Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Malaysia

ONE NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW RECORD OF THE GENUS ZAGLYPTUS FOERSTER (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE: PIMPLINAE) FROM MALAYSIA

Alia Rizki & Idris, A.B. Centre for Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

One new species, Zaglyptus ruslani sp nova and one new record, Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta from Malaysia are described. One holotype species, Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta is also redescribed. A key to species is provided.

Keywords: Ichneumonidae, Ephialtinae, Pimplinae, Zaglyptus, Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Spesies baru, Zaglyptus ruslani sp nova dan satu rekod baru, Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta telah diperihalkan dari Malaysia. Satu spesies holotip Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta telah juga pun diperihalkan kembali. Kekunci untuk spesies daripada Malaysia disediakan. 10 Serangga

Kata kunci: Ichneumonidae, Ephialtinae, Pimplinae, Zaglyptus, Malaysia

INTRODUCTION

The Zaglyptus belonging to the tribe Ephialtini (Pimplini sensu Townes 1969), was assigned to a genus by Foerster (1869) based on the type species Polysphincta varipes Gravenhorst and designed subsequent by Woeldestedt (1877). However, Gauld et al (2002) classified Zaglyptus to the Polysphincta genus-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) based on phylogenetic analysis of this suprageneric group. The first Oriental species was described by Cushman in 1933 as Z. formosus from Formosa. Recently Gupta (1960) had revised this genus for oriental region and found only Z. indicus nigrithorax Gupta from Malaysia (Yu & Horstmann 1997). Zaglyptus is worldwide in distribution but contains relatively few species. This genus is koinobiont ectoparasitoid of spider. Within a silken nest of an egg sac-guarding spider female, their larvae are able to develop on both the spider’s eggs and the female (Finch 2005). For example, Z. varipes Gravenhorstr attacks nest- making spiders that place their egg cocoons within nest (Townes 1969). In the present study, the genus Zaglyptus was revised for the first time for Malaysia. Zaglyptus ruslani sp. nov. was found to be as new spesies while Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta was redescribed and that it is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Morphological terminology used in this study follows the modified Townes’s system (1969). Specimens were examined by stereo microscope (Zeiss Sterni SV 11 Apo) and key characteristics are shown in photographs produced with Zeiss AxioCam MRc (version 5.05.10) and optimized with an Image Analyzer system. Materials used for this work were collected by Malaise Trap (MT) and sweeping net, and have been deposited in Centre for Insect Systematics, School of Environmental and Natural Resource

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Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (CIS-UKM). The type specimen of Z. indicus nigrithorax Gupta was loaned from United States National History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. (WASHINGTON).

TAXONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Pimplinae, Tribe Ephialtini Hellen, 1915

Genus Zaglyptus Foerster Zaglyptus Foërster, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande 25: 166. 1869: 25. Type: Polysphincta varipes Gravenhorst. by subsequent designation, Woeldestedt, 1877: 17.

Diagnosis Distinguished from other genera of Ephialtini by the following characters: 1) propodeum with a lateral subapical tubercle, the tubercle strong in female, weak in male; 2) basal tooth of lower valve of ovipositor mostly smooth, finely roughened toward the tip and with an elongate free tip.

Description Small insects (fore wing length 3-7 mm). Body a little less long and slender than most other Ephiltini. Face and clypeus variously colored, reddish black or yellow or white. Clypeus not divided into basal and apical parts. Clypeus margin thin, concave; mandible not twisted, strongly tapered with uppertooth distinctly longer than the lower tooth; occipital carina complete, mediodorsally more or less convex; upper part of gena smooth; male with lower part of gena simple; subocular sulcus absent. Pronotum moderately long, with anterior margin slightly reflexed, lower corner rounded in front, angled about 90º behind, very slightly in turned; epomia small but distinct; mesoscutum finely punctate with notauli moderately impressed anteriorly; prepectal

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carina present; mesopleural suture weakly but quite distinctly angled centrally; submetapleural carina discernible only as an anterior vestige; propodeum quite short, but convex and with strong pale posterolateral swellings and a median posterior swelling, polished, with at most only the pleural carina discernible; propodeal spiracle subcircular. Claws of female with a pointed basal lobe. Fore wing with areolet absent. Nervelus intercepted usually above the middle. First tergite short and broad, with an oblique groove on each side just beyond the middle, its median and lateral longitudinal carinae present or absent. Second tergite with rather sharp oblique basolateral grooves and oblique apicolateral grooves which together delimit a median, raised, rhombic area. Third and fourth tergites with strong transverse tubercles, their apical impunctate bands occupying 0.22 their length. Female subgenital plate sclerotized apically and apicolaterally, the rest membranous. Ovipositor straight, compressed, with basal tooth enlarged and forming a long free barb. Ovipositor sheath smooth, finely granular toward the tip. Ovipositor sheath about 0.47 as long as fore wing. Zaglyptus is a moderately small cosmopolitan genus, Zaglyptus species are believed to attack spider In this present study, the genus Zaglyptus was revised for the first time for Malaysia. Zaglyptus ruslani was described as new spesies and Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta as new record for Malaysia has been redescribed.

Keys to the species Zaglyptus Fo½rster from Malaysia 1 Notauli weakly impressed; face black; submetapleural carina complete; swellings on the tergite smooth...... indicus nigrithorax Gupta Notauli deeply impressed; face yellow; submetapleural carina present along anterior part as a short n sharp ridge reach middle coxae; swellings on the tergite with punctures...... 2

2(1) Mesoscutum almost yellow with three black stripes; face without black marks in the middle. Propodeum with

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rectangular spot at the basal. First tergite with black triangle spot at the basal...... nigrolineatus Gupta Mesoscutum almost black with yellow median lobe; black spot at the middle of face; propodeum with black band at the basal and apical. First tergite with black triangle spot from basal to apical...... ruslani sp. nov.

Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta (Fig. 1) Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta, 1961, Indian J. Ent., 22: 50. ♀. Key. Des. Type: ♀, Malaysia: Pahang: Lubok Tamang, 3500 ft., Pahang State, at light, 7-VI-1923, H.M. Pendlebury (WASHINGTON) [checked].

Diagnosis This species is clearly distinguished from other species of Zaglyptus by notauli weakly impressed; face black; submetapleural carina complete; swellings on the tergite smooth.

Description Female. Head. Face shiny with a few hairs and a shallow impression on each side; frons shiny; frontal orbital smooth; middle apical of clypeus with bilobed clift; clypeus finely scattered punctate, shiny with a few hairy; epistome suture with shallow impression; malar space without subocular grooves; malar space 0.5 the basal width of the mandible; shiny and rugulose in the middle; maxilla palp with four segments; labium palp with three segment; mandible moderately large and weak; upper and lower mandible equally in size; pedicel smaller; vertex shiny and smooth; occipput present; occipital carina present and convex.

Thorax. Notauli weak; with upper part of pronotum smooth; mesoscutum hairy with sparsely fine punctate; mesopleurum smooth; speculum smooth; metapleurum shiny; skutelum shiny and impunctate; propodeum weakly punctate on each lateral medially; submetapleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle weakly round; basal carina of propodeum absent; apical carina of propodeum very short.

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Wings. Areolet present; receiving second recurrent vein basad of its second intercubitus vein; nervulus opposite of basal vein; discoidella present; nervellus intercepted below the middle.

Abdomen. First tergite with complete lateral longitudinal beyond the spiracle; first tergite length longer than width; strongly punctate on basal part; second tergite width longer than length; anterolaterally with distinct oblique grooves making an angle<40º; middle part of tergite with strong and deeply punctate but basally smooth; third to seventh tergite with impunctate swelling on lateromedian part; apically smooth and basally with densely rugosopunctate.

Ovipositor. Ovipositor sheath with short hairy, ovipositor of approximately uniform size and tapered to the tip; tip of ovipositor sharp; basally normal; lower valve distinct and uncovered upper valve.

Color. Antenna brownish; scapus and pedicel yellowish white; vertex black; frons black; face black; clypeus brownish black; occiput black; post-occiput black; pronotum black; mesopleurum black; mesoscutum black; tegula black; metasternum black; propodeum reddish brown except black band on apical part; hind coxa reddish brown; trochanter reddish brown hind femur reddish brown; hind tibia brown with black bands on subbasal and apical part; fore leg and middle leg yellow; segment and claw tarsa brown with black on apical part; fore wing clearly hyaline; stigma brown; and vein wings brown; almost all of tergite reddish brown with a blackish tinge on swellings and tending to be darker posteriorly; last two tergites blackish; ovipositor brown; and ovipositor sheath dark brown.

Length Female, body length 7 mm, fore wing 5 mm, ovipositor 3.2 mm

Host record. Unknown

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Figure 1. Female Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta a) Habitus; b) Head; c) Propodeum; d) Fore wing; e) Hind Wing; f) Tergite; g) Ovipositor (skala: 0.5 mm).

Locality. Peninsular Malaysia

Distribution. Malaysia.

Remarks The holotype specimen Zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax Gupta was loaned from United States National History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. (WASHINGTON). Some characters had been added as mentioned in above description.

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Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta (Fig. 2) Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta, 1961, Indian J. Ent., 22: 50. Female. Key. Des. Type: Female, India: Cherangode, 3500 ft, Nigiri Hills (OTTAWA).

Diagnosis Mesoscutum almost yellow with three black stripes; face without black marks in the middle. Propodeum with rectangular spot at the basal. First tergite with black triangular spot at the basal

Description Female. Face moderately with shallow and fine punctate; shiny with a few hair; length 0.66 as long as its width; face with a faint longitudinal impression on each side of the middle; face with median broad v-shaped cleft just below the antennal sockets; frons very shiny, smooth and with sparse few hairs; frontal orbital with scattered and finely punctate; clypeus moderate and convex with grooves on apical part; middle of apical margin of clypeus with bilobed cleft; clypeus with sparse and fine punctate; epistoma suture deep and slightly; malar space with subocular grooves; malar space 0.33 as long as basal of mandible; malar space rugose on middle area; mandible moderately big and upper tooth as long as lower tooth; antenna with 28-30 segments; pedicel smaller than scapus; vertex smooth and shiny, moderately long and slight to occipital carina convex; temples shiny and smooth; occiput present; occipital carina complete above.

Thorax. Notauli deeply impressed, cutting of a median lobe; anterior part of pronotum swelling; upper part of pronotum smooth; colar shiny; epomia complete; mesoscutum sparsely punctate with short hairs; mesopleurum smooth; prepectal carina less than 0.8 as length as mesopleurum; speculum smooth; metapleurum shiny; skutelum shiny and weakly punctate; propodeum shallowly punctate on each side near the middle; apophysis just alike wide ridge and blunt; propodeal spiracle roundly; submetapleural carina along ventral edge of metapleurum extending as a conical ridge only in the anterior 0.3 of the distance between the middle and hind; hind legs with the first tarsal

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segment 4.6 as long as the longest tibial spur, about 2.0 as long as the last tarsal segment.

Wings. Areolet absent; receiving second recurrent vein basad of its second intercubitus vein; nervulus opposite of basal vein; discoidella present; nervellus intercepted below the middle.

Abdomen. First tergite with complete lateral longitudinal beyond the spiracle; first tergite length longer than width; strongly punctate on basal part; second tergite width longer than length; anterolaterally with distinct oblique grooves making an angle<40º; middle part of tergite with strong and deeply punctate; third tergite with swelling on lateromedian part; third to fourth tergite roundly on posterior lateral; black apical band on first tergite to sixth tergite impunctate and shiny.

Color. Antenna dark brown; scapus yellow; pedicel yellow; vertex yellow with a black patch surrounding ocelli; frons yellow; temples yellow; occiput yellow; pronotum yellow with a faint narrow black line along the middle of its lateral extensions and on the apical margin; mesopleurum yellow with black spot on upper margin of anterior dorsal; mesoscutum yellow with three broad black stripes; propodeum with a rectangular black patch on basal part; tegula yellow; hind coxa yellow; middle and fore coxa yellowish brown, trochanter yellow; hind femur yellow; hind tibia yellow with a distinct apical black band and faint on subbasal area; tarsus yellow and blackish apically; claws tarsa yellow; fore wing hyaline; stigma and vein wings brownish yellow; first tergite with triangular black basal mark; second to fifth tergite with a black band on the basal 0.3, their apices also narrowly black; sixth and seventh tergites with a basal black band which extends as a median lobe to the apex of the tergites, without any apical transverse

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bands; eight tergite black in the middle only, swellings on the tergites yellow; ovipositor sheath and ovipositor dark brown.

Length. Female, body length 7.5 mm; fore wing 5 mm; ovipositor 2.5-3 mm

Figure 2. Female Zaglyptus nigrolineatus Gupta a) Habitus; b) Head; c) Propodeum; d) Fore wing; e) Hind Wing; f) Tergite; g) Ovipositor (skala: 0.5 mm).

Specimens examined (3): NEGERI SEMBILAN (3): Pasoh Forest Reserve, logged area,1 female, 21 vii 2002, Ng Y.F and Ruslan (CIS-UKM); Pasoh Forest Reserve, logged area,1 female, 21 xii 2002, Ng Y.F and Ruslan

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(CIS-UKM); Pasoh Forest Reserve, logged area,1 female, 21 i 2003, Ng Y.F and Ruslan (CIS-UKM).

Locality. Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia : Pasoh Forest Reserve

Distribution. India: Chengarode, Bukit Nilgiri, Hutan Walayar, Malabar Selatan

Remarks This species is a new record for Malaysia. It differs from all other species shown by its black spot at dorsoapical mesopleurum and dorsolateroapical pronotum.

Zaglyptus ruslani sp. nov. (Fig. 3)

Holotype, PAHANG: Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 1 female, 25-31 v 1999, Ruslan and A. Nizar (CIS-UKM); Paratype (19), PAHANG (9)., Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 1 female, 6 vi 2000, Ruslan and A.Nizar (CIS-UKM); Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 1 female, 20 vi 2000 Ruslan and A.Nizar (CIS-UKM);Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 1 female, 28 viii 1998, Hasnah, Azura and Ruslan (CIS-UKM); Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 2 female, 18- 24 v 1999, Ruslan and A. Nizar (CIS-UKM); Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 3 female, 11-17 v 1999, Ruslan and A. Nizar (CIS- UKM); Kuala Lompat Forest Reserve, 1 female, 5 ii 2001, Ruslan (CIS-UKM); JOHOR (2): Endau Rompin Peta, 1 female, 14-20 vii 2004 Izfa, Ruslan, Fauzi (CIS-UKM); Endau Rompin Selai, 1 female, 25 ix–17 x 2004, Izfa, Ruslan, Fauzi (CIS-UKM). NEGERI SEMBILAN (6): H.S.Pasoh, 50 ha plot, vertikal 0 m, 1 female, 17 viii 2002, Ng.Y.F and Ruslan (CIS-UKM); H.S.Pasoh, logged area, vertikal 0 m, 2 female, 3 i 2003, Ng.Y.F and Pua. G.K. (CIS-UKM); H.S.Pasoh, logged area, 50 ha plot, 1 female, 10 xi 2002, Ng.Y.F and Ruslan (CIS-UKM); H.S.Pasoh, logged area, 50 ha plot, 1 female, 21 xi 2002, Ng.Y.F and Ruslan (CIS-UKM); H.S.Pasoh, logged area, vertikal 0 m, 1 female, 11 ii 2003, Ng.Y.F and Pua. G.K. (CIS-UKM) . PERAK (2): Sungkai Forest Reserve, 2 female, 23 vi 2000, Ruslan, Azril and Soon (CIS-UKM).

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Etymology The new species is named after the collector of almost all of specimens examined, Ruslan Md. Yusop.

Diagnosis This species close to Z. nigrolineatus, but different on some characters such as, mesoscutum almost black with yellow median lobe; black spot at the middle of face; propodeum with black band at the basal and apical; first tergite with black triangle spot from basal to apical and coloration on the hind leg.

Description Length. Female, 9-12 mm; fore wing 5-7 mm; ovipositor 5-6 mm

Female. Face moderately with shallow and fine punctate; shiny with a few hair; length 0.66 as long as its width; face with a faint longitudinal impression on each side of the middle; face with median broad v-shaped cleft just below the antennal sockets; frons very shiny, smooth and with sparse few hairs; frontal orbital with scattered and finely punctate; clypeus moderate and convex with grooves on apical part; middle of apical margin of clypeus with bilobed cleft; clypeus with sparse and fine punctate; epistoma suture deep and slightly; malar space with subocular grooves; malar space 0.33 as long as basal of mandible; malar space rugose on middle area; mandible moderately big and upper tooth as long as lower tooth; antenna with 30-32 segments; pedicel smaller than scapus; vertex smooth and shiny, moderately long and slight to occipital carina convex; temples shiny and smooth; occiput present; occipital carina complete above.

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roundly; submetapleural carina along ventral edge of metapleurum extending as a conical ridge only in the anterior 0.3 of the distance between the middle and hind; hind legs with the first tarsal segment 4.6 as long as the longest tibial spur, about 2.0 as long as the last tarsal segment.

Wings. Areolet absent; receiving second recurrent vein basad of its second intercubitus vein; nervulus opposite of basal vein; discoidella present; nervellus intercepted below the middle.

Abdomen. First tergite with complete lateral longitudinal beyond the spiracle; first tergite length longer than width; second tergite width longer than length; anterolaterally with distinct oblique grooves making an angle < 40º; middle part of tergite with strong and deeply punctate; third tergite with swelling on lateromedian part; third to fourth tergite roundly on posterior lateral; black apical band on first tergite to sixth tergite impunctate and shiny.

Ovipositor. Ovipositor sheath with short hairy, shap, ovipositor of approximately uniform size and tapered to the tip; tip of ovipositor sharp; basally normal; lower valve distinct and partly covered upper valve.

Color. Antenna dark brown; scapus yellow with ventrally brown patch; pedicel yellow; vertex yellow with black patch surrounding ocelli; frons yellow with medially black spot; temples yellow; occiput yellow; pronotum yellow with small black spot on dorsoapical posteriorly; mesopleurum yellow with black mark on anterior dorsal of upper margin; mesoscutum black with median lobe yellow partly; propodeum with black band longitudinal; tegula yellow; hind coxa yellow with black spot on dorsal part; middle coxa and fore coxa yellowish brown; trochanter yellow with apically black spot; hind femur yellow with black patch on apical and basal part; hind tibia yellow with black band on apical part and faint on basal area; tarsus with basally yellow and apically black; tarsa claws brownish yellow; fore wing hyaline; stigma and vein brownish yellow; first tergite with triangular black patch on basal part; second tergite with black band on 0.5 basal

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and third to seventh with black band basally and continous to narrowly apical black band; eight tergite medially black, anterolateral swelling yellow; ovipositor sheath and ovipositor brown.

Figure 3. Zaglyptus ruslani sp.nov. a) Habitus; b) Head; c) Propodeum; d) Fore wing; e) Hind Wing; f) Tergite; g) Ovipositor (skala: 0.5 mm).

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Figure 4. Zaglyptus ruslani sp.nov. a) Head; b) Propodeum dorsal view; c) Fore wing; e) Hind Wing; f) Tergite dorsal view; g) Ovipositor lateral view (scale: 1 mm).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to Dr. Robert Carlson of the United States National History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. for the loan of type specimen. This research also partially funded by Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation of Malaysia (IRPA 09-02-02-0017-EA072).

REFERENCES

Finch, O.D. 2005. The parasitoid complex and parasitoid-induced mortality of spiders (Araneae) in a Central European woodland. Journal of Natural History, 2005; 39(25): 2339- 2354.

Foerster, A. 1868. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verh Naturh Ver Rheinlande 25: 135-221.

Gauld, I.D., D.B. Wahl, & G.R. Broad. 2002. The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evalution and evolutionary biological study. Zoological Journal of Linnaeus Society 136 (3): 421-485

Gupta, V.K. 1961. A revision of the oriental species of the genus Zaglyptus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Indian Journal of Entomology 22 (1960) 244-257.

Gupta, V.K. & D.T. Tikar. 1976. Ichneumonologia orientalis or a monographic study of ichneumonidae of the oriental region. Part 1. The tribe Pimplini (Hymenoptera: Pimplinae). Oriental Insects Monograph 1: 1–313.

Townes, H. 1969. The genera of Ichneumonidae part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomology Institute 11: 1-300.

Yu, D.S. & K. Horstmann, K. 1997. A Catalogue of World Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the America Entomology Insitute. 58 (2): 791–876.

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