Mécanismes De Reproduction Extraterrestre

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Mécanismes De Reproduction Extraterrestre UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL MÉCANJSMES DE REPRODUCTION EXTRATERRESTRE ÉTUDE DES DYNAMlQUES D'EXP AN SION TRANSMÉDIATIQUE ET TRANSFICTIONNELLE DE LA FRANCHISE ALlEN MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXJGENCEPARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES LITTÉRAIRES PAR MEGAN BÉDARD OCTOBRE 2017 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.0?-2011 ). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l 'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. » REMERCIEMENTS Ce projet n'aurait jamais pu se concrétiser sans l'aide de mes parents, qui m'appuient depuis toujours dans mes idées folles et mes ambitions, sans l'amour et les encouragements de mes ami-es et de ma famille. Je pense à ma sœur Audrey, à Kim, à Marie-Pier, à Alexandre. Vous m'avez nourri de conseils et de bons moments. Je pense, surtout, à Stéphanie qui m'a offert des conversations stimulantes, des idées nouvelles, du café et du vin quand j ' en avais besoin. Merci pour ta patience et pour ton intelligence. Sans pouvoir les nommer tous, je remercie les personnes que j'ai appris à connaitre dans les dernières années et qui m' ont amené à me dépasser. Je pense particulièrement à Jean-Michel et aux participants du podcast Pop-en­ Stock. J'aimerais remercier aussi mon directeur, Antonio Dominguez Leiva, pour son précieux travail. Tu es une ressource inestimable pour la recherche et tes connaissances ne cesseront jamais de m'impressionner. Je remercie enfin le centre Figura et le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada. TABLE DES MATIÈRES RÉSUMÉ .... ... .. .......... .. .................. .. ............. .. ..... ........ .. ............................................ vii INTRODUCTION ... ... .. .. ................... .... ....................... .......... ............... ............ ... ........ 1 L'altérité nécessaire de l' extraterrestre en fiction .. .. ................... .. .. ........................... 2 État des recherches sur A lien : cinq modèles théoriques .. .. ............... .. .. ........ ............ 5 La narration transmédiatique d'A lien .... .. ...... .................. .. .. ............................. ...... 10 CHAPITRE 1....... .. ......................... .. ..... ..... ...... .. ............................................ ............ 13 PROLÉGOMÈNES POUR L' ÉTUDE DE LA NARRATION TRANSMÉDIATJQUE 13 1. La narration transmédiatique au carrefour de débats théoriques .. .. ........ .. ............ 16 1.1 . Pour une définition transmédiatique de la narration ...... .................. .. .. .......... 18 1.2. Média et transmédia : une définition intermédiale .. .. ............ ............... .. .. .. .. .. 23 1.3 . Récit médiatique, médiagénie et transmédiagénie .......................... .. ............. 27 2. Le world-building au centre de la narration transmédiatique .. .. ........................... 29 2.1. L'étude sémiologique du personnage .......................... ................ ................. 32 2.2. Du personnage à la figure ...... ...... .. .. ...................... .. .. ...... ........... ....... .......... 35 2.3 Définition de la figure ................ .................. .................................. ....... ...... .. 38 CHAPITRE II ..................... ............ .. .. ... ...................... ... .. .......................................... 41 1 AJN 'T AFRAID OF NO XENOMORPH .............. .. .. .. .. .... ................ .......... .. ........ .... 41 1. Identité paratextuelle : construction du contrat de lecture .. ...................... .. .......... 43 1 .1 . La « vedette » et 1' « auteur » : tisser des 1iens intertextuels ......................... .. 44 1.2. Le titre : syntaxe et signification ....................... ............................................ 44 1.3. Définir les genres .............. ....... .. .................. ...................... .......... .......... .. .... 48 1.3.1. L' effet fantastique: la peur en fiction ................................................ 50 1.3.2. La lecture science-fictionnelle .............. .. ........ ...... ......................... .. .. 55 1.4. Slogan et image : confirmation de l' identité générique paratextuelle ...... .. .. .. 57 2. À bord du Nostromo: « The corridor, the duct and the tunnel » .......................... 58 2.1 . Le Minotaure au cœur du labyrinthe ........ .............................. .. ...... .. ...... .. ..... 59 2.2. Altérité de la planète extraterrestre ........ ............ .................... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ....... 62 2.2.1. Giger et Lovecraft : esthétique et problématiques .................... .......... 63 2.2.2. Mise en scène du médium cinématographique .. ............................ .. .. 66 2.3. Naissance et reproduction ........ ............... ...... .. ...... .......... ....... .. .... .......... .. .. .. 68 IV 2.4. Hybridations et transgressions des frontières ................ .. ............... ............... 70 2.5. Décoder la présence du monstre: l' importance de la trace .. .. .... ........... ....... .. 72 CHAPITRE Ill .... .... ......... ......... .. ... .... .. .......... ................ .... .. .... .. ................................ 75 ARCHÉOLOGIE DES EXPANSIONS ET DYNAMIQUES D'ADAPTATION ....... .. 75 1. Écosystèmes : créer des histoires rentables .............. .......................................... 76 1.1 . Écosystème médiatique : entre immédiatie et hypermédiatie .......... ............... 79 1.2. Dynamiques de la transfictionnalité : une question de frontières .................. 82 1.2. 1. Les trois frontières de la fiction ....................... ......... .. ........................... 83 1.2.2. La frontière matérielle au cœur de la dynamique des franchises transmédiatiques .... ......... ........ ....... ....... .......................................... .... .. ... ........ .. .. 87 1.3. Les expansions transfictionnelles: renégociation de l' identité de la figure .. .. 90 2. Mutations de la figure au fil des expansions ........ .. .. ... .. ............... ... .. .............. ... 94 2.1. Expansion temporelle: l'antépisode Prometheus .......................... ................ 96 2.2. L'expansion transmédiatique: A lien : Isolation .......... ................ ...... .... ....... ] 00 2.2.1. Interpolation transfictionnelle : continuité et jouabilité .. .. .. ................... ] 00 2.2.2. La figure intégrée dans la jouabilité ...................... ... ......... .. ... .............. l 03 2.2.3. Les systèmes d'avertissement : anticipation et terreur .. .. ...... ................. ! 05 2.2.4. Questions de mimèsis :à la recherche de la figure ...... .. .................. .. .. .. 106 2.3 . La série dérivée comme expansion spatiale de la diégèse .. .......... .. .......... .. .. ] 08 2.3 .1 . A lien : No Exit : adaptation de la figure du cinéma au roman ...... ...... .. ! 10 2.3 .2. Perception sensorielle de la figure et récits oniriques ...... .................. .. .. 111 2.3.3. Remédiation du médium cinématographique ........................................ 114 2.4. Le croisement transfictionnel : rencontres et affrontements .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. ..... 116 3. La narration transméd iatique à la base de la construction du mythe ...... .. ........... ! 18 CONCLUSION .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. ...... .... .... .. .... .. ....... .. .. .. .. .. .. ............... ... ............................ 121 A lien : Covenant ou voir le film avant sa parution ................................ ................ 123 ANNEXES .......................... ............................ .......................................... ...... .......... 129 ANNEXE A AFFICHE PROMOTIONNELLE POUR ALlEN (RIDLEY SCOTT, 1979) .... .. .... 129 ANNEXE B SCÈNE D'OUVERTURE D'ALlEN (RIDLEY SCOTT, 1979) .. ........................... 130 SCÈNE D'OUVERTURE DE STAR WARS: A NEW HOPE (GEORGE LUCAS, 1977) ... .. ....................... .. ................ ...... ........... ...... .. .. .. .. ........................... ......... ... 130 ANNEXEC v H. R. GlGER, NECRONOMICON IV ........................ .... ..... .. .. ... ... ........................ 131 H. R. GIGER, NECRONOMICON V. ............................................ ................ ........ l31 XÉNOMORPHE DANS AL/EN (RIDLEY SCOTT, 1979) ................ ................... 132 ANNEXE D .................. .. ..... ...... ..................... ......... ........ .. .... .. ... ........... .. ............ 133 Légende .. ......... ........ ....................... ... ............................................................... 13 7 Définitions .................................
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