. 8+ hours per day.

• Ocean research vessels are at least 4 times less efficient at facilitating underwater research (impact factors such as: NOAA dive tables, weather implications, equipment, gas supply, depth)

• Anything that gives a researcher more time at greater depths is a huge benefit; everything is more difficult in deep water and typically takes more time to accomplish vs. on land or in shallow waters.

CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT: NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION ™ ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS DISCOVERING MARINE COMPOUNDS: Unlocking Cures and Vaccines

• The average cost to research and develop a successful drug is estimated at $2.6 billion and takes 10 years from testing to FDA approval.

➔ Discovery research alone lasts ~4.5 years, and only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters the discovery research phase becomes an approved drug.

➔ Reducing the research timeline would save Pharma millions in R&D costs.

• There are currently 9 FDA approved drugs comprised of marine compounds, ~30 more in clinical phase development, yet 95% of the ocean remains unexplored.

➔ Approved drugs currently address: Cancer, Pain Management, Antiviral and Hypertriglyceridemia disease areas. ➔ Compounds in clinical trials address: Antiviral, Immunological, Antibacterial, Anti- inflammatory, Antifungal, Malaria and Analgesic disease areas.

CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT: NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

ROADMAPS TO SUSTAINABLE DISCOVERY

2016 2019 2023 2026 FC Ocean Learning Design and PROTEUS 2023 Commercializin Center construction underwater station Immersive g solutions formed phase begins deployed Experience stage opens PRIMARY REVENUES FROM: PHARMA, ENERGY, FOOD INDUSTRIES

8 YEARS TO REPEATABLE MODEL 2014 2018 2020 2023 2024 Cousteau launches History UNOPS PROTEUS Cousteau PROTEUS Station Mission 31 Investments Innovation Hub launches 2 LLC formed opens Mission 1 begins

2012 2019 2006 Flight to Int’l 2018 Rocket: First demo flight space station Falcon Heavy test SpaceShipTwo PRIMARY REVENUES FROM: COMMUNICATIONS AND DEFENSE INDUSTRIES

10 YEARS TO REPEATABLE MODEL 2002 2008 2017 2019 2020 Musk forms Space First commercial First reuse Falcon Heavy Rocket: Long X “Mars Oasis” flight of rocket launch March 5 concept second mission

CONFIDENTIAL CONNECTING THE WORLD TO OUR OCEAN

“For most of history man has had to fight nature to survive, in this century he is beginning to realize that in order to survive, he must protect it.”

—Jacques-Yves Cousteau Silent World, 1956 STAY CONNECTED

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@FCOUSTEAUOLC @Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center