2014 Classical Studies Higher Finalised Marking Instructions
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Tertullian Ad Nationes and Apologeticum Excerpts
Tertullian of Carthage Excerpts from To the Nations & Apology To the Nations/Ad nationes 2.9-17 (ANF 3:137-46) Apology/Apologeticum 29-40 (ANF 3:41-48) These two texts give us examples of Tertullian presenting himself to two different audiences. To the Nations is written to a Carthaginian audience, attacking Roman injustices and impieties. The Apology, on the other hand, is a defense of Christian practices, written to a Roman audience. To the Nations (excerpt) The Power of Rome. Romanized Aspect of All the Heathen Mythology. Varro's Threefold Distribution Criticised. Roman Heroes (Æneas Included,) Unfavourably Reviewed. Chapter IX.—The Power of Rome. Romanized Aspect of All the Heathen Mythology. Varro’s Threefold Distribution Criticised. Roman Heroes (Æneas Included,) Unfavourably Reviewed. Such are the more obvious or more remarkable points which we had to mention in connection with Varro’s threefold distribution of the gods, in order that a sufficient answer might seem to be given touching the physical, the poetic, and the gentile classes. Since, however, it is no longer to the philosophers, nor the poets, nor the nations that we owe the substitution of all (heathen worship for the true religion) although they transmitted the su- perstition, but to the dominant Romans, who received the tradition and gave it wide author- ity, another phase of the widespread error of man must now be encountered by us; nay, another forest must be felled by our axe, which has obscured the childhood of the degenerate worship922 with germs of superstitions gathered from all quarters. Well, but even the gods of the Romans have received from (the same) Varro a threefold classification into the certain, the uncertain, and the select. -
The Romans: an Introduction
The Romans: An Introduction The Romans: An Introduction 2nd edition is a concise, readable, and comprehensive survey of the civilization of ancient Rome. It covers more than 1,200 years of political and military history, including many of the famous, and infamous, personalities who featured in them, and describes the religions, society, and daily life of the Romans, and their literature, art, architecture, and technology, illustrated by extracts in new translations from Latin and Greek authors of the times. This new edition contains extensive additional and revised material designed to enhance the value of the book to students especially of classical or Roman civil- ization, Roman history, or elementary Latin, as well as to general readers and students of other disciplines for whom an understanding of the civilization and literature of Rome is desirable. In particular, the chapter on religions has been expanded, as have the sections on the role of women and on Roman social divisions and cultural traditions. There is more, too, on the diversity and administration of the empire at different periods, on changes in the army, and on significant figures of the middle and later imperial eras. New features include a glossary of Latin terms and timelines. Maps have been redrawn and new ones included along with extra illustrations, and reading lists have been revised and updated. The book now has its own dedicated website packed full of additional resources: www.the-romans.co.uk. Antony Kamm is a former lecturer in publishing studies at the University of Stirling. His other publications include Collins Biographical Dictionary of English Literature (1993), The Israelites: An Introduction (Routledge 1999), and Julius Caesar: A Life (Routledge 2006). -
Ages and Abilities
Childhood in the Past: Monograph Series 9 AGES AND ABILITIES AGES AND ABILITIES AGES AND ABILITIES Ages and Abilities explores social responses to childhood stages from the late Neolithic to Classical Antiquity in Central Europe and the Mediterranean and includes cross-cultural comparison to expand the theoretical and methodological framework. By comparing The Stages of Childhood and osteological and archaeological evidence, as well as integrating images and texts, authors consider whether childhood age classes are archaeologically recognizable, at their Social Recognition in which approximated ages transitions took place, whether they are gradual or abrupt and different for girls and boys. Age transitions may be marked by celebrations and Prehistoric Europe and Beyond rituals; cultural accentuation of developmental stages may be reflected by inclusion or exclusion at cemeteries, by objects associated with childhood such as feeding vessels and toys, and gradual access to adult material culture. Access to tools, weapons and status symbols, as well as children’s agency, rank and social status, are recurrent themes. The volume accounts for the variability in how a range of chronologically and geographically Katharina Edited by and Doris Pany-Kucera Rebay-Salisbury diverse communities perceived children and childhood, and at the same time, discloses universal trends in child development in the (pre-)historic past. Katharina Rebay-Salisbury is an archaeologist with a research focus on the European Bronze and Iron Ages. After completing her PhD in 2005, she was a post-doctoral researcher at the Universities of Cambridge and Leicester in the UK, where she participated in research programmes on the human body and networks. -
Tooke's Pantheon of the Heathen Gods and Illustrious Heroes
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com -- - __ |- · |- |- |- |-|--. -:|-· |.…….….….….---- |-· |-|- ·|- ·· · · |-··|- |- |-· |-- |-· |- |- .|- ·|-|-|- | | . .|-|- |- ·-|- · - |×· . |(-)|-|- |- |-|- |- ſ. |- ·-|- |- |-|-|-|- · . · ·|× ·· |-|× |-|-|- · -· |-- |-|- |- |- . |- |- |- -|- |- |- · |- · |- ·-. |- |- ·|- |- |-|-|- ·|- ·· : - · |- ··|-|- |-·|- |- ·|-· |-|- |- |- |- · |- |- |-· |- · ·|-- |-· ·|- |- | .|- |- |- |- |- ·|- · |- |-|- ----· | .|- : · |-|- -- · _ |-├. |- ---- ·:·| |- ·|- |-·|- .- . |-· -.-|-|- |- |- |-- · ·-· )·---- · ·-·|-----· · |-|------ - |- --------|- . | _|- - . -- |-|- . .- -- | _ THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY - º \ , º, y " . * , an TookE's PANTHEON ... , - 2. * , , *... * * * * - , , , , r . of ºpe > * > 2 -> • * * * * * > > → * HEATHEN Gods 3 2 * AND I L II, U S T R I O U S HE R O E. S. REVISED FOR * A CLASSICAL COURSE OF EDUCATION, AND ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS OF EVERY AGE AND OF EITHER SEX. illustrateD WITH ENGRAVINGS FROM NEW AND ORIGINAL DESIGrºg. * º * - * -- B. A. L TIM OR E: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM & JOSEPH NEAL. 1838, - DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, ss. - BE IT REMEMBERED, that on this fifth day of May, in the forty-first year of the Independence of the United States of America, Edward J. Coale and Nathaniel G. Maxwell, of the said district, have deposited in this office, the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors in the words -
Divinità Minori Ma Questioni Complesse: Morfologia E Teonimia Nei Sondergötter Di Roma
Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Letterari Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Linguistica Classe LM-39 1 Tesi di Laurea Divinità minori ma questioni complesse: morfologia e teonimia nei Sondergötter di Roma Relatore: Prof. Davide Bertocci Laureanda: Giulia Eleonora Laudani n° matr.1155517/LMLIN Anno Accademico 2019 / 2020 INDICE INTRODUZIONE .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. NOMI DIVINI NEL PANORAMA LATINO .............................................................................. 7 1.1 Gli indigitamenta .............................................................................................................. 7 1.2. Assenza di mito e “teologia della parola” ..................................................................... 10 1.3. I Götternamen di Usener ............................................................................................... 12 1.4. Criticità delle teorie useneriane: arcaicità e rapporto tra divinità minori e maggiori .. 14 1.5. I teonimi all’interno del sistema linguistico .................................................................. 17 1.6. La facies morfologica dei teonimi latini ........................................................................ 19 2. GLI INDIGITAMENTA: UN’ANALISI MORFOLOGICA .......................................................... 21 2.1. Suffisso -a ..................................................................................................................... -
1000 Mythological Characters Briefly Described
1000 Mythological Characters Briefly Described Author: Edward S. Ellis The Project Gutenberg EBook of 1000 Mythological Characters Briefly Described, by Edward S. Ellis This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: 1000 Mythological Characters Briefly Described Adapted to Private Schools, High Schools and Academies Author: Edward S. Ellis Release Date: April 7, 2013 [EBook #42474] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1000 MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Sam W. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's Note Bold text is marked with equals signs, =like this=. For ease of searching, names with a syllabic accent mark have been included initially without that accent, and all ligatures have been expanded (e.g. æ has become ae). Further, proper nouns in the main body of the text (but not in the quoted material) have been made consistent where there was either a definite typographic error or there was a clear prevalence of one form over another. A list of these changes may be found at the end of the text. There were some instances of valid variable spellings which have been preserved as printed in each case. These include: Adrastaea, Adrasteia; Dionysus, Dionysius; Galatea, Galataea; Nemean, Nemaean; Perithous, Pirithous. The book also uses some archaic spelling, and this is also preserved as printed. -
The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book I: the Player's Guide
1 The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book XXI: The Book of Pantheons Writing and Design: Marco Ferraro The Book of Pantheons Copyright © 2019 Marco Ferraro. All Rights Reserved This is meant as an amateur free fan production. Absolutely no money is generated from it. Wizards of the Coast, Dungeons & Dragons, and their logos are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast LLC in the United States and other countries. © 2019 Wizards. All Rights Reserved. Beyond Heroes is not affiliated with, endorsed, sponsored, or specifically approved by Wizards of the Coast LLC. Contents Foreword 4 Timeline 4 Earth Pantheons 6 Afghani 7 Afrikana 9 Arabian 16 Armenian 23 Australian Aboriginal 24 Aztec 28 Babylonian 34 Baltic 41 Basque 48 British 49 Burmese 50 Cambodian 53 Canaanite 56 Celtic 58 Chinese 68 Egyptian 76 Eskimo 80 Estonian 82 Etruscan 85 Filipino 93 Finnish 105 Gaulish 108 Greek 111 Hindu 116 Hittite 123 Hungarian 125 2 Hurrian 128 Inca 133 Indonesian 135 Irish 139 Islander 144 Japanese 155 Korean 162 Lusitanian 165 Malaysian 174 Maori 178 Mayan 179 Mesopotamian and Sumerian 186 Mongolian 192 Native American 194 Norse 201 Ossetian 207 Phoenician 208 Pop Culture 212 Primordial 215 Roman 221 Sami 233 Scottish 234 Semitic 236 Slavic 237 Syrian 240 Thai 241 Thracian 244 Tibetan 245 Voodun 256 Welsh 265 DC Comics Entities 269 Marvel Comics Entities 275 Dungeons and Dragons 279 Eternal Champion 297 Middle Earth 299 Palladium Fantasy 301 Pathfinder 302 Warhammer Fantasy 302 The Pantheon Creation Guide 304 Spheres for Gods 317 Mana and Deities 320 Creating Cosmic Beings 325 Characters who Ascend 327 Characters who Ascend II 328 List of Cosmic Powers 331 Organizations 338 3 Foreword while countless points of light flare and The Beyond Heroes Role Playing Game die in the interior. -
2015 Classical Studies Higher Finalised Marking Instructions
© 2015 Classical Studies Higher Finalised Marking Instructions Scottish Qualifications Authority 2015 The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non- commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained from SQA’s NQ Assessment team. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the centre’s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance. SQA’s NQ Assessment team may be able to direct you to the secondary sources. These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced for commercial or trade purposes. Part One: General Marking Principles for: Classical Studies Higher This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in conjunction with the specific Marking Instructions for each question. (a) Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these general marking principles and the specific Marking Instructions for the relevant question. If a specific candidate response does not seem to be covered by either the principles or detailed Marking Instructions, and you are uncertain how to assess it, you must seek guidance from your Team Leader/Principal Assessor. (b) Marking should always be positive ie, marks should be awarded for what is correct and not deducted for errors or omissions. -
Taboo, Magic, Spirits
TABOO, MAGIC, SPIRITS: A STUDY OF PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS IN ROMAN RELIGION BY ELI EDWARD BURRISS (1931) Page 1 PREFACE ROMAN religion, as we meet it in historical times, is a congeries of many elements. One of the problems of the modern scholar is to separate and interpret these various elements—primitive, Latin, Etruscan, Greek, Oriental. Even the casual student of comparative religion, who is also familiar with Latin literature, cannot fail to recognize, running through the enormous mass of facts and ideas about religion and superstition, elements which are common to all religions, past and present, whether among savages or civilized men. Such elements, when discovered in a devel- oped religion, may fairly be called primitive. In the study of the religion of any people, the starting point should be with these common elements. However, it has usually been the habit of scholars to trace the development of gods and god- desses, rites and priesthoods, to their historical sources, and to describe and interpret the Roman calendar with its many festivals; and if primitive elements have been treated at all, they have formed part of a larger work, or have been rather cursorily dismissed to clear the way for a study of the religion of the organized Roman State. Thus W. Warde Fowler, in The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic, and Georg Wissowa, in his Religion und Kultus der Romer, were concerned primarily with the facts of historical Roman religion. Fowler, to be sure, devoted two chapters in The Religious Experience of the Roman People to a study of primitive elements, but he was clearly anxious to hurry on to his main theme.