Astrocytes Alive!

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ColloquiumColloquium Astrocytes alive! Maiken Nedergaard, M.D., D.M.Sc. Co-Director - Center for Translational Neuromedicine Professor - Center for Translational Neuromedicine Professor - Department of Biomedical Engineering Professor - Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy 3:00 pm, Monday, December 8, 2008 University of Rochester Sloan Auditorium, Goergen Building DMSc Neuroscience University of Copenhagen 1988 MD Medicine University of Copenhagen 1983 Refreshments provided The lecture will describe how advances in optical imaging allow us for the first time to study the function of electrically non-excitable cell types in brain. Astrocytes Alive! Maiken Nedergaard, M.D., D.M.Sc. University of Rochester Medical Center Abstract The lecture will describe how advances in optical imaging allow us for the first time to study the function of electrically non-excitable cell types in brain. Traditionally, neuroscience has used electrophysiology approaches and thereby overlooked astrocytes – the primary non-excitable cell type in brain. Astrocytes are more numerous than neurons in the adult human brain. It is therefore of considerable interest to define their roles in higher brain function and neurological diseases. Biography Current Appointments * Co-Director - Center for Translational Neuromedicine * Professor - Center for Translational Neuromedicine * Professor - Department of Biomedical Engineering * Professor - Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Education DMSc Neuroscience University of Copenhagen 1988 MD Medicine University of Copenhagen 1983 Post-Doctoral Training & Residency Post-Doctoral Training; Neuroscience; Cornell University Medical School 1987 - 1988 Post-Doctoral Training; Neuropathology / Physiology University of Copenhagen 1984 - 1987 Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Neurology / Neurosurgery 1983 - 1984 Awards and Honors Member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences | Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark 2008 Lise and Gunnar Wœrums Fond | Denmark 2002 Kobmand Weimann Fond | Denmark 1989 - 1993 NOVO Foundation award | Denmark 1987 - 1989 Diabetes Society | Denmark 1987 - 1989 King Frederik's VI Foundation | Denmark 1987 .

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Professor Of
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: ALEXEI VERKHRATSKY Date of birth: July 30, 1961 Citizenship: British Title: MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. Department: Professor of Neurophysiology Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK e-mail: [email protected] Current appointments: Professor of Neurophysiology Higher Education and academic degrees: 1993: Doctor of Medical Sciences, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Physiology, "Mechanisms of calcium signal generation in neurones and glial cells". 1983-1986: PhD, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology: Physiology, "Tetrodotoxin sensitive ionic currents in the membrane of isolated cardiomyocytes" 1977 - 1983: MD, Kiev Medical Institute. Honours: 2003: Elected Member of Academia Europaea 2006 - 2013: Chairman of the Physiology and Medicine Section of the Academia Europaea; Member of the Council 2012: Elected member of Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, Spain 2012: Research Award of German Purine Club 2012: Elected member of European Dana Alliance for the Brain Initiatives (since 2015 Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives). 2013: Recipient of Dozor Visiting Scholar award, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel. 2013: Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). 2013: Elected member of Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina (The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina). 2016 - present: Vice-Presidnet and Chairmen of the Class C (Life Science and Medicine) of the Academia Europaea. 2016: Copernicus Gold
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OMB No. 0925-0046, Biographical Sketch Format Page
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: Nedergaard, Maiken eRA COMMONS USER NAME (credential, e.g., agency login): mnedergaard POSITION TITLE: Professor EDUCATION/TRAINING (Begin with baccalaureate or other initial professional education, such as nursing, include postdoctoral training and residency training if applicable. Add/delete rows as necessary.) DEGREE Completion (if Date FIELD OF STUDY INSTITUTION AND LOCATION applicable) MM/YYYY University of Copenhagen M.D. 1983 Medicine University of Copenhagen Ph.D. 1989 Neuroscience A. Personal statement The objective of my work is to understand the biological functions of astrocytes, their ability to interact with other cell types, and to use this knowledge to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat, or perhaps cure, a variety of neurological diseases. In vivo explorations have radically challenged the classical dogma – that neurons are the sole substrate of higher brain function – and have led to a shift in paradigm by including astrocytes and other glial cells in higher cognitive functions. No current medications used in clinical medicine target glial cells – the most numerous cells in CNS. The premise for my work is that understanding the basic functions of glial cells offers extraordinary opportunities for combating disease. We have recently identified a fundamentally novel pathway for interstitial solute clearance from the brain consisting of a para-arterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx path and a para-venous interstitial fluid (ISF) clearance route, which are coupled through convective interstitial bulk flow supported by astrocytic AQP4 water channels. We designated it “the glymphatic system” based on its adoption of functions analogous to the peripheral lymphatic system and the dependence of CSF/ISF fluxes on astroglial AQP4.
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Once Considered Mainly 'Brain Glue,' Astrocytes' Power Revealed 4 April 2012
Once considered mainly 'brain glue,' astrocytes' power revealed 4 April 2012 A type of cell plentiful in the brain, long considered levels must come down immediately for the brain to mainly the stuff that holds the brain together and work properly. Scientists have long known that oft-overlooked by scientists more interested in that's a job for astrocytes - sopping up excess flashier cells known as neurons, wields more potassium, ending the nerve pulse, and restoring power in the brain than has been realized, the cells so they can fire again immediately. according to new research published in Science Signaling. In the paper in Science Signaling, Nedergaard's team discovered an expanded role for astrocytes. Neuroscientists at the University of Rochester The team learned that in addition to simply Medical Center report that astrocytes are crucial absorbing excess potassium, astrocytes for creating the proper environment for our brains themselves can cause potassium levels around the to work. The team found that the cells play a key neuron to drop, putting neuronal signaling to a stop. role in reducing or stopping the electrical signals that are considered brain activity, playing an active "Far from only playing a passive role, astrocytes role in determining when cells called neurons fire can initiate the uptake of potassium in a way that and when they don't. affects neuronal activity," said Nedergaard. "It's a simple, yet powerful mechanism for astrocytes to That is a big step forward from what scientists rapidly modulate neuronal activity." have long considered the role of astrocytes - to nurture neurons and keep them healthy.
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University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics Louveau, Antoine; Plog, Benjamin A.; Antila, Salli; Alitalo, Kari; Nedergaard, Maiken; Kipnis, Jonathan Published in: The Journal of Clinical Investigation DOI: 10.1172/JCI90603 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Unspecified Citation for published version (APA): Louveau, A., Plog, B. A., Antila, S., Alitalo, K., Nedergaard, M., & Kipnis, J. (2017). Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 127(9), 3210-3219. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI90603 Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics Antoine Louveau, … , Maiken Nedergaard, Jonathan Kipnis J Clin Invest. 2017;127(9):3210-3219. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI90603. Review Series Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and of meningeal lymphatic vessels have generated a lot of excitement, along with some degree of skepticism. Here, we summarize the state of the field and point out the gaps of knowledge that should be filled through further research. We discuss the glymphatic system as a system that allows CNS perfusion by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF). We also describe the recently characterized meningeal lymphatic vessels and their role in drainage of the brain ISF, CSF, CNS-derived molecules, and immune cells from the CNS and meninges to the peripheral (CNS-draining) lymph nodes. We speculate on the relationship between the two systems and their malfunction that may underlie some neurological diseases. Although much remains to be investigated, these new discoveries have changed our understanding of mechanisms underlying CNS immune privilege and CNS drainage.
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bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/216499; this version posted November 9, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Aquaporin-4 dependent glymphatic solute transport in rodent brain Humberto Mestre1*, Benjamin T. Kress1*, Wenyan Zou2*, Tinglin Pu2*, Giridhar Murlidharan3*, Ruth M. Castellanos Rivera3*, Matthew J. Simon4*, Martin M. Pike6*, Benjamin A Plog1, Anna L. R. Xavier7, Alexander S. Thrane7,8 Iben Lundgaard9,1, John H. Thomas10, Ming Xiao2,±, Aravind Asokan3, ±, Jeffrey J. Iliff5,11,±, Maiken Nedergaard1, 2, ± 1Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Elmwood Avenue 601, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, 2Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China, 3Gene Therapy Center, 5123 Thurston Building, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7352, USA, 5Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 4Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Mail Code L458; Portland, OR 97229, USA, 6Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Mail Code L458; Portland, OR 97229, USA, 6 Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,7Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5021 Bergen, Norway 0047 55974100, 8Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden, 9Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA, 10Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd.
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Research Articles: Neurobiology of Disease Meningeal lymphangiogenesis and enhanced glymphatic activity in mice with chronically implanted EEG electrodes https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2223-19.2020 Cite as: J. Neurosci 2020; 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2223-19.2020 Received: 14 September 2019 Revised: 27 December 2019 Accepted: 22 January 2020 This Early Release article has been peer-reviewed and accepted, but has not been through the composition and copyediting processes. The final version may differ slightly in style or formatting and will contain links to any extended data. Alerts: Sign up at www.jneurosci.org/alerts to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Copyright © 2020 the authors 1 Title: Meningeal lymphangiogenesis and enhanced glymphatic activity in mice with chronically 2 implanted EEG electrodes 3 Abbr. title: Reactive response to chronic EEG electrodes 4 5 Authors: Natalie L. Hauglund1, Peter Kusk1, Birgitte R. Kornum2, Maiken Nedergaard1,3 6 Affiliations: 1Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of 7 Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark 8 2 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark 9 3Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA 10 11 Corresponding author: Maiken Nedergaard, [email protected] 12 13 Number of pages: 31 14 Number of figures: 4 15 Number of words for abstract: 198 16 Number of words for introduction: 523 17 Number of words for discussion: 1371 18 19 Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests. 20 21 Acknowledgement: The study was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation, 22 and the Adelson Medical Research Foundation.
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Postdoc/Asst Prof – the Glymphatic System, Brain Clearance and Neuroglia Under Physiological Conditions and in Disease Models
Postdoc/Asst Prof – The Glymphatic System, Brain Clearance and Neuroglia under physiological conditions and in disease models The Center for Translational Neuromedicine at the University of Rochester invites applications for postdoctoral research associates and/or junior faculty positions in neuroscience to join the laboratory of Maiken Nedergaard, to study the glymphatic system and neuroglia signaling under physiological conditions and in disease models. Mission The neurobiology of glia cells is one of the most rapidly developing areas in neuroscience. For the first time in experimental history, in vivo imaging technologies permit the study of fundamental function of astrocytes in awake behaving animals. These experiments have challenged the idea that cognitive function is based only on neuronal circuits. In addition, astrocytes play a crucial role in clearance of solutes and neurotoxins from the brain to meningeal and cervical lymph vessels. This brain-wide clearance system, named the glymphatic system, is the primary focus of the lab. The glymphatic system represents unique opportunities for novel fundamental discoveries. The glymphatic system has provided break-throughs in understanding why we sleep, mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, how edema forms in stroke, and has provided new information on biological timekeeping. The lab uses multiple alternative approaches and works closely with fluid dynamicists to develop new models understanding how brain fluid flow and brain activity work together. A natural extension of this work includes the regulation of extracellular ion concentrations and the impact of extracellular K+ on neural circuits. We are seeking candidates interested in furthering this work, and expanding the field’s knowledge into models of stroke, chronic neuropathic pain and chronic stress.
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Aquaporin-4-Dependent Glymphatic Solute Transport in the Rodent Brain
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Rethink the Classical View of Cerebrospinal Fluid
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