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APRIL-JUNE, T 2009 H E J m s i r olice Journal olice Journal o r P r e T I VI-No.2 2009 ol. L V APRIL-JUNE, The Indian P The Indian P The Indian Police Journal LVI NO.2 April -June, 2009 fairs, 10092 Af , Delhi-1 The Bureau of Police Research & Development, Ministry of Home Govt. of India, New Delhi and Printed at Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur Published By: R. No. 4607/57 The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVI-No.2 April-June, 2009 BOARD OF REFEREES 1. Shri B.R. Sharma, 10. Shri Sanker Sen, Ex. Dir., CFSL, Chandigarh, 1029, Sr. Fellow, Sector - 4, Panchkula - 134113 Institute of Social Sciences, Ph : 0172-2566652, 2568931 8, Nelson Mandela Road, 2. Dr. Jyotsna Chatterji, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070 Director/Secretary, Ph. : 26121902, 26121909 Joint Women's Programme, Empowering Women & 11. Justice Iqbal Singh, Children, B-52, B-Gangotri Apartments, Alaknanda, House No. 234, Sector-18A, New Delhi-110019. Chandigarh Ph : 42143810 12. Prof. Balraj Chauhan, 3. Dr. Arvind Verma, Director, Deptt. of Criminal Justice, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, LDA Indiana University, Bloomington, In 47405 USA Kanpur Road Scheme, 4. Prof. Aruna Bhardwaj, Lucknow - 226012 Former Dean, 13. Prof. M.Z. Khan, Faculty of Social Science, University of Delhi, B-59, City Apartments, 21, Vasundhra Enclave, New H-45, Ground Floor, Bali Nagar, Delhi Nazafgarh Road, New Delhi-110015. 14. Prof. Arvind Tiwari, 5. Prof. T.D. Dogra, Centre for Socio-Legal Study Head of the Dept., Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, & Human Rights, Tata Institute of Social Science, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029 Chembur, Mumbai Mob. : 9868394071 15. Prof. J.D. Sharma, 6. Dr. S. Subramanian, Head of the Dept., Former - DG, CRPF Dept. of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. 8-13-73 Raghvendranagar, Opposite NPA, Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar - 470 003 Shivarampalli, Hyderabad-500052. (MP) Ph. : 040-4016831 7. Dr. S. Krishnamurthy, IPS (Retd.) 16. Dr. Jitendra Nagpal, Geddalahalli, Psychiatric and Expert on Mental Health, "Krithika" No. 71, NN Fannas RMV 2nd Stage, Sanjay VIMHANS, 1, Institutional Area, Nagar, Bangalore - 560094 Nehru Nagar, New Delhi-110065 Ph. : 080-23418655 17. Dr. J.R. Gour, 8. Prof. S.P. Srivastava, Director, B-8, Krishna Nagar, Lucknow - 226005 State Forensic Science Laboratory, Ph. : 0522-2470206 Himachal Pradesh, Junga - 173216 Tel. : 0177-2752527 9. Shri S.V.M. Tripathi Ex-DG, UP and CRPF 18. Dr. A.K. Jaiswal, 'Sukriti' B-3/481, Vishan Khand, Gomati Nagar, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Lucknow-226010 AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, Ph. : 0522-2395039 New Delhi-110029 Opinions expressed in this journal do not reflect the policies or views of the Bureau of Police Research & Development, but of the individual contributors. Authors are solely responsible for the details and statements made in their articles. C Vol. LVI-No.2 APRIL-JUNE, 2009 Editorial Board Contents 1. Editorial 2 Sh. Prasun Mukherjee - Chairperson 2. Abstracts & Keywords 4 Sh. Rakesh Jaruhar - Member Sh. P.C. Sabarwal - Member 3. Community Participation in Security against Terrorism 8 Sh. R.C. Arora - Member Brig. M.S. Khara Sh. R.R. Bhatnager - Member Sh. S.P. Vaid - Member 4. Microeconomic Analysis of Terrorism 16 Sh. Sanjay Baniwal - Member Rajnish Kumar Rai Dr. B.V. Trivedi - Member 5. Advancing Fronts in Forensics 26 Editor B.R. Sharma Gopal K. N. Chowdhary 6. Snake Bite Poisoning - A Forensic Review 38 Mithilesh Jha, A K Jaiswal, T. Millo & M Gupta 7. Evidence through Scientific AID 51 Dr. Sahib Singh Chandna 8. Forensic Odontology and Human Identity 59 Dr. J. R. Gaur 9. Astray Socialization of Children in Prisons 66 Dr. Deepti Shrivastava 10. Plea Bargaining in India 72 Dr. Avimanyu Behera 11. Drug Trafficking as a Source for Money Laundering 76 Dr. M. Srinivasan 12. Firearms Used by Naxalites : A Forensic Study 83 Dr. Swaroop Vedanand, Mr. C.Narayana Rao and Mr. O.N.Murthy 13. Notes for Contributors 90 Editorial The spectre of terrorism has been haunting world in general and India in particular for last few decades. It has come to forefront in new millennium with “Cataclysmic” terrorist attack on USA in September, 2001, what is known as 9/11. Though our country has been subjected to series of terrorist attacks for more than two decades, resulting from our neighbours pursuing terrorism as instrument of state’s policy, it caught Nation’s attention in wake of attack on Parliament on 13 December, 2002. The Mumbai attack last year shook not only the entire India but its tremors were felt across the world. However, there are some positive trends as far as terrorism and its containment is concerned. According to RAND-MIPT, while there is no “upward trend in the international incidents of terrorism, domestic terrorist incidents are much more numerous than international incidents.” Despite this optimism, terrorism has no borderline and it is very difficult to categorise it as international and domestic incident wise. Even so called domestic incidents have international inputs and players, as was the case in Mumbai attack and even international incidents may be viewed or aimed at domestic constituency as was the case in the 9/11. Even London or Madrid or Lahore attack may be termed international as well as domestic. It is akin to terming and classifying ‘good’ and ‘bad’ terrorist as is being done by some nations to suit their geo-political interests. This kind of approach is not going to help in curbing terrorism. Terrorism has both domestic and international ramifications, as well as players and inputs. It is misnomer to categorize it into domestic and international or ‘good or bad’ or ‘freedom-fighter’ or ‘Jehadi’. The terrorism must be seen as terrorism, nothing else whatever justification or provocation may be. A terrorist is a terrorist, terrorism is terrorism, whether domestic or international or good or bad. This compartmentalized approach to terrorism has done much harm to our campaign against terrorism and has demoralized our forces and policy makers. Moreover, we must act ourselves instead of hoping that some other nation shall do our bidding in containing terrorism. If we continue to try half-hearted measures to contain terrorism, we shall get what we have been getting so far ‘sympathy’, ‘hyperbole,’ ‘empty promises’ ‘sermons on patience’. Meanwhile we will continue to bleed profusely. Another misnomer regarding terrorism is containment vs engagement. The terrorist must be contained, engagement would give them time and breathing space to regroup as happened in case of Taliban and terrorist or insurgents operating in North East. Engagement as policy succeeds when the actor is rational to some extent and is open to some sort of negotiation and dialogues. 2â The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVI-No. 2, April-June, 2009 However, we must formulate long-term as well short-term strategy to contain terrorism. Moreover, we should be prepared to sacrifice short-term gain for long-term windfall so far terrorism is concerned. Apart from implementing Police Reform and Police Modernization, there should be concerted efforts to involve community and society in this campaign. The coalescing and synergization of other stakeholders is a must for this purpose. In this issue of IPJ (April-June 2009), some aspects of terrorism have been dealt with. Brigadier M.S. Khara, in his paper, ‘Community Participation in Security against Terrorism’ discusses how act of terrorism can be averted by active participation of community. The paper discusses the modus operandi of terrorist groups and various tell-tale signs which would enable common man to detect a terrorism activity about to take place. The paper urges for active community participation in checking terrorism. Sh. Rajnish Rai, IPS, in his article, ‘Microeconomic Analysis of Terrorism’ presents theoretical aspect of terrorism. He maintains that the direct role of economic factors such as poverty and inequality and policy measures such as sanctions is one way of looking at the issue of terrorism. However, these measures are incomplete. “It is also important to look at how terrorism affects behaviour, how economic concepts can help us understand the behaviour of individuals and organizations that employ the tools of violent terrorism. The utility maximization model provides insights into both terrorist resource allocation choices and counterterrorism efforts, while basic game theory helps characterize the strategic interdependencies among terrorists and governments” Apart from these two papers on terrorism, other aspects of policing such as forensics (‘Advancing Fronts in Forensics’ by B.R. Sharma, ‘Snake Bite Poisoning – A Forensic View’ by Dr. Mithilesh Jha, Dr. A.K. Jaiswal & others, ‘Evidence through Scientific Aid’ by Dr. Sahib Singh Chandana and ‘Forensic Odontology and Human Identity’ by Dr. J.R. Gaur) Correctional administration (‘Astray Socialization of Children in Prison’ by Dr. Deepti), Criminal Justice system (“Plea Bargaining in India” by Dr. Abhimanyu Behra) Money Laundering (‘Drug Trafficking as a Source for Money Laundering by Dr. M. Shrinivasan,) and Left wing Extremism (‘Firearms Used by Naxalites: A Forensic Study’ by Dr. Swaroop Vedanand, Mr. C. Narayan Rao & Mr. O.N. Murthy) have been discussed. We hope that our esteemed readers would be benefited from these articles. The comments and suggestions are welcome Gopal K.N. Chowdhary Editor The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVI-No. 2, April-June, 2009â 3 Abstracts & Key Words Community Participation in Security Microeconomic Analysis of Terrorism against Terrorism Rajnish Kumar Rai Brig. M.S. Khara
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