DOCSLIB.ORG

Review Article a Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Overview On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review Article a Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Overview On Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy (SAJP) ISSN 2320-4206 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2014; 3(5): 418-422 ISSN 2347-9531 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Review Article A Pharmacognostic and pharmacological overview on Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Muvel Uday1*, Devre Kishor1, Raghuvanshi Ajay1 G.R.Y. institute of pharmacy “Vidhya vihar” Borawan (khargone) M.P.451228. *Corresponding author Muvel Uday Email: Abstract: Woodfordia fruticosa is locally known as Dhawai, belonging to the Lythraceae family. Woodfordia fruticosa is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. It has wide range of medicinal and pharmacological application. It is commonly used in the treatment of various diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, fever, headache, hemorrhoids, herpes, internal hemorrhage, leucorrhoea, liver disorders, menorrhagia, ulcer and wounds etc. It has many pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, Hepatoprotective, cardio protective, antiulcer, Immunomodulatory, anti- fertility, Antitumor; Wound healing, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antibacterial, Anti-hyperglycemic. The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic activity of Woodfordia fruticosa. Keywords: Lythraceae, W. fruticosa, analgesic activity, Anti-hyperglycemic, chemical constituents. INTRODUCTION nectar-rich flowers are regularly visited by insects. The Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz belongs to the flowers are stimulant and an infusion of the flowers and family Lythraceae. The English names that are most leaves is used as an herbal tea. Powdered dried flowers frequently used for the plant are Fire flame bush and in curdled milk are used in the treatment of dysentery, Shiranjitea. The plant is abundantly present throughout diarrhoea and internal haemorrhages and, with honey India, ascending up to an altitude of about 1500 mitre, are given for leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Externally, and also in the majority of the countries of South East the powder is sprinkled over foul ulcers and wounds to and Far East Asia like Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, diminish discharge and promote granulation, and used China, Japan and Pakistan as well as Tropical Africa in lotions for the same purpose. Dried flowers are useful [1]. According to the Indian systems of medicine, the in disorders of the mucous membranes, haemorrhoids flower is pungent, acrid, cooling, toxic, alexiteric, and disorders of the liver. Flower and root used in the uterine sedative and anthelmintic, and is useful in thirst, treatment of rheumatism, dysentery, foot and mouth dysentery, leprosy, erysipelas, blood diseases, disease, lumbar and rib fracture [7-10]. In India, leucorrhea, menorrhagia and toothache. Many marketed different parts of Woodfordia fruticosa are commonly drugs comprise flowers, fruits, leaves and buds mixed used in traditional systems of medicines such as with pedicals and thinner twigs of the plant [2-3]. The Ayurveda and Unani [11]. In addition antibiotics World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% produce much adverse effect on host, which includes of the populations of developing countries rely on immuno suppression and allergic reactions [12-13]. traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, for their Plants have been used for human benefit from time primary health care needs [4-5]. Woodfordia fruticosa is immemorial [14]. In the developing world, 70–80% of an important traditional medicinal plant belonging to the population relies on plants for primary health care the family Lythraceae. It is extensively used in the [15]. preparation of “Ahavas and Arishtas” containing self generated alcohol. It is a flower of Woodfordia DESCRIPTION[16]: fruticosa Kurz. are commonly used for the treatment of A much-branched, beautiful shrub, with fluted several ailments which includes rheumatism, stems and long, spreading branches, 1-3 m. high, rarely leucorrhea, menorrhagia, asthma, liver disorder, and up to 7 m., commonly occurring throughout North inflammatory conditions [6]. Woodfordia fruticosa is a India, ascending to an altitude of c. 1,500 m. in the wild plant growing in the forest of Jashpur district of Himalayas, but rather scarce in South India. It is Chhattisgarh, India. It is an evergreen shrub up to 5 m sometimes cultivated in gardens for its flowers, which tall, with diffuse, irregular branching. It is usually found are borne during the summer months. Bark reddish flowering throughout the year, but a distinct peak in brown, peeling off in thin, fibrous strips; leaves abundance can be observed in March & April. The lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; 418 Muvel Uday et al., Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2014; 3(5):418-422 flowers numerous, brilliant red in dense axillary Dried flowers were extracted by using five different paniculate-cymose clusters; capsules ellipsoid, solvents such as ethanol, methanol, chloroform, membranous; seeds brown, minute, smooth obovate. petroleum ether, and water. The in-vitro Antibacterial activity of the crude methanolic extract of W.fruticosa flower has been reported by comparing it with standard drug ciprofloxacin using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract has been reported to be most active against pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. The methanolic extract was reported more effective against Gram negative bacteria as compare to Gram positive bacteria. Hepatoprotective activity [20-24] Woodfordia fruticosa posses significant Hepatoprotective activity[20]. Hepatoprotective activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl alcohol, and aqueous extract of the flower of W. fruticosa has been Fig. flowers of woodfordia fruticosa. reported against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity [21]. And phenotoin induced liver Principle Constituents: damage in rats [22]. The methanolic extract of the Woodfordins A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and were flowers of W. fruticosa has been reported for identified from the flowers. Hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced hepatic injury in rats [23] and declofenac Medicinal uses: sodium induced hepatic damage in rats [24]. The flowers are acrid, astringent, styptic, depurative, utreine sadative, constipating, antibacterial, Antiulcer Activity [25-26] corrective of urinary pigments, febrifuge and alexeteric. The antiulcer potential of W. fruiticosa has They are useful in the conditions of kapha and pitta, been reported in ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCL) and leprosy, burning sensation, skin diseases, diarrhoea, Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs NSAIDS dysentery, fever, headache, hemorrhoids, herpes, (Diclofenec sodium) induced ulcer in stomach of Wister internal hemorrhage, leukorrhea, liver disorders, albino rats. The roots were extracted with chloroform menorrhagia, ulcers, wounds. Juice of leaves are used in and methanol. Both the extracts have found to bilious sickness. They are also valued as a stimulant in significant antiulcer activity. pregnancy. Immunomodulatory activity [27] Common Names and Scientific Classification [17] The in-vitro and in-vivo immunomodulatoy Fire Flame Bush, Red Bell Bush, Hindi: activity of ethanolic extract of the flowers of W. Dhawai, Marathi: Dowari, Tamil: Velakkai, fruticosa has been reported. For this the effect of non- Malayalam: Tatiripuspi, Telugu: Jargi seringi, specific immune responses in mice was examined. In Godari, Kannada: Tamrapuspi, Oriya: vitro immunomodulatory activity of the extract was Dhobo, Konkani: Dhauri, Urdu: Jetiko, Gujarati: examined on marine peritoneal macrophage Dhawani, Sanskrit: Parvati, Bahupuspika. phagocytosis (using nitro blue tetrazoleum dye reduction, lysosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide and Scientific Classification: myeloperoxidase) and on proliferation of bone marrow Kingdom: Plantae cells by salforhodamine „B‟ (SRB) assay. The in vivo activity has shown on macrophages and bone marrow Division: Magnoliophyta cells by using carbon clearance test and Class: Magnoliopsida cyclophosphamide induced myelosupression Order: Myrtales respectively. The significant increase in the release of Family: Lythraceae myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, lysosomal enzyme and Genus: Woodfordia superoxide from macrophages along with significant increase in phagocytic index in carbon clearance test Species: W. fruticosa Indicates stimulatory activity of the extract in macrophages. The extract was found to show 60% PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES increased bone marrow cells proliferation and offer Antimicrobial activity [18-19] protection towards cyclophosphamide induced Different extracts of dried flowers of W. myelosuppression which represent the stimulation of fruiticosa have been reported for their significant bone marrow. antibacterial activity against fourteen human pathogens. 419 Muvel Uday et al., Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2014; 3(5):418-422 Anti-fertility activity [28] Antibacterial activity: The anti-fertility activity of various extract of The antibacterial activity of the crude dried flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa has been reported methanol extract of the Woodfordia fruticosa was on female albino rats. The ethanolic extract of the determined against fifteen bacterial strains which is powder of the dried flowers was prepared by extracting reported. The antibacterial activity was observed to be successively with petroleum ether, benzene, in dose dependent manner i.e. 5 mg/mL showed more chloroform, and ethanol and also extracted individually level of activity than 2.5 mg/mL against all the tested with 50% aqueous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
    Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodfordia Fruticosa Kurz.: a Review on Its Botany, Received: 18-03-2016 Accepted: 22-04-2016 Chemistry and Biological Activities
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(3): 293-298 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(3): 293-298 Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.: A Review on its Botany, Received: 18-03-2016 Accepted: 22-04-2016 Chemistry and Biological activities Dinesh Kumar Institute of pharmaceutical Dinesh Kumar, Mohini Sharma, Ashima Sorout, Kamal Saroha, Surender sciences, Kurukshetra Verma University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana Abstract Mohini Sharma Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz is a widely used medicinal herb in different South East Asian countries since Institute of pharmaceutical long back and plays a potential role in curing/treating various ailments/disorders like leprosy, toothache, sciences, Kurukshetra leucorrhea, fever, dysentery, bowel disease. This review is intended to provide the currently available University, Kurukshetra-136119, information on traditional usage, chemical constituents, various biological activities and its marketed Haryana preparations. The scientists or researchers working on this plant will be definitely benefitted from the information summarized in this article. Ashima Sorout Institute of pharmaceutical Keywords: Woodfordia fruticosa, Review, Chemistry, Biological activities. sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana 1. Introduction Traditional medicines have been used by the majority of the world population for thousands of Kamal Saroha years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that an estimated 80 % of the Institute of pharmaceutical population in developing countries depend
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of White-Eye Zosterops and Notes on Other Birds From
    Ibis (2008), 150, 698–706 Blackwell PublishingA Ltd new species of White-eye Zosterops and notes on other birds from Vanikoro, Solomon Islands GUY DUTSON* c/o 1 High Way, Broadstone, Dorset BH18 9NB, UK A new species of white-eye, the Vanikoro White-eye Zosterops gibbsi, is described from the island of Vanikoro (= Vanikolo) in the Santa Cruz Islands (= Temotu Province) within the Solomon Islands. It differs from the geographically closest white-eye, the Santa Cruz White-eye Zosterops sanctaecrucis, by a number of features including a much longer bill, and different leg- and eye-ring colour. This is the second bird species endemic to Vanikoro; the neighbouring Nendo Island supports three endemic species. Although the conservation status of this species appears to be secure, the Santa Cruz Islands are very poorly known. Despite supporting several globally threatened species, the Islands at present are not protected by any conservation activity. Keywords: biogeography, endemic bird, Santa Cruz Islands, Vanikolo. Despite occurring on nearly all large South Pacific 7 November, the day after moving to my next base, Islands, the genus Zosterops was until recently Lavaka village. I studied these birds on 8–10 November, unknown from the island of Vanikoro in the Santa finding an active nest, and took two specimens each Cruz Archipelago of the Solomon Islands. It is on 11 and 12 November. I continued to observe a surprising that the Whitney South Seas Expeditions total of at least 17 white-eyes around Lavaka until (WSSE) missed this species as they proved to have 19 November and spent 2 days exploring the highest been very thorough in surveying other Melanesian mountain to about 800 m altitude, close to the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Flora of Pakistan–Xliii. Lythraceae
    Pak. J. Bot., 37(1): 1-6, 2005. POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN–XLIII. LYTHRACEAE ANJUM PERVEEN AND MOHAMMAD QAISER Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan Abstract Pollen morphology of 7 species representing 5 genera of the family Lythraceae from Pakistan have been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Lythraceae is an eurypalynous family. Pollen grains are generally free, radially symmetrical, isopolar, colporate or heterocolpate. Shape of pollen grains are sub-prolate or prolate often oblate-spheroidal. Sexine thicker or as thick as nexine. Tectum reticulate rugulate or scabrate to sub-psilate. The pollen morphology of the family Lythraceae is significantly helpful at generic and specific level. On the basis of apertural types 2 distinct pollen types viz., Lagerstroemia indica - type and Ammannia baccifera- type are recognized. Introduction The Lythraceae are mostly tropical herbs or occasionally shrubs or trees comprising about 24 genera and 500 species (Mabberley, 1987). In Pakistan it is represented by 7 genera and 13 species (Dar, 1975). In the family Lythraceae, the leaves are simple, usually opposite or whorled; stipules are minute or absent. The flowers are strongly perigynous, actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic, commonly 4-,6-, or 8-merous.The petals are distinct and usually crumpled. The stamens commonly are twice the number of petals, and are usually in two whorls, one with the filaments longer than the other. The fruit is commonly capsular. Erdtman (1952) examined pollen morphology of the family Lythraceae. Panigrahi (1976) studied the palynology of some herbaceous genera of the family Lythraceae. The exine structure and function of few genera (Crenea, Lagerstroemia, Lafoensia and Diplusodon) of Lythraceae and Sonneratiaceae has been examined by Muller (1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Lythraceae Based on Four Gene Regions and Morphology
    Int. J. Plant Sci. 166(6):995–1017. 2005. Ó 2005 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2005/16606-0011$15.00 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LYTHRACEAE BASED ON FOUR GENE REGIONS AND MORPHOLOGY Shirley A. Graham,1,* Jocelyn Hall,y Kenneth Sytsma,y and Su-hua Shiz *Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.; yDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1579, U.S.A.; and zState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China The family limits of the Lythraceae and relationships among the ca. 31 genera remain poorly known in spite of previous phylogenetic studies. We use morphology and DNA sequences from the rbcL gene, the trnL-F re- gion, and psaA-ycf3 intergenic spacer of the chloroplast and the internal transcribed spacer region of the nu- cleus to explore relationships for up to 27 genera of the Lythraceae sensu stricto and the monogeneric families Duabangaceae, Punicaceae, Sonneratiaceae, and Trapaceae. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian likelihood approaches are employed. Morphology alone provided little phylogenetic resolution. Results from individual gene regions were relatively well resolved and largely congruent, whereas basal rela- tionships were poorly supported. A combined gene analysis of 20 genera produced one fully resolved max- imum parsimony tree that corresponded closely to the maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees in which a monophyletic Lythraceae includes Duabanga, Punica, Sonneratia, and Trapa as derived genera within the family. Decodon is sister to the rest of the family in the maximum parsimony and Bayesian trees, followed by Lythrum and Peplis at the node above and then by the rest of the family, which diverges into two superclades.
    [Show full text]
  • Nodal Anatomy in Woodfordia Fruticosa, Cuphea Ignea and Lawsonia Inermis L
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2016, 6(3):92-94 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Nodal Anatomy in Woodfordia fruticosa, Cuphea ignea and Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) Anil A. Kshirsagar UG & PG Department of Botany, Shivaji Arts, Commerce & Science College Kannad, Dist. Aurangabad (MS) - 431103 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The vascular organization of the node in three plant species like Woodfordia fruticosa, Cuphea ignea and Lawsonia inermis has been investigated. The leaves are generally opposite and slightly alternate in Lawsonia inermis. The foliar nodes are unilacunar one traced noted in all studied taxa. The node has sclerenchymatous patches outside except in Cuphea ignea. The variation in nodal vasculature can be used for the delineation of taxa. The present paper deals with the study of nodal vasculature in plants belonging to family Lythraceae. Keywords: Node, Vasculature, Woodfordia, Cuphea and Lawsonia ( Lythraceae) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION The study of nodal organization and vasculature is widely employed in the systematic and phylogenetic studies earlier Sinnott [10] recorded unilacunar one traced node in scrophulariaceae. Studies of Ozenda, [8] , Dickson, [4] , Takhtajan, [14] reveals that the tri-multilacunar type with double trace at the median gap as the primitive nodal type from this other types has been derived. Cronquist, [2] has also indicates unilacunar node with single trace. There are few families with unilacunar nodes which show variation in the vasculature. The present study deals with the details of nodal structures in three species of genus Woodfordia, Cuphea and Lawsonia belonging to family Lythraceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant material of three plant species like Woodfordia fruticosa, Cuphea ignea and Lawsonia inermis are collected from Kannad and Botanical garden of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodfordia Fruticosa
    Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2015 Vol. 4 (3) July-September, pp.100-106/Meena and Kumar Review Article WOODFORDIA FRUTICOSA (L.) KURZ: A HIGH DEMAND THREATENED PLANT WITH POTENTIAL MEDICINAL VALUES Meena V.1 and *Kumar Satish2 1Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India 2Mata Basanti Devi School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Agra, (U. P.) India-282 007 *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT Woodfordia fruticosa is a high demand medicinal plant for pharmaceutics and dye industries. The plant is distributed in North-eastern India. This review highlights the spectacular properties of this plant. Flowers of W. fruticosa have been used traditionally in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, other bowel complaints, internal haemorrhages, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Externally, powdered flower is sprinkled over foul ulcers and wounds for diminishing their discharge and promoting granulations. W. fruticosa is also reported to have DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, antibacterial, antifertility, antipeptic ulcer, free radical scavenging, and hepatoprotective activity. W. fruticosa is a medicinal plant used to treat a wide range of disorders including diabetes. Keywords: W. fruticosa, Hepatoprotective Acitivity, DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor, Antipeptic Ulcer INTRODUCTION North East is the part of India which covers states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. These states are rich in biodiversity and house many valuable medicinal plants. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. (syn. Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.) is a medicinal plant commonly known with different vernacular names from various parts of India as well as world wherever it is found; Dhataki, Dhawai flower, Fire flame Bush, Shiranjitea, are some of the popular common names of W.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2020, Pp
    pISSN 2302-1616, eISSN 2580-2909 Vol 8, No. 2, December 2020, pp. 157-171 Available online http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/biogenesis DOI https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v8i2.16407 Quantitative Analysis of Floristic Composition, Biological Spectrum and Leaf Spectrum of a Sacred Grove in Jhargram District, West Bengal, India Uday Kumar Sen*, Ram Kumar Bhakat Laboratory of Ecology and Taxonomy, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University Vidyasagar University Rd, Rangamati, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Sacred Groves are tracts of virgin forests, left untouched and protected by local people, because of culture and religious beliefs. These tracts are remnants of the once-dominant flora, reservoirs of the rich biodiversity, and the last refuge for preserving the rich indigenous culture and traditions. For these reasons, the biological and leaf spectra, as well as the conservation status of the current sacred grove vegetation, Maa Mongalmoyee Than (MMT) in Jhargram district of West Bengal, India, have been studied. Data were collected during different seasons. The floristic list is taxonomically arranged based on clade, order, and family. In addition, photographs of some common, locally uncommon, endemic and valuable plant species within the sacred grove were taken. The herbarium sheets were then described by matching properly annotated materials available at the Herbarium Section of Vidyasagar University as well as the Botanical Survey of India. The results of floristic studies showed 217 MMT's angiosperm species, belonging to 196 genera, distributed under 59 families of 27 orders. Furthermore, Poales (13.82%) and Fabaceae (12.44%) are the dominant order and family, respectively, in terms of species population.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Description of in Situ Bee Pollen from the Middle Eocene of Germany
    Grana ISSN: 0017-3134 (Print) 1651-2049 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sgra20 Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany FriĐgeir Grímsson, Reinhard Zetter, Conrad C. Labandeira, Michael S. Engel & Torsten Wappler To cite this article: FriĐgeir Grímsson, Reinhard Zetter, Conrad C. Labandeira, Michael S. Engel & Torsten Wappler (2016): Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany, Grana, DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 © 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. Published online: 23 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 248 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sgra20 Download by: [Smithsonian Institution Libraries] Date: 01 August 2016, At: 12:42 Grana, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany FRIĐGEIR GRÍMSSON1, REINHARD ZETTER 1, CONRAD C. LABANDEIRA2–4, MICHAEL S. ENGEL5–7 &TORSTENWAPPLER8 1University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria, 2Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA, 3Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 4College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China, 5Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA, 6Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA, 7Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, 8University of Bonn, Steinmann Institute, Bonn, Germany Abstract The middle Eocene Messel and Eckfeld localities are renowned for their excellently preserved faunas and diverse floras.
    [Show full text]
  • For Review Only
    Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2016-0103.R1 Jamtsho The species composition of the vegetation along the Sherichhu River, lower montane area of Eastern Bhutan Journal:For Songklanakarin Review Journal of Science Only and Technology Manuscript ID SJST-2016-0103.R1 Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the Author: 22-May-2016 Complete List of Authors: Jamtsho, Tenzin; Prince of Songkla University, Biology; Yadi Higher Secondary School, Science Sridith, Kitichate; Prince of Songkla University, Biology; Prince of Songkla University, Biology Sherichhu River, Bhutan, riparian vegetation, species composition, litter Keyword: thickness For Proof Read only Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2016-0103.R1 Jamtsho Page 4 of 33 1 2 3 The species composition of the vegetation along the Sherichhu River, lower montane area 4 5 6 of Eastern Bhutan 7 8 Tenzin Jamtso 1* and Kitichate Sridith 1 9 10 11 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science 12 13 Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand 14 15 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 16 17 18 For Review Only 19 20 Abstract 21 22 An investigation of the riparian vegetation along the Sherichhu River, lower montane area of 23 24 25 Eastern Bhutan was conducted from April to December, 2015 to explore the plant communities 26 27 in terms of the species composition. A total number of 18 plots were placed within the remnant 28 29 patches of the vegetation on either side of the river. In total, 172 species of vascular plant has 30 31 32 been recorded. The cluster analysis suggested four types of plant communities in the study area 33 34 viz., th e Mallotus-Desmodium-Rhus shrubland and th e Syzygium venosum woodland 35 36 37 communities which are located in V-shaped valley and the Albizia-Flueggea woodland and 38 39 Quercus glauca woodland communities located in U-shaped valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear DNA Amounts in Angiosperms: Targets, Trends and Tomorrow
    Annals of Botany Page 1 of 124 doi:10.1093/aob/mcq258, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: targets, trends and tomorrow M. D. Bennett* and I. J. Leitch Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK * For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 25 August 2010 Returned for revision: 18 October 2010 Accepted: 24 November 2010 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 Extending the range of genome sizes encountered in angiosperms 3 The need for reference lists 4 TARGETS IN GENOME SIZE RESEARCH 4 Downloaded from Meeting targets for species representation 4 Progress towards targets for familial representation 5 Improved systematic representation for genera 6 Improved representation of other groups 6 TRENDS IN TECHNIQUES USED TO ESTIMATE GENOME SIZE 7 The rise in flow cytometry as the technique of choice for genome size estimations 7 http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ Development of different isolation buffers for flow cytometry 7 The application of flow cytometry to plant systematics 8 Recent developments in the application of flow cytometry to genome size studies 8 (i) The use of seeds 8 (ii) Ease of access to methodological data 8 (iii) New equipment 8 Are there any new techniques for estimating genome size on the horizon? 9 (i) Can real time PCR be used for estimating plant genome sizes? 9 (ii) Will ‘complete’ genome sequencing give useable genome size estimates? 9 TOMORROW 13 at NIH Library on December 30, 2015 Uncovering and collating genome size data from diverse published sources 14 Screening ex situ and in situ collections as sources of target taxa 15 DEDICATION 15 LITERATURE CITED 16 APPENDIX 19 Notes to the Appendix 19 Original references for DNA values 121 † Background and Aims The amount of DNA in an unreplicated gametic chromosome complement is known as the C-value and is a key biodiversity character of fundamental significance with many practical and predictive uses.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Diversity (Magnoliids and Eudicots)Of
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 273-288, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists FLORISTIC DIVERSITY (MAGNOLIIDS AND EUDICOTS) OF BARAIYADHALA NATIONAL PARK, CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH 1 MOHAMMAD HARUN-UR-RASHID , SAIFUL ISLAM AND SADIA BINTE KASHEM Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Keywords: Plant diversity; Baraiyadhala National Park; Conservation management. Abstract An intensive floristic investigation provides the first systematic and comprehensive account of the floral diversity of Baraiyadhala National Park of Bangladesh, and recognizes 528 wild taxa belonging to 337 genera and 73 families (Magnoliids and Eudicots) in the park. Habit analysis reveals that trees (179 species) and herbs (174 species) constitute the major categories of the plant community followed by shrubs (95 species), climbers (78 species), and two epiphytes. Status of occurrence has been assessed for proper conservation management and sustainable utilization of the taxa resulting in 165 (31.25%) to be rare, 23 (4.36%) as endangered, 12 (2.27%) as critically endangered and 4 species (0.76%) are found as vulnerable in the forest. Fabaceae is the dominant family represented by 75 taxa, followed by Rubiaceae (47 taxa), Malvaceae (28 species), Asteraceae (27 species) and Euphorbiaceae (24 species). Twenty-three families represent single species each in the area. Introduction Baraiyadhala National Park as one of the important Protected Areas (PAs) of Bangladesh that lies between 22040.489´-22048´N latitude and 90040´-91055.979´E longitude and located in Sitakundu and Mirsharai Upazilas of Chittagong district. The forest is under the jurisdiction of Baraiyadhala Forest Range of Chittagong North Forest Division. The park encompasses 2,933.61 hectare (7,249 acres) area and is classified under Category II of the International IUCN classification of protected areas (Hossain, 2015).
    [Show full text]