DOCSLIB.ORG

Soil Fungi As a Biotic Factor Affecting on the Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soil Fungi As a Biotic Factor Affecting on the Plants SOIL FUNGI AS A BIOTIC FACTOR AFFECTING ON THE PLANTS propahul [Methodological approaches of plant sort of cucumber sorts and hybrids in agrophytocenoses]. evaluation using of resistance to plant fungal patho- Extended abstract of Candidate′s thesis. Kyiv [in gens]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Ahroecological Ukrainian]. journal, 3, 90–93 [in Ukrainian]. 21. Beznosko, I.V. (2013). Rol’ askorbinovoyi kysloty i 16. Parfenyuk, A.Í. (2009). Sorti síl’s’kogospodars’kikh tsukriv u vzayemodiyi sortiv pertsyu solodkoho ta kul’tur, yak faktor bíokontrolyu fítopatogennikh mikromitsetu Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart.) [The míkroorganízmív v agrofítotsenozakh [Sorts of crops role of ascorbic acid and sugar in interaction of sweet as factor of biocontrol of pathogenic microorga - pepper sorts and micromycete Alternaria solani (Ell. nisms in agrophytocenoses]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhur- et Mart.)]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Ahroecologi- nal — Ahroecological journal, Special Issue, 248–250 cal journal, 4, 130–132 [in Ukrainian]. [in Ukrainian]. 22. Blahinina, A.A. Ekolohichni osoblyvosti vzayemo - 17. Parfenyuk, A.Í., Kulinich, V.M., Krut’, V.Í. (2009). diyi henotypiv pshenytsi ta patotypiv fitopato- Sorti buryaka stolovogo, yak faktor bíokontrolyu henykh hrybiv [Ecological features of wheat geno- fítopatogennikh míkroorganízmív [Sorts of red beet type interaction with pathogenic types of fungi]. as a factor of biocontrol of pathogenic microorgan- Extended abstract of Candidate′s thesis. Kyiv [in isms] Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Ahroecological Ukrainian]. journal, Special Issue, 251–253 [in Ukrainian]. 23. Blahinina, A.A., Parfenyuk, A.I. (2013). Vplyv me- 18. Parfenyuk, A.Í., Chmíl’, O.M., Pasinok, Í.V. (2009). tabolitiv roslyn riznykh sortiv pshenytsi ozymoyi na Chisel’níst’ fítopatogennikh gribív na líníyakh ta intensyvnist’ propahuloutvorennya hrybiv Fusarium gíbridakh ogírka [Number of plant pathogenic fungi oxysporum Schlecgt. ta Alternaria tenuis Ness.Ness. etet Fr.Fr. on lines and hybrids of cucumber]. Ahroekolohich- [The influence of metabolites of different sorts of nyi zhurnal — Ahroecological journal, Special Issue, winter wheat on intensity of sporulation of Fusarium 254–255 [in Ukrainian]. oxysporum Schlecgt. and Alternaria tenuis Ness. et 19. Parfenyuk, A.Í., Beznosko, Í.V., Gorgan, M.D. (2012). Fr.]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Ahroecological jour- Vpliv sortív í gíbridív pertsyu solodkogo na ínten- nal, 2, 87–90 [in Ukrainian]. sivníst’ sporoutvorennya fítopatogennikh gribív 24. Parfenyuk, A., Sterlikova, O., Beznosko, I., Krut′, V. rodu Fusarium [The influence of sorts and hybrids (2014). Osobluvosti vzaemodii bakterialnogo of sweet pepper on intensity of spore reproduction of shtamy Micrococcus luteus LBK1 z roslynamy sor- plant pathogenic fungi from genus Fusarium]. Nau- tiv/hibrydiv ohirka ta pertsyu solodkoho ta hrybom kovyy visnyk NUBiP — Scientific Journal of NULAS, Fusarium oxysporum Scelecht [Features of interac- 178, 59–64 [in Ukrainian]. tion of bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus LBK1 20. Sterlikova, O.M. (2013). Formuvannya populya- with sorts/hybrids of cucumber and sweet pepper tsiy fitopatohennykh hrybiv pid vplyvom sortiv ta and fungus Fusarium oxysporum Scelecht]. Mikro- hibrydiv ohirka v ahrofitotsenozakh [Formation of biolohichnyy zhurnal — Microbiological journal, 1, plant pathogenic fungi populations under influence 33–37 [in Ukrainian]. УДК 631.466 SOIL FUNGI AS A BIOTIC FACTOR AFFECTING ON THE PLANTS E. Kopylov, O. Nadkernichna Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН Наведено сучасні погляди на роль ґрунтових грибів у мікробно-рослинній взаємодії. Визначення взаємовідносин грибів з рослинами можуть бути науковим підґрунтям для розробки засад оптимізації функціонування симбіозів і асоціацій мікроорганізмів з рослинами, що відкривають шлях як до створення нових екологічно безпечних мікробних препаратів, так і для їх практичного використання у рослинництві. Ключові слова: ґрунтові гриби, симбіоз, ендофітна асоціація, мікориза, фітогормони, фітотоксичні речовини. Soil fungi are presented by different taxo- mental groups which differ by feeding type nomic units belonging to certain environ- and interaction with other organisms. Among them saprophytes destroying plant and ani- © E. Kopylov, O. Nadkernichna, 2017 mal residues, facultative and obligate plants 2017 • № 2 • АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 163 E. KOPYLOV, O. NADKERNICHNA parasites, mycorhiza-forming and predator parasites change over to the resting stage. The fungi occur. Soil fungi are presented by all main feature of saprophytic fungi that rapidly mentioned classes: Phycomycetes, Ascomyce- appropriate readily accessible carbohydrates tes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes. is active mycelia growth, rapid spores’ germi- Fungi play an important role in organic nation and dormant forms in the presence of compounds transformation, first of all — cel- a suitable substrate. In the first place these lulose, lignin and pectin. Also they have sig- fungi include class Zygomycetes, generally nificant role in nitrogen cycle, particularly Mucorales molds, and some types of imperfect ammonification processes, making conditions fungi, particularly Penicillium, Aspergillus andand for development of other microorganisms. other genus. Many of them are characterized Besides, the soil fungi are able to produce by the ability to form antibiotics and toxic different biological active substances: amino substances, which creates more opportunities acids, enzymes, lipids, polysaccharides, anti- to fight for nutritional resources [1]. biotics, plant growth stimulants, vitamins and Cellulose decomposing fungi grow slower toxic substances. and cannot compete with fungi that rapidly The soil fungi have an adsorptive type of assimilate easily available carbohydrates. This nutrition; therefore they are closely associated group includes members of ascomycetes and with the substrate and have a large absorption imperfect fungi. The most active cellulose surface. Fungi are characterized by their fila- destroyers are Ascomycetes and Deyteromi- mentous structure, rapid growth of mycelium cetes. Among them there are Fusarium, As- apex at length and active metabolism. This pergillus, Penicillium, Stachybotrys, Trichode- promotes for fast substrate colonization, and rma, Cladosporium genus. For the most fungi possibility for producing antibiotic and toxic hyphal growth is one from many examples of substances increases their competitiveness morphological structure adaptation to the according to substrate adaptation. Using sub- substrate conformation. Basidiomycetes be- strate fungi metabolism is decelerating and long to the group destroying lignin. They chlamydospores, sclerotiums or another dwell grow slowly and begin to develop when all structures are formed. Spores can be easily come-at-able carbohydrates are used. There transferred from one to another substrate, is an evidence that some types of deytero- which provides high adaptability of fungi for micetes are also able to decompose lignin. environmental conditions. There are Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Depending on substrate decomposition Penicillium among them. As far as plant pick- a succession of fungi species is taking place ings being destroyed fungi utilizing specific presented by facultative parasites (fungi pen- humus substances begin to develop. Usually etrating in plant roots), saprophytic fungi they don’t require a large amount of nutrients (which absorb readily available substances: [2, 3]. sugars, starch, hemicellulose) and fungi that Fungi distribution on the root surface (in destroy cellulose and lignin. rhyzoplana) is not only the result of substrate Facultative parasites penetrating in plants specificity, but it also depends on fungi com- roots proceed to exist there for some time petitive abilities. The roots surface contains after the root death. Their parasitism lies in both saprophytic fungi and facultative para- the verge of saprophytic existence, and they sites. They grow rapidly, form extracellular are mainly presented by fungi of the genus enzymes actively, destroy the host plant cells Fusarium, Pythium, Corticium, as well as some penetrating into them, but they may change types of Cladosporium. Their mycelium grows a type of nutrition to saprophytic. They are on root surface and opens the way for inva- also considered as soil fungi, although many sion by saprophytic fungi which absorb read- of them can be found as soil dormant stage ily accessible substances and rapidly take over and germinate only under the influence of the space among the dead plant residues. Be- root exudates. In plant rhizosphere, where ing unable to compete with them, facultative favorable conditions for the most plants and 164 AGROECOLOGICAL JOURNAL • No. 2 • 2017 SOIL FUNGI AS A BIOTIC FACTOR AFFECTING ON THE PLANTS microorganisms are created thanks to ek- synthesis, pigments formation, biosynthesis of zosmos the content of fungi is much greater metabolites and plant resistance to environ- than in soil without plants. The specificity of mental stress factors. The greatest biological root secretions determines the composition of activity has indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA). Also rhizosphere fungi species. Fungal communities there are another compounds with auxin ac- depend on physiologically active substances tivity which are indoles in most cases and secreted by the root cells. Rhizosphere micro- similar to the IAA by chemical structure. organisms, in turn, affect the plant through These indole
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review on Chaetomium Globosum Is Versatile Weapons for Various Plant
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(2): 946-949 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(2): 946-949 A review on Chaetomium globosum is versatile Received: 03-01-2018 Accepted: 06-02-2018 weapons for various plant pathogens C Ashwini Horticulture Polytechnic College, C Ashwini Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Abstract Telangana, India Chaetomium globosum is a potential bio control agent against various seed and soil borne pathogens. Plant pathogens are the main threat for profitable agricultural productivity. Currently, Chemical fungicides are highly effective and convenient to use but they are a potential threat for the environment. Therefore the use of biocontrol agents for the management of plant pathogens is considered as a safer and sustainable strategy for safe and profitable agricultural productivity. Many experiments and studies revealed by various researchers C. globosum used as plant growth promoter and resulted into high yield of crops in field conditions. C. globosum produces pectinolytic enzymes polygalacturonate trans- eliminase (PGTE), pectin trans-eliminase (PTE), viz., polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME), protopectinase (PP), xylanase and cellulolytic (C and C ) 1 xenzymes and various biologically active substances, such as chaetoglobosin A, Chaetomium B, C, D, Q, R, T, chaetomin, chaetocin, chaetochalasin A, chaetoviridins A and C. The present aim of this article we have discussed the various aspects of biocontrol potential of Chaetomium globosum. Keywords: Biological control, Chaetomium globosum, plant pathogens Introduction Chaetomium globosum is so far commonest and most cosmopolitan fungi especially on plant remains, seeds, compost paper and other cellulosic substrates. (Domsch et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Microbial Diversity of Coastal Sand Dunes: Need for Exploration in Odisha Coast of India
    Hindawi e Scientific World Journal Volume 2019, Article ID 2758501, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2758501 Review Article Potential of Microbial Diversity of Coastal Sand Dunes: Need for Exploration in Odisha Coast of India Shubhransu Nayak , Satyaranjan Behera, and Prasad Kumar Dash Odisha Biodiversity Board, Regional Plant Resource Centre Campus, Ekamra Kanan, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India Correspondence should be addressed to Shubhransu Nayak; [email protected] Received 10 April 2019; Accepted 2 July 2019; Published 14 July 2019 Academic Editor: Jesus L. Romalde Copyright © 2019 Shubhransu Nayak et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Coastal sand dunes are hips and strips formed by sand particles which are eroded and ground rock, derived from terrestrial and oceanic sources. Tis is considered as a specialized ecosystem characterized by conditions which are hostile for life forms like high salt, low moisture, and low organic matter content. However, dunes are also inhabited by diverse groups of fora, fauna, and microorganisms specifcally adapted to these situations. Microbial groups like fungi, bacteria, and actinobacteria are quite abundant in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and inside plants which are very much essential for the integration of dunes. Microorganisms in this ecosystem have been found to produce a number of bioactive metabolites which are of great importance to agriculture and industries. Many species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobia associated with the roots of dune fora are prolifc producers of plant growth promoting biochemicals like indole acetic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • On a New Species of Chaetomidium, C. Vicugnae, with a Cephalothecoid
    On a new species of Chaetomidium, C. vicugnae, with a cepha- lothecoid peridium and its relationships with Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) Francesco DOVERI Abstract: a sample of vicuña dung from a Chilean coastal desert was submitted to the attention of the au- thor, who at first sight noticed the presence of different pyrenomycetes. several hairy cleistothecia particu- larly caught his attention and were subjected to a morphological study that proved them to belong to a new species of Chaetomidium. after mentioning the main features of Sordariales and Chaetomiaceae, the author describes in detail the macro-and microscopic characters of the new species Chaetomidium vicugnae Ascomycete.org, 10 (2) : 86–96 and compares it with all the other Chaetomidium spp. with a cephalothecoid peridium. The extensive dis- Mise en ligne le 22/04/2018 cussion focuses on the characterization and relationships of the genus Chaetomidium and Chaetomidium 10.25664/ART-0231 vicugnae within the complex family Chaetomiaceae. all collections of the related species are recorded and dung is regarded as the preferential substrate. Keys are provided to sexual morph genera of Chaetomiaceae and to Chaetomidium species with a cephalothecoid peridium. Keywords: ascomycota, coprophily, germination, homoplasy, morphology, peridial frame, systematics. Introduction zing the importance of a future systematic study of vicuña dung for a better knowledge of the generic relationships in this family. My studies on coprophilous ascomycetes (Doveri, 2004, 2011) al- lowed me to meet with several representatives of Sordariales Cha- Materials and methods def. ex D. Hawksw. & o.e. erikss., an order identifiable with the so called “pyrenomycetes” s.str., i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Vineomycin A1 and Chaetoglobosin a by Streptomyces Sp
    Production of vineomycin A1 and chaetoglobosin A by Streptomyces sp. PAL114 Adel Aouiche, Atika Meklat, Christian Bijani, Abdelghani Zitouni, Nasserdine Sabaou, Florence Mathieu To cite this version: Adel Aouiche, Atika Meklat, Christian Bijani, Abdelghani Zitouni, Nasserdine Sabaou, et al.. Produc- tion of vineomycin A1 and chaetoglobosin A by Streptomyces sp. PAL114. Annals of Microbiology, Springer, 2015, 65 (3), pp.1351-1359. 10.1007/s13213-014-0973-1. hal-01923617 HAL Id: hal-01923617 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01923617 Submitted on 15 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20338 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0973-1 To cite this version: Aouiche, Adel and Meklat, Atika and Bijani, Christian and Zitouni, Abdelghani and Sabaou, Nasserdine and Mathieu, Florence Production of vineomycin A1 and chaetoglobosin A by Streptomyces sp. PAL114. (2015) Annals of Microbiology, 65 (3). 1351-1359.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Reassessment of the Chaetomium Globosum Species Complex
    Persoonia 36, 2016: 83–133 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X689657 Phylogenetic reassessment of the Chaetomium globosum species complex X.W. Wang1, L. Lombard2, J.Z. Groenewald2, J. Li1, S.I.R. Videira2, R.A. Samson2, X.Z. Liu1*, P.W. Crous 2,3,4* Key words Abstract Chaetomium globosum, the type species of the genus, is ubiquitous, occurring on a wide variety of sub- strates, in air and in marine environments. This species is recognised as a cellulolytic and/or endophytic fungus. It DNA barcode is also known as a source of secondary metabolites with various biological activities, having great potential in the epitypification agricultural, medicinal and industrial fields. On the negative side, C. globosum has been reported as an air con- multi-gene phylogeny taminant causing adverse health effects and as causal agent of human fungal infections. However, the taxonomic species complex status of C. globosum is still poorly understood. The contemporary species concept for this fungus includes a systematics broadly defined morphological diversity as well as a large number of synonymies with limited phylogenetic evidence. The aim of this study is, therefore, to resolve the phylogenetic limits of C. globosum s.str. and related species. Screening of isolates in the collections of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre (The Netherlands) and the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre (China) resulted in recognising 80 representative isolates of the C. globosum species complex. Thirty-six species are identified based on phylogenetic inference of six loci, supported by typical morphological characters, mainly ascospore shape.
    [Show full text]
  • Chaetomium Endophytes: a Repository of Pharmacologically Active Metabolites
    Acta Physiol Plant (2016) 38:136 DOI 10.1007/s11738-016-2138-2 REVIEW Chaetomium endophytes: a repository of pharmacologically active metabolites 1 2 3 4 Nighat Fatima • Syed Aun Muhammad • Ibrar Khan • Muneer Ahmed Qazi • 5 6 6 6 Irum Shahzadi • Amara Mumtaz • Muhammad Ali Hashmi • Abida Kalsoom Khan • Tariq Ismail1 Received: 12 April 2015 / Revised: 8 April 2016 / Accepted: 12 April 2016 Ó Franciszek Go´rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krako´w 2016 Abstract Fungal endophytes are group of fungi that grow Introduction within the plant tissues without causing immediate signs of disease and are abundant and diverse producers of bioac- Endophytes are the microorganisms, usually becoming a tive secondary metabolites. The Chaetomium genus of part of plant’s life by colonizing in its internal tissues kingdom fungi is considered to be a rich source of unique without causing any disease to it (Bacon and White 2000). bioactive metabolites. These metabolites belong to chem- Endophytes enhance the resistance of their host against ically diverse classes, i.e., chaetoglobosins, xanthones, pathogenic attack by producing bioactive secondary anthraquinones, chromones, depsidones, terpenoids and metabolites so that they can survive in adverse conditions steroids. Cheatomium through production of diverse (Azevedo et al. 2000; Strobel 2003). The endophytic fungi metabolites can be considered as a potential source of play important physiological and ecological (Tintjer and antitumor, cytotoxic, antimalarial, antibiotic and enzyme Rudger 2006) roles in their host’s life. The existence of inhibitory lead molecules for drug discovery. This review these endophytic microorganisms is well established, but covers isolation of Cheatomium endophytes, extraction and their geographical distribution and diversity are unknown isolation of metabolites and their biological activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Phylogeny of Chaetomium Species of India
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(8): 3154-3166 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.337 Studies on Phylogeny of Chaetomium Species of India V. Chandra Sekhar*, T. Prameeladevi, Deeba Kamil and Dama Ram Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT A set of 44 Chaetomium isolates from Delhi-NCR region were collected and molecularly K e yw or ds characterized and confirmed using ITS sequences from NCBI database as C. atrobrunneum, C. brasiliense, C. elatum, C. funicola, C. globosum, C. megalocarpum, C. Chaetomium , Molecular nigricolor and C. perlucidum. Cluster analysis using maximum parsimony phylogenetic species identification, ITS (internal transcribed tree for 44 isolates of Chaetomium executed among the six gene regions viz., actin, β- spacer), Phylogeny tubulin, calmodulin, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1. The grouping of Chaetomium species using actin Article Info appeared either totally or partially heterogenous grouping. Even though with β-tubulin, the isolates of Chaetomium were not grouped in homogenous manner, interspecific diversity Accepted: was higher in comparison to intraspecific diversity. Total heterogeneous grouping was 17 July 2018 observed for the Chaetomium species using the calmodulin sequences. Among all the Available Online: regions studied in this study for grouping the most diversified grouping was observed with 10 August 2018 rpb2 gene. Better homogeneity was observed even with tef-1 region. But among all ITS was established as the best region for grouping of Chaetomium species.
    [Show full text]
  • Endophytes from Ginkgo Biloba and Their Secondary Metabolites Zhihui Yuan1,3, Yun Tian1, Fulin He2,3* and Haiyan Zhou1*
    Yuan et al. Chin Med (2019) 14:51 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-019-0271-8 Chinese Medicine REVIEW Open Access Endophytes from Ginkgo biloba and their secondary metabolites Zhihui Yuan1,3, Yun Tian1, Fulin He2,3* and Haiyan Zhou1* Abstract Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal plant which contains abundant endophytes and various secondary metabolites. Accord- ing to the literary about the information of endophytics from Ginkgo biloba, Chaetomium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Charobacter were isolated from the root, stem, leaf, seed and bark of G. biloba. The endophytics could produce lots of phytochemicals like favonoids, terpenoids, and other compounds. These compounds have antibac- teria, antioxidation, anticardiovascular, anticancer, antimicrobial and some novel functions. This paper set forth the development of active extracts isolated from endophytes of Ginkgo biloba and will help to improve the resources of Ginkgo biloba to be used in a broader feld. Keywords: Ginkgo biloba, Chinese medical plant, Endophytes, Secondary metabolites Background have been recognized as important sources of a variety of Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) is a deciduous tree belonging novel secondary metabolites with anticancer, antimicro- to the ginkgo genus, which is also known as Gongsun- bial and other biological activities [4, 5]. shu, etc. G. biloba is one of the most ancient plants on Secondary metabolites are the chemical bank which earth dating back more than 200 million years. Com- provides a huge quantity of diverse commercial products monly Ginkgo biloba has been used for a medicinal plant for human medicines. First report about endophytics and its seeds, leaves and fruits can be used for medicines is that Stierle et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Onychomycosis Caused by Chaetomium Globosum
    DM Kim, et al Ann Dermatol Vol. 25, No. 2, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.232 CASE REPORT Onychomycosis Caused by Chaetomium globosum Dong Min Kim, Myung Hoon Lee, Moo Kyu Suh, Gyoung Yim Ha1, Heesoo Kim2, Jong Soo Choi3 Departments of Dermatology, 1Laboratory Medicine, 2Microbiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 3Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes, but -Keywords- some nondermatophytic molds and yeasts are also asso- Chaetomium, Onychomycosis ciated with invasion of nails. The genus Chaetomium is a dematiaceous nondermatophytic mold found in soil and plant debris as a saprophytic fungus. We report the first INTRODUCTION Korean case of onychomycosis caused by Chaetomium globosum in a 35-year-old male. The patient showed brown- Onychomycosis is caused mainly by dermatophytes but ish-yellow discoloration and subungual hyperkeratosis on occasionally by nondermatophytic fungi including Scopu- the right toenails (1st and 5th) and left toenails (1st and 4th). lariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus species (spp.), Fusarium Direct microscopic examination of scraping on the pota- spp., Acremonium spp., and Chaetomium spp. which ssium hydroxide preparation revealed septate hyphae and have often been considered as saprophytic or oppor- repeated cultures on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) with- tunistic fungi1. So far such molds have been regarded as out cycloheximide slants showed the same fast-growing saprophytic or opportunistic fungi and thus have been colonies, which were initially velvety white then turned to ignored. Recently, as a consequence of the increase in the dark gray to brown. However, there was no growth of colony number of cases of immune suppression and environ- on SDA with cycloheximide slants.
    [Show full text]
  • Botryotrichum Domesticum Sp. Nov., a New Hyphomycete from an Indoor Environment
    Botany Botryotrichum domesticum sp. nov., a new hyphomycete from an indoor environment Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2018-0196.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 14-Jan-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Schultes, Neil; The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology Strzalkowski, Noelle; The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology Li, De-Wei;Draft The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory Keyword: asexual fungi, Chaetomium, Desertella, homonym, multi-loci Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 1 of 27 Botany 1 Botryotrichum domesticum sp. nov., a new hyphomycete from an indoor environment Neil P. Schultes1*, Noelle Strzalkowski1 and De-Wei Li2, 3* 1 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA. email: [email protected] 3 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China *Corresponding authors https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 2 of 27 2 Abstract Here we report on a fungus that is new to science and was isolated from a swab sample collected in a Massachusetts (USA) residence. Morphological characters of the fungus were studied and DNA sequences generated from ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 ribosomal loci were used to establish a proper phylogenetic relationship with allied genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Onychomycosis Due to Chaetomium Globosum with Yellowish Black Discoloration and Periungual Inflammation Crossmark
    Medical Mycology Case Reports 13 (2016) 12–16 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Medical Mycology Case Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mmcr Onychomycosis due to Chaetomium globosum with yellowish black discoloration and periungual inflammation crossmark Dongmei Shia,b, Guixia Lub, Huan Meib, G. Sybren de Hoogc, Hailin Zhengb, Guanzhao Liangb, ⁎ Yongnian Shenb, Tianhang Lia, Weida Liub, a Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China b Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China c CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes, although also other filamentous and yeast-like fungi are Chaetomium globsum associated with nail invasion. Chaetomium is an environmental genus of ascomycetes exhibiting a certain Onychomycosis degree of extremotolerance. We report the first case of onychomycosis in a 46-year-old woman in China caused China by Chaetomium globosum. The patient showed yellowish black discoloration with periungual inflammation on the left first toenail. We confirmed the causative agent, C. globosum, by KOH mount, culture, micromorphology and DNA sequence analysis 1. Introduction discolored, yellow to dark brown to black, with subungual hyperker- atosis. She reported to have a history of doing nail fashion. Physical The large genus Chaeomium, belonging to Ascomycota – examination found no other abnormalities. She did not recall a history Sordariomycetes comprises melanized, ascosporulating fungi that of long-term administration of steroids or any other drugs. No history inhabit soil, dung and plant debris as a saprobe. The fungi are of any underlying disease was reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Combining of Chaetomium Globosum (Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae) And
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 8, Augsut-2018 467 ISSN 2229-5518 Combining of Chaetomium globosum (Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae) and botanical insecticide, neem to control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B on cucumber Noor R. K. Alsalhi; Akram A. Mohammed and Jamal H. Kadhim 1 MsC Candidate, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doctorate, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, (corresponding author). 3 Assist. Professor, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, (corresponding author). Abstract The potential for using the entomopathogenic fungi and neem to control Bemisia tabaci has been IJSERpreviously evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. However, no study has been conducted on the efficacy of Chaetomium globosum alone or in combination with neem against B. tabaci. This study, therefore, was aimed to determie the virulence of C. globosum against second instar nymphs of B. tabaci biotype B and it is interaction with neem to control B. tabaci in the laboratory conditions. Three concentrations of C. globosum (1×107, 1×106 or 1×105 conidia ml-1) and three concentrations of neem were tested. The highest mortaliy (38.%) caused 7 days post-treatment with 1×107 conidia ml-1. Simalirly, the results demonstrate that the foliar application with 1.0% neem caused the highest nymph mortality (82.3%). Thus, 1.0% neem was combined with 1×107 conidia ml-1 of C. globosum as an integrated pest management prgramme against B. tabaci. The combination of C. globosum and neem caused the highest B. tabaci nymph mortalities IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 8, Augsut-2018 468 ISSN 2229-5518 (90.2%).Thus, these two biocontrol agents have the potential to be complementary and they have proven effective for the control of B.
    [Show full text]