The Earliest Known Animals
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Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - --- -
(OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area
Handout 2 Natural Heritage Criteria and the Attributes of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area The notes that follow were derived by deconstructing the original 1988 nomination document to identify the specific themes and attributes which have been recognised as contributing to the Outstanding Universal Value of the Wet Tropics. The notes also provide brief statements of justification for the specific examples provided in the nomination documentation. Steve Goosem, December 2012 Natural Heritage Criteria: (1) Outstanding examples representing the major stages in the earth’s evolutionary history Values: refers to the surviving taxa that are representative of eight ‘stages’ in the evolutionary history of the earth. Relict species and lineages are the elements of this World Heritage value. Attribute of OUV (a) The Age of the Pteridophytes Significance One of the most significant evolutionary events on this planet was the adaptation in the Palaeozoic Era of plants to life on the land. The earliest known (plant) forms were from the Silurian Period more than 400 million years ago. These were spore-producing plants which reached their greatest development 100 million years later during the Carboniferous Period. This stage of the earth’s evolutionary history, involving the proliferation of club mosses (lycopods) and ferns is commonly described as the Age of the Pteridophytes. The range of primitive relict genera representative of the major and most ancient evolutionary groups of pteridophytes occurring in the Wet Tropics is equalled only in the more extensive New Guinea rainforests that were once continuous with those of the listed area. -
Palynological Evidence from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 408 (2014) 26–47 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Latest Cretaceous–earliest Paleogene vegetation and climate change at the high southern latitudes: palynological evidence from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula Vanessa C. Bowman a,⁎, Jane E. Francis a,RosemaryA.Askinb, James B. Riding c, Graeme T. Swindles d a British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK b Jackson, WY, USA c British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK d School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK article info abstract Article history: Fluctuations in Late Cretaceous climate were already influencing biotic change prior to the environmental up- Received 21 January 2014 heaval at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, but their general nature, magnitude and timing remain Received in revised form 29 April 2014 controversial. A high-resolution dataset on terrestrially-derived palynomorphs is presented from the high south- Accepted 30 April 2014 ern palaeolatitudes that unlocks details of small-scale climate variability throughout this period of significant Available online 9 May 2014 global change. Specifically, this is a quantitative spore and pollen analysis of an expanded uppermost Cretaceous to lowermost Paleogene (Maastrichtian–earliest Danian) shallow marine sedimentary succession from Seymour Keywords: Late Cretaceous Island, off the northeastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, then (as now) located at ~65°S. Using nearest living rel- Paleogene atives the first detailed vegetation, habitat and climate reconstruction is presented for the emergent volcanic arc Pollen at this time. On the coastal lowlands, a cool to warm temperate rainforest is envisaged growing in a riverine land- Palaeoclimate scape, with both wet (river margin, pond) and relatively dry (interfluve, canopy gap) habitats. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
THE BURGESS SHALE: A CAMBRIAN MIRROR FOR MODERN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Keynyn Alexandra Ripley Brysse A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Toronto © Copyright by Keynyn Alexandra Ripley Brysse (2008) Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-44745-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-44745-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Plant Biodiversity Science, Discovery, and Conservation: Case Studies from Australasia and the Pacific
Plant Biodiversity Science, Discovery, and Conservation: Case Studies from Australasia and the Pacific Craig Costion School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA 5005 Thesis by publication submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology July 2011 ABSTRACT This thesis advances plant biodiversity knowledge in three separate bioregions, Micronesia, the Queensland Wet Tropics, and South Australia. A systematic treatment of the endemic flora of Micronesia is presented for the first time thus advancing alpha taxonomy for the Micronesia-Polynesia biodiversity hotspot region. The recognized species boundaries are used in combination with all known botanical collections as a basis for assessing the degree of threat for the endemic plants of the Palau archipelago located at the western most edge of Micronesia’s Caroline Islands. A preliminary assessment is conducted utilizing the IUCN red list Criteria followed by a new proposed alternative methodology that enables a degree of threat to be established utilizing existing data. Historical records and archaeological evidence are reviewed to establish the minimum extent of deforestation on the islands of Palau since the arrival of humans. This enabled a quantification of population declines of the majority of plants endemic to the archipelago. In the state of South Australia, the importance of establishing concepts of endemism is emphasized even further. A thorough scientific assessment is presented on the state’s proposed biological corridor reserve network. The report highlights the exclusion from the reserve system of one of the state’s most important hotspots of plant endemism that is highly threatened from habitat fragmentation and promotes the use of biodiversity indices to guide conservation priorities in setting up reserve networks. -
The Brandy Creek Fossil Flora
The Brandy Creek fossil flora Rachael Louise Keefe Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2012 School of Engineering and Science Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science Declaration of authenticity “I, Rachael Louise Keefe declare that the PhD thesis entitled The Brandy Creek fossil flora is no more than 100,000 words in length including quotes and exclusive of tables, figures, appendices, bibliography, references and footnotes. This thesis contains no material that has been submitted previously, in whole or in part, for the award of any other academic degree or diploma. Except where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work”. Signature Date ii. Abstract A detailed quantitative study of the fossil flora, palaeoclimate and palaeoecology of the Eocene Brandy Creek fossil site, Bogong High Plains, Victoria, Australia was undertaken. Taxonomic assessment of Leaf macrofossils reveals 18 morphotypes that have affinity with nearest living relatives including Lauraceae genera Cryptocarya, Endiandra and Litsea and the families Cunoniaceae and Elaeocarpaceae. The pollen and spore record at Brandy Creek reveals 36 palynomorphs, with many of them having affinities with fossil and modern Dicksoniaceae, Araurcariaceae and Proteaceae and Nothofagus. The Palaeoclimate of the Brandy Creek flora was reconstructed using Leaf Margin Analysis and Bioclimatic Analysis giving a Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) of 19.7 °C and 18.7 °C respectively. The climate profile of Brandy Creek is indicative of mesothermal rainforests of north eastern Queensland today. Using both taxonomic information from leaf macrofossil and palynomorphs, combined with palaeoclimate data the Brandy Creek palaeoecology is reconstructed. The result show that the Brandy Creek flora is moderately diverse. -
Update of Original Wet Tropics of Queensland Nomination Dossier Stephen Goosem Wet Tropics Management Authority Cairns, Queensland
Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area September 2002 _________________________________________ Update of Original Wet Tropics of Queensland Nomination Dossier Stephen Goosem Wet Tropics Management Authority Cairns, Queensland. Australia. 4870. Description and Inventory Australia’s Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area covers 894,420ha. It is located in the north-east coastal region of the State of Queensland, where it extends from just south of Cooktown to just north of Townsville. The World Heritage Area comprises a large proportion of the 1,849,725 ha Wet Tropics biogeographic region (Thackway & Cresswell 1995; Goosem et al 1999). The rainforests of the Wet Tropics of Queensland are a relict of a vegetation type which was once much more widespread. Fossil pollen records have indicated that much of Australia was covered by closed forests some 50 to 100 million years ago. Australian rainforests are currently restricted to a series of discontinuous pockets extending for more than 6,000 km across northern Australia and along the east coast to Tasmania. Representatives of the sub-tropical and temperate rainforests are included in the Central Eastern Rainforests Reserve World Heritage Area in New South Wales and south-east Queensland and the cool temperate rainforests are included in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Australia has a total native forest area of almost 156 million hectares (National Land & Water Resources Audit 2001). With a land area of almost 769 million hectares, only about 20 per cent of the Australian continent is forested. It is estimated that rainforests currently cover just over 3.0 million hectares of Australia (National Land & Water Resources Audit 2001). -
Burgess Shale: Cambrian Explosion in Full Bloom
Bottjer_04 5/16/02 1:27 PM Page 61 4 Burgess Shale: Cambrian Explosion in Full Bloom James W. Hagadorn he middle cambrian burgess shale is one of the world’s best-known and best-studied fossil deposits. The story of Tthe discovery of its fauna is a famous part of paleontological lore. While searching in 1909 for trilobites in the Burgess Shale Formation of the Canadian Rockies, Charles Walcott discovered a remarkable “phyl- lopod crustacean” on a shale slab (Yochelson 1967). Further searching revealed a diverse suite of soft-bodied fossils that would later be described as algae, sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, brachiopods, hyoliths, pria- pulids, annelids, onychophorans, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichor- dates, chordates, cirripeds, and a variety of problematica. Many of these fossils came from a single horizon, in a lens of shale 2 to 3 m thick, that Walcott called the Phyllopod (leaf-foot) Bed. Subsequent collecting at and near this site by research teams led by Walcott, P. E. Raymond, H. B. Whittington, and D. Collins has yielded over 75,000 soft-bodied fossils, most of which are housed at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) in Toronto. Although interest in the Burgess Shale fauna has waxed and waned since its discovery, its importance has inspired work on other Lagerstät- ten and helped galvanize the paleontological community’s attention on soft-bodied deposits in general. For example, work on the Burgess Shale Copyright © 2002. Columbia University Press, All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. -
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 57, NUMBER 6 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY II No. 6.-MIDDLH CAMBRIAN BRANCHIOPODA, MALACOSTRACA, TRILOBITA, AND MEROSTOMATA With Plates 24 to 34 BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT TUBLICATION 2051) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MARCH 13, 1912 €5e Bnvi) (^aitimovi (preee BALTIMORE, Mn., U. S. A. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY II No. 6.—MIDDLE CAMBRIAN BRANCHIOPODA, MALACOSTRACA, TRILOBITA, AND MEROSTOMATA By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (With Plates 24 to 34) CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 148 Habitat 149 Character of the shale 149 Mode of occurrence 151 Classification 153 Stratigraphic distribution 155 Structural features 157 Exoskeleton 157 Labrum 1 58 Segmentation 1 58 Appendages 1 58 Alimentary canal 160 Hepatic caeca 160 Origin of Middle Cambrian crustacean fauna 160 Relation to recent crustaceans 164 Survival of the Branchiopoda 165 Class Crustacea 166 Sub-Class Branchiopoda j66 Order Anostraca Caiman 166 Family Opabinidse, new family 166 Genus Opabinia, new genus 166 Opabinia regalis, new species (pis. 27, 28.) 167 Appendages 167 Interior structure 168 Dimensions 168 Female 169 Opabinia ? media, new species 1 70 Genus Leanchoilia, new genus 170 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57 No. 6 145 i 146 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57 PAGE Leanchoilia superlata, new species (pi. 31) 170 Genus Yohoia, new genus 171 Yohoia tenuis, new species (pi. 29) 172 Appendages 1 72 Dimensions 1 73 Yohoia plena, new species (pi. 29) 1 73 Genus Bidentia, new genus 173 Bidentia difUcilis, new species (pi. 30) 174 Appendages 1 74 Dimensions 1 74 Order Notostraca 1 75 Family Naraoidse, new family 175 Genus Naraoia, new genus 1 75 Naraoia compacta, new species (pi. -
Fossil Crustacea Ranges and Localities
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The fossil Crustacea of China: their taxonomy, palaeobiology, biogeography and phylogenetic relationships Taylor, R.S. Publication date 1999 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Taylor, R. S. (1999). The fossil Crustacea of China: their taxonomy, palaeobiology, biogeography and phylogenetic relationships. Fac. der Biologie. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 Fossil Crustacea: Ranges and Localities Appendix 2: Crustacea: Ranges and Localities: Class Phyllopoda Latreille, 1825 Subclass Phyllocarida Packard, 1879 (L. Cambrian - Recent) Order Leptostraca Claus, 1880: U. Permian - Recent F Nebaliidae Baird, 1850: U. Permian - Recent G Nebalia Leach, 1814 N. herbstii Leach, 1814 (Cancer bipes Farricus, 1780?): Recent, cosmopolitan (synonyms on R313) N. -
The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna Author(S): Simon Conway Morris Reviewed Work(S): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol
The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna Author(s): Simon Conway Morris Reviewed work(s): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 10 (1979), pp. 327-349 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096795 . Accessed: 18/10/2012 13:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. http://www.jstor.org Ann. Rev. Ecol Syst. 1979. 10.327-49 Copyright ? 1979 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved THE BURGESS SHALE *4165 (MIDDLE CAMBRIAN) FAUNA Simon Conway Morris Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, England INTRODUCTION The preservation of soft parts in fossils is rare because fossilization usually occurs long after decay has destroyed soft tissues. A notable exception is the soft-bodied fauna from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale (about 530 million years old) located near Field in southern British Columbia, where both completely soft-bodied groups (e.g. polychaetes) and the soft parts of creatures with resistant skeletons (e.g. trilobites) are beautifully preserved. In addition, this fauna includes animals with fragile skeletons of thin cuticle that normally do not fossilize. -
Multiple Facets of Biodiversity: Assembly Processes, Trait Composition, and Functionality Along Tropical Elevation Gradients
Multiple facets of biodiversity: Assembly processes, trait composition, and functionality along tropical elevation gradients Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer.nat.) dem Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Yvonne Christin Tiede aus Gifhorn Marburg an der Lahn, Oktober 2017 Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation am 21.11.2017 angenommen. Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Nina Farwig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Roland Brandl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung am: 07.12.2017 Land of the Sun! Where joyous green-robes Spring And leaf-crowned Summer deck the Earth for ever; No Winter stern their sweet embrace to sever And numb to silence every living thing, But bird and insect ever on the wing, Flitting ‚mid forest glades and tangled bowers, While the life-giving orb’s effulgent beams Through all the circling year call forth the flowers. Here graceful palms, here luscious fruits have birth; The fragrant coffee, life-sustaining rice, Sweet canes, and wondrous gums, and odorous spice; While Flora`s choicest treasures crowd the teeming earth. Beside each cot the golden Orange stands, And broad-leaved Plantain, pride of Tropic lands. Alfred R. Wallace Table of contents Table of contents Chapter 1 General introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Biodiversity as the backbone of functioning ecosystems ..........................................................................