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Editor-in-Chief Gerald Schubert, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

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www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com ABOUT THE TREATISE

TREATISE ON GEOPHYSICS * Eleven-Volume Set SAVE 20% WITH INTRODUCTORY PRICING! Introductory Print Price: $3,995 / €3,200 / £2,250 List Print Price: $4,995 / €4,000 / £2,800 Editor-in-Chief: Gerald Schubert University of California, Los Angeles, USA *Introductory print price valid through end of third month after publication

The Treatise on Geophysics is the only comprehensive, state-of-the-art, and integrated summary of the present state of geophysics. Offering an array of articles from some of the top scientists around the world, this 11-volume work deals with all major topics of Solid-Earth Geophysics, including a volume on the terrestrial planets and moons in our solar system.

This major reference work will aid researchers, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals in cutting-edge research with all the relevant information that they need right at their fingertips.

KEY FEATURES: • Self-contained volumes start with an overview of the subject then explore each topic with in-depth detail • Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research • Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding • Content suited for both the expert and non-expert • Fully searchable text available on Science Direct shortly after publication

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2 www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com About the Editor-in-Chief

Gerald Schubert University of California, Los Angeles, USA

Born and raised in New York, Professor Gerald Schubert attended Cornell University where he obtained Bachelor of Engineering Physics and Master of Aeronautical Engineering degrees in 1961. He served in the U.S. Navy at the Nuclear Power School in Vallejo, California and at the same time studied for a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Sciences at U.C. Berkeley. He completed his naval service as a Lieutenant and armed with the Ph.D. left California in 1965 for a postdoctoral year at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, England. He returned to California a year later for a faculty position at UCLA. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Geophysics and Planetary Physics in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at UCLA. He has participated in space missions to the Moon (Apollo), Venus (Pioneer Venus and Magellan), and the Jupiter System (Galileo) as an interdisciplinary scientist and experiment co-investigator. He has authored and co-authored over 460 papers and 2 books (Geodynamics, Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets) and has had editorial responsibilities for 10 journals. His research deals broadly with the origin, evolution, and present states of the planets and moons of the solar system, including the Earth and the Moon. Professor Schubert is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has received the Harry Hess Medal and the James B. MacElwane Award of the American Geophysical Union and served as President of the Union’s Planetary Sciences Section.

Treatise on Geophysics, 11-Volume Set

Volume 5: Geomagnetism Masaru Kono Okayama University, Misasa, Japan

Volume 6: Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics Anthony B. Watts University of Oxford, UK

Volume 1: and Structure of the Earth Volume 7: Mantle Dynamics Barbara Romanowicz David Bercovici University of California, Berkeley, USA Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Adam Dziewonski , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Volume 8: Core Dynamics Peter Olson Volume 2: Mineral Physics Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA G. David Price University College, London, UK Volume 9: Evolution of the Earth David Stevenson Volume 3: Geodesy California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Thomas Herring Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Volume 10: Planets and Moons Tilman Spohn Volume 4: Seismology Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, Germany Hiroo Kanamori California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Volume 11: Index Volume

books.elsevier.com/earthscience 3 Contents** (per volume) – Each volume consists of 11 to 23 chapters. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. The index volume is designed to provide access to this integration. **Contents and contributors subject to change without notice.

Active Source Studies of Crust and Constraints from Geodynamics on Lithospheric Structure Seismological Models Alan Levander Alessandro M. Forte Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA University of Western Ontario, Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media Jeffrey Park Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Valerie Maupin University of Oslo, Norway Inverse Methods and Seismic Tomography Cliff Thurber University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Jeroen Ritsema University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Crust and Lithospheric Structure Global Crustal Structure Volume 1 – Seismology and Walter D. Mooney Structure of the Earth Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA Mid Ocean Ridge Structure Edited by: Barbara Romanowicz and Adam Dziewonski Donald W. Forsyth Volume 1 provides an overview of the status of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Volume 2 – Mineral Physics geophysics and is divided into three parts. Part I is Hotspot Swells Edited by: G. David Price devoted to various aspects of propagation Marcia K. McNutt and David Caress theory, data analysis and inversion methods, and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California, USA Mineral Physics provides the fundamental information documents the increasingly important role of numerical needed to interpret deep Earth geophysical data in computational methods. Part II addresses the internal Passive Experiments, Portable Arrays terms of Earth structure, composition, temperature and structure from the crust to the core, considering elastic, David E. James dynamics. Containing 23 chapters and divided into three anelastic and anisotropic views of the Earth at global Carnegie Institute of Washington, District of Columbia, USA parts, this volume contains summaries of what is known and regional scales. And, Part III reviews mineral physics Long Range Active Experiments in of the mineralogy and chemistry of the deep crust, the and geodynamics to further progress in the understanding Aleksander Guterch upper mantle, the transition zone, the lower mantle and of Earth’s internal dynamics and of the forces that Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, the core of the Earth. It also addresses the underlying drive plate tectonics by combining constraints from George R. Keller theory, techniques, and methods used in mineral physics, different disciplines. University of Texas, El Paso, USA as well as, in the fi nal sections of the volume, reviews the major physical properties of deep Earth minerals. Overview Deep Earth Structure Barbara Romanowicz Upper Mantle (Isotropic and Anistropic) Overview – Mineral Physics: Past, Present and Future University of California, Berkeley, USA Jean-Paul Montagner G. David Price Adam Dziewonski Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France University College London, UK Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Transition Zone and Mantle Discontinuities Mineralogy of the Earth Theory and Observations Rainer Kind The Mineralogy and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle Normal Modes and Surface Waves Theory University of Potsdam, Germany and the Core-Mantle Boundary John Woodhouse Lower Mantle and D” Tetsuo Irifune and Taku Tsuchiya University of Oxford, UK Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan Arwen Deuss Thorne Lay Cambridge University, UK University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Seismic Properties of Rocks and Minerals, and Structure of the Earth Normal Modes and Surface Waves Measurements The Earth’s Cores Annie Souriau Lars Stixrude Gabi Laske University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA Observatoire Mini-Pyrénées, France Rudolph Widmer-Schnidrig Scattering in the Earth Trace Elements and Volatiles in the Deep Earth Stuttgart University, Germany Peter M. Shearer Bernard J. Wood University of Bristol, UK Body Waves: Ray Methods and Finite University of California, San Diego, USA Frequency Effects Attenuation in the Earth The Core and the Behavior of Iron, Iron Alloys in Gilles Lambaré Brian J. Mitchell Planetary Interiors École des Mines de Paris, France St. Louis University, Missouri, USA Lidunka Vocadlo Jean Virieux Barbara Romanowicz University College London, UK Universite Nice, Sophia Antipolis, France University of California, Berkeley, USA High P/T Thermodynamics, Phase Transitions, Forward Modeling/Synthetic Body Wave Seismograms Constraints on Seismic Models from Equations of State and Elasticity Vernon Cormier Other Disciplines Artem R. Oganov University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA Constraints from Mineral Physics on ETH Hönggerberg, Forward Modeling/Synthetic Seismograms: 3D Seismological Models Lattice Vibrations and Spectroscopy of Mantle Phases Numerical Methods Lars Stixrude Paul F. McMillan University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Jeroen Tromp University College London, UK California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Raymond Jeanloz University of California, Berkeley, USA Multi Anvil Cells and High Pressure Regional Methods Experimental Methods Michael Bostock Eiji Ito University of , Canada Okayama University, Japan 4 www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com Diamond Anvil Cells and Ultra-High P/T Nearly Diurnal Variations Experimental Methods Veronique Dehant Ho-Kwang (Dave) Mao Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Belgium Carnegie Institute of Washington, District of Columbia, USA Piravonu Mathews Nungambakkam, India Techniques for Measuring High P/T Elasticity Jay D. Bass GPS and Space Based Geodetic Methods University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Geoffrey Blewitt University of Nevada, Reno, USA Measuring High P Electronic and Magnetic Properties Russell J. Hemley Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Geodesy Carnegie Institute of Washington, District of Columbia, USA Mark Simons and Paul A. Rosen Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Methods for the Study of High P/T Deformation Pasadena, USA and Rheology Donald J. Weidner and Li Li State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA The Ab Initio Treatment of High Pressure and Temperature Mineral Properties and Behavior Dario Alfè Volume 3 – Geodesy University College London, UK Edited by: Thomas Herring Properties of Rocks and Minerals Geodesy explores the theory, instrumentation and Constitutive Equations, Rock Rheology and Viscosity of Solids results from modern geodetic systems. The beginning David L. Kohlstedt sections of the volume cover the theory of the Earth’s University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA gravity fi eld, the instrumentation for measuring the fi eld, and its temporal variations. The measurements Diffusion, Viscosity and Flow of Melts and results obtained from variations in the rotation of Don Dingwell the Earth are covered in the sections on short and long University of Munich, Germany period rotation changes. Space based geodetic methods, Anisotropy in the Earth including the global positioning system (GPS) and David Mainprice Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), are also Universite de Montpellier II, France examined in detail. Volume 4 – Earthquake Seismology Physical Origins of Anelasticity and Overview Edited by: Hiroo Kanamori Attenuation in Rock Thomas Herring Ian Jackson Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Volume 4 presents the most recent fi ndings on the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia physics of . It includes chapters on seismicity Potential Theory and Static Gravity Field studies from pre-historic periods to the most modern High P Melting of the Earth studies on a global scale, deep earthquakes, nucleation, Christopher Jekeli Reinhard Boehler stress transfer, triggering, hydrological processes, and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Ohio State University, Columbus, USA recently discovered slow slips at plate boundaries. It Thermal Conductivity of the Earth Gravimetric Methods also covers closely related fi elds including tsunami, Anne M. Hofmeister and Joy Branlund Absolute Gravimeter: Instruments, Concepts volcanic seismology and physics, interaction between Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA and Implementation solid earth, atmosphere and ionosphere. Discussions on Malik Pertermann Tim Niebauer strong-motion seismology and its social implications are Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA Migro-g Solutions, Inc., Erie, Colorado, USA also reviewed. Magnetic Properties of Rocks and Minerals Super Conducting Gravity Meters Jacques Hinderer Overview Richard J. Harrison Gregory C. Beroza University of Cambridge, UK Institut de Physique du Globe Strasbourg, France David J. Crossley Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA The Electrical Conductivity of Rocks, Minerals, St. Louis University, Missouri, USA Hiroo Kanamori and the Earth Richard Warburton California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA James A. Tyburczy G.W.R. Instruments, Inc., San Diego, California, USA Arizona State University, Tempe, USA Seismic Source Theory Spacecraft Altimeter Measurements Raúl Madariaga Don Chambers École Normal Supérieure, Paris, France University of Texas at Austin, USA Fracture and Frictional Mechanics Time Variable Gravity Theory Earth Tides Yuri Fialko Duncan Agnew University of California, San Diego, USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA See page 10 of Dynamic Shear Rupture in Frictional Interfaces Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Speeds, Directionality and Modes this brochure for J.X. Mitrovica and K. Latchev Ares J. Rosakis, George Lykotrafi tis and Hiroo Kanamori University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA M.E. Tamisiea Kaiwen Xia information on Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Massachusetts, USA online access to the Friction of Rock at Earthquake Slip Rates Time-Variable Gravity from Satellites Terry E. Tullis John Wahr Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Treatise on Earth Rotation Variations Applications of Rate-and-State-Dependent Friction Long Period Variations to Models of Fault Slip and Earthquake Occurrence Richard Gross James H. Dieterich Geophysics Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, University of California, Riverside, USA Pasadena, USA

books.elsevier.com/earthscience 5 **Contents and contributors subject to change. Slip Inversion Geomagnetic Excursions Satoshi Ide Carlo Laj University of Tokyo, Japan Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environment, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Fault Interaction, Earthquake Stress Changes James E. T. Channell and the Evolution of Seismicity University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Geoffrey King Institute de Physique du Globe, Paris, France The Time-Averaged Field and Paleosecular Variation Dynamic Triggering Catherine L. Johnson David Hill Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA Vancouver, Canada Stephanie Prejean Phillip L. McFadden United States Geological Survey, Anchorage, USA Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia Deep Earthquakes Source of Oceanic Magnetic Anomalies and the Heidi Houston Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale University of Washington, Seattle, USA Jeffrey S. Gee University of California, San Diego, USA Volcanology 101 for Seismologists Volume 5 – Geomagnetism Dennis V. Kent Christopher Newhall Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, United States Geological Survey, USA Edited by: Masaru Kono Palisades, New York, USA Volcano Seismology Geomagnetism presents various aspects of the magnetic Palaeointensities Hitoshi Kawakatsu fi eld of Earth. After an overview, topics covered include Lisa Tauxe University of Tokyo, Japan magnetospheric interactions, secular variation, mag- University of California, San Diego, USA Earthquake Hydrology netic induction, archeomagnetism, reversals, excursions, Toshitugu Yamazaki Michael Manga oceanic and continental magnetic anomalies, and long- Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan University of California, Berkeley, USA term behaviors of the magnetic fi eld. The mathematical techniques for treating these phenomena are discussed True Polar Wander: Linking Deep and Interaction of Solid Earth, Atmosphere in detail. The electric and magnetic properties of Shallow Geodynamics to Hydro- and and Ionosphere Earth materials, as well as basic experimental and Bio-spheric Hypotheses T. D. Raub Toshiro Tanimoto observational techniques are also described. University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Juliette Artru-Lambin Overview – Geomagnetism in Perspective J. L. Kirschvink Centre National d’Études Spatiales, Toulouse, France Masaru Kono California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Okayama University, Misasa, Japan D.A.D. Evans Episodic Aseismic Slip at Plate Boundaries Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Susan Schwartz The Present Field University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Gauthier Hulot Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Global Seismicity Terrence Sabaka Results from Systematic Waveform Analyses, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA 1976-2005 Nils Olsen Göran Ekström Danish National Space Center, Copenhagen, Denmark Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA Magnetospheric Contributions to the Terrestrial Tsunami Magnetic Field Kenji Satake Wolfgang Baumjohann and Rumi Nakamura Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria Physical Processes that Control Strong Observation and Measurement Techniques Ground Motion Gillian M. Turner John Anderson Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand University of Nevada, Reno, USA Jean L. J. Rasson Institute Royale Meteorologique de Belgique, Belgium Paleo-Seismology Colin Reeves Lisa Grant Earthworks, Delft, the University of California, Irvine, USA Volume 6 – Crustal and Geomagnetic Secular Variation and its Applications Lithosphere Dynamics Archaeo-Seismology to the Core Amos M. Nur Andrew Jackson and Christopher Finlay Edited by: Anthony B. Watts Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Institute for Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland Volume 6 brings together the results of studies that Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Crustal Magnetism are fundamental to our understanding of crust and New Directions and Opportunities Michael Purucker lithosphere dynamics. It begins with a discussion of Richard Allen NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA plate kinematics and mechanics. Then it considers the University of California, Berkeley, USA Kathryn A. Whaler evidence from surface heat fl ow, stress measurements, The Role of Fault Zone Drilling Edinburgh University, UK and magmatism for the thermal and mechanical Mark Zoback Geomagnetic Induction Studies structure of the lithosphere. Finally, consideration is Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Steven Constable given to the structural styles of faulting, the deformation William Ellsworth and Stephen Hickman Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA of the crust and lithosphere in extensional (e.g. rifting) United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA and compressional (e.g. mountain building) regions, Magnetizations of Rocks and Minerals and the implications of plate mechanics for sedimentary Complexity and Earthquakes David J. Dunlop and Ozden Ozdemir basin evolution. Donald Turcotte, Robert Shchebakov and John Rundle University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of California, Davis, USA Overview Archaeomagnetic and Paleomagnetic Studies Anthony B. Watts of Centennial to Millennial-Scale Geomagnetic University of Oxford, UK Field Variations Catherine Constable Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA

6 www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com Plate Tectonics Overview Overview Paul Wessel David Bercovici Peter Olson University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA R. Dietmar Müller University of Sydney, Australia Physics and Theory Energetics of the Core Yanick Ricard Francis Nimmo Plate Rheology and Mechanics École normale supérieure de Lyon, France University of California, Los Angeles, USA Evgenii Burov Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Laboratory Methods Theory of the Geodynamo Anne Davaille and Angela Limare Paul Roberts Plate Deformation Institut de Physique de Globe de Paris, France University of California, Los Angeles, USA Roberto Sabadini University of Milan, France Analytical Methods Large Scale Flow in the Core Neil Ribe Richard Holme Heat Flow and Thermal Structure Institut de Physique de Globe de Paris, France University of Liverpool, UK Claude Jaupart Institut de Physique de Globe de Paris, France Computational Methods Thermal and Compositional Convection in the Jean-Claude Mareschal Shijie Zhong Outer Core GEOTOP-UQAM-McGill, Montréal, Québec, Canada University of Colorado at Boulder, USA Christopher A. Jones David A. Yuen University of Leeds, UK Lithosphere Stress and Deformation University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Mary-Lou Zoback Louis Moresi Turbulence and Small-Scale Dynamics in the United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA Outer Core Monash University, Victoria, Australia Mark Zoback David E. Loper Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Heat and Energy Budget of the Mantle Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA The Mantle Geotherm Rotational Dynamics of the Core Magmatism, Magma, and Magma Chambers Claude Jaupart and Stéphane Labrosse Bruce D. Marsh Andreas Tilgner Institut de Physique de Globe de Paris, France University of Göttingen, Germany Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Jean-Claude Mareschal The Dynamics of Continental Break-up Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Numerical Dynamo Simulations and Extension Ulrich R. Christensen and Johannes Wicht W. Roger Buck The Shallow Mantle and Upwellings Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges Max Planck Institute for Solar Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Germany New York, USA Edgar Marc Parmentier Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Magnetic Polarity Reversals in the Core Fault Dynamics Mantle Downwelling and the Fate of Gary A. Glatzmaier and Robert S. Coe Christopher H. Scholz University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Subducting Slabs New York, USA Scott D. King Inner Core Dynamics Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Ikuro Sumita Mountain Building University of California, Berkeley, USA Jean-Philippe Avouac Mantle Plumes and Hotspots Garret Ito Michael I. Bergman California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA Simon’s Rock College of Bard, Great Barrington, Tectonic Models for the Evolution of Peter van Keken Massachusetts, USA Sedimentary Basins University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Experiments on Core Dynamics Sierd Cloetingh Philippe Cardin Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands Mantle Chemistry and Convective Mixing Paul Tackley Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France Peter Ziegler ETH, Institut für Geophysik, Zürich, Switzerland Peter Olson Geological-Paleontological Institute, Basel, Switzerland Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Core-Mantle Interactions Bruce A. Buffett The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA

Save 20% with Introductory Volume 7 – Mantle Dynamics Volume 8 – Core Dynamics Pricing! Edited by: Peter Olson Edited by: David Bercovici This volume is a connected account of the dynamics at Mantle Dynamics provides an in-depth overview of the the heart of our planet. The range of subjects refl ects the Offer ends 3 months after fi eld of mantle dynamics in its present state. It surveys breadth and the fast pace of research in core dynamics. the physics and fl uid dynamics of mantle convection, Topics include structure and composition of the outer and month of publication. with theoretical, laboratory and computational methods. inner core, energetics of the core, convection, rotation, The volume also reviews the present understanding of fl ow and turbulence in the outer core, solidifi cation of the See page 11 for details. convection in Earth’s mantle, including energy sources inner core, dynamo theory and numerical dynamo models, and thermal evolution, upper-mantle fl ow, the fate of magnetic polarity reversals, laboratory experiments subducting slabs, hotspots and mantle plumes, and on the core and the geodynamo and the interactions convective mixing and mantle geochemistry. between the core and the other parts of the Earth. books.elsevier.com/earthscience **Contents and contributors subject to change. 7 Dynamics and Thermal History of the Terrestrial Planets, the Moon, and Io Doris Breuer DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany William B. Moore University of California, Los Angeles, USA Solid Planet–Atmosphere Interactions Mikhail Zolotov Arizona State University, Tempe, USA Water on the Terrestrial Planets Joern Helbert, Dennis Reiss and Ernst Hauber DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany , Life and Habitability Frances Westall Centre de Biophysique Molécuar, CNRS, Orléans, France Gordon Southam Volume 9 – Evolution of the Earth Volume 10 – Planets and Moons University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Edited by: David Stevenson Edited by: Tilman Spohn Giant Planets Tristan Guillot Volume Nine focuses on the formation of Earth, core Planets and Moons covers topics relating to the physics Boulevard de l’Observatoire, Nice, France and continents, outgassing and volcanism, development of the major planetary bodies in the solar system, Daniel Gautier of plate tectonics, origin and persistence of Earth’s starting with an introductory description of the solar LESIA-CNRS, Paris, France magnetic fi eld, growth of the inner core, changes in system and collection of pertinent data, continuing mantle convection through time, and impact of biology. with a discussion of the early history of the planets, Origin of the Natural Satellites The emphasis is on an interdisciplinary viewpoint that and fi nishing with articles about planet dynamics, Stanton Peale emphasizes the interplay of geophysics with other thermal evolution of planets and satellites, the thermal University of California, Santa Barbara, USA aspects of earth science and evolution. An effort is evolution of planets and satellites, descriptions of their Interiors and Evolution of Icy Satellites made to identify the areas where current knowledge is magnetic fi elds, and the processes that generate these. Hauke Hussmann incomplete and alternative histories are possible. In addition to providing a review on the solid planets and Institut für Planetologie, Muenster, Germany the satellites, this volume addresses the interactions of Overview Christophe Sotin the solid surfaces with the atmospheres as well as the Universite de Nantes, France David Stevenson roles of water and ice to shape the surfaces. Jonathan I. Lunine California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA University of Arizona, Tucson, USA Overview Consequences of Accretion for Earth’s Initial State Tilman Spohn Alexander N. Halliday Pluto, Charon and the Kuiper Belt Objects DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany S. Alan Stern, C.B. Olkin and Joel Wm. Parker University of Oxford, UK Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA Bernard Wood Interior Structure, Composition and Mineralogy of Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia the Terrestrial Planets Mission Analysis Issues for Planetary Frank Sohl Exploration Missions Core Formation DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany David Rubie Yves Langevin Gerald Schubert University of Bayreuth, Germany CPCN-CNRS, Paris, France University of California, Los Angeles, USA H. Jay Melosh Instrumentation for Planetary The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA Planetary Seismology Francis Nimmo Exploration Missions Philippe Lognonné Anthony Peacock, Peter Falkner and Rita Schulz University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France European Space Agency, Paris, France Catherine L. Johnson Magma Oceans and Primordial Mantle Differentiation University of California, San Diego, USA Slava Solomatov Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Rotation Variations of Terrestrial Planets Tim Van Hoolst History of Oceans and Atmospheres Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels Quentin Williams University of California, Santa Cruz, USA The Gravity and Topography of the Terrestrial Planets Plate Tectonics Through Time Mark A. Wieczorek Norman H. Sleep Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Origin and Evolution of Continents Exogenic Dynamics, Cratering and Surface Ages Zvi-Ben Avraham Boris A. Ivanov Tel Aviv University, Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres, Moscow, Russia Mordechai Stein William K. Hartmann Geological Survey of Isreal Planetary Science Institute, Tuscon, Arizona, USA Thermal Histories Planetary Magnetism Geoff Davies John E. P. Connerney The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia NASA, Greenbelt, Maryland Volume 11 – Index Volume Thermal and Chemical Evolution of the Core Planetary Dynamos Francis Nimmo Friedrich Busse University of California, Santa Cruz, USA University of Bayreuth, Germany Radostin D. Simitev History of Earth Rotation University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK W. Richard Peltier University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Life and Earth Evolution Gregory Retallack University of Oregon, Eugene, USA 8 www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com **Contents and contributors subject to change. Presented in a functional, clear and uniform layout

Reference section in each article provides quick access to the primary literature

Many fi gures and photographs complement the text

Chapters written by recognized authorities in their fi elds

Each entry provides a comprehensive, in-depth treatment of an overview topic

books.elsevier.com/earthsciencebooks.elsevier.com/earthscience 9 Sample pages. Content subject to change. LET’S TALK BOOKS! Treatise on Geophysics

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TREATISE ON GEOPHYSICS, ELEVEN-VOLUME SET Hardbound • c. 7,000 pages • ISBN-13: 978-0-444-51928-3 • Fall 2007

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PUBLISHING FALL 2007! TREATISE ON GEOPHYSICS 11-Volume Set

Editor-in-Chief Gerald Schubert, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

KEY FEATURES: • Self-contained volumes start with an overview of the subject then explore each topic with in depth detail • Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research • Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding • Content suited for both the expert and non-expert • Fully searchable text available on Science Direct shortly after publication

www.TreatiseOnGeophysics.com

Available electronically on ScienceDirect shortly upon publication. EES/FR/AD-31978-0407