Public Disclosure Authorized WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS PIU

Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Management Plan

Rehabilitation of Primary Canals of Shirak Irrigation Scheme:

Public Disclosure Authorized Shirak canal, DM13+40 – DM24+04 Distributor canal No. 26, DM91+64 – DM169-84

30 September 2008

Public Disclosure Authorized Revised – 9 August 2011

WSDII PIU 75/44 Baghramyan Street Yerevan 0033, Armenia Tel +374 10 277943 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

CONTENT

Glossary ...... 3

Executive Summary ...... 4

1 Introduction ...... 6

2 Project Description ...... 6

3 Description of Existing Conditions ...... 7

4 Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 12

5 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures ...... 13

6 Institutional Responsibilities, Reporting and Budget ...... 15

6.1 Institutional Responsibilities ...... 15

6.2 Reporting Format and Schedule ...... 15

6.3 Budget ...... 16

7 Public Consultation ...... 17

8 Environmentally Sound Clauses for Civil Works Contracts ...... 18

9 Main Findings ...... 18

Annexes ...... 20

Annex A: Environmental Management Plan: Mitigation Measures ...... 20

Annex B: Monitoring Plan ...... 26

Annex C: Incident Report Form ...... 28

Annex D: Check List of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 29

Annex E: Environmental Clauses for Contracts ...... 41

Annex F: Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings…………………………………………….………………………….………47

2 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Glossary AMD Armenian Dram ARD Armenian Road Directorate DM Distance Marker (or “Picket Number”) EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan Environmental Expertise State Environmental Expertise SNCO of the MNP ESAOC Environmental and Social Assessment and Oversight Consultant ESIO Environmental and Social Impact Officer, MCA-Armenia GIS Geographic Information System GoA Government of Armenia ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams Irrigation PIU Water Sector Development and Institutional Improvements PIU MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MCA-Armenia Millennium Challenge Account - Armenia State SNCO MNP Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia NGO Non-Governmental Organization RAP Resettlement Action Plan RA Republic of Armenia RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRRP Rural Road Rehabilitation Project SCWS State Committee on Water Systems USD United States of America Dollars WB World Bank WSA Water Supply Agency WUA Water User Association

3 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Executive Summary Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme is envisaged under the Additional Financing for the Irrigation Rehabilitation Emergency Project (AF IREP). The rehabilitation of Shirak main canal was envisaged under the MCA-Armenia program. For this purposes Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared under the MCA-Armenia, however because of the limited time and resources these rehabilitation works were not carried out under the MCA-Armenia program.

This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was revised for the rehabilitation of the following primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme:

• Shirak canal; • Distribution canal No. 26.

The overall objective of the EMP is to bring the project into compliance with the environmental and social requirements set by the legislation of the Republic of Armenia and World Bank’s environmental and social policies. The EMP links the mitigation measures into a comprehensive implementation scheme, designed to ensure action. It describes institutional responsibilities, compliance monitoring and reporting requirements, and cost for implementing the EMP, all in order to answer the “who?”, “how?” and “how much?” questions.

Shirak irrigation scheme is one of the major irrigation systems of Armenia. The feasibility study and final design for the Shirak irrigation scheme was prepared by "Hayjrnakhagits" CJSC under the contract IA06/003 for Design and Construction Supervision for Rehabilitation of Six Main Canals.

The canals proposed for rehabilitation are located in the north-western part of Armenia within Amasia, Akhuryan and Maralik districts of Shirak Marz. The irrigation systems supplied from the Shirak irrigation scheme are served by Akhuryan-Araks Water Supply Agency and Achapnyak-Vorogum, Shir-Vorogum and Aygabats-Vorogum WUAs. The command area of the Shirak irrigation scheme is Shirak valley which spreads over altitudes of 1,300-1,935 meters above sea level. The rehabilitation works are expected to start in winter 2011 and end in early spring 2013 covering two off-irrigation seasons.

53 communities get water from Shirak irrigation scheme system. However, only 14 communities are considered to be direct beneficiaries as they are located right within the rehabilitation area of the Shirak irrigation scheme. Main agricultural activities include growing wheat, potatoes, vegetables, perennial plants and tobacco while orchards are also observed.

The proposed rehabilitation works will have insignificant, short-term and localized

4 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme environmental impacts during implementation of rehabilitation works and further operation and maintenance of the canal systems. The impacts during the construction period are expected to be mainly caused by the need for removal of degraded concrete slabs lining canals under rehabilitation; removal of outtake fixtures and piping prior to replacement; extensive dredging of canals under rehabilitation; upgrading of service roads; and earthworks as required. All debris, spillage and construction waste, including silt taken from canals must be properly removed and disposed off at approved landfills/dump sites that do not encroach upon areas inhabited by local residents. Contractors shall agree with the relevant local/regional authorities the sites for disposal of excavated materials and construction wastes. Earth borrowing and mining of local aggregates and spoils disposal sites will have a temporary negative impact on the environment. Clearing of vegetation and excavations may also take place for some parts of the access roads. Base camps with storage of oil, chemicals and other pollutants will be removed. Following rehabilitation, canal embankments will be planted with ground cover and steep slopes strengthened with vegetation, grass and plants or gabions. Dust and smoke arising from construction machines can have a negative impact on the ambient air quality. Such effects are expected to be minimal and transient. During operation, negative environmental impacts will be less apparent but might result from inadequate attention to removal of silt debris and waste from canal beds during routine maintenance. Leakage from canals will be monitored to prevent excess soil saturation and water logging.

Rehabilitation of Shirak irrigation scheme will bring positive changes to delivery of irrigation water, and water users will more easily obtain the required quantity of irrigation water in a timely manner. Greater water use efficiency can lead to increased levels of agricultural productivity, including more water for landholders at the end of the canal delivery system. Rehabilitation can lead to the adoption of higher value cropping patterns, as well as the extension of irrigated land holdings thereby increasing food security. As a result of rehabilitation of the canals the water resource will be more effectively managed. Site investigations suggest that there are some areas where rural inhabitants have encroached on lands adjacent to the canals. Where construction or operation of the project result in a loss of assets or access to assets (temporarily or permanently), the project affected people will be compensated in accordance with the World Bank's Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). A Resettlement Action Plan will be developed consistent with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and will be implemented prior to construction in the affected areas to ensure proper compensation to the affected people.

This EMP provides for a list of measures designed to mitigate the likely negative environmental and social impacts, as well as enhancement measures to strengthen the positive impacts. These measures were designed with due consideration of public concerns that were obtained in the process of informal and formal consultations with the public that may be affected by the project. A set of environmentally and socially sound clauses for civil works contracts is incorporated in the Technical Specifications for Shirak irrigation scheme and included in Annex E.

5 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

1 Introduction

Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme is envisaged under the Additional Financing for the Irrigation Rehabilitation Emergency Project (AF IREP). The rehabilitation of Shirak main canal was envisaged under the MCA-Armenia program. For this purposes Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared under the MCA-Armenia program, however because of the limited time and resources these rehabilitation works were not carried out under the MCA-Armenia program.

Currently the WB considers AF IREP to address rehabilitation of primary canals Shirak irrigation scheme. Taking into account that EMP prepared under the MCA-Armenia program for Shirak main canal fully covers the primary canals proposed for rehabilitation under AF IREP, the EMP is applicable for rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme.

2 Project Description

This chapter was developed by using the baseline environmental and social data collected and provided by the FS/FD Consultant.

The primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme proposed for rehabilitation are located in the administrative districts of Amasia, Akhuryan, and Maralik regions of Shirak Marz and include agricultural lands of Shirak Plateau.

Shirak irrigation scheme starts at the Lenges headwork (tunnel exit), is 18.5 km long and its conveyance capacity is 6.1 m3 see-I. Akhuryan right-bank canal starts at the tunnel exit in the South-Western part of Amasia community and is 23.1 km long. Conveyance capacity gradually reduces from the headwork (6.0 m3 see-I) to the tail-end (1.2 m3 see-I). Distribution canal B-26 starts from the tail-end of Shirak irrigation scheme and is 25.8 km long. Conveyance capacity along the canal changes from 2.0 to 1.0 m3 S·I. The canals in the system are lined except some sections of Shirak canal after DM68+00, where the canal passes through the rocks.

As a result of long-term operation, the influence of climatic factors, fluid erosion, and the effect of anthropogenic factors, there has been serious deterioration of the concrete structures. Some stretches have lost their vertical position, reducing the discharge capacity of canals and causing significant seepage losses. A summary of the rehabilitation works proposed under AF IREP is provided in Table 1.

Two primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme are proposed for rehabilitation under AF IREP.

6 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

 Shirak canal at DM13+40 – DM24+04; total length of rehabilitation - 1,064 m.  Distributor canal No.26 at DM91+64 – DM169+84; total length of rehabilitation – 3,550 m.

Rehabilitation works will include: soil excavation; soil backfill; demolition of broken r/c slabs; demolition of eroded concrete layer; cleaning of existing concrete surface of bottom and slopes; patching of cavities on the existing concrete lining of bottom and slopes by monolithic concrete; lining of bottom and slopes by 12 cm thick monolithic concrete; arrangement of joints.

Most of the canals proposed for rehabilitation are lined with cast-in-situ concrete or pre- cast concrete slabs. Canals operate from April-May through October during the normal planting season.

As a result of long-term operation, the influence of climatic factors, fluid erosion, and the effect of anthropogenic factors, there has been serious deterioration of the concrete structures. Some stretches have lost their vertical position, reducing the discharge capacity of canals and causing significant seepage losses. A summary of the rehabilitation works proposed under AF IREP is provided in Table 1.

Table 1. Overview of canals of Shirak irrigation scheme to be rehabilitated under AF IREP Canal name Total length Proposed for Number of Actually of canal (m) rehabilitation beneficiary irrigated area (m) communities (ha) Shirak canal 18620 1064 9 9817 Distributor canal No. 25840 3550 5 3500 26 Total 44460 4614 14 13317

3 Description of Existing Conditions

Climate

Armenia generally has a highland continental climate characterized by dry and hot summers and cold winters. The climate in the region of Shirak irrigation scheme in general is typically arid. The summer is warm with maximum temperatures of +30°C. The winter is cold and long. The minimum temperature varies between -25 and -30°C. The frost depth is 1.0 - 1.2 m. The climate of Shirak can be characterized by three main types:

7 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

 moderate with long-lasting warm summers and cold winters;  moderate with short cool summers and cold winters; and  mountain-tundra type.

Annual precipitation varies between 300 and 500 mm, 500 and 700 mm or even exceeds 700 mm in the respective zones. Evaporation also decreases from south- west to south-east.

Upper Akhuryan is the most humid area of the Shirak region. Annual precipitation is 600 - 700 mm, evaporation is extremely low because of low air temperatures.

Relief and Geomorphology

Orographically the study area is mountainous with deep gorges that surround the wide Shirak highland. In spite of extremely rugged terrain there are also some areas with gende sloping highland with specific gullies and stream channels of second order. The gorge of Akhuryan River serves as the main water intake for the entire catchment area where all surface water and groundwater is drained.

The area is composed of sedimentary sandstones, tuff-sandstones, limestone and porphyrite breccia of Paleogene age. The tuffs and basalts that are widely distributed in this area are younger. The tuff rocks of Yerevan and Leninakan types are referred to the lower Quaternary age. The lower Quaternary volcanic andesite- basalts also occupy a considerable area in the region. The above rocks are covered by alluvial, diluvial, alluvial and coluvial sediments represented by pebbly-gravel, rock remains like coarse sand, sandy loam and loam soil with variable thickness of 3.0 - 8.0 m. As a result of review of available materials and topographic and field geophysical surveys made by the FS/FD Consultant for assessing of geological- engineering characteristics of the Shirak irrigation scheme, nine engineering geological elements Oayers) can be distinguished.

The summary of these layers description is the following:

NQ1(dlQlv) - top soil of loam content with up to 15% inclusion of rock debris, thickness 0.1-0.3 m, soil workability category - 9v /8v;

NQ2 (alQlv) - top soil of alluvial origin of gravely-pebble content with up to 25% of sand matrix, thickness up to 2.0 - 4.0 m, soil workability category - 6g/9g;

NQ3 (dlQlv) - loam soil of deluvial origin with up to 20-25% inclusion of small rock debris, thickness - 1.5-3.0 m, soil workability category 33g/33g;

NQ3a(dlQlv) - sandy loam soil with up to 15% inclusion of small rock debris, thickness - 2.0-3.0 m, soil workability category - 34v /34v;

NQ4 (dlQIV) - rock debris and coarse sand with up to 30-40% loam matrix,

8 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

thickness 3.0-5.0 m, soil workability category - 13/14;

NQ5(eldlQIV) - large rock debris of elluvial origin with up to 30% sandy loam matrix, thickness - 2.0-4.0 m, soil ·workability category - 12/13;

NQ6 (~QI) - weakly fissured and weathered tuff of lower Quaternary age, thickness - 5.0-15.0 m, soil workability category - 37/37;

NQ7 (~QI) - intensively fissured and weathered andesite-basalt tuff of lower Quaternary age, thickness 50-100 m, soil workability category - 19/20';

NQ8 (ag) - paleogene strata senes - sandstone, tuff-sandstone, limestone and Porhphyrite breccia; thickness - 100-150 m, soil workability category - 28b /29b.

Hydrology

Shirak irrigation scheme starts from Akhuryan River at the Lenges headwork (tunnel exit). The total length of the main canal is 18.5 km. The observations made between 1997 and 2007 showed that the average minimum monthly discharge was lowest in 1999 (2.9 m3 see-I). The water shortage (20.36 m3) in the system was compensated with water supply from Arpa reservoir.

Water-logging or salinized soils have not been found in the proposed area and the groundwater is located mainly at the depth of 50 - 60 m. However, high groundwater tables are observed in some areas of Shirak lowland. A drainage network has been installed to decrease the high groundwater levels.

Biological Diversity

Flora

The flora of the area considered is represented mainly by a steppe, partly meadow- steppe and meadow type species distributed in Shirak floristic region.

The main flora is represented by cereal-meadow-steppe species: Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, F. ovina L., Koeleria albovii Domin, K. cristata (L.) Pers., Bothriochloa ischaemum ,Keng, Stipa capillata L., S. lessingiana Trin. Et Rupr., S. tirsa Stev.,Eiytrigia trichophora (Link) Nevski, Galium verum L., the species like Agropyuron, Andropogon, Scabiosa, Veronica, Artemisia, Achillea, Astragalus mostly prevail. Fowl-grass and grasses typical for this zone: (Festuca valesiaca), sheep fecsue (F.ovina), (Koeleria cristata), feather grass-fescue, fescue-thin-Iegged , bluegrass, couch grass, lady's bedstraw. The latters occur in combination with some species of couch-grass, bluegrass, scaboious, wormwood, milfoil, astragals.

Among wide herb species the following plants are spread here: common origanum (Origanum vuigare), Elfwort, (lnula helenium), marshpepper knotweed (polygonum hydropiper), jimson weed (Datura stramonium), 'Edelweiss'

9 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

(Amelanchier rotundifolia), Motherwort (Leonorus cardiaca), knot-grass (polygonum cameum), garden valerian (Valerian a officinalis).

Among endemic species the following plants prevail in the area: from aster family - Asteraceae (Centaurea hajastana), from teasel family - Dipsacaceae -(Cephalaria armeniaca), from mallow family - Malvaceae - (Aleea grosskeimii), from honeysuckle family - Caprifoliaceae - (Sambucus tigranii).

Among the species registered in the Red book of the RA the following plants are found in the area: (Sambucus tigranii), (paracaryum tenuifolia), The Lady Orchid (Orchis purpurea), orchid (Dactylorhiza cataonica), (Bupleurum sosnowskyi), astragal Iranian (Astragalus persicus), (Ribes achurjani), (Aleea karsianay).

Fauna

A mountain-steppe zone has it specific ecosystem with the fauna represented in it. However, in comparison with plant communities, the fauna due to its movability has a vaster area of spreading. Numerous species at the same time can be widely spread in different landscape zones due to their ecological flexibility.

Mountain steppe landscape zone fauna is characterized by relatively poor and single species of invertebrate animals that also include rare, extinct (disappearing) and endemic species of grasshoppers and locusts.

Herpetofauna is represented by Armenian lizard (Lacerta armeniaca), Dahli lizard (L.dahli), valentine's rocky lizard (L.valentini), Nairian lizard (L.nairensis), Armenian adder (Vipera raddei), steppe adder (V.erivanensis), Palaearctic tail- lined snake (Coluber ravergieri) and other species. In the areas around the reservoir and the rivers aquatic grass-snake (Natrix tresselata) and ordinary grass- snake (N.natrix) are spread.

Among birds perching birds (passeriformes) and diurnal birds of prey (Falconiformes) are widely spread.

Among mammals besides widely spread species of hare (Lepus europaeus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), wolf (Canis lupus), a number of representatives of species of rodents are found. This zone is more favourable for meadow mouse (Msubterraneus), marten (Martes foina), M.anomalus and other speCies.

Among the species registered in the Red book of the RA the following mammals are spread in this area: among animals - south-russian polecat (V ormela peregusna), Caucausean otter (Lutra lutra L.), among birds - Iranian Bluethroat thrushe (Luscinia svecica occidentalis), steppe falcon (Falco naumanni Fleisch), ordinary white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla L.), among fishes potamodromous asp (Aspius aspius LY).

Soil properties and salinisation

As to fertile land zones and soil types Shirak region is included in "Akhuryan -

10 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Spitak" and "Ashotsk" areas. Fertile land carbonate, typical fertile land, fertile marlfree, river-valley-meadow lands prevail here. Wheat, potato, orchards and vegetables, perennial plants and tobacco are mainly cultivated here5.

Fertile lands are located in the areas at the altitude of 1300 - 2450 m in Shirak plateau and slightly sloping mountains. Different concentrations of humus (3.5 - 12 %), more than average absorbity (35 - 55 mg/eqv), high aggregation, mostly neutral, sometimes slightly alkaline or slightly saline reactions (pH 6.8 - 8.2) as well as best characteristics of composition and water-physical properties are observed here.

Meadowfertile lands are located in the steppe zone within the boundaries of fertile soils in conditions of surface and ground humidity. They are mainly spread in Shirak plateau, are very similar to marlfree fertile lands, though unique water- geological conditions have contributed to significant increase of humus concentration (10 - 13%) and become clayey in lower layers. They have slight saline reaction; the amount of cations in 100g soil is up to 57 mg/ eqv.

Agricultural lands, that have slight ground feeding or have been cut from underground feeding a long time ago, have weakly developed, mostly stony and rich skeleton profile, low to average humus concentration (2 - 4 %), have neutral, sometimes weak alkaline reaction (pH 6.9 - 8.1) and different absorption volume (14 - 35 mg/ eqv) where absorbed magnesium is significant.

Steppes which are the main landscapes in Shirak region are located in Shirak valley and high plains of Ashotsk. Cereals and grass steppes prevail in Shirak valley. Meadow steppes are typical for Ashotsk valley. Carbonate fertile lands are typical for Shirak valley. Even slight risings of landscape change the characteristics of fertile lands. Their capacity weakens, humus concentration decreases, mechanical composition becomes lighter. The concentration of humus is 5 % in fertile lands.

Comparatively plain parts of the area are mainly covered with various types of desalinized fertile lands with meadow steppes on them.

Fertile lands that are widely spread in Shirak region are the most fertile lands of the republic. Plain surface, weakly expressed erosion and climatic peculiarities are favorable for cultivation of cereals and a number of other industrial crops.

The Akhuryan River, which is the water source for Shirak canal transports significant amount of suspended sediment. However, the sediment traps at the headwork minimize the sediment entry into the canal system. The small amount of sediments settled in main and secondary canals is mechanically cleaned before the beginning of the vegetation season. WUA's representatives informed the FS Consultant that serious problems with sedimentation have not occurred in the canals.

11 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Social conditions

The proportion of women in the canal reconstruction area is 49.8% of the total population. About 900 households within the reconstruction area live in temporary shelters and caravans since the earthquake of Spitak struck in 1988.

Shirak Marz continues to be the poorest region in Armenia. 37.3 % of population was below the poverty level in 2006, according to data from National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia and insufficient irrigation capacity may contribute to this. As a result, about one third of lands are not irrigated. The population within the Project area is mainly involved in production of vegetables, potatoes, alfalfa, wheat and in cattle breeding.

There are three water users associations in the Shirak irrigation scheme area: "Shirvorogum" WUA, "Aygabats-Vorogum" WUA, and "Achapnyak-Vorogum" WUA. 10,113 water users from 53 communities are members of those WUAs. There are about 6,200 water users from 14 communities located within the canal sections subject to reconstruction.

Some characteristics of the communities benefiting from the Shirak irrigation scheme rehabilitation are shown in the Table below: Total population WUA Female No of households present Shirvorogum WUA 27,009 13,896 6,908 Aygabats-Vorogum WUA 3,283 1,017 1,865 Achapnyak-Vorogum WUA. 12,506 6,413 3,400 Total 42,798 21,326 12,173

4 Environmental and Social Impacts

Only rehabilitation works on existing canals are to be carried out. Due to its rehabilitation nature, the proposed project is not likely to cause significant negative environmental and/or social impacts. Rehabilitation of Shirak irrigation scheme will bring positive changes to delivery of irrigation water, and water users will more easily obtain the required quantity of irrigation water in a timely manner. This should promote both increases in food security and incomes from agriculture, thereby reducing the number of poor population and mitigating out-migration in the area. These outcomes will be especially remarkable in the communities located at the tail-end sections of the irrigation system as their lands will become fully irrigable. Program will be more effective management of irrigation water resources by reducing water losses and controlling the more effective water distribution between the users, as well as adoption of a more efficient on-farm water management practices. Overall positive impacts from the rehabilitation

12 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme effort are long-term and cumulative in their nature, ultimately contributing to the increased social benefits of the communities affected.

Short-term social adverse impacts may occur as a result of dislocation and demolishment, as needed, of private holdings appearing within the alienation zone of the main canal (temporary and permanent structures, trees, etc.) that may hinder the rehabilitation works. It should be noted that private holdings will be compensated according to a participatory process to be developed during preparation of the RAP. The private holdings that are not considered illegal encroachments will be compensated at full replacement cost as required by OP 4.12, and a grievance process will be established to handle cases of disputed compensation and any other grievances that PAPs might have with land and/or assets alienated by the project. It appears though that the canal structures have been integrated into the community over the past 40-50 years without consideration of "alienation zones". It is nevertheless anticipated that this will not affect or hinder the proposed rehabilitation works to be carried out. In accordance with the World Bank's OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, the Project avoids, where feasible, involuntary resettlement and resettlement effects. However, if conduct of construction works is not possible without cleaning of the alienation zone from cultivated plants and/or structures Resettlement Action Plan must be developed in accordance with the Word Bank’s operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). A Resettlement Action Plan will be developed on a basis of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP) prepared under the MCA-Armenia Program.

The likely negative environmental and social impacts of the construction phase are expected to be localized and short-term. As a result of timely and proper implementation of this Environmental Management Plan with practical implementation of mitigation measures presented in Annex A to this report, all identified potential negative impacts can be prevented and minimized. In addition to this, regular monitoring over the civil works, in accordance with the Monitoring Plan, will ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures included in EMP. A possible negative environmental impact of the operation phase may be an increased use of agrochemicals in the areas of the project coverage, provided that with improved access to irrigation, farmers opt to increase volume of high value crops grown in their fields and apply increased amount of pesticides. This will be mitigated by carrying out a public information campaign on the optimal use of pesticides and extending some elements of the integrated pest management (IPM) relevant in the current country context.

5 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

The likely negative environmental and social impacts are expected to be localized and short-term. As a result of timely and proper implementation of this Environmental Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures, which is presented in Annex A to this report, all these potential negative impacts can be prevented and minimized.

13 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

The mitigation measures are proposed for design, construction and operation phases of the rehabilitation of the Shirak irrigation scheme that shall be undertaken by executing agencies to prevent and/ or minimize the likely adverse impacts listed above.

Design phase Environmental mitigation requirements shall be incorporated into final design, technical specifications and bidding documents, to be implemented by the construction contractor to avoid, prevent, minimize, or rehabilitate the potential impacts. The final design documents package shall include a list of approved borrow pits and agreed spoil disposal sites; permits, agreements obtained from the relevant local/regional authorities for use of borrow pits and sites for disposal of wastes as appropriate; list of construction preparation temporary sites such as access roads, construction camps, transport and machinery sites, storage facilities, etc. The final design documents shall also provide, to the extent possible, such technical approaches and solutions to the rehabilitation of separate stretches of the main canals where encroachments of the alienation zone are observed that do not require demolition of temporary and permanent private properties (structures, fences, poles, fruit trees, etc). In case the demolition (including tree cutting) or dislocation of private/state holdings is required for the rehabilitation works, a resettlement action plan (RAP) shall be prepared based on the existing RPF and in agreement with the guiding principles of the WB OP 4.12. Compensation will then be provided to the affected population according to RAP. Construction Phase Measures to prevent and/or minimize the degradation of landscapes and soil erosion, pollution of surface and groundwater resources and soils by construction run-off should be implemented by the contractor during the construction phase. Measures to prevent and/or minimize the degradation of landscapes and soil erosion, pollution of surface and groundwater resources and soils by construction run-off should be implemented by the contractor during the construction phase. This may include, but may not be limited to:  the use of already existing quarries and disposal sites, according to the requirements set in the appropriate permits and agreements obtained at the design phase;  zones of preliminary accumulation of wastes that will cause no damage to the vegetation cover and other components of the environment should be maintained by the contractor;  all vegetative cover should be restored to its original condition;  sites for storage of oil and chemicals should be properly equipped to minimize the risks of polluting soils and waters;  dust and noise from the construction site should be minimized, especially in resident areas, public places, near schools, etc.

If historical and/or cultural monuments or artifacts are unexpectedly found during earthworks, the construction contractors must cease the works and provide relevant information to the State Agency for Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments which, after due consideration of the findings, shall recommend whether the works can be continued or the design must be revised.

14 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Operational Phase During operation it is essential that canal beds be periodically maintained to ensure proper conveyance, to avoid stagnation, to prevent flooding and damages caused by frost. The detailed mitigation measures to be undertaken by the executing agencies are presented in Annex A to this document.

The following enhancement measures are proposed to strengthen the positive impacts expected as a result of rehabilitation of the Shirak irrigation scheme:  Involve the local population in project related activities (e.g. work force during construction phase, etc.)  Increase local water users’ knowledge on more efficient water management through providing training and practice, on-farm water management, higher value agricultural production, etc.  Raise awareness of integrated pest management and sound application of pesticides among water users;  Build capacity of local water users through provision of credits;  Support the institutional strengthening of the water supply and delivery organizations (Water Supply Agencies and Water Users Associations).

6 Institutional Responsibilities, Reporting and Budget

6.1 Institutional Responsibilities

Institutional responsibility for implementation of the proposed mitigation measures will be shared amongst the following agencies:

Executing agencies Executing Agencies are responsible for executing the measures of the EMP. During the design phase, the executing agency, FS/FD Consultant (“Hayjrnakhagits Institute” CJSC) shall ensure that all the necessary permits and agreements (e.g. permits for the disposal of excavated materials, wastes, and demolition debris, etc.) are obtained from relevant state and local authorities before the construction works are tendered out. Executing agencies during construction phase (Construction contractors) shall take the responsibility for physical implementation of mitigation measures provided under the EMP, as well as for obtaining all permits and agreements related to construction activities (e.g. agreement with Historic and Cultural Monuments Protection Agency if any new historical/cultural/archaeological monument or artifacts are unexpectedly found during civil works) in accordance with the WB Environmental Policies and applicable environmental and social legislation of the Republic of Armenia. WUAs will be responsible for conducting awareness campaign among their members on integrated pest management and sound application of pesticides, using printed material and other training aids provided by PIU.

15 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Supervising agencies Supervising Agencies are responsible for supervising the executing agencies to ensure that they execute the mitigation measures as planned. The Construction Supervision Company hired by PIU for daily supervision over the implementation of civil works will be responsible for supervising the timely, proper and reliable implementation of works and measures as provided by the EMP (including oversight over the environmental and social aspects of all activities implemented under the project in order to ensure that mitigation measures are designed and implemented properly to prevent and minimize likely adverse environmental and social impacts). The supervising agencies will also ensure that all necessary agreements and permits are obtained by the appropriate contractors from relevant state and local authorities before the construction works are tendered out. The WB may request to check if such permits are issued and valid (e.g., not expired) as well as if the EMP mitigation and monitoring aspects are implemented on the ground during the canal rehabilitation phases according to the WB Environmental Policies and applicable Armenian environmental and social legislation.

Monitoring agencies Monitoring agencies are in charge of monitoring the extent of implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation and enhancement measures and of adjusting the program if needed. Monitoring agencies will be responsible for covering all measures requiring some sort of monitoring by PIU/WB. The government entities, in particular the Ministry of Nature Protection and its affiliated agencies (State Environmental Inspectorate etc.), the Ministry of Health (State Hygienic Anti- Epidemiologic Inspectorate) and the Ministry of Culture (Historic and Cultural Monuments Protection Agency) may also be involved in the monitoring activities, as a part of their mandate.

6.2 Reporting Format and Schedule The Construction Supervision Company, working in cooperation with the Construction Contractor, will be responsible for reporting to PIU on the implementation of the mitigation measures included in Annex A and according to the monitoring plan presented in Annex B. The Incident Report Form shall be completed and submitted to PIU if any major environmental and social occurrences are observed (such as spills, explosions, etc.). The Incident form is presented in Annex C.

6.3 Budget

The budget for civil works contracts includes costs allocated for implementation of environmental and social mitigation measures. Appropriate mitigation measures to be fulfilled by the construction contractor are presented in Annex A.

The cost of El\1P implementation is estimated at 1.21 % of the cost of the total construction contract.

16 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

7 Public Consultation

According to FS/FD Consultant’s report, 14 communities will be affected in total as a result of rehabilitation of primary canals Shirak irrigation scheme. They are distributed as follows:

Shirak canal: 9 communities (Vahramaberd, Marmashen, Hovuni, Mayisyan, Hatsik, Shirak, Kamo, Karnut, Gyumri;

Distributor canal No. 26: 5 communities (Azaatan, Arevik, Beniamin, Akhuryan, Aygabats).

Only three communities may be negatively impacted by rehabilitation works: Shirak Canal - two communities (Kamo, Karnut); Distributor canal No. 26 - one community (Arevik). The other communities are not close to the area of rehabilitation works. However, those three communities which are exposed to possible adverse impacts in any case will benefit from project implementation like other 11 communities.

Present EMP was disclosed in-country through the web page of MCC and through the administrations of WUAs servicing all of the 14 affected communities. Four communities were selected for public consultations: Kamo and Arevik (possible adverse impact) and Mayisyan and Akhuryan (no adverse impact).

Public consultations were held with above four villages in June, 2011. The consultations involved representatives from WSDII PIU: H. Harutunyan – PIU Irrigation Officer, N. Atayan - Environmental and Social Impact Officer, V. Movsisyan – Institutional Improvements Officer, representatives of Yegvard”, Parpi, Kassakh WUAs, community leaders and water users.

A record was kept of the participants through a signature on an attendance paper. The list of participants is attached in the Minutes of Meetings of Public Consultations.

The consultations aimed at discussing environmental and social issues related to the rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme. The meetings were organized with the presentation and the discussion of the overall description of the activities to be implemented within the scope of the AF IREP Project, the details of the proposed rehabilitation activities, potential negative impacts, envisaged mitigation measures, importance of the project activities for the local people, the expected outcomes and other issues.

17 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Participants of all the communities welcomed the proposed project and due to importance of its expected benefits. The participants asked to implement rehabilitation activities within non-vegetative season in order not to hinder irrigation works.

The importance of the quality of the activities to be implemented in general. They asked to perform all the works of a high quality standard.

The quality of the rehabilitation works was another issue that worried water users. They asked to perform all the works with the highest quality standards to ensure long-term reliable operation of the system. Sometimes people were concerned that contractors may not carry out mitigation measures.

The participants took an interest in finding out all the details about the works, namely, what will be the solutions to reduce leakages and water losses, what measures and activities will be carried out in case of alienation zone encroachments.

Participants were also interested whether local population might be involved in the civil works to ease their social problems. Farming is the only employment for most local people so they will be available for rehabilitation works which will be implemented during off-irrigation season.

The questions presented received exhaustive answers by the PIU representatives, who explained that this Project is also aimed on reduction of poverty in rural regions and improving the social conditions by involvement of local population in construction works implemented in the scope of this Project.

8 Environmentally Sound Clauses for Civil Works Contracts

Most construction phase impacts will be mitigated by including appropriate clauses into the civil works contracts. These clauses are included in Annex E.

9 Main Findings

The rehabilitation of the Shirak Main Canal is aimed at improving the deteriorated stretches of the main canals of the system, which will reduce large water losses within the system and allow reliable irrigation of more lands. This will increase the agricultural production in rural areas of the Republic of Armenia and contribute to increased food security and reduced poverty.

18 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

No new construction will be implemented under the Shirak Main Canal. The project mostly envisages rehabilitation of existing structures, which will have minor, short-term and localized environmental impacts during the construction phase. This EMP elaborates a list of measures (see Annex A) to be undertaken to mitigate likely environmental and social impacts that can occur during the various phases of the Shirak Main Canal rehabilitation – design, construction and further maintenance. The implementation of these measures will be monitored by the appropriate agencies and in accordance with the monitoring plan included in Annex B.

The positive socio-economic and environmental effects of the project outweigh the likely environmental risks associated with its implementation. Accompanied by the training and capacity building program, the rehabilitation of the Shirak Main Canal will ensure greater water use efficiency, leading to increased levels of agricultural productivity, including more water for landholders at the end of the canal delivery system. This can also lead to the adoption of higher value cropping patterns, as well as the extension of irrigated land holdings thereby increasing food security.

19 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Annexes

Annex A: Environmental Management Plan: Mitigation Measures

COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Design Phase

Pollution of water and soil, Obtain appropriate permits and/or agreements for FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design degradation of landscapes as disposal of excavated materials and construction Consultant the FS/FD Consultant a result of improper disposal wastes, use of water resource and water systems, etc. of excavated materials and construction wastes Develop a list and specifications for construction FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design temporary sites such as access roads, construction Consultant the FS/FD Consultant camps, transport and machinery maintenance sites, storage facilities, etc.

Temporary air pollution Develop the traffic management plan on canal service FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design (dust) related to the roads to ensure smooth traffic flow and safety both for Consultant the FS/FD Consultant transportation of workers, local traffic and population construction materials and truck traffic

Landscape degradation and Develop measures to strengthen the steep slopes with FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design soil erosion vegetation, grass and plants or gabions. Consider the Consultant the FS/FD Consultant use of plant species characteristic for the landscape in the course of restoration of the vegetation cover.

20 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Develop efficient methods for disposal or backfilling FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design of extracted soils. Sites without vegetative cover and Consultant the FS/FD Consultant within the alienation zone or specifically designated by local areas shall be used for storing the excavated soils.

Temporary or permanent Develop such technical approaches and solutions to FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design taking of property or the construction of the system, which, to the extent Consultant the FS/FD Consultant productive assets, including possible, allow implementation of construction works peoples’ access to such without demolition and dislocation of private and assets that appear within community properties. Any taking of property, the alienation zone that permanent or temporary, will be in compliance with hinder construction works WB OP4.12, the RPF and a RAP.

If dislocation and/or demolition or temporary or FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design permanent use of the assets is required for Consultant the FS/FD Consultant implementation of the works, the compensation shall be envisaged for the affected people in compliance with WB OP4.12, the RPF and a RAP.

Servitudes must be ensured for the temporary and FS/FD PIU Part of the contract with During design, before permanent use of community and private lands (if Consultant the FS/FD Consultant construction works applicable). start

21 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Construction Phase

Pollution of water and soil, Removal of old cement linings and accumulated silt. Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction degradation of landscapes as a Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works result of improper disposal of Supervisor excavated materials and Maintain zones of preliminary accumulation of wastes Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction construction wastes that will cause no damage to the vegetation cover and Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works other components of the environment. Supervisor

Arrange transport and disposal of wastes according to Construction PIU through Part of the contract with After obtaining of the established traffic management plan, procedure Contractor Construction Construction Contractor permit, during and in the approved dump sites designated for the Supervisor construction works specific purpose.

Maintain appropriate operating rules for the camps in Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction identified suitable sites, including safe handling of Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works control of access, adequate drainage, etc. Supervisor

Spillage of oil or toxic Implement the measures to control spillage of toxic Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction substances substances that will be included in construction contracts, Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works including: guidelines for the proper storage and sitting of Supervisor hazardous material such as oil, grease, fuel, asphalt, or ignitable and corrosive materials; lubricants will be collected in clearly marked containers and reused if possible, or disposed of at properly regulated offsite locations; water samples will be taken and tested for oil when there is a risk of spills or leakages to canal waters, surface waters, or groundwater.

22 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Temporary air pollution Use closed/covered trucks for transportation of Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction (dust) related to the construction materials and wastes. Depending on Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works transportation of season, wash truck tires as appropriate at the specially Supervisor construction materials and designed car washing sites to control tracking mud and truck traffic noise and dust onto paved roads. vibration disturbances Clean the surrounding area from dust by water sprinkling Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction (except in Winter), remove excess materials and clean the Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works sites upon completion of activities Supervisor

Provide workers that deal with hazardous materials or Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction exposed to dust with necessary protection gear, and Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works follow applicable regulations and procedures as Supervisor established by GoA authorities.

Terminate the works at the established time (e.g. work Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction in daylight time) and avoid increase of noise and Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works number of peak hours. Consult with local authorities Supervisor

Impacts on safety of Workers during cement pouring and while using Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction personnel heavy equipment shall have and use safety equipment. Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works Supervisor

Impacts on historic-cultural Cease the works as soon as historical and cultural Construction PIU through GoA funding if urgent During construction monuments or artifacts monuments or artifacts are encountered and Contractor Construction excavations are required works immediately provide relevant information to the State Supervisor Agency for Historical and Cultural Monuments Protection

23 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Landscape degradation and Arable land shall not be used as earth borrowing. If Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction soil erosion unavoidable the topsoil (about 30 cm) shall be Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works removed, kept at specifically designated sites and Supervisor refilled.

Dump excavated soils and substances only within the Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction areas designated for that purpose. Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works Supervisor

Restore landscape to quasi-original vegetation cover Construction PIU through Part of the contract with During construction after completion of rehabilitation works. Contractor Construction Construction Contractor works Supervisor

Temporary or permanent If it is required to develop and implement the GoA through PIU GoA funding Before construction taking of property or Resettlement Action Plan, and/or obtain servitude, the relevant entity works start in the productive assets, including construction works will start after the compensations are particular section peoples’ access to such assets, paid to the project affected persons (PAPs) and servitudes (including tree cutting) that acquired. These must be guided by the Armenian appear within the alienation legislation and WB guidelines. zone that hinder construction works

If demolition and/or dislocation is required, the project GoA through PIU GoA funding Before construction affected persons will be compensated in accordance with relevant entity works start in the WB OP4.12 before the construction starts. particular section

24 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme COST POTENTIAL NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION OR EXECUTING SUPERVISING TIMING IMPACT MONITORING MEASURES AGENCY AGENCY (To be quantified where possible)

Operation Phase

Hydrological issues of Maintain the water conduit and hydro-technical structures WSA, WUA SCWS Regular Operation and During operation flooding, low flow and water to minimize the risk for water stagnation and accidents. Maintenance cost stagnation Operate the water intakes in such a way that the water WSA, WUA SCWS Regular Operation and During operation withdrawal is properly controlled to avoid withdrawing Maintenance cost more water than allowed.

Maintain the canal beds and hydraulic structures to avoid WSA, WUA SCWS Regular Operation and During operation water stagnation. Maintenance cost

Regularly clean slit from the canals bed and dispose the WSA, WUA SCWS Regular Operation and During operation removed slit in the approved waste disposal sites. The Maintenance cost removed slit can be also applied in the farm-fields as a fertilizer.

Negative impact on human Conduct of public awareness campaign and extension of PIU through SCWS Included in the project Although this impact is and environmental health as a applicable IPM technologies to water users pest procurement plan as expected during result of increased use of management procurement of operation, the mitigation pesticides in the areas with consultant, consulting services measure is proactive and improved irrigation WSA, WUA will be applied during operation

Siltation in canals Training of WSA staff on proper operation and PIU/WSA SCWS Regular operation and During operation maintenance maintenance

25 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Annex B: Monitoring Plan This monitoring plan will be used to determine compliance with the Environmental Management Plan (Annex A).

Phase What parameter is to be Where is the parameter to How is the parameter to be When is the parameter to be Cost Reporting Agency monitored? be monitored? monitored?/ type of monitored? (frequency of monitoring equipment measurement or continuous) Material borrows and dumps At the design consultant Perspective borrows and During the design Minimal additional PIU dumps identified design cost Design Road accessibility to the At the design consultant Inspection During the design Minimal additional PIU structures design cost

Soil erosion In new cutting areas and Inspections at site and During and after Minimal additional PIU through slopes soils mechanical construction work, when construction cost Construction Construction information deemed necessary Supervisor

Water pollution In water bodies Inspection During construction Minimal additional PIU through works construction cost Construction Supervisor

Air pollution/dust At working site Visual inspection During earth works, when Minimal additional PIU through deemed necessary construction cost Construction Supervisor

Noise At working site Inspection of During earth works and Minimal additional PIU through blast, when deemed construction cost Construction noise levels (dB) necessary and on Supervisor complaint

Conservation of vegetation At working site Inspection When cutting and Minimal additional PIU through resources restoring used areas construction cost Construction Supervisor

26 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme Phase What parameter is to be Where is the parameter to How is the parameter to be When is the parameter to be Cost Reporting Agency monitored? be monitored? monitored?/ type of monitored? (frequency of monitoring equipment measurement or continuous) Staff safety At work site Inspection Unannounced inspections Minimal additional PIU through during work construction cost Construction (protective equipment) Supervisor

Overall workers’ camp site On the camp site during Inspection According to the existing Minimal additional PIU through conditions construction activities regulations construction cost Construction Supervisor

Conduct of campaign for WUA offices and water Inspection After formal launch of the Minimal additional PIU rising awareness of IPM and user communities campaign cost to operational sound use of pesticides Survey budget of PIU

Maintenance of irrigation On site Inspection Continuous – full scale Routine operation WSA, WUA delivery system desiltation required yearly and maintenance Operation cost

Maintenance of irrigation On site Inspection When needed Routine operation WSA, WUA off-takes and other and maintenance structures cost

27 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Annex C: Incident Report Form

REHABILITATION OF PRIMARY CANALS OF SHIRAK IRRIGATION SCHEME

1 Date:

2 Canal Section:

3 Location:

4 Construction Contractor:

5 Marz (Region):

6 Water Supply Agency/WUA

7 Incident Type:

8 Severity: High Medium Low 10 Reported By:

11 Description of Incident Root Cause:

12 Corrective Action Taken:

13 Corrective Action to be Taken:

14 Action Taken to Prevent Recurrence:

15 Corrective Action Carried Out By:

16 Close Out By:

17 Close Out Date:

18 Person Involved:

19 Machine Involved:

20 Contractor/Sub Contractor Involved:

21 Third Party Involvement:

22 Photo Reference – Attached: The photos with appropriate descriptions should be presented as an Attachment to the Incident Report

For PIU use only Date

Received by:

Decision/Action made:

28 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Annex D: Check List of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

Project Name/location: Shirak Irrigation Scheme Assessment: 1st

Assessor’s name/position: CS Team Date(s) of Assessment: July 2008

Comments

N/A = Environmental effect is Not Applicable in this case

For each environmental effect place a cross (X) in one or two of the For detailed explanation refer to the correspondingly numbered sections

columns following this table

No impact likely No impact impact Negative possible impact Negative likely No judgement present possible at

Positive impact likely Positive impact Positive impact possible A B C D E F

1-1 Low flow regime X 1-2 Flood regime X 1-3 Operation of dams X N/A

1-4 Fall of water table X Hydrology 1-5 Rise of water table X

2-1 Solute dispersion X

2-2 Toxic substances X 2-3 Organic pollution X

Pollution 2-4 Anaerobic effects X N/A 2-5 Gas emissions X 3-1 Soil salinity X

3-2 Soil properties X 3-3 Saline groundwater X Soils 3-4 Saline drainage X 3-5 Saline intrusion X 4-1 Local erosion X 4-2 Hinterland effect X 4-3 River morphology X N/A 4-4 Channel regime X

Sediments 4-5 Sedimentation X 4-6 Estuary erosion X N/A 5-1 Project lands X X Positive and negative impacts possible 5-2 Water bodies X

5-3 Surrounding area X Positive and negative impacts possible. 5-4 Valleys & shores X N/A 5-5 Wetlands & plains X N/A Ecology 5-6 Rare species X 5-7 Animal migration X 5-8 Natural industry X 6-1 Population change X 6-2 Income & amenity X

6-3 Human migration X 6-4 Resettlement X See below.

6-5 Women’s role X economic - 6-6 Minority groups X 6-7 Sites of value X Socio 6-8 Regional effects X 6-9 User involvement X 6-10 Recreation X 7-1 Water & sanitation X 7-2 Habitation X 7-3 Health services X 7-4 Nutrition X 7-5 Relocation effect X

Health 7-6 Disease ecology X 7-7 Disease hosts X 7-8 Disease control X 7-9 Other hazards X

8-1 Pests & weeds X 8-2 Animal diseases X 8-3 Aquatic weeds X 8-4 Structural damage X Imbalances 8-5 Animal imbalances X Number of crosses 6 4 34 5 3 3 Total possible = 53 (Unless positive & negative impacts)

29 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

The Checklist of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

1. Hydrological changes

1.1 Low flow regime

Is the flow regime of the river substantially changed by the Project and its dams (by more than +/- 20% in low flow periods)? If so, does this change benefit or impair aquatic ecosystems, existing or potential downstream abstractions, hydropower, navigation or recreational uses?

Reconstruction of the primary canals will significantly improve the overall efficiency of the Shirak Main Canal, consisting of a 18.5 km long Main Canal, 23.1 km long Akhuryan Right- Side Canal and 25.8 km long B-26 Distribution Canal. The water source of Shirak Main Canal is the Akhuryan River. Its water intake point is located 137 km far from the estuary of the Akhuryan River. The mean annual flow of the Akhuryan River is 360 millions m3 according to the 50-year-old observations of RA’s Hydro-Metereological Department. The minimum flows are observed during January-February and August-December months that in average make up 2.93 m3/sec in the estuary. During drought years, additional releases from the Arpi Lake Reservoir will be used to cover deficits of the Shirak Main Canal. The amount of water required for downstream flows is included in the water balance computations made in the FS/FD report. All the intake and headwork structures are in good technical shape and make possible precise control of the water regime.

1.2 Flood regime

Is the flood regime of the river (peak discharge and stage, speed of flood waves, flood super- position with joining rivers, duration or extent of floodplain inundations downstream) substantially changed by the Project as a result of changes in abstractions, retention storage, reservoir releases, flood protection works, new road/rail routs, river training or surface drainage works? If so, does this change benefit or impair aquatic and flood-affected ecosystems, lead to an increase or decrease in flood damage or change land use restrictions outside the Project?

There will be no impact on the flood regime of the source waters, i.e. the Akhuryan River. The headwork structures effectively control the water regime in the canals. Therefore there is no risk of exceeding the allowed water level in the canals. The only danger is that of potential failure of a flow control structure at any point in the system, which can lead to flooding of the nearby area. Regular maintenance and monitoring by WUA’s should prevent this problem.

1.3 Operation of dams

Can modifications to the operation of any storage or flood retention reservoir(s) compensate for any adverse impacts associated with changes in flow regime, whiles minimizing the losses to the Project and other users?

Possible modifications affecting water quality downstream, saline intrusion, the sediment regime of channels, the ecology of affected areas, amenity values, disease transmission or aquatic weed growth should be considered (A separate environmental assessment of large reservoir(s) may be required.)

30 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Not applicable – except as noted in 1.1 regarding low-flow operation of Akhuryan Reservoir

1.4 Fall of water table

Does the Project cause a fall of the water table (from groundwater abstractions, reduced infiltration due to river training, drainage or flood protection works)? If so, does this fall lead to increased potential for groundwater recharge (from seasonal rainfall) and improved conditions for land use; or lead to depletion of the groundwater system, affecting wells, springs, river flows and wetlands?

The FS/FD Report states that groundwater levels are at around 50 – 60 m depth, which is below the bottom line of the canals. Thus the canals will not drain groundwater.

1.5 Rise of water table

Does the Project cause a rise of the water table (from increased infiltration or seepage from irrigation, seepage from reservoirs and canals, or increased floodplain inundation)? If so, does this rise lead to improved yield of wells and springs and improved capillary rise into the root zone; or lead to water logging of agricultural or other land in the Project area or vicinity?

Judging from a site visit along the canals during the high water season (July), the project is very unlikely to result in flooding or water logging of agricultural land. The objective of the current project is to improve the physical condition of the canals, reducing leakage and ex-filtration. However, high groundwater tables are observed in some areas of Shirak lowland. A drainage network has been installed to decrease the high groundwater levels.

2. Organic and inorganic pollution

2.1 Solute dispersion

Are the Project and its dams leading to changes in the concentrations of organic or inorganic solutes in the surface water due to changes to the pattern of water abstraction and reuse in the basin or flow regulation? If so, do the changes benefit or impair biological communities or domestic, agricultural or industrial water users in the basin?

The project will not cause changes to the pattern of water abstraction flow regulation.

2.2 Toxic substances

Are significant levels of toxic substance accumulating or being introduced, mobilized and transmitted due to the construction and operation of the Project and its dams, or are levels being reduced? Substances such as pesticides, herbicides, hydrogen sulphide, oil derivatives, boron, selenium and heavy metals in irrigation supplies or surface, draining and ground waters should be considered.

Increased or increasingly intensive cultivation of irrigated lands may lead to increased use of pesticides. Safe use of pesticides is addressed in farmer training under the WTM program.

Measures to control spillage of oil or toxic substances will be included in construction contracts, including: guidelines for the proper storage and siting of hazardous material such as oil, grease,

31 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme fuel, asphalt, or ignitable and corrosive materials; lubricants will be collected in clearly marked containers and reused if possible, or disposed of at properly regulated offsite locations; water samples will be taken and tested for oil when there is a risk of spills or leakages to canal waters, surface waters, or groundwater.

2.3 Organic Pollution

Are nutrients, organic compounds and pathogens being reduced or introduced and concentrated, due to the Project, its dams and its associated domestic settlements? If so, does the change result in a reduction or increase in environmental and water use problems in the Project area or downstream (in rivers, canals, reservoirs, and lakes, evaporation wet lands, depressions, deltas, estuary regions) or in the groundwater?

At several points where livestock pens or dwellings are adjacent to a canal’s alienation zone, wastewater drains into the canal. Proper maintenance and monitoring of the canals and their alienation zones should significantly reduce these current sources. While such organic loads are unlikely to be a problem for agricultural usage, the canals are also used occasionally by local people for bathing, swimming, or consumption. In addition, this may also cause a spread of animal diseases, having an indirect negative impact on human health.

Increased or increasingly intensive cultivation of irrigated lands may lead to increased use of fertilizers. But fertilizer use is currently at very modest levels and, given the rising cost of fossil fuel inputs, is unlikely to increase significantly.

2.4 Anaerobic effects

Is the Project reducing or creating anaerobic conditions or eutrophication in any impoundments, natural lakes, pools or wetlands due to changed input or accumulation of fertilizers, other nutrients and organic matter or due to changed water quality resulting from dams, river abstractions and drainage flows?

No.

2.5 Gas Emissions

Is the Project, either directly of through associated industrial processing, causing decreased or increased gas emissions which contribute to air pollution (O3, SO3, H2S, NOx, NH4, etc) or the greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4, NOx, etc)?

Insofar as increased irrigation increases fodder supplies or through improved income generation stimulates production of cattle and sheep, emissions of methane would increase accordingly. These amounts would be very modest in the context of Armenia’s total livestock production.

3. Soil Properties and salinity effects

3.1 Soil salinity

Is the Project leading to progressive accumulation of salts in the soils of the project area or the vicinity because of prevailing high salt content in the soil, the groundwater, or the surface water; or can a progressive leaching effect be expected?

32 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

The FS/FD Report states that no salinized soils exist in the proposed area.

3.2 Soil properties

Is the Project leading to changes in soil characteristics within the Project area or the vicinity due to such activities as irrigation, the application of fertilizers or other chemicals, cultivation practices or dewatering through drainage? Changes which can improve or impair soil structure, workability, permeability, fertility association with nutrient changes, humus content, pH, acid sulphate or hard pan formation or available water capacity should be considered.

The canals will supply water for irrigated cultivation of high-value crops. Maintenance of irrigation norms, use of proper watering methods and appropriate coordination of agro technical measures should improve soil quality and structure. The fine sediments extracted from the canal during annual maintenance could be used to benefit soils in nearby fields.

3.3 Saline groundwater

Are changes to the rates of seepage, percolation or leaching from the Project and its dams increasing or decreasing the concentrations of chlorides, nitrates or other salts in the groundwater?

There is no report or evidence of saline groundwater in the Shirak project area.

3.4 Saline drainage

Are changes to the concentrations of chlorides, nitrates or other salts in the runoff or drainage water from the Project area in danger of affecting biological communiities or existing or potential downstream users (particulalry during low flow conditions)?

There are no reports of saline runoff.

3.5 Saline Intrusion

Are the Project and its dams leading to changes in saline water (sea water) intrusion into the estuary or into groundwater due ot changes in low flow, groundwater use, dredging or river training? If so, are the changes likely to affect biological communities and water users in the Project vicinity and other areas?

No.

4. Erosion and sedimentation

4.1 Local erosion

Is increased or decreased soil loss or gully erosion being caused within or close to the Project area by changes in land gradient and vegetative cover, by irrigation and cultivation practice, from banks of canals, roads and dams, from areas of cut and fill or due to storm drainage provision?

Signs neither of land nor of canal erosion have been observed in the project area.

33 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

The Akhuryan River, which is the water source for Shirak canal transports significant amounts of suspended sediment. However, the sediment traps at the headwork minimize the sediment entry into the canal system. The small amount of sediments settled in main and secondary canals is mechanically cleaned before the beginning of the vegetation season. A WUA representative informed the Consultant that serious problems with sedimentation have not occurred in the canals.

Good construction practices during the rehabilitation should be practiced for both the canals and access roads. Maintenance of the canals should include regular clearing of sediments, which should either be applied to cultivated fields or removed to a landfill.

4.2 Hinterland effect

Are the Project and its dams leading to changes in natural vegetation, land productivity and erosion through changes in population density, animal husbandry, dryland farming practices, forest cover, soil conservation measures, in the region?

In previously irrigated and in newly irrigated areas, higher value crops will be cultivated. As farmers prosper because of successful cultivation of irrigated crops, they may expand their cultivation of currently un-irrigated areas, e.g. by raising more livestock. Good agricultural and husbandry practices should be applied.

4.3 River morphology

Is the regime of the river(s) changed by the Project and its dams through changes in the quantity or seasonal distribution of flows and flood peaks in the river(s), the abstraction of clear water, changes in sediment yield (caused by 4.1 and 4.2), the trapping of sediments in reservoirs or the flushing of sediment control structures? If so, do these changes benefit or impair aquatic ecosystems or existing or potential users downstream?

No.

4.4 Channel structures

Is scouring, aggradation, or bank erosion in the river(s),endangering the Project’s river headworks, offtake structures, weir or pump inlets, its canal network, draininge or flood protection works, the free flow of its drainage system or structures and dvelopments downstream? Consider effects associated with changes noted in 4.3 as well as those causesd by other existing and planned upstream developments.

The canal network is the target beneficiary of this component.

4.5 Sedimentation

Are the changes noted in 4.1 – 4.4 causing increased or decreased sediment deposition in irrigagtion or drainage canals, hydraulic structures, storage reservoirs or on cultivated land, either via the irrigation systgems or the river(s)?If so, do these changes benefit or impair soil fertility, Project operation, land cultivation or the capacity and operation of reservoirs?

The FS/FD Consultant reports that the amount of sediments accumulated in main and secondary canals is within the norms. However, regular cleaning of the canal beds is necessary and the sediments can be spread over agricultural land as fertilizer.

34 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

4.6 Estuary erosion

Are the Project and its dams leading to changes in the hydrological or sedment regimes of the river which can affect delta formation or estuary and coastal erorsion? If so, do these changes benefit or impair aquatic ecosystems (estuarine or marine), local habitation, navigaiton or other uses of the estuary?

No.

5. Biological and ecological changes

Is the Project, its dams or its associated infrastructure causing substantial and permanent changes (positive or negative) within the habitats listed in 5.1 – 5.5?

• natural ecology (habitat, vegetation, terrestrial animals, birds, fish and other aquatic animals and plants), • areas of special scientific interest • biological diversity

Include the likely ecological benefit of any new or modified habitats created and of any protective or mitigation measures adopted (such as nature reserves and compensatory forests).

5.1 Project lands

No significant changes are anticipated in the habitats or wildlife populations of the canals and their alienation zones.

5.2 Water bodies

Aside from the canals themselves, the source rivers and tributaries and isolated, mostly seasonal, ponds, there are no other significant water bodies within the Shirak project area.

5.3 Surrounding area

The FS/FD Report estimates that the increased water availability through the rehabilitated canals will allow an additional 1,059 ha to come under irrigation. Neither the FS/FD nor our own field investigations have examined the targeted expansion area sites. It is assumed that these will be similar in nature to those already under irrigated cultivation.

5.4 Valleys & shores

River and canal banks, lake, reservoir and sea shores and the offshore marine environment.

Not applicable.

5.5 Wetlands & plains

Floodplains or permanent wetlands including deltas and coastal swamps.

35 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Not applicable.

5.6 Rare species

Is the existence of any rare, endangered or protected species in the region enhanced or threatened by the changes noted in 5.1-5.5?

The Shirak Main Canal was constructed in 1925-1929. Although there are several species of rare plants and animals in the general area (Shirak Valley), there is no indication that current and anticipated irrigation activities would affect them.

5.7 Animal migration

Does the Project, its dams or new road/rail routes affect the migration patters of wild animals, birds or fish? Make allowance for the compensatory effect of any additional provision within the Project (canal crossings, fish passes, spawning locations, resting or watering places, shade, considerate operation).

The FS/FD Report does not mention fish or fish management, but during final design and maintenance, it should be ensured that effective fish screens are in place at the off take points on the Akhuryan river.

5.8 Natural industry

Are commercial or subsistence activities depending on the natural terrestrial and aquatic environment benefited or adversely affected by the Project through ecological changes or changes in human access? Changes affecting such activities as fisheries, harvesting from natural vegetation, timber, game hunting or viewing and honey production should be considered.

Expanded cultivation of lands will increase bee habitat and potential honey production. Increased horticulture will also yield wood for fuel.

6 Socio-Economic impacts

6.1 Population change

Is the Project causing significant demographic changes in the Project area or vicinity which may affect social harmony?

Changes in population size/density and demographic/ethnic composition should be considered.

Compared with farmer discussions in other areas of Armenia, there was no indication that there will be any significant demographic changes in the Project area. In fact most farmers noted the number of years that they had been in the area, and their intention to stay. The socio-economic situation now appears more stable than three to four years ago, with less outflow of population. However, like elsewhere in rural areas of Armenia, some of the young people are seeking opportunities off the farms.

36 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

6.2 Income and amenity

Is the Project introducing significant economic/political changes which can increase or decrease social harmony and individual well-being? Changes in the general levels of employment and income, in the provisions of local infrastructure and amenities, in the relative distribution of income, property values and Project benefits (including access to irrigation water) and in the demand for labor and skills (particularly in relation to family/political hierarchy and different sexes and social groups) should be considered.

Farmers are aware of the proposed project, and expect to benefit from it. Many are indirect beneficiaries from the rehabilitation work on irrigation canals provided by the World Bank. Nevertheless, increased levels of irrigation water or more reliable delivery is not considered a critical economic variable. The increased cost of agricultural inputs, including fertilizer, pesticides, land taxes, water charges and the cost of petrol are causing economic distress to small farmers. In effect, they are saying that in spite of their best efforts, that at the end of the day, “they have no income.” They noted that each year it becomes “more and more difficult to make money from farming.”

6.3 Human migration

Has adequate provision been made for any temporary or migratory population influx to avoid social deprivation, hardship or conflicts within these groups or between the permanent and temporary groups? Human migration arising both from the demand for skills/labor during construction and from the requirements for seasonal agricultural labor should be considered.

No human migration into or out of the area is anticipated as a consequence of project activities.

6.4 Resettlement

Has adequate provision been made for the resettlement, livelihood and integration of any people displaced by the Project and its dams or losing land, grazing or other means of income due to the Project? Also, has adequate provision been made for the subsistence farming needs of people settled on or associated with the Project?

No resettlement or resettlement effects are anticipated under the project. Encroachments of the alienation zone that were observed and may require mitigation are included below and reflected in the Mitigation Measures Table in Annex A. Akhuryan Right-Side Canal

6.5 Women’s role

Does the Project change the status and role of women (positively or negatively) in relation to social standing, work load, access to income and heritage and marital rights?

In view of the nature of the proposed works (rehabilitation of sections of an already existing main irrigation canal), no impact is expected on the status of women and role of women.

6.6 Minority groups Are the Project and its dams causing changes to the lifestyle, livelihoods or habitation of any social groups (particularly minority groups) leading to major conflicts with, or changes to their traditional behavior, social organization or cultural and religious practices?

37 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

In view of the nature of the proposed works (rehabilitation of sections of an existing main irrigation canal), no impact is expected on minority groups.

6.7 Sites of Value

Is access improved or hampered to places of aesthetic and scenic beauty, sites of historical and religious significance or mineral and palaeontological resources? Also, are any such sites being destroyed by the Project?

In view of the nature of the proposed works and the existence of designated service areas (“alienation zones”) along the canals that will be utilized for these works, no impact is expected as there are no known sites of value within the restricted area of the canal.

6.8 Regional Effects

Are the economic, infrastructural, social and demographic changes associated with the Project likely to enhance, restrict or lead to unbalanced regional development? Also, has adequate provision been made for new transport, marketing and processing needs associated with the Project?

Increased efficiency and utilization of irrigation facilities should lead to higher levels of farm productivity. Minor positive regional impacts are expected, principally comprising a greater level of farm production available in local and regional markets. Farmers noted that the source of farm inputs such as fertilizer is from Georgia, and that prices are becoming prohibitive for small farmers.

As a consequence there may be some shift from crops to livestock to adjust to significant price fluctuations in the sector.

6.9 User Involvement

Has there been adequate user and public participation in project planning, implementation and operation to ensure Project success and reduce future conflicts? The potential for incorporating within the Project existing systems of land tenure, traditional irrigation, and existing organizational and sociological structures and for the provision fo new or extended facilities for credit, marketing, agricultural extension and training should be considered.

Farm participants almost universally noted that the local administrator for water use and control, including the WUA heads, were either non-responsive or unaware of their problems. Farmers said this was not so important, because most of the farmers had been there for 20 years or more and already “know their land and what to do with it.”

6.10 Recreation

Are the Project and its dams creating new recreational possibilities (fishing, hunting, sailing, canoeing, swimming, scenic walks, etc) and are existing facilities impaired, preserved or improved?

The proposed project activities will have no impact on recreational activities in the area.

38 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

7. Health

Consider each of the items 7.1-7.9 in relation to the local population, the labor force during construction and their camp followers, the resettled and newly resettled populations and migratory labor groups.

The rehabilitation study of the Shirak Main Canal proposes to improve several sections of the canal to increase the efficiency of the system as a whole. These rehabilitation works are not assumed to have any negative or positive immediate health effect on the population in its vicinity, apart perhaps during the period of actual construction work when increased vehicular movement may be causing some disturbance and additional emissions in the area. These potential and temporary effects are duly described in the EMP to reduce those temporary effects to the extent possible and desirable.

In the longer term it is assumed that increased production and income resulting from the project should contribute to the local population’s health.

8. Ecological Imbalances

8.1 Pests & weeds:

Are crop pests or weeds likely to increase or decrease (particularly those favoured by irrigation/drainage/flood control) affecting yields, cultivation and requirements for pesticides or herbicides?

According to enquiries, the canal system cannot affect the growth or reduction of crop weeds and pests. Some increase in weeds and pests may be expected as irrigated agriculture expands, but overall, the improved efficiency and reliability of the system should enable farmers to manage their cropped fields more effectively. Fertilizer and pesticide use, even in currently irrigated areas, is at a low level. Rising costs of these imported inputs will inhibit any significant increase in their use, and there appears to be a trend toward increased shift from crops to livestock.

8.2 Animal diseases:

Are domestic animals in the Project or vicinity more or less exposed to hazard diseases and parasites as a result of the Project and its dams?

No.

8.3 Aquatic weeds

Are reservoirs, rivers or irrigation and drainage canals likely to support aquatic vegetation or algae? If so, can these plants be harvested or controlled, or will they reduce the storage/conveyance capacity, interfere with the operation of hydraulic structures or lead to oxygen-oversaturated or anaerobic water bodies?

Rehabilitation of the canal system will reduce further what is already – except in a few currently neglected spots – a low incidence of aquatic weeds in the Shirak Main Canal system.

39 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

8.4 Structural damage:

Is there a danger of significant damage being caused to dams, embankments, canal banks or other? components of the irrigation/drainage/flood control works through the action of plants and animals (including rodents and termites) favored by the Project?

The rehabilitation works, if properly constructed and maintained, will eliminate current damages, and prevent potential structural damage in the future.

8.5 Animal imbalances

Does the Project cause zoological imbalances (insects, rodents, birds and other wild animals) through habitat modification, additional food supply and shelter, extermination of predators, reduced competition or increased diseases?

No. Any negative changes would be marginal, and should be largely prevented or offset by improved water and agricultural management.

40 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Annex E: Environmental Clauses for Contracts

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides general and specific guidance on protection and mitigation of potential environmental damage. The EMP is attached to these Technical Specifications, and shall be considered as binding on the Contractor. All necessary measures on protection of environment shall be carried out by the Contractor in accordance with the order of competent authorities, the EMP, and instructions of the Engineer.

1. Obligations of the Contractor

The general environmental and social obligations of the Contractor within this Contract, without prejudice to other official provisions in force, include the following:

 The Contractor shall respect the environmental regulatory provisions in force in the Republic of Armenia (including those announced during the execution of the works if imposed by the Engineer), the contractual provisions of this Contract as well as the conditions fixed by the various required authorizations or approvals;

 The Contractor shall fully assume responsibility for the consequences of his choices and actions; in particular, and without prejudice to the regulatory provisions in force, he guarantees, if necessary, the repair at his cost and according to the most appropriate technologies and deadlines, notably with regard to the level of sensitivity of the site concerned, of damage caused to the environment and residents by failure to respect regulatory and/or administrative provisions and/or the applicable technical specifications, as well as the payment of fines, damages or other penalties which may be incumbent upon him;

 Contractor shall agree with the Engineer the technical approaches and solutions to the rehabilitation of stretches of the Main Canal where encroachments of the alienation zone are observed. Preference should be given to the technical solutions that do not require taking or demolition of temporary and permanent private properties. In case the taking or demolition of property cannot be avoided the Contractor shall notify the Engineer and ESIO and cease the works in that particular section of the Main Canal. Construction activities may only proceed with approval of the Engineer.

 The Contractor shall take all measures to ensure the environmental quality of operations which are the subject of this contract, and not disrupt the quality of life of the adjacent villages, in particular by applying the applicable specifications and provisions. The Contractor shall consider the execution of works or the implementation of environmental and social provisions as an integral part of the operations relating to the general construction program of the works; and

 Appropriate information and training for Contractor personnel, including management staff, with regard to the security and/or quality of operations;

 The Contractor shall inform the local authorities (village mayor, council of elders) and the affected population on planned construction activities, sites and schedule at least 2 weeks in advance of any planned construction activities;

41 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

 The Contractor shall hold information meetings at least 2 weeks before entering any village area for planned construction activities, to inform the villagers of the nature of the forthcoming works, their duration, and all effects such as dust, smoke, or noise that will be felt in the village, whether such effects are to be mitigated or not;

 The Contractor shall refrain from destroying, removing or clearing trees, timber, scrub, crops and other flora to any extent greater than is approved by the Engineer as being necessary for the execution of this Contract and shall take such measures as may be necessary to prevent his employees from hunting, disturbing, capturing or destroying stock, crops and such flora as may be protected by relevant statutes;

 Borrow pits or other similar excavations as well as waste accumulation and disposal sites shall be in locations approved by the Engineer;

 Controlling pollution, noise and nuisances generated by the works;

 The re-use of materials available on the existing site each time the technical and financial conditions allow for this in a satisfactory manner from the point of view of the Engineer. Recycling and reuse of wastes (e.g. lubricants, plastic bottles, paper) is encouraged where appropriate. Strictly banning the use of fire for clearing and grubbing and cleaning sites, except for the treatment of organic waste as approved by the Engineer;

 The maximum preservation of natural resources and the minimization of the use of space, soil and vegetation, in particular by the minimizing of cleared and stripped surfaces, by the passage of blades at a high level (5 cm above the natural ground level) each time that a simple clearing or a provisional storage of material is required, by controlling logging, including any tree alignments, by the appropriate management of the topsoil, by driving and working the machines perpendicular to the slope, by the maintenance on the sites of naturally grassed areas, and by the control of site erosion;

 As appropriate the systematic stripping of topsoil of all work sites unless (with prior consent of the Engineer) the soil structure of the surface, predominantly organic matter ("topsoil" or mud), does not exist or has a thickness less than the working height adjustment of the blade of the excavator or machine used, taking into account the state of the terrain (eroded soil, gravel, soil with rocks that prevent the passage of the machine, etc.);

 The Contractor shall respect, for the whole of his site (including borrow sites and disposal areas, quarries and installations) the zones, areas, elements and periods which are environmentally sensitive, including, but not limited to locations and areas identified in the EMP. In the project areas adjacent to specially protected areas, machinery shall not go beyond the alienation zone; there shall be no waste accumulations and waste disposal sites in the same areas; and there shall be no use and storage of explosives and toxic and chemical substances;

 Any discharge or disposal of used water, mud, grout, bituminous products, pollutants of any kind, etc. into wells, boreholes, surface water or groundwater, water courses, natural streams, drains, ditches, etc. is strictly forbidden;

 It is forbidden to create a dam or alter a permanent or temporary watercourse for the requirements of the site (unless otherwise specified in the Design), without authorisation of the Engineer;

42 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

 All construction vehicles shall travel at slow speed (as specified in Armenian legislation) within 100 m on either side of any areas around villages where children are present;

 The control of health risks relating to the works and personnel of the Contractor, in particular the adoption of minimum hygiene rules at the work sites and camps and for the benefit of residents, the control of dust emissions in populated areas and the control of stagnant waters as specified in the EMP;

 Contractor shall exercise every reasonable precaution to protect from injury persons or property. The Contractor shall erect and maintain all necessary temporary fencing, barricades, barriers, signs and lights and provide fire alarm, fire extinguishing and fire fighting services at strategic points on the Site. The Contractor shall also be responsible for erecting and maintaining structures for storage and containment of hazardous materials or liquids. The Contractor shall adopt and enforce such rules and regulations as may be necessary, desirable or proper to safeguard the public, all persons engaged in the work and its supervision. The Contractor shall be responsible for the flagging and control of traffic and he shall comply with the requirements of the Engineer and competent authority in these matters. Contractor shall keep clear and in good working order all temporary access road structures, bridges, culverts, drains and other waterways necessary for the execution of the works during the term of the Contract;

 The Contractor shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of his personnel including those of his subcontractors and of all other persons on the Site or crossing the site. The Contractor shall provide protective clothing and equipment to workers that are appropriate to the workers’ tasks. The Contractor shall be fully responsible for ensuring necessary first aid services to his staff and workmen, including transport for injured personnel to hospital or other appropriate accommodation as and when required. The organization of the construction sites and work places, and the Contractor’s approach to the aspects listed below, shall be included in the ESHSP, details of which are included in Clause 2.21.2, to be prepared by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.

 The cleaning, restoration and then, if necessary, the appropriate rehabilitation or redevelopment of work sites, camps, quarries and borrow pits released by the Contractor as the work progresses. This obligation, which includes possible drainage of stagnant water and the completion of compensatory tree plantations (if envisaged by the Design), is a condition of the acceptance of the works;

 Taking appropriate sanctions against personnel violating the applicable specifications and provisions on environmental and social matters;

 Checking, by regular inspection, that all stipulated environmental and social provisions are being adhered to;

 Systematically and in timely manner informing PIU and Technical Supervision Consultant of each incident or accident, damage or degradation caused to the environment, workers or residents or their assets, in the course of the works. Contractor shall also take appropriate measures, as approved by the Engineer, to address the incident or accident in timely fashion; and

 Environmental and social monitoring of the works by the ESO (as defined in Clause 2.21.2., Sub-clause 2.21.2.2(ii)), and the writing of corresponding monthly reports.

43 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

2. Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Plan

The Contractor shall establish an Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Plan (ESHSP) in order to meet his obligations concerning this matter; the ESHSP particularly shall include the following:

1. Management Acknowledgements 2. Organization & Staffing 3. Communications and Reporting 4. Environmental, Health and Safety Management Provisions

The Contractor shall prepare and submit for the Engineer’s approval an ESHSP within 30 days of the commencement date. The Engineer may require periodic reviews, including updating of the ESHSP during the Works.

2.1 Management Acknowledgement (i) Certification and Commitment The ESHSP submitted by the Contractor shall provide a signed statement from the Contractor’s Managing Director(s) attesting to a commitment that all environmental protection, safety, and occupational health aspects of the Contract will be given highest priority in the discharge of contractual obligations and certifying a commitment to the provisions in the EMP, and ESHSP as approved by the Engineer. (ii) Statutory Understanding and Compliance The Plan shall provide a statement attesting the firm’s understanding of, and means of ensuring due compliance with, the statutory regulations relating to construction work in the Republic of Armenia, specifically in regard to compliance with: (a) All safety and occupational health legislation including, without limitation, the Rules and Regulations of the Republic of Armenia and the authorities having jurisdiction. (b) All current environmental laws and regulations, including both national and local regulations, related to the following, but not limited to: - Noise; - Vibration; - Air pollution; - Water contamination; - Solid and hazardous waste disposal; - Liquid waste disposal; - Sanitary conditions (water supply, sewerage, etc.); - Use of explosives; and - Protection of public traffic, - Historical, cultural and archaeological monuments/sites, - Resettlement, land acquisition, servitude, temporary use of land and compensation, etc.

44 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

(iii) Availability of Documents The Plan shall state where copies of safety and occupational health regulations and documents will be available on the construction site and verify that all regulations and documents have been or will be available. (iv) Management of Subcontractors The requirements of this and related sections and obligations therein shall include for execution of parts of the Works by the approved subcontractors whilst the Contractor shall: (a) Provide subcontractors with copies of the ESHSP whilst incorporating such provisions into all sub-contracts and ensure compliance with such plan under the Contract. (b) Require all subcontractors to appoint a safety representative who shall be available on the site throughout the operational period of the respective sub-contract and ensure as far as is practically possible that staff and employees of subcontractors are conversant with appropriate parts of the ESHSP and the statutory regulations.

2.2 Organization and Staffing

(i) Organization Chart The Plan shall include an organization chart identifying (by job title and by the name of the individual) the personnel to be engaged solely for environmental protection, safety and traffic control. The chart and the supporting text shall identify participants and their areas of responsibility and contact details. (ii) Appointment of Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) The Contractor shall submit for approval the name and details (full CV) of his proposal for an ESO to the Engineer within 14 days of the commencement date. The ESO shall be responsible for day-to-day issues of environmental management for the duration of the Contract. The Contractor shall obtain approval of such person being appointed, who shall be in position to carry out his duties prior to Works activities commencing on site except as may be agreed in exceptional circumstances in writing with the Engineer. The ESO will not be removed from the site without the express written permission of the Engineer. Within fourteen (14) days of any such removal or notice of intent of removal, a replacement ESO will be nominated for approval by the Engineer. The ESO shall be empowered to instruct employees of the Contractor and Subcontractors to cease operations and shall take the appropriate action as is necessary and within his limits of delegation by informing others as may be appropriate to prevent unsafe working practices or other infringements of the Plan or the statutory regulations. The ESO shall maintain a daily site diary comprehensively recording all relevant matters concerning site environmental management, safety and traffic control, inspections and audits, related incidents and the like. The site diary shall be available at all times for inspection by the Engineer and his staff.

45 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

2.3 Communication and Reporting

The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Engineer for his approval monthly progress reports on compliance with implementation of EMP and ESHSP. It is expected that these reports will include information on:

 Environmental, social, health, and safety management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or national authorities;

 Problems encountered in relation to environmental, social, health, and safety aspects (incidents, including delays, cost consequences, etc. as a result thereof);

 Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;

 Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to environmental, social, health, and safety aspects;

 Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to environmental, social, health, and safety management during site meetings;

 Chance historical, cultural and archaeological finds;

 Follow-up on the status and efficacy of remedial measures and/or corrective actions identified in Incident Reporting Forms included in EMPs or otherwise; and

 Follow-up, including remedial measures, status of measures and their efficacy, related to lack of compliance with contract requirements.

2.4 Environmental, Health and Safety Management Provisions

ESHSP should include at minimum the methodology and resources to meet the requirements of these Technical Specifications including but not limited to the following:

 Stakeholder communication and information dissemination;

 Relevant staff training;

 Maintaining farmers’ access to irrigation water if the Works are implemented during the irrigation season;

 Maintaining vehicle access to the communities;

 Pollution control (including spill prevention, dust abatement, noise, etc.);

 Provision of potable water and washing/toilet facilities to workers;

 Provision of lodging and insecticide-treated mosquito nets to workers as appropriate;

 Provision of health care to workers and treatment for injuries and infections; and providing workers with access to condoms;

 Assessing importance of, and reporting and investigating, chance historical, cultural and archaeological finds;

 Inspection and monitoring.

46 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme Annex F: Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings Held in Communities and Water User Associations Date: 11.06.2011

Community: Mayisyan

Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Director of Shirak WUA

H.Bagdasaryan Governor of Mayisyan community

Water users of Mayisyan community

Agenda

To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches of Shirak main canal of Shirak irrigation scheme.

H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities.

N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works.

The Governor of Mayisyan community H.Bagdasaryan described the damage caused to community population by seepage from canals and stressed the need for urgent rehabilitation emergency canal stretches.

Water user K.Nersisyan raised the issue of involvement of local population in construction works.

PIU specialists clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills.

The list of water users having participated in public consultations is attached.

Governor of Mayisyan Community H.Bagdasayan /signature/

Secretary S.Horikyan /signature/

/SEAL/

47 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS “SHIRAK” WUA Date: 11.06.2011 Community: Mayisyan Participant’s Name Participant’s position and Signature occupation Khorikyan Suren Water User /signature/ Nersisyan Kolya Water User /signature/ Terteryan Robert Water User /signature/ Gasparyan Grisha Water User /signature/ Movsisyan Ashot Water User /signature/ Aghamyan Aleksan Water User /signature/ Muradyan Melik Water User /signature/ Gasparyan Garnik Water User /signature/ Arakeklyan Hrayr Water User /signature/ Minasyan Karen Water User /signature/ Movsisyan Arshak Water User /signature/ Vardanyan Tolik Water User /signature/ Movsisyan Zorik Water User /signature/ Mleyan Gevorg Water User /signature/ Gasparyan Sargis Water User /signature/ Pogosyan Lena Water User /signature/ Ghukasyan Samvel Water User /signature/ Hovhannisyan Hamlet Water User /signature/ Hovhannisyan Hakob Water User /signature/ Serobyan Sanasar Water User /signature/ Santrosyan Ervand Water User /signature/ Harutunyan gegham Water User /signature/ Gasparyan Lanser Water User /signature/ Gevorgyan Hambardzum Water User /signature/ Abrahamyan Nina Water User /signature/

Head of Mayisyan Community H.Bagdasaryan /signature/

48 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Date: 11.06.2011

Community: Akhuryan

Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Director of Shirak WUA

A.Igityan Governor of Akhuryan community

Water users Akhuryan community

Agenda

To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches of Shirak main canal of Shirak irrigation scheme.

H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities.

N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works.

The Governor of Akhuryan community A.Igityan described the damage caused to community population by seepage from canals and stressed the need for urgent rehabilitation emergency canal stretches.

Water user A.Grigoryan raised the issue of involvement of local population in construction works.

PIU specialists clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills.

The list of water users having participated in public consultations is attached.

Governor of Akhuryan Community A.Igityan /signature/

Secretary G.Hovikyan /signature/

/SEAL/

49 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

SHIRAK IRRIGATION SCHEME “SHIRAK” WUA Date 11.06.2011 Community Akhuryan Participant’s Name Participant’s position and Signature occupation Grigoryan Nikol Water User /signature/ Aslanyan Maksim Water User /signature/ Minasyan Khosrov Businessman /signature/ Gasparyan Samson Farmer /signature/ Sargsyan Samvel Water User /signature/ Eghyan Saribek Water User /signature/ Hovakimyan Hovik Student /signature/ Mkrtchyan Sahak Water User /signature/ Galstyan Samvel Water User /signature/ Barugyan Smbat Water User /signature/ Atoyan Aloeksan Businessman /signature/ Devoyan Nunik Water User /signature/ Shirmoyan Vahan Water User /signature/ Minasyan Hovik Crane Operator /signature/ Shahbazyan Rafik Businessman /signature/ Aloyan Ashot Businessman /signature/ Miroyan Ashot Businessman /signature/ Muradyan David Water User /signature/ Mkrtchyan Aleksan Veterinary /signature/ Torosyan Rafik Businessman /signature/ Grigoruyan Aram Businessman /signature/ Chtanyan Samvel Businessman /signature/ Sahakyan Jivan Water User /signature/ Igityan Martin Water User /signature/ Marseghyan Misha Water User /signature/

Head of Akhuryan Community A.Igityan /signature/

50 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Date: 11.06.2011

Community: Arevik

Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Director of Shirak WUA

G.Stepanyan Governor of Arevik community

Water users of Arevik community

Agenda

To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches Shirak main canal Shirak irrigation scheme.

H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities.

N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works.

The Governor of Arevik community G.Stepanyan described the damage caused to community population by seepage from canals and stressed the need for urgent rehabilitation emergency canal stretches.

Water user Samvel Minasyan raised the issue of involvement of local population in construction works.

PIU specialists clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills.

The list of water users having participated in public consultations is attached.

Governor of Karbi Community G.Stepanyan /signature/

Secretary R.Vanosyan /signature/

/SEAL/

51 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

SHIRAK IRRIGATION SCHEME

“SHIRAK” WUA

Date 11.06.2011 Community Arevik

Participant’s Name Participant’s position and Signature occupation Vanoyan Robert Water User /signature/ Minasyan Samvel Water User /signature/ Vanoyan Arshak Water User /signature/ Zaryan Aleksan Water User /signature/ Minasyan Samvel Water User /signature/ Sekhpeyan Olga Water User /signature/ Gevorgyan Arshak Water User /signature/ Miroyan Razmik Water User /signature/ Vanoyan Levon Water User /signature/ Minasyan Gevorg Water User /signature/ Mkrtchyan Gevorg Water User /signature/ Ghukasyan Hakob Water User /signature/ Nranjan Rubik Water User /signature/ Zakaryan Astghik Water User /signature/ Sekhpeyan Armen Water User /signature/ Gasparyan Vardan Water User /signature/ Manukyan Petros Water User /signature/ Ghulyan petros Water User /signature/ Hovhannisyan Edik Water User /signature/ panoyan Mkrtich Water User /signature/ Mkrtshyan Suren Water User /signature/ Grigoryan gagik Water User /signature/ Grigoryan Mkrtich Water User /signature/ Sargsyan Boris Water User /signature/ Torosyan Khachik Water User /signature/

Head of Arevik Community G.Stepanyan /signature/

52 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

Date: 11.06.2011

Community: Kamo

Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Director of Shirak WUA

R.Ghazaryan Governor of Kamo community

Water users of Kamo community

Agenda

To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches of Shirak main canal of Shirak irrigation scheme.

H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities.

N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works.

The Governor of Kamo community R.Ghazaryan described the damage caused to community population by seepage from canals and stressed the need for urgent rehabilitation emergency canal stretches.

Water user H.Drmeyan raised the issue of involvement of local population in construction works.

PIU specialists clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills.

The list of water users having participated in public consultations is attached.

Governor of Karbi Community R.Ghazaryan /signature/

Secretary R.Gasparyan /signature/

/SEAL/

53 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

SHIRAK IRRIGATION SCHEME “SHIRAK” WUA Date 11.06.2011 Community Kamo Participant’s Name Participant’s position and Signature occupation Karapetyan Tamar Water User /signature/ Drmeyan Hakob Water User /signature/ Grigoryan Hrach Water User /signature/ Safaryan Varak Water User /signature/ Manukyan Mkrtich Businessman /signature/ Papikyan Svetik Water User /signature/ Ghazaryan Hovhannes Stock keeper /signature/ Khachatryan Karen Water distributor /signature/ Dreyan Tsolak Water User /signature/ Papikyan Suren Track operator /signature/ Hareyan Ashot Stock keeper /signature/ manukyan Norik Water User /signature/ Dreyan Manvel Water User /signature/ Aslanyan Martun Bee keeper /signature/ Bifelyan Velikhan Water User /signature/ Avagyan Vahan Water User /signature/ Margaryan Seyran Water User /signature/ Galstyan Rafael Water User /signature/ Avagjan Sargis Water distributor /signature/ Papikyan Aghvan Water distributor /signature/ Papikyan Razmik Water User /signature/ Khachatryan Karen Businessman /signature/ Grigoryan Seda Water User /signature/ Aslanyan Melkon Water User /signature/ Arakelyan Meruj Water User /signature/

Head of Kamo Community R.Ghazaryan

54 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

“Shirak” WUA, Shirak Irrigation Scheme, Shirak Main Canal Date: 19.09.2011 Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Executive Director of Shirak WUA

A.Martirosyan Governor of Vahramaberd community

A.Yegoyan Governor of Marmashen community

T.Mirijanyan Governor of Hovuni community

H.Bagdasaryan Governor of Majisyan community

A.Harutyunyan Governor of Hatsik community

Kh.Harutyunyan Governor of Shirak community

R.Ghazaryan Governor of Majisyan community

A.Gaboyan Governor of Hatsik community

V.Gukasyan Official of Gyumry municipality

Agenda To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches Shirak main canal of Shirak irrigation scheme located within the service area of Shirak WUA. H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities. N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works. The Executive Director of Shirak WUA M.Ghazaryan explained participants how water delivery process within the under-command lands of Shirak irrigation scheme, and particularly of Shirak main canal is organized. He confirmed that the rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches of canals will improve water delivery efficiency and significantly reduce water loses. The Governors of Hatsik, Mayisyan, Shirak and Karnut communities first thanked for inclusion of Shirak main canal into the rehabilitation project. Meantime they asked to include as much labor force as possible from local population in anticipated civil works. Institutional Specialists of PIU V.Movsisyan clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills. The list of participants is attached.

Executive Director of “Karakert” WUA [Signature] T.Ghazaryan

55 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

List of participants of the Public Consultations “Shirak” WUA, Shirak Irrigation Scheme: Shirak Main Canal

Date: 19.09.2011

No. Name of community Name Signature Occupation

1. Vahramaberd A.Martirosyan [Signature] Community governor

2. Marmashen A.Yegoyan [Signature] Community governor

3. Hovuni T.Mirijanyan [Signature] Community governor

4. Majisyan H.Bagdasaryan [Signature] Community governor

5. Hatsik A.Harutyunyan [Signature] Community governor

6. Shirak Kh.Harutyunyan [Signature] Community governor

7. Kamo R.Ghazaryan [Signature] Community governor

8. Karnut A.Gaboyan [Signature] Community governor

9. Gyumri V.Gukasyan [Signature] Municipality official

Executive Director of “Shirak” WUA T.Ghazaryan

56 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

“Shirak” WUA, Shirak Irrigation Scheme, Distribution Canal No.26 Date: 19.09.2011 Participants:

H.Harutyunyan PIU Irrigation Officer

N.Atayan PIU Environmental and Social Impact Officer,

V.Movsisyan Institutional Improvements Officer

M.Ghazaryan Executive Director of Shirak WUA

V.Ikilikyan Governor of Azatan community

G.Stepanyan Governor of Arevik community

S.Mkrtchyan Governor of Beniamin community

A.Igityan Governor of Akhuryan community

S.Vanetsyan Governor of Aygabats community

Agenda To carry out public discussions of environmental and social impacts and other issues related to rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches Distribution canal No.26 of Shirak irrigation scheme located within the service area of Shirak WUA. H.Harutyunyan presented in details the proposed project and the nature of anticipated activities. N.Atayan presented environmental and social aspects of the anticipated works. The Executive Director of Shirak WUA M.Ghazaryan explained participants how water delivery process within the under-command lands of Shirak irrigation scheme, and particularly of Distribotor No.26 is organized. He confirmed that the rehabilitation of deteriorated stretches of canals will improve water delivery efficiency and significantly reduce water loses. The Governors of Azatan, Arevik and Aygabats communities first thanked for inclusion of Shirak main canal into the rehabilitation project. Meantime they asked to include as much labor force as possible from local population in anticipated civil works. Institutional Specialists of PIU V.Movsisyan clarified that one of the Project’s objectives is to involve in civil works as much local population as possible to increase local employment. Local people will be hired if they posses required construction skills. The list of participants is attached.

Executive Director of “Karakert” WUA [Signature] T.Ghazaryan

57 Rehabilitation of primary canals of Shirak irrigation scheme

List of participants of the Public Consultations “Shirak” WUA, Shirak Irrigation Scheme, Distributor No. 26

Date: 19.09.2011

No. Name of community Name Signature Occupation

1. Azatan V.Ikilikyan [Signature] Community governor

2. Arevik G.Stepanyan [Signature] Community governor

3. Beniamin S.Mkrtchyan [Signature] Community governor

4. Akhuryan A.Igityan [Signature] Community governor

5. Aygabats S.Vanetsyan [Signature] Community governor

Executive Director of “Shirak” WUA M.Ghazaryan

58