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Puranas, Lord Jagannath Was Originally Worshipped As Lord Neela Madhaba, by a Savar Tribal Chief, Named Viswavasu

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Puranas, Lord Jagannath Was Originally Worshipped As Lord Neela Madhaba, by a Savar Tribal Chief, Named Viswavasu Newsletter Archives www.dollsofindia.com Char Dham - The Four Most Sacred Pilgrimages of Hindus Copyright © 2016, DollsofIndia Char Dham, literally meaning, four pilgrimage sites, are the temples that are among the most highly venerated Hindu Vaishnavite temples in India. These four places of pilgrimage, which were defined by Adi Shankaracharya, include Puri, Rameswaram, Dwarka and Badrinath. Hindus consider it a great fortune to visit the Char Dham during their lifetime. Till the mid- 20th century, other pilgrimage sites in the Indian State of Uttarakhand, namely, Yamunotri, Gangotri and Kedarnath, were known as Chota Char Dham. But not, these sites have also been referred to as the Char Dham. The Creation of the Char Dham The Four Shankaracharya Peeths at the Char Dham school of Hinduism gave rise to at least four Hindu Mathas or monastic establishments. The great saint/seer organized the monks under the four Mathas, headquartered at Jagannatha Puri (in the East), Sringeri Sharada Peetham (in the South), Dwarka (in the West) and Badrikashrama (in the North). Each one of these Peethams was headed by one of the shishyas, who oversaw the entire functioning of his respective Matha. Let us now look at each of these temples in detail: The Puri Jagannath Temple Puri Dham Temple Puri is located in the Eastern side of India, in the state of Odisha. Puri is one of the most ancient cities in the East and is situated along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. Puri is the site of the Govardhana Matha. The main temple is about 1000 years old and was constructed in the 12th century by Raja Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva. His dynasty was also known to have built the Sun Temple of Konark and several major Shiva temples as well. The Puri Jagannatha temple is particularly sacred to the followers of saint Ramananda, who was closely associated with it. It is also of great significance to the followers of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which was founded by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Deities of the Puri Jagannatha Temple Jagannath, Balarama and Subhadra The main deity in the Jagannatha Temple of Puri is Lord Sri Krishna, who is venerated as Lord Jagannatha, or the Lord of the Universe. This is the only temple in India, where Goddess Subhadra, the sister of Krishna, is worshipped along with their other brother, Lord Balabhadra. Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra hence constitute the main trinity of deities at the temple. They are depicted sitting on a bejeweled platform or the Ratnabedi, inside the sanctum sanctorum. Also placed on the Ratnadevi are the three Sudarshana Chakra deities, Madanmohan, Sridevi and Vishwadhatri. The main deities and the Sudarshana Chakra are made from sacred neem logs, known as Daru Brahma. Depending on the season, these deities are adorned with different types of garbs and jewels. Incidentally, the worship of the main deities in this temple pre-date the temple structure itself. It is believed that the rituals may have originated from ancient tribal worship. Origins of the Temple It is believed that the construction of the Jagannath temple was initiated during the reign of Anantavarman Chodaganga, the ruler of Kalinga (1078 - 1148 CE). The Jaga mohan and the Vimana portions were built during his rule. However, the Oriya ruler Ananga Bhima Deva took over and rebuilt it in its present state in the year 1174 CE. The worship of Jagannatha in the temple continued till 1558, when Odisha came under the siege of the Afghan general, Kalapahad. When Ramachandra Deb established an independent kingdom at Khurda in Orissa, the temple was reconstructed and the deities were reinstalled. The Madala Panji records that the Puri Jagannath temple had been invaded and plundered eighteen times since. Legend about the Temple's Origins Legend has it that, in the Treta Yuga, the original image of Jagannatha mysteriously manifested near a banyan tree, near the seashore, in the form an Indranila Mani or the Blue Jewel. It was radiant and resplendent and had the power to grant instant moksha (liberation) to anyone that so much as looked at it. Lord Yama or the God of Death wanted to hide it in earth. So he came down to earth and hid it successfully. In the next yuga, Dwapara, King Indradyumna of Malwa, heard of the image. He wanted to obtain it. For that, he undertook severe austerities. After some time, Vishnu appeared before him and instructed him to go to the seashore at Puri and find a floating log. He was then asked to make an image from its trunk. The king did as he was told. He travelled to the Puri seashore and found the log of wood. It was radiant and unmistakably divine. He performed a yagna (sacrificial fire ritual), from which Lord Yajna Narsimha appeared. He instructed the king that he should make a fourfold expansion of Vishnu from the log. He specified that the four idols should include Paramatma as Vasudeva, his Vyuha as Samkarsana, Yogamaya as Subhadra and his Vibhava as Sudarshana. The Architect of the Gods, Vishwakarma, offered to build a grand temple to house the deities. Lord Vishnu Vishnu then took the form of a carpenter and appeared before the king. He promised to create the idols, on the condition that he should be completely undisturbed till he finished his task. The king agreed to the condition. Vishnu then proceeded to prepare idols of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra from the log. Just after two weeks, however, Indradyumna's Queen started becoming restless and anxious. No sound was coming from within the temple and so, she feared that the carpenter had died inside. She requested the king to open the door and check inside. As the king entered the premises, he saw Vishnu diligently at work. However, he immediately stopped working as the king walked in. Enraged that the king had not adhered to his promise of staying away, Vishnu abandoned his work and left, leaving the idols unfinished. Jagannath, Balarama and Subhadra To Indradyumna's horror, the idols were missing hands and legs and had only stumps in their place. He was completely distraught and begged the Lord for mercy. However, a divine voice told him to install the idols in the temple. The voice also told him that, in spite of having no limbs, the idols were powerful enough to take care of the whole world. Another Legend about the Temple According to the Skanda Purana, Brahma Purana and other Puranas, Lord Jagannath was originally worshipped as Lord Neela Madhaba, by a Savar tribal chief, named Viswavasu. When King Indradyumna heard about this, he sent a Brahmin priest, Vidyapati, to locate the deity. The Brahmin could not locate it, but happened to meet Viswavasu's daughter, Lalita. He then married her. Vidyapati then coaxed his father-in-law to take him to the location of the deity, who finally conceded and took him blind-folded to Neela Madhaba's place of worship. Without his father-in-law's knowledge, Vidyapati cleverly dropped mustard seeds on the ground, along the way. The seeds germinated in a few days and that enabled him to find his way back to the cave. On hearing this, Indradyumna immediately proceeded to Odisha (then Odra desha) to worship the Lord. However, on reaching the cave, he discovered that the deity was missing. It was hidden in the sand. Determined to get a glimpse of the Lord, the king decided to fast unto death on Mount Neela. After a few days, a celestial voice assured the king that he would be able to see his Lord. Later, the king performed a horse sacrifice and built a magnificent temple for his Lord Vishnu. Sage Narada brought him an idol of Sri Nrisimha. This was installed within the temple. At this time, Indradyumna had the dream of collecting the fragrant log of wood and making idols out of it. He built a 1000-cubit high temple for Lord Jagannatha and invited Lord Brahma to consecrate it. Brahma readily agreed and was very pleased to the beautiful temple and the idols installed in it. He told the king to ask for a boon. Indradyumna requested that he should be childless and that he should be the last member of his family. He also added that, if there were anyone alive after him, he should only take the position as owner of the temple and should not work for the society. Brahma granted him the boon and disappeared. Cultural Heritage Incidentally, the three deities were claimed to be the symbols of Samvak Darshan, Samvak Jnana and Samvak Charita, by Jains, at a later time. These are the Triratha of Jainism - the three deities that grant Moksha to their followers. These deities are also sometimes venerated as Bhairava (an aspect of Lord Shiva) with Vimala (Devi Parvati, the consort of Shiva), installed within the temple complex. So this temple constitutes a sort of fusion of Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Jainism - something we rarely find in India or even the rest of the world. This temple has been visited by several great Acharyas (preceptors), including Madhavacharya, Adi Shankara (who established the Govardhana Matha here), Guru Nanak, Kabir, Tulsidas, Ramanujacharya, Sri Vallabhacharya and others. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, stayed here for 24 years and spread the name of God by chanting the Hare Krishna mantra. Part of the Char Dham The Puri Jagannatha temple is regarded as being the holiest among the Char Dham. Traditionally, a Hindu devotee's visit to the four temples starts from Puri, proceeding in a clockwise direction to the other temples. This is considered to be a pradakshina (circumambulation) of sorts.
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