Volume 46, Number 4 Winter 2004 O\?rrERI8~ ~~ (9" q & ~ ~ tQ En ~ OF THE ~ ~ J LEPIDOPTERISTS' :~w~~p~?~; SoelETY Inside: PUddling Behavior of Appalachian Tigers••• Mitchell's Satyr in AL Antigonus erosus, New to Texas and the US••• Classic Campaigns: Toms Place Moth Pheromone Interactions••• Protographium femalesl New Species from Mt. Roraima, Guiana••• Coastal Sandbur, a Mestra & Queens••• More 2004 Meeting Photos ••• Letters ••• Marketplace ••• New Books ••• Membership Update••• ••• and more! O\,T ERIS~ ~'~9 NE S ~ &'&~... ~ OF THE ~ ~ ~ LEPIDOPTERISTS' ~ J SOCIETY ~ST.19 ~1 CDntents Volume 46, No.4 Winter 2004
Th e Lepidopterists' Society is a non-profit The Fem ale of Protograp h luni leucaspis educational and scientific organization. The leucaspis (Godart 181 9) . R ick Rozycki 110 object of the Society, which was formed in A ntigon us erosus Hubn er (Hesperiidae, P yrginae ), a new US May 1947 and formally constituted in De record from south Texas. E. Knudson, C. Bordelon & A. Warren I II cember 1950, is "to promote internationally LepSoc 2004 Photos 112 t he science of lepidopterology in all its Classic Collecting Campai gns: Tom s P lace . Kelly R ichers ll3 branches; to fur ther the scientifically sound and progressive st udy of Lepidoptera, to is Mail b ag 115 sue periodicals and other publications on New Book: Mon arch Bu tter fl ies 115 Lepidoptera; to facilitate the exchange of Interactions Between S aturnia & Antheraea: con ver gen ce specimens and ideas by both the professional or a million years of stasis? Some thoughts on t he evolu t ion worker and the amateur in the field; to com of mot h p h eromon es. Michael M. Collins ll6 pile and distribute information to other or Mem bersh ip Up d ate. J ulian Donahue 118 ganizations and individuals for purposes of The Market place 119 education and conservation andappreciation Get in the Swin g of Th ings with a Society T-Shirt!. 120 of Lepidoptera; and to secure cooperation in From the Edit or's Desk Phil Schappert 121 all measures" directed towards these aims. New Editor Search: Associate/Future Editor Need ed for the News 121 (Article II, Constitution of The Lepidopter New Species fr om Mt. Ror aima. Steve Fratello 122 ists' Society.) Announcement: Basic Techniques Ma nual (Mem oir #5) 124 The News ofthe Lepid opterists' Society New Butterflies & Moths at Stengl "Lost Pines". Phil Schappert 125 (lSSN 0091-1348) is published quarterly by Strange Attract ors: Coastal Sandbur, Cenchrus sp inifex The Lepidopterists' Society,c/o Los Angeles (Poaceae). Phil Schappert 126 County Museum of Natural History,900 Ex AHot Day in the Field Liam O'Brien 129 position Blvd., Los Angeles, CA90007-4057, USA., and includes one or two supplements Backpages: each year. The Season Summary is pub Membership Information, Dues Rates, J ournal of the Lepidopte rists' lished every year as Supp lement Sl an d is Society, Change of Address?, Our Mailing List?, Missed or Defective mailed with issue 1 of the News. In even num Issue?, Book Reviews, Submission Guidelines for the News 130 beredyearsa complete Membership Direc E xecutive Cou ncil. 131 tory is published as Supplement S2 and is Season Summary Zo n e Coordin ators 131 mailed with issue 4 of that volume of the LepSoc 2004 Photos 104 News. Please see the inside back cover for in structions regarding subscriptions, submis Issue Date: November 15, 2004 ISSN 0091-1348 sions to, and deadline dates for, the News. Application to mail at Periodicals Postage rates is pending at Los Ange les, CA and at Reminder: additional mailing office (Lawrence, KS). The 200S Annual Meeting of the Lepidopterists' Society will be held in P OSTMASTER: Pl ea se send a ddress Sierra Vista, AI, August 2-7, 200S. Details will be published in the changes to News of t he Lepidopterists' Spring issue of the News. Contact Paul Opler ([email protected]) Society, c/o Los Angele s County Museum or Hank Brodkin ([email protected]) for early details••• of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007 -4057. Copyright George O. Krizek 2111 Bancroft Pi. Nl¥, Washington, DC 20008 It is well known that fre shly emerged others) are the acknowledged cue for urine had been deposited but they did males of many patrolling species of such behavior, the function of t he not stay too long at a nyone pl ace. I butterflies are often seen taking up behavior is not fully understood. could not see any females among them. mo isture at wet spots along streams, th t On Apr il 30 and May 15 \ 2004, I was With no u nderstandable reason t hey margins and mud puddles. Often a large able to observe and pho tograph (see pp. suddenly erupted into a cloud of but number of males can be observed tightly 108) mud-pu ddling behavior of Pterour terflies that began to disperse about the clustered within a remar kably small us appalachiensis along with t hree area, seeming to resume a no r mal area. Previously, we have photograph other swallowtail species (P. glaucus, P. patrolling behavior. After a short while ically documented these "mud-puddle troilus and E. marcellus) in the Transi they returned and again began to form clubs" in Papilio glaucus, P.palamedes, tion Life Zone of the Blue Mountains very tightly packed multi-species "mud P. troilus and Eurytides marcellus of northwest Virginia. Along a roadside puddle clubs" at three diffe rent places, (Opler & Krizek, Butterflies East of the crossing a stream running through a about 8 to 10 meters apart, along the Great Plains, 1984). pasture close to the edge of broadleaf dirt road. In mixed "puddles" of these species, the deciduous forest, I found many places At one spot there were several wings of individual butterflies literally touch where cow and de er excrement and P. appalachiensis, apparently the rem each other while competing for space urine had attracted many papilionids of nants of at least 2 individuals possibly within a small, confined patch of the various species. The butterflies ap devoured by a bird (?) predator. These salty resources which they crave. While peared to congregate at those places mineral salts (sodiu m chloride and where most of the animal waste and continued on pp. 110 New Locations for Mitchell's Satyr (Neonympha mitchellil) in Alabama. Vitaly Charny 101 Old Rocky Ridge Lane, Birmingham, AL 35216, [email protected] On June 7 of 2002 I visited butterfly American Snouts (L iby the ana carin very worn. Along with the Mitchell's populations in a couple of localities in enta) and Azure sp. (Celastrina neglecta) Satyrs along about 100 m of trail I Bibb and Hale Counties in Central on the road. The N mitchellii was found very fresh Southern Pearly-eye Alabama near Birmingham. I found found resting on the bushes from the (E nod ia portlandia), Carolina Satyr Mitchell's Satyr (N eonympha mitchel road side and when startled it flew along (He rmeup ty ch ia sosybius), Gemmed Iii ) in both counties, however, due to the the bushes about 1 m-1.5 m high above Satyr (Cyllopsis gemma) and Lit t le species' endangered status I wouldn't the ground and did not attempt to move Wood Satyr (Megisto cymela). Since they specify exact locations. deeper into the vegetation. were flying together it was easy to The location in Bibb Co.(1 adult seen, The location in Hale Co. (3 adults seen) distinguish the species without bino see photos on pp. 109) was a thin line is about 12 miles away from the Bibb culars. The largest were E. portlandia, of bushes that separate a dirt road from Co. location. It is a bottomland hard smaller butterflies of similar size were a swampy slow moving creek area. At wood dr a in age with small openings either N mitchellii and M. cymela; and the same location I also found a overgrown mostly by canes (can e the smallest were H . sosybus and C. Carolina Satyr (Herm euptychia sosyb breaks). One of adults that I observed gemma. The la st two were the most ius) at the edge of the woods about 20 from a short distance away was very difficult to distinguish from each ot her m away from N mitchellii, a couple of fresh but the others also didn't look from a distance. The N mitchellii were continued on pp. 110 Volume 46, Number 4 107 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 Behavior of Pterourus appalachiensis 1. Pt erou rous appalachiensis , May 15, 2004, Blu e Mountains, NW Virginia. 2. as 1. Note that on the righ t side is a forewing underside of P. appalachiensis that may be responsib le for attracting the living butterfly. 3. as 2. 4. Papili a troilus, Eu rytides marcellus and P. appalachi ensis compete for space at a urine soak along the road. April 30, 2004, Blue Mountains, NW Virginia. 5. Papilia troilus and Pterourous appalachiensis puddle together. May 15, 2004, Blue Mountains, NW Virgini a. 6. Papilia troilus apparently attracted to the wing of a dead Pterourous appalachiensis. May 15, 2004, Blue Mountains, NW Virginia. All phot os by George O. Kr izek . See his account beginning on pp. 107. 108 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society A. Swamp and slow creek habitat of Mitchell's Satyr in Bibb Co., AL, B. Dirt road side at same location as A, C. Neonympha mitchellii at Bibb Co., AL site, D. Bottomland hardwood drainage Mitchell's Satyr in Alabama with canebrake habitat of Mitchell's Satyr in Hale Co., AL, E. Neonympha mitchellii at Hale Co., AL site. Photos by Vitaly Charny, Canon Rebel G 35mm SLR camera with Sigma 70-300mm zoom at 300mm. See the article beginning on pp . 107. Female Protograph!um leucasp's Left : The first photo of the female of this South American species. Male (left), Female (right). Note the more falcate forewing tips of the male and the generally more rounded forewing tips of the female. Photo by Rick Rozycki. See his description on pp. 110. Volume 46, Number 4 109 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 Satyr...continued from pp. 107 The Female of obviously darker than M. cymela and was also the easiest species to approach. Protographium leucaspis Flight of N mitchelli was similar to H. sosybius-a little bit higher and less leucasp's (Godart 1819) bobbing than C. gemma-but they perch more often than H . sosybius or Rick Rozycki C. gemma and do not fly far away when 5830 S. McVicker Ave., Chicago, IL 60638 startled from a perch. Mostly they perched and flew about 1-1.5 m above the ground, as I had noted in Bibb Co. The female of Protographium leucaspis Description of Female In 2004 I visited another location in leucaspis (Godart 1819 ), which ranges Antennae, frons and abdomen as in Bibb Co. just a mile down the same from the East Andean slopes of male. Very similar to male in markings, creek. I encountered 4 N mitchelli on Colombia to Bolivia is here described however, the outer margin of the June 5 an d 2 more on June 12. On the and illustrated (see pp. 109) for the first forewings are much more rounded, not first visit all of the adults were active time. Since its original description in falcate is in males (although in two of flying males but only females were seen 1819, this species (along with a few the males examined, the falcate on the second visit. All were found in other Protographium , such as P forewings were not as pronounced as alder bushes along the side of a dirt lacandones, P dioxippus, and P the others). Hindwings are also slightly road. Again, they did not come out of obertheuri) were known only from the the bushes but did not move into the males. The females and early stages of more rounded in the female. thicket either-just flying along the the other species are still unknown at Literature Consulted edge. During these two trips there this time. The female of P leucaspis D'Abrera, B. (198l). Butterflies of the weren't many other Satyrs or other leucaspis was taken at Caranavi, Neotropical Region , Part 1: Papilionidae and butterflies that could distract me from Bolivia at 800 meters. I was able to Pi eridae. Landsdown e Editions and E. W. observation. Along with these 6 examine 24 male specimens from Class ey, Melbourne and Faringdon. Mitchell's Satyrs I only encountered 4 various collections and localities Rothschild, W. a nd K. J ordan (1906) . The American Papilios. Nov. Zoo!' 13: 411-744. Carolina Satyrs and 1 Northern Pearly throughout its range to make the Tyler, H., K. S. Brown Jr., and K. Wilson (1994). eye . comparisons. Swallowtail Butterflies of th e Americas: a study in biological dynamics, ecological diversity, biosyst ematics and conservation. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. Toms Place...cont'd from pp. 114 lodging from the inexpensive to the luxurious. Dining is equally available, and while in the area, try some local ribs or steaks. Access either place on Behavior...cont'd from pp. 107 and other breakdown chemicals present the Internet for specifics. wings became the focus of attention of in animal wastes. It is likely that the While in the area, do not miss out on other butterflies that were trying to two unusual species (P troilus and E. the sightseeing. The Owens River Valley land in their immediate vicinity. marcellus) were attracted to the activity is truly one of the beautiful spots left Interestingly, the predominately black of the other two species along with the in California, and the sight of Mono P troilus was also attracted to the combination of the visual attractiveness Lake, north of Mammoth, is one few yellow wings along with the two yellow of the wings upon the ground and people forget. The area has a history of species (P appalachiensis and P glau possibly at least two or more different water wars, Indian tribes live in many czzs), suggesting that both chemical and chemical signals that serve to multiply areas, and the natural history is visual stimuli could playa role in the the attractiveness of the situation for incredible. The gold mining ghost town assembly of the puddle clubs. male papilionids (Tom Emmel, pel's. of Bodie lies to the north, and lost mines The strong visual stimulus of a perched cornm.). of gold lie near Mammoth. Taken butterfly, or in this case the wings of Several photos of my encou nters with together, the upper Owens River Valley dead individuals, might be a factor in these butterfly aggregations are on pp. and Toms Place are unique and very the designation of suitable resource 108. Species determinations verified by desirable areas for a lepidopterist, sites, that is a place wit h the rich salts Harry Pavulaan (pel's. comm.). naturalist, or geologist to visit. 110 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Antigonus erosus Hubner (Hes~eriidae Pyrginae), A New US "Record from "Soutll Texas. 'Ed Knudson,'Charles Bordelon, & 2A ndrew Warren (1): 8517 Burkhart Rd. Houston, TX, 77055; (2): Dept. of Zoology, Oregon State Unio., Corvallis, OR, 97331 On October 17, 2004-the la st day of conspic-uous pattern of dark bands on occasion. This would probably be the Texas Butterfly Festival in Mission, the wings, different wing shape, and a Antigonus nearclius (Latreille, 1824), Texas-the senior author was looking shorter antennal apiculus. a much larger species with an elongate, sharply pointed "spur" on the at roadside flow ers southeast of town, Antigonus erosu.s , which has been when an unusual looking skipper came called the "Dusted , Gray, or Common hindwing and a well-defined dorsal pattern (see Austin, 2000). Males and into view. Upon close examination, the Spurwing" in recent publications (e.g, skipper appeared to be a male Antigon Warren & Llorente, 1999), occurs from females of A. nearclius are sexually us erosus (Hubner, 1812), a species extreme southern Texas to Paraguay dimorphic, as in A. erosa, and are with which he was familiar from several (E va n s 1953). It is very widely powerful fliers. trips t o Mexico about 30 years prev distributed in Mexico, having been Lepidopterists in south Texas, who are iously. The initial impression was recorded in the states of Campeche, not familiar with A. erosus , might correct and the skipper proved to be a Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guerrero, mistake the male for a faded example of slightly worn male of this common Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, the ever-present Eantis tamenund (WH Mexican species (see photos on pp. Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Pueble, Quintana Edwards, 1871) which is slightly larger, 112). This is the first report of this Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, with hooked forewing apices; or the species from within the United States Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and female for Carrhenes canescens which of America. Yucatan (Godman & Salvin, 1897-1901, lacks the hindwing spur). Antigonus As noted by Austin (2000), A. erosus is Hoffmann, 1941, de la Maza, 1976, de erosus was illustrated by Austin, (2000) seasonally dimorphic, with dry-season la Maza & de la Maza, 1993, Stanford Bordelon & Knudson, (2002), older adults being paler than wet-season & Opler, 1993, Vargas et.al., 1996, versions, but was deleted by Bordelon individuals. The male of A. erosus has Warren et al., 1998, Pozo et al., 2003, & Knudson (2003) to make way for an a distinctive vestiture of gray hair-like Salinas, 2003, Llorente et al ., in press, illustration of Achylodes pallida (R. scales on the upper surface ofthe wings, Warren, unpublished data.) Felder, 1869, see Warren, et al ., 2003), which may appear bluish in sunlight. The genus Antigonus Hubner, 1819, but has now been recently reinstated by There mayor may not be one to four falls into the Antigonus sub-group of Bordelon & Knudson (2004). small hyaline apical spots on the the Telemiades group of the Pyrginae Antigonus erosus has been reared in forewing. Dry-season males may also (Evans, 1953, see also Austin, 2000). Mexico by Kendall in Tamaulipas and have one or two hyaline discal spots on The closest relatives in southern Texas San Luis Potosi, from larvae found on the forewing. There is a well developed are Carrhenes canescens, Xenophanes Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculi co stal fold on the forewing and an tryxus (Stoll, 1780), and Systasea aceae) (Kendall & McGuire, 1975.) This elongate apiculus on the antenna. The puluerulenta (R. Felder, 1869). Another plant does not occur in southern Texas, undersurface of the hindwing has a species in this genus, Antigonus emorsa but there are several others in this banded pattern reminiscent of Carr (R. Felder, 1869), has been recorded family that do occur in the region. henes canescens (R. Felder, 1869). The from southeastern Arizona (Bailowitz These include several sub-shrubs such female of is similar to the A. erosus & Brock, 1991). Antigonus emorsa is a as Ayenia sp., Hermannia texana Gray male, but has much less gray vestiture seasonally dimorphic species with a (Mexican Mallow), Melochia pyrami and is paler brown (Dry-season females broad white band on the upperside medi data L. (Pyramid Flower), and Walther may be quite pale.) There are three or an area of both wings during the rainy ia indica L. (Hierba del Soldado). Ad four well developed discal hyaline spots season, which is replaced with gray ditionally, the Chinese Parasol Tree on the forewing, as well as four mottling above during the dry-season. (Firmiana simplex W. Wright) and (usually) well developed apical hyaline Cocoa Tree (Theobroma cacao L.) are There are three other Antigonus species spots. Other Mexican species which occasionally cultivated in extreme may resemble females of A. erosus, can in Mexico, one of which also might be differentiated by having a more stray into extreme south Texas, on continued on pp. 113 Volume 46, Number 4 111 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 2 3 4 S 6 Antigonus erosus, new to Texas and U.S. 1. Antigonus erosus , male, dorsal, Mission, TX, 17 Oct. 04, (Knudson). 2. As 1, ventral. 3. Antigonus erosus, male, dorsal, Cd. Mante, Tamps. Mex., 12 Oct 76 (Knudson). 4. As 3, ventral. 5. Antigonus erosus , female, dor sal Gomez Farias, Tamps., Mex. , 12 Oct 1976 (Knudson). 6. As 5, ventral. Photos by Ed Knudson. See article beginning on pp. 111. Lep SOC 1004••• More photos fro m the 2004 Mary land Meeting. Left: Astrid Cald as, one of the meeting organizers, with Louise Fall (Bioquip) in the background, at th e Banquet. Center: Alan Rul tyniewi cz and Stephanie Kelly at the Smithsonian mixer. Right: Larry Gall and John Lane, also at the Smithsonian rec eption. Photos by "Ranger" Steve Mueller. Mor e photos on the back cover. 112 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Antigonus...cont'd from pp. 111 Correll D. S. & M. C. Johnston, 1970. Manual Megatimicos y Castnidos. Revista de la of the Vascular Plants of Texas, Texas Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterologia south Texas (Cor r ell & Johnston, Research Found., Renner, TX. : 1055-1059. 2(1): 15-23 . 1970). In Costa Rica, A. erosus has been Evans, W. H. , 1953. A Catalogue of the Maza R. G. de la & J. de la Maza, 1993. reared many times on G. ulmifolia, and American Hesperiidae indicating the Mariposas de Chiapas. Gobierno del Estado the larvae and pupae were illustrated classification and nomenclature adopted in de Chiapas, Mexico. 223pp. the British Museum (Natural History). Pt. Pozo, C., A. M. Luis, S. T. Uc, N. S. Salas & A. by Janzen & Hallwachs (2004) . As III. Pyrginae, Section II. London, British M. Maya, 2003. Butterflies (Papilionoidea noted by Janzen et aI, (1998), A. erosus Museum 246 pp.+ pis. 26-53. and Hesperioidea) of Calakmul, Campeche, reared from Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Godman, F. D. & O. Salvin, 1879-1901. Biologia Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist. 48 (4): are frequently parasitized by Bassus Centrali Americana. Zoologia, Insecta, 505-525. Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Vols. II,III . Dulao Salinas, J. L. G.,2003. Analisis de la Diversidad brooksi Sharkey (Braconidae), a species & Co., Bernande Quaritch, London. 782 pp. y Distribucion Geografica de loa Hesperioidea also recorded from Texas. Hoffmann, C. C., 1941. Catalogo sistematico y (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera) en Michoacan, zoogeografico de los Lepidopteros Mexicanos, Mexico. Tesis de maestro en ciencias The occurrence of Antigonus erosus in Segunda parte, Hesperioidea. Anales del biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad south Texas is not surprising and has Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F been anticipated for some time (hence Autonoma de Mexico. 12 (1) :237-294 . fix] + 101pp. its inclusion in Bordelon & Knudson Janzen, D. H. & W. Hallwachs, 2004. Stanford, R. E. & P. A. Opler, 1993. Atlas of Philosophy, navigation, and use of a Western USA Butterflies, Including Adjacent (2002). Assuming the climate remains dynamic database ("ACG Caterpillars Parts of Canada and Mexico. Published by warm and the species is able to utilize SRNP") for an inventory of the Authors, Denver and Ft. Collins, CO: 275pp. local members of the host-plant family, macrocaterpillar fauna andits foodplants Vargas, I. F, A. M. Luis, J. E. Llorente, & A. D. there is a possibility that A. erosus will and parasitoids, of the Area de Conservacion Warren, 1996. Butterflies of the state of Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica Jalisco, Mexico. Journal of the become locally established. (h ttp://J anzen.sas.upenn.edu). :Lepidopterists' Society. 50(2): 97-138. Literature cited: Janzen, D. H., M. J. Sharkey, & J. M. Burns, Warren, A.D., D.H. Hanson, E. Knudson & C. 1998. Parasitization biology of a new species Bordelon, 2003 . Achlyodes pal/ida Austin, G. T., 2000. Hesperiidae of Rondonia, of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) feeding on (Hesperiidae): a new record for the United Brazil: "Antigonus" genus group larvae of Costa Rican dry forest skippers States. News of the Lepidopterists' Society (Pyrginae), with taxonomic comments and (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae: Pyrginae). 45(4): 128-131. descriptions of new species from Brazil and Tropical Lepidoptera 9 (supp!. 2):33-41. Warren, A. D. & J. E. Llorente. 1999. Butterflies Guatemala. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Kendall R. 0., & WW McGuire, 1975. Larval of Mismaloya, Jalisco, and adjacent parts of Society 54 (1): 1-28. foodplants for twenty-one species of skippers Banderas Bay and southern Nayarit, Bailowitz R. A. & J. P.Brock, 1991. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Mexico. Mexico. Dugesiana 6(1):17-32. of Southeastern Arizona, Sonoran Bulletin of the Allyn Museum., 27 : 1-7. Warren, A. D., I. F. Vargas, A. M. Luis & J. E. Arthropod Studies Inc., Tuscon. 342pp. + 1 Llorente, J. E., A. M. Luis, I. F. Vargas & A. D. Llorente, 1998. Butterflies of the state of fig. Warren, (in press). Butterflies of the state of Colima, Mexico. Journal of the Bordelon C. & E. Knudson, 2002-2004, Nayarit, Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 52(1): 32-64. Illustrated Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Lepidopterists' Society. the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, Vol. 1: Maza R. G. de la, 1976. Notas sobre Butterflies, Texas Lepidoptera Survey pub. Lepidopteros de Rancho Viejo y Tepoztlan, 9a, Houston (private). Morelos , Mexico. Segunda parte: Hesperidos, Classic Collecting Campaigns: Toms Place Kelly M. Richers 9417 Carvalho Court, Bakersfield, CA 93311, [email protected] California is home to a variety of rugged tree covered slopes of the Sierra Bishop to the south and Mammoth different habitats, and in a few special Nevada on the west. A uniquely acces Lakes to the north. Toms Place lies at places these habitats merge together to sible spot in this range is known as the southern edge of the Long Valley form rather unique collecting areas. Toms Place. Caldera, an area of seismic and volcanic One such area lies where the Sierra The question may arise as to whether activity that most scientists agree may Nevada range merges with the desert there should be an apostrophe in the continue activity for some time in the basin and range province in areas wet name, but apparently the map location future. Just northeast is Crowley Lake, enough to support a variety of plant has no apostrophe, so that is how it will and excellent fishing streams abound in life. A long stretch of this area is known be spelled here. The source of the name the area, although they are heavily collectively as the Owens River Valley, is beyond the scope of this work. The fished and visited. and it combines beautiful vistas of location is along Route 395 between continued on next page desert scenery to the east with the Volume 46, Number 4 113 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 Toms Place...cont'd from pp. 113 historic area for Speyeria nokomis blows strongly. However, a low sheet Before you jump in your car and head apachiensis, a beautiful dimorphic will bring in interesting moths even on to Toms Place to collect butterflies or fritillary. Get a local or topo map and the windiest nights. They magically moths, remember that in this area terms avoid fenced areas wherever you can, appear, and you may never even see like "readily accessible" are relative. as they are privately owned. At the them fly in, they come so hard with the Toms Place is remote by any standard lower elevations around Bishop, such wind. At these higher elevations, more of an east coast collector, and most west as Pleasant Valley Reservoir Road, geometrids appear, as well as some coast collectors know that it will take there are areas to pull off for incredible unusual high elevation noctuids. five hours or so from a major metro desert moth collecting from September Some unique records from the area politan area like Los Angeles or San to mid October. Look along Rock Creek include: Bernardino to reach it. Collectors from itself for any swallowtail species-it might be an indra species. For microlepidopterist specialists, seven the middle part of the country or Mid different species of Lita, three Chio west know that these kinds of distances Most of the best butterfly collecting is nodes species, five species of Eucosma are not unusual, so be aware that from around the Independence Day holiday and at least three species of Diorictria, the north only the Reno area is remotely time frame to late August. Moth including D. westerlandi, recently de near, and to the east there is nothing collecting will change with elevation, scribed. In the Geometrids, Nacophora but Death Valley and more basin and temperature, and the date, but collect utahensis and N. aetha, three green range province all the way to Salt Lake ing starts in June and continues Nemoria species, (N. unitaria, N. dar City. The area is remote even by through October. Moth collecting right winata, N. oblique henneii, California standards. --....:---...;;;",------'13 several nice Dysstroma and Toms Place, which is really Hydriomena species from the only a few buildings and a higher altitudes, and at least store, lies at an elevation of seven Eupethicia species. roughly 7,200 feet (2,195m). For saturnid or noctuid However, it is just north of collectors, Phyllodesma cor the valley in which Bishop utnix, Pheosia rimosa, and in lies, and that elevation is the fall, Arachnis verna occur 5,800'(1,768m). Turning there. Two Catocala, (C. west and going up Rock erichia, C. briseis minerva) Creek Road the elevation are found, and seven Euxoa rises to well over 8,000' are present. At least three (2,438m). Therefore within a Protorthodes are in the area, range of a very few miles, one three Protogygia, and three can collect in the lower valley, Abagrotis, including A. nan near Bishop, in higher or RDn Leuschner explores a site where he has collected many times just northuiest of the store at Toms Place . Looking northuiest, with the alis are at Toms Place. And, lower desert areas to the east stream to the left. PhDtD by Kelly Rich ers. as mentioned, Schinia biun- where the White Mountains at Toms Place is usually best in one of dalata, S. walsinghami, and lie (a ll the way up to 10,000 feet S. separata come in from the desert side. (3,048m) accessible by road) and the two areas. On the sandy area just north Sierra Nevada range to the west. All of the store to the east of the store, The grassy areas around Crowley Lake these seemingly come together at Toms there is a small open space where one itself provide some flower sources for Place, just to the west of Route 395 at can set up, and collect desert species butterflies during the day, and the the north end of the grade down to such as Schinia, and find three or four creek, where accessible, provides areas Bishop. of just that genus at light in one night. which we consider flyways in the west. Across the access road from this, just Rock Creek has an upper section, by the If a person has a week to spend in the north of the store on the west side is a road, and a lower section, by the long area, get a fishing license, and find a Los Angeles Water piece of property grade down to Bishop. Hilltopping camping spot in one of the many which is open and provides a set up butterflies also will go along the road campgrounds along Rock Creek. Col place. Just north of the stream, it seems as Rock Creek Road climbs. lect during the day, and at night, and to bring in both riparian and mountain Places to stay abound. There are in the wee hours of the morning and species. just at sundown, fish for trout in the campsites, especially available week creek. Sleeping is optional. Higher on Rock Creek Road, the wind days, along Rock Creek itself. Bishop can be a major factor in collecting, as and Mammoth Lakes offer a variety of Specific locations are best for certain the valley is rather narrow and the wind target species. Round Valley is the continued on pp. 110 114 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Mailbag••• Dear Editor, Community Disposition, and Foraging Due to my continuing interest in phyto Activity), Barbara Bartell (Field Study chemicals and their potential role in of Boloria selene tolladensis in Golden butterfly diets (see my articles in News Gate Canyon State Park 2004), Lynn of the Lepidopterists' Society, 45 (3 ), Monroe (Some Butterflies and Moths of Autumn 2003, and 46 (2 ), Summer the Anza-Borrega area), and Paul Opler 2004), I was delighted to read Gerald (Sea r ch ing for Blues-Continuing Einem's recent "Attraction of male Adventures). The meeting will be held again next year at CSU in Ft Collins queen butterflies to cardenolide- and N ew Book... alkaloid-containing plants during fall in early Oct 2005. migrations " (46( 3), Autumn 2004). Einem's careful observations and Monarch Butterflies: research log in one more specie s of Saving the King of butterfly that is apparently sequester the ~ew World ing phytochemicals from the inflor escences of flowers to enhance their by Phil S chappert, 2004 . ISBN 1-55263 own metabolism-and hence, survival. 405-1 , trade paperback, 128 pp. , color Kudos! throughout, 8 x 10 (20 x 24.5 em), Key Porter Books (www.keyporter.com). With such detailed field observations Toronto, Ontario, Canada, $25 CDN coupled with increased cutting-edge quantitative/qualitative chemistry, I I did not catch all attendees, but here The rai son d 'etre of this book is that predict that we soon will discover an is the list of those pictured (from the conservation of the Monarch cannot be interplay between the world of plants left): Charles Slater, Paul Opler, Mike ensured only by efforts at the over and butterflies t hat will boggle our Fisher, Barbara Bartell, Cathy + Don wintering roosts but must include their minds . As I mentioned in one of my Cook, Chuck Harp, Lynn Monroe, breeding grounds and migratory fly papers, "for evolutionary biologists, a Deane Bowers, Jan Chu, and Steve ways. The text, wonderfully illustrated brave new world is about to dawn." Armistead.. .and I am taking the picture! with more than 50 photos and maps, Others not pictured: Mary Jamieson, explores the trials and tribulations that Gary No el Ross Jerry Bar tell, Amy Wilkinson. Monarchs must undergo during its GNR-butterfly Evi Buckner-Opler seasonal journey from the winter roosts [email protected] to its breeding range and back again. evi_bavaria@w ebaccess.net From living cathedrals in Mexico and surviving the northward journey to living in America before migrating southward again, the life of the Monarch serves as an enjoyable les son Dear Editor, in ecological con servation. Explore the The High Country Lepidopterists had mystery, complexity and beauty of the their 2004 meeting recently and I Monarch butterfly in this book. thought it would be great if you could Author's Note: While this book is include this picture and a little note available under an unauthorized title in about it . We met at CU in Boulder and th e US, I would prefer that you pur had 4 great presentations by Mary chase th e Canadian edition to ensure Jamieson (E ffect of Exotic plant, that the profits go to World Wildlife Canada Thistle, on Butterfly Diversity, Fund, Canada. Thank you. Volume 46, Number 4 115 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 Interactions Between Saturnia and Antheraea: Conver2ence or a Million Years of Stasisl Some 1I10ughts on the Evolution of Moth Pheromones Michael M. Collins Research Associate, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 11901 Miwok Path, Nevada City, CA 95959, [email protected] I've never accepted Emerson's premise basic chemical structure and closely If the two species' pheromones are that 'you murder to dissect.' With the related species are typically isolated by actually or nearly identical, does this exception at the extremes of falling in subtle differences in the mixture of the mean that the molecules arrived at this love or the making of sausages, dis pheromone bouquet and by unique state through convergent evolution, covering essential structure and func mating flight times. To be trapped the like the flying squirrels of the New tion in nature rewards the effort with polyphemus males would have to World and the sugar gliders of Aust a knowledge of nature's complexity; respond at some distance and follow the ralia, or have the pheromones remained whole phenomena can then be viewed pyri pheromone trail to the vicinity of in an evolutionary stasis since the Sa with increased reverence. IfNewton and the trap, and-according to some turnia and Antheraea lineages diverged Emerson, with their respective know models-respond to a secondary phero from a common ancestor? One approach ledge of spectra and introspection, could mone with a second set of antenna to answer this question would be to have sat down together during an receptors that initiate the slow and superimpose a phylogenetic analysis of afternoon thunderstorm, wouldn't both deliberate flight of close-range search pheromone chemistry among the have come to a better appreciation of (Tuskes, et al., 1996, pp 13-16). To act species in the Saturnia and Antheraea the ensuing rainbow? The evolution of ually become trapped they would have clades on top of a corresponding phy pheromones can be wedged into this to respond exactly as they would to a logeny based on DNA sequence data, metaphor. Understanding the under conspecific female. such as that published by Regier, et al., lying physics and chemistry of phero The next night the pyri called in an (2002). In their cladogram, Antheraea mones should not diminish the en additional eleven males. is distinctly basal to the clade composed chantment of watching luna males of Saturnia (mostly New World taxa and seeking a calling female. Checking with fellow saturniid enthu not including pyri or closely related siast Ric Peigler, I was reminded that species) and the related genera Aga This last spring I had mated a pair of Robert Bryant (1980) had witnessed the Saturniapyri, raised from eggs sent from pema, Copaxa, Perisomena, and Calig same inter-attraction in Maryland. His ula. In the absence of fossils or other France by Claude Lemaire, and decided pyri, not isolated in a cage, very sensi on a whim to cage a remaining un independent means of calibrating the bly fought off the male polyphemus and molecular clock of DNA base pair mated female and use her for bait in a differences in genitalia size prevented funnel trap. Her very distant relative, substitution, no one has been able to successful coupling. Our combined obs confidently publish the evolutionary Antheraea polyphemus, was having a ervations on both coasts (polyphemus big flight in the mid-latitude Sierra ages of these or other Lepidoptera is the only North American saturniid genera, but the split between Antheraea Nevada, and I thought perhaps if I with a continent-wide distribution) could arise in time I might see a male and Saturnia certainly must exceed 1 strongly suggest that the bouquet of million years. make a tepid pass at her on the pheromone types, their relative concen assumption the two pheromones might trations, and time of release are all In the shorter time frame of speciation, be somewhat similar. Of course I slept extremely similar or identical in the two two contrasting models of pheromone through the predawn flight period, but species. To my knowledge no one has evolution have been discussed. The checked at 6:00AM (May 1, 2004, 3000', tried the reciprocal experiment with traditional view (e.g, Carde, 1987) is Nevada Co., CA) to find nine males in female polyphemus. A search of a that the two independent systems, the the trap (see photo on p. 129). The sight pheromone database failed to find a male antenna receptor structure and of so many males, so obviously different structure for the pyri pheromone, al physiology and the female pheromone from the "exotic" female, surprised me. though the polyphemus system is well chemistry and physiology, are subject To reduce it to the essence, sex at known (a 90:10 blend of trans-6,cis-11 to stabilizing selection. Genetic vari traction in moths is all about chemistry. hexadecadienyl acetate and trans-6,cis ation causing change in one would The rule in moths is that pheromones 11-hexadecadienal; Kochansky, et al., disrupt mating and be severely selected are usually genera-specific in terms of 1975). against. A corresponding and compat- 116 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society ible change in the other sex would be change in female pheromone chemistry, pheromone variation is found to be very unlikely, given the independence of but not vice versa. Should female commonplace it would suggest that the two systems in their structure and pheromone variation exceed some limit pheromone evolution is rather labile, function and underlying developmental such that males cease to respond, making the stasis explanation for the genes. The trend for species-wide st abilizing selection would eliminate Saturnia-Anthera ea inter-attraction pheromone compatibility-a female these genotypes and the system would seems less likely than secondary con from one part of the range can call in again come into equilibrium. vergence. males from another region-is cited as Females producing novel pheromone Phylogeographic investigations of evidence for this model. mixtures are perhaps most likely to pheromone systems relate directly to Phelan (1992) presents a model based reach significant numbers in small speciation studies. How does the pat on the disparity of parental investment populations through founder effects tern of pheromone evolution compare by the two sexes in mating systems in following genetic bottlenecks or as a to patterns in other prezygotic mech moths where the female releases the result of colonization. Those males anisms or t o that of postzygotic iso pheromone. With a large investment in possessing compatible receptor sites lation (P r esgr aves, 2002)? Do differ egg production, the female remains will subsequently increase in frequency. ences in pheromones among closely relatively immobile while calling in Regional variation in the pheromone/ related species arise primarily in the males, while investing very little receptor system can arise due to this context of reproductive isolation, or energy or mass into the production of kind of intraspecific sexual selection, in through Phelan's sexual selection nanogram quantities of pheromone. contrast to interspecific reproductive model where male receptors track Her reproductive fitness is limited by character displacement, where diver pheromone divergence? resources available to her (primarily in gence is selected for the effect of re We will have to wait until funding is terms of larval nutrition, especially in ducing the frequency of unfit hybrids. more generous to do the kind of phylo saturniids), but she may exhibit mate The work on Hemileuca pheromones by genetic study I propose. One question choice by rejecting unfit males. Males Steve McElfresh (McElfr esh & Millar, would be whether there is enough com by contrast expend much energy in mate 2002 ) at U. C. Riverside tends to support plexity in the pheromone molecule to seeking, with relatively little mass and Phelan's asymmetric tracking model. clearly distinguish convergence from energy devoted to sperm production, He found considerable variation in stasis, even with sophisticated statist and maximize their reproductive within-species pheromone chemistry ical analysis. Useful variants may be success by mating with as many across a geographic range, with optimal limited by both physiological and females as possible. They need not be male response to females in their own metabolic factors. The pheromone too choosey about the females they mate population, but maintaining the ability molecule is constrained by volatility with, a phenomenon in nature familiar to respond to conspecific pheromone requirements to a relatively short car both to biologists and the general from allopatric populations. Neverthe bon chain. Most pheromones are al public. Extending this argument, Phe less, such regional differentiation in cohols, aldehydes or acetates of 15 to lan asserts that females producing novel mating physiology could be the initial 20 carbon atoms in length. Pathways pheromones, in addition to the main stages of allopatric speciation. Interest producing the pheromone are integrated components, are not selected against ingly, the geographic variation in phero with overall metabolic activity, and the because on a population level available mone chemistry and male response did evolution of entirely novel pheromone males are not often a limiting resource; not always map congruently on current types could be costly and unlikely. If male moths are persistent in mate concepts of geographic subspecies. such constraints do limit the potential seeking and can mate with more than Another important aspect of Steve's pool of pheromone candidates, then one female. Moreover, genetic variation work (McElfresh & Millar, 1999 ; Millar convergence would be more likely, and producing a variety of receptor sites & McElfresh, 1999 ) is the finding that an accurate pheromone phylogeny would be a selective advantage, and reproductive character displacement mi ght only be recovered from the probably at little developmental cost to seems to be in effect. Certain popula relatively short time span of diversifi the male. I wonder if perhaps males of tions of H. eglanterina show a pattern cation within species groups or genera. a given species also retain a sample of of geographic variation that seems to Nevertheless, in our discussions Steve ancestral receptor types as a fraction of minimize the likelihood of overlapping was confident that if enough taxa were the immense number of antennal sen the pheromone chemistry of H. nuttalli examined a phylogenetic pattern would silla. The high probability of calling in in regions where they are sympatric, emerge from an analysis of New and Old acceptable suitors means that variation whereas in other regions where only World species. His preliminary impres in male antenna physiology would not eglanterina occurs the pheromone is sion is that Old and New World saturni place selective restraints on the evo more similar to that of nuttalli. A ids differ in the types of carbon-carbon lution of female pheromone. Male an similar pattern is seen in the H. electra bonds in their pheromones, even across tenna response tracks evolutionary species group. If regional, intraspecific continued on pp . 118 Volume 46, Number 4 117 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 PheromoneS...cont 'd from p. 117 subfamilies. I wis h him and other pheromone researchers interested in Membership Update••• such evolutionary topics good luck and fortune in their funding pursuits! Julian Donahue Literature Cited Bryant, R. S. 1980. Repeated intergeneric This update includes all changes received by 7 November 2004 . attraction between indigenous and European silkmoths (Satur niidae), J. Lepid. Soc. 34: "Lost" Members Address Changes 324 . Carde, R. T. 1987. The role of pheromones in (publications returned: "temporarily (all U.S.A. unless noted otherwise). reproductive iso lation and speciat ion of insects. Pp 303-3 17 in M. D. Huettel (ed.), away," "moved," "left no address," or New addresses for the following "addressee unknown"): Evolutionary Ge netics of Invertebrate members are found in the Member Behavior. Raguso, Robert A. (Columbia, SC) ship Directory being mailed with Kochansky, J., J. Tette,E. F. Tasc henberg, R. Randall, W.A. (Hamilton, Ontario, this issue of the News. T. Carde, K. E.Kaissling & W. L. Roelofs . 1975. Sex phero mo ne of t he moth, Canada) Amarillo-Suarez, Angela R. Antheraea polyphemus. J. Insect Physiol. Villa, Roberto (Bologna, Italy) Badgero, Dwayne 21: 1977-1983 . McElfresh, S. J. & J. G. Millar. 1999. Geographic Wenzke, John J. (York, PA; Conlan, Christopher "temporarily away") variation in the sex pheromone blend of Covell, Charles v., Jr. (Dr.) Hemileuca electra from southern California. New and Reinstated Members: Coyle, Raymond J. Chemical Ecology 25: 2505-2525. Dawn, Douglas D. McElfresh , S. J. & J. G. Millar. 2002. Geographic members who ha ve joined/renewed/or variation in the pheromone system of the DeVries, Philip J . (Dr.) rescinded their requ est to be omitted sa tu r niid moth Hemileu ca eglanterina . De Benedictis, John (Dr.) since publication of th e 2002 Ecology 82: 3505 -3518 . Descimon, Henri (Dr.) Millar, J. G. & J. S. McElfresh. 1999. Variation Membership Directory (not included in Douglas, Matthew M. (Dr.) in sex pheromone systems of buck moths: a the 2002 Membership Directory; all in case for reproductive character Duarte, Marcelo U.S.A. unless noted otherwise). displacement? Oral presentation 0 -49, Forister, Matthew symposium International Society of New members are listed here b y Goodden, Robert Crane Chemical Ecology. name only; their addresses appear Gorodenski, Stanley A. (Ph.D.) Phelan, P. L. 1992. Evolution of sex in the 2004 Biennial Membership pheromones and the role of asymmetric Grinter, Chris tracking. Ch. 9, pp. 265-313, in Roitberg B. Directory that is being mailed with Harry, Jack L. D. & M. B. Isman (eds.), Insect Chemical this issue of the News. Hayden, Jim Ecology. Heddle, Mandy L. Presgraves, D. C. 2002. Patterns of postzygotic Araujo Duarte, Jose, Junior isolation in Lepidoptera. Evolution 56: 1168 Arey, Matthew D. Henderson, Lauren (Ms.) 1183. Boucher, David V. Hilton, Donald F.J. (Prof.) Regier, J. C., C. Mitter, R. S. Peigler & T. Dockx, Cristina (Ph.D.) Kaufman, Kenn Friedlander. 2002. Monophyly, composition, Kudrna, Otakar (Dr.) and relationships within Saturniidae Eastwood, Rod (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Evidence from Ferster, Betty (Ph.D.) Kuji, Ichiei two nuclear genes.Insect Syst. Evo!. 33: 9 Funk, Richard S. (D.VM.) Miller, Jacqueline Y. (Dr.) 21. Hinze, Gary J. Miller, Lee D. (Dr.) Tuskes, P. M., J. P. Tuttle & M. M. Collins. Mouw, James 1996. The Wild Silk Moths of North America. Hossler, Eric Cornell University Press. Johnson, Robert E. Nielson, Dale C. Laccone, Frank Norris, Dave Nuelle, Robert J ., III Osipov, Ilya N. (Ph.D.) Owens, Doug Pechan, Gary Roble, Steven Penz, Carla M. Schrader, James N. Pinel, Harold w Segebarth, Craig Quinter, Eric L. Segebarth, Ian Rhodes, William E.(Bill), III Segebarth, Kevin Selfridge, Jennifer Taft, William H. Simmons, Rebecca (Ph.D.) Vice, Lisa Thompson, Paul M. Wilson, W. Herbert, Jr. (Ph.D.) Winer, Adam Zhimin, Pan (Mr.) Zaspel, Jennifer M. 118 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of t he Lepidopterists' Society The Marketplace IMPORTANT NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS: If the number following your advertisement is "462" then you must renew your advertisement before the next issuel Remember that all revisions are required in writing. set. Vol 2 part I, II and III, all mint For Sale (US Only). Cocoons and ova BooksNideos condition. $175 .00 for the set. John G. of Hyalophora cecropia. Send SASE to: For Sale: Moths of North America Filiatrault, 4600 De La Fabrique, Alan M. Vosefski, 3320 Old Kirkwood North of Mexico . 20 uniformly well Laval, Quebec, H7C 1C8, Canada, 450 Dr., Virginia Beach, VA 23452, (757) bound volumes: Checklist; fasc. 5.1; 6.1; 975-8169, beaufil3 [email protected] 462 498-3168, alanv @p eoplepc.com 464 6.2; 7.1; 13.1A,B; 13.1C; 13.2A,B; 15.2; Livestock For Sale. Live pupae of Coloradia 15.3; 15.4; 18.1; 20.1; 20 .2; 21 ; 22 .2; pandora lindseyi B. & Benj. (a one-time For Sale. Captive-bred Philippine but 25.1; 26.1; 27.2; 27.3. Available only as offering) and Hemileuca eglanterina terfly pupae, year round. Imogene Rillo, set. $2000 (surface shipping included). Bdv. (coastal ssp.), both for 2005 emerg P.O. Box 2226, Manila 1099, Philip Paul R. Ehrlich, Center for Conserva ence. Frank Sala, 3493 Greenfield pines, (fax) 63 2 824-02-22, clasinse@ tion Biology, Department of Biological Place, Carmel, CA 93923, (831) 624 Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, mindgate.net 464 5677, [email protected] 464 CA 94305-5020, Ph 650-723-3171 ,Fx For Sale or Exchange. Many species For Sale (USA only): Cocoons of 650-723-5920, p [email protected] 463 Anther from Iran. Parnassius, Allancastria aea polyphemus, Callosamia promethea For Sale: But terflies by D'Abrera. All louristana, A. deyollei, Hypermnestra and Hyalophora cecropia. Ova available helios, Archon apollinaris, Antho mint condition. Neotropical Region Vol in spring. Send SASE to Karl Ploran, 3 part I (near mint), Vol 3 part III, also charis, Euchloe, Zegris, Colotis, Colias, 110 Route 20, Chester, MA 01011 -9642 Melitaea cast, M. consulis, M. arduin Vol 3 part IV and Vol 3 part V $ 120.00 or call (413) 354-7852 any evening, 6 each. Claude Lemaire: Attacidae of na, Coenonympha, Hypolephele, Er 9pm Eastern time. 463 Ame ric a Vol 1, 2, and 3, mint ebia, Melanagia, Satyrus, Agrodiaetus condition, $50.00 each. Haugum, J. and and others. Want S. Amer. and Mr. sp. Specimens A. M. Low: Mon ograph of t h e Bird Ahmad Karbalaye, P. 0. Box 11495-175, For Sale: Wide selection of insects from wing Butterflies, Vol 1 Part I, II, and Tehran, Iran, Tel&Fax: 0098-21 the whole world. 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Shipping of agricul not be accepted because they jeopardize our Disputes arising from such notices must be re- tural weeds across borders is often restricted. nonprofit status. Volume 46, Number 4 119 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46 , Number 4 Hostplants ofthe Moth and Butterfly Caterpillars ofAmerica North ofMexico Get in the Swing of Things by Gaden Robinson, Phillip Ackery, Ian with a Societj T-Shirt! Kitching, George Beccaloni, and Luis Hernandez High Quality, 100% cotton, generous Memoirs of the American Entomologi length, pre-shrunk, proudly displaying cal Institute 69 [2002; 824 pp.; ISBN 1 a 7-inch (18cm) diameter Society logo 887988-13-0]; $58 (+$5 s&h w/in USA) on the front. Have you noticed that the butterfly design of the logo is a pair of - The most complete treatment of Lepidoptera mirror-imaged stylized initials (" LS") hostplant data ever developed for a continental of our Society? area, covering the USA and Canada. - Includes both Macro- and Microlepidoptera Available in four adult sizes (sma ll, with hostplant records for 5650 species. medium, large and extra large) in either - Compiled from 55,000 database records. Papilio glaucus yellow (with black logo) - Indices ofhostplants for each caterpillar sp. or Melanchroia chephise (n avy) blue - Index ofatypical host categories. (wit h white logo) for only $10 each, - Taxonomic index of Lepidoptera species- group names gives current generic placement plus postage ($4 for first shirt, $2 for - Index ofincluded plant genera. each additional shirt within the U.S. or - Supersedes and adds considerably to the out- to Canada). of-print index by Tietz (1972) that covers just the Macrolepidoptera. Please indicate quantity, color and size desired and send, along with your check Order from: drawn on a U.S. Bank, in U.S. funds, American Entomological Institute to: th 3005 SW 56 Avenue Kelly Richers, Gainesville, FL 32608-5047 Treasurer, The Lepidopterists' Society 9417 Carvalho Court, Telephone/fax : (352)377-6458 Bakersfield, CA 93311-1846 e-mail : [email protected] U.S.A. US and Canadian customers may pay by check or money order; payment is to "American Entomological Institute." A complete listing ofthe Institute 's entomo lucretius, N metharme metharme and For info contact; Leroy C. Koehn, 202 logical publications is at www .amentinst.org Eueides lampeto lampeto. People who Redding Road, Georgetown, KY 40324 Catalogs and revisions are available for have collected in Rondonia, Brazil, e.g. 2622; Tel: 502-570-9123; Leptraps@ parasitoid wasps, ants, mosquitoes , Tom Emmel trips, might have any or all aol.com 462 Homoptera, antlions, and other insects of these forms. I am willing to trade or Bait Traps, 15" Diameter, 36 " tall purchase. Ronald Flaspohler, 504 Glen collapsible traps with cloth top and dale, Parchment, MI 49004, (269) 345 plastic coated nylon screen and sup Marketplace...cont.d from 119 4653, flaspohler @wmich.edu 463 ported with 3/16 steel rings. A plywood to obtain species. More than 6000 Equipment platform is suspended with eye bolts and S-hooks. The bait container is held in species in the price list. Great inform Light Traps, 12 volt DC or 110 volt AC place by a retainer. Three types are ation database for butterflies of Europe with 18 inch length (15 & 25 Watt) and available: Flat Bottom, Invert funnel and Asia. All information at: www.rus 24 inch length (20 & 40 Watt). All with and Tropical. For info contact; Leroy ineects.com . Dr. Ilya N. Osipov, 301 365 Quantum black light bulbs. Also C. Koehn, 202 Redding Road, Heights La., Apt. 51C, Feasterville, PA available with ballast enclosed in Georgetown, KY 40324-2622; Tel: 502 19053, Tel/Fax: (215)-354-9287, weather tight cast aluminum enclosure 570-9123; Leptraps @a ol.com 462 [email protected] 463 and flourescent bulbs in clear shatter Wanted: the following subspecies of proof tube. Rigid vane assembly of Heliconius, Naruda and Eueides: H. stainless steel, aluminum or plexiglass. eleuatus aquilina, H. ethilla jaruensis, Portable, easy to use, with rain drains H. ethilla eucoma, Naruda aoede and beetle screens to protect specimens. 120 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society From the Editor's Desk Phil Schappert Well, folks? This issue marks the 32nd_ but wouldn't you like to see some new another, together with continuing (and and finishes the 8th volume-that I have ideas, perhaps a new layout, maybe expanding) a phytochemical research edited and produced since taking over some new columns. I know I would! program, and teaching and under the editorship from the Minno's back It 's not that I don 't have lots of ideas graduate mentoring demands taking in 1997 (Volume 39). For those of you (design and otherwise), just that I no more and more of my time. doing mental addition, that puts me at longer have time to even think about Yeah, I know it sounds like a sob story nd rd the end of the 2 year of my 3 3-year implementing them. Situations change but, to be succint, I just don't have the term as editor. (or should I say "evolve"?) and mine time to give anymore. I hope that some I don't know about you but I'm getting certainly has. Those 8 years have seen enterprising member will read the below pretty tired of me . the completion of my PhD in Canada, and respond to it. I'm committed to I think that it's time for some new a major move to Texas, two (count 'em, finishing this three year term (that is, rd t h blood. It's not that I don 't enjoy doing two) books-with a 3 and 4 in one more volume of 4 issues) but after the News ('cause I do, especially the planning-and now a position that I'd like to enjoy just reading the interaction that I have with most of the managing one 208 acre biology station News. I'd love some assistance for Vol. authors that regularly submit items) and assuming administration of 47 and would welcome your help... Phil N ews Editor Search... Associate/Future Editor Needed for News The current Editor of the News of the processing software, and willingness to file, together with all necessary source Lepidopterists' Society is in the learn. You will need to own a recent files and fonts, is then sent to the middle of his third three year term as good quality (fast) computer (a 19" or commercial printer. Editor and feels that it is about time to larger monitor is recommended and you Time commitments vary from issue to pass the torch to someone new. The will also need a decent color printer and issue but each issue generally takes 5 Society is seeking a volunteer Associate access to flatbed and slide scanners) 10 days to complete. The Editor is Editor to assist the current Editor for and have access to a fast internet responsible for 4 issues per year, plus a Volume 47-with the intent that the connection. Needed software includes cover for the SS supplement(s). The Associate assume the Editorship for typical word processing (e.g. Word), Supplements (SS each year and MD in Volumes 48-50, a three year term-as high-end graphics (e.g. PhotoShop), even-numbered years) are edited by a means of easing the transfer of duties scanning engines (e.g. OCR, slide or others. Actual "real" editing is mini from one Editor to another. photo), additional output options (e.g. mal, mostly correcting spellirig/Ian Editing the News is an excellent way to Acrobat), and emaillFTP applications. guage use and ascertaining that submis become active in your Society. Suitable Typical work-flow has submissions sions are suitable for the News. Most candidates might include graduate (arriving on disk, via email, or written of the time involvment derives from the students (the current editor suggests submissions needing scanning or key use of color and photo/graphic ele that doing the News is a great way to boarding) being edited and formatted in ments, reformatting submissions get to know the "deans" of lepidopter Word, photos or graphics being scanned (which invariably arrive overly-format ology), motivated amateurs with an and/or processed in Photoshop, and ted), and correspondence. Some soft interest in computers, or professionals then the component parts are assembled ware (e.g. PageMaker) may be provided that need to "get back in the trenches." in PageMaker (any high-end DTP pro by the Society. Needed skills include the ability to gram will work). Final resizing and Interested applicants should contact the communicate effectively, knowledge of color conversions of photos are done in current Editor or President to volun computers, graphics, DTp, and word PhotoShop. The finished publication teer. Volume 46, Number 4 121 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 New Species from Mt. Roraima Steve Fratello 11 First St., w Islip, NY 11795 During the course of a number of there have been a small number of to these places, unresolved systematics expeditions to learn about the virtually scientific and climbing expeditions to of their groups (especially true of unexplored butterfly fauna of Guyana's this side in the past. Though none of Euptychia), etc. As one who strongly montane regions, much of interest has these expeditions were solely lepido believes the butterflies (and knowledge been discovered including a number of ptera expeditions, some important con of their existence) are paramount and species new to science. While the author tributions to understanding the tepui extensive scientific knowledge about of this article explored the Iwokrama butterfly fauna were made with the them of secondary importance; I Mts. (see News of the Lepidopterists' specimens collected. The Venezuela side happily share these exciting discoveries Society, 45(4): 109-111,116-121), Romeo has an easier (though not easy) access, with our members, especially as they Williams, a Guyanese national and in their even being a tourist route to the are presented in a faunal context. dispensable team member of previous summit. Though I know a number of Following from what was written in the montane expeditions, did some limited exciting discoveries have come from the first reason, especially to the lack of collecting while a member of a Smith Venezuelan side, I am not familiar with adequate interest in lepidoptera explor sonian ornithology expedition to the the extent of the exploration on that ation of the tepuis, is the second reason Guyana side of Mt. Roraima (2772m) in side. I have no knowledge as to whether for this manuscript: that it may inspire Mar/Apr 2001. Helping Romeo in this the Brazilian side has been explored some young lepidopterists to continue collecting effort were Wiltshire Hinds, scientifically. Though my knowledge of the quest and further explore these a University of Guyana biology student Mt. Roraima's exploration and fauna is remote and spectacular mountains. I at the time, and Chris Milensky, sketchy, it is plainly obvious from the don't want anyone to quit their Museum Specialist for the Smithson results of this latest expedition, how computers and erudite study, just put ian's Division of Birds. Though well much more work needs to be done even them aside for a while and spend more less than 100 specimens of butterflies on this famous and 'relatively' well time in the 'wild'. What awaits you is and moths were collected, this small explored tepui. trips and scenery never to be forgotten yield provided very exciting results: a The question may arise, why figure and and many amazing discoveries! Remem male and female of a new Oxeoschistus write about these butterflies before they ber, the butterflies in this manuscript Butler sp.(pronophiline satyrine), and are officially described in a scientific came from less than 100 specimens two species, a Euptychia Hubner sp. journal? I will answer with what I be collected from an expedition that (satyrine) and Brevianta sp. (thecline lieve are very satisfactory answers. explored one tiny corner of a huge tepui hairstreak), that are probably new First, it will give this Society, some of massif: Mt. Roraima, most famous of all species but await further study. the people most interested in the sub tepuis and explored to some extent Mt, Roraima is in the Guiana High ject, a glimpse into a largely unknown previously! lands, a large region of mountainous fauna. The Oxeoschistus species is being The third, but certainly not least, tablelands predominantly in south described by pronophiline expert reason is to honor and give credit to my eastern Venezuela, but also occurring Tomasz Pyrcz-Oxeoschistus n . sp. friend Romeo Williams for heading the in adjoining areas of Guyana and (Pyrcz & Fratello, in press). Though lepidoptera collecting effort on Mt. northern Brazil. This area is also called this manuscript should be published in Roraima while I was in the Iwokrama the Pantepui region for the tepuis, our journal in the not too distant fu Mts. That I asked Romeo to do this which are its most prominent geological ture, the excellent color figures in the collecting in no way diminishes the feature. Tepui is an AmerIndian word present manuscript will provide our credit he is due. On a more recent for the sheer-sided table mountains, membership another opportunity to see (2002) ant expedition to Mt . Ayanganna which are composed largely of this exciting discovery. As for the Eupty (ca . 2050m), Romeo collected lepido sandstone layers. Mt. Roraima is chia and Brevianta specimens, it could ptera of his own accord. The results perhaps the most famous tepui and its be many years before they are figured. included 3 males of a spectacular new sides and summit are shared by three The reasons for this are many: lack of riodinid known only from 4 females we nations: Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil. other specimens, remoteness and dif had collected previously on Mt. Though the Guyana side (Fig. 1, 2 on ficulty of access to get more specimens, Ayanganna, plus, another spectacular pp. 125) is remote and difficult to access, lack of interest in lepidopterists to go 122 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society new riodinid species! On these two though its facies seem to indicate a greenish-blue, more greenish in B . expeditions, on all our joint montane close relationship. If this species is a undulella. I strongly believe that the expeditions, on botany, ornithology and true Euptychia, it is the darkest of any purplish-blue color of this new hair other scientific expeditions, Romeo's species I have seen. The dark brown streak is a true color and was not navigation and bush skills, his collect upperside is matched in darkness of caused by a change in the reflective pro ing efforts, his work ethic and deter ground color only by one of the new/ perties of the structural scales during mination have all contributed greatly undescribed species close to E. picea. In the preparation/spreading process. to a much better understanding of the both of these species only the marginal Though there is some variability in the biota of Guyana's hinterlands. If I could underside markings show through on white underside markings of B . un have found the same explorer spirit and the upperside. In other species of dulata and B. undulella, when looked determination in some of our museum Euptychia, the wings are more trans at in series, subtle differences between and other institution 'leaders', as found lucent with the median bands also the species can be discerned. Subtle in my 'bushman' friend, the montane showing through, often prominently. differences can also be discerned in this regions of Guyana would be much less The ground color on the underside is regard between the Mt. Roraima speci of an entomological blank spot than darker than on other Guyana species men and the other two species' females. they are at present. or any Euptychia species I am aware of. One facies difference of note between the Having been part of two tepui exped A very notable feature of the underside Mt. Roraima specimen and the other itions in Guyana, Mt. Wokomong (ca. pattern is that the HW and FW mar two species occurs with the FW median 1675m) and Mt. Ayanganna, with no ginal line (not submarginal band) is white band in the cell between veins pronophilines collected or definitively very prominent and undulate, differing Cu2 and 1A+2A (modified Comstock seen; it was with great elation that I markedly from other Euptychia species. system). In all Smithsonian specimens first saw the male and female of the new In the other Euptychia species with an of B . undulata and B. undulella, the Oxeoschistus species (Fig. 3-6, pp. 125) undulate marginal line, it is much nar band exhibits a chevron with the tip taken on Mt. Roraima. Andrew Neild, rower and less prominent. The dark me pointing basally in this cell, especially expert on Venezuelan and northern S. dian bands are also narrower (especially prominent in B. undulata. This can be American butterflies, and Tomasz have the more basal of the two) than on other easily seen in Bernard D' Abrera's both verified that Oxeoschistus was brown Euptychia species and the HW Neotropicallycaenid volume (pg. 1129), unknown in the Pantepui region before tornal ocellus is smaller than on most though if the specimen shown is B . this discovery. This new species can be other brown species. undulata and not B. undulella, the easily separated from all its congeners After examining the Smithsonian's locality given (Ecuador, ? loc.) could be by the extremely irregular inner magnificent Neotropical hairsteak col mistaken or the specimen could have margin of the FW orange median band, lection, it is easy to see that this Mt . been taken in western Ecuador. That marked by two large, dark dentate Roraima hairstreak is a very close the Mt. Roraima specimen's band lacks intrusions. Excellent photos of most of relative of two very similar species: the prominent chevron shape in that the known taxa (includin g Dioreste Brevianta undulata Hewitson and Breo cell is easily seen in the photo here. The Thieme, now included in Oxeoschistus ianta undulella Strand. Both species are median band is also more uniform in following Lamas et al. (in press)) can well represented in the Smithsonian the Mt. Roraima specimen, especially be seen in Bernard D'Abrera's Neo collection: B. undulata from west of the compared to B. undulata. The Smith tropical satyrine volume (pg. 808-812). Andes in the mountains of Costa Rica sonian Ecuadorian B. undulella also Tomasz discusses this new species in and Panama (premont ane/lower mon have a more uniform median band but depth in the future manuscript. tane), B. undulella from east of the still show the chevron in the above The genus Euptychia (in the strict Andes-east slope of the Ecuadorian mentioned cell. sense) has yielded some exciting dis Andes (probably to be found also, if not If B. undulata and B. undulella are coveries from our Guyana montane already, in Columbia) and the Cordillera considered separate species as they are expeditions including a number of new/ de Costa (most specimens) and Andes in the Smithsonian, it is logical and undescribed species: good series of two of Venezuela (premontane/lower mon consistent to consider the Mt. Roraima species close to E. picea Butler, three tane). The females (and males) of these specimen as a separate species also, specimens of a very unique phenotype two species resemble each other very especially considering its facies differ (collected previously by Andrew Neild closely with only subtle facies differ more from the other two species than in southern Venezuela) from the Acarai ences. The Mt . Roraima female (Fig. 9, they do from each other. Though I Mts. that may not belong to Euptychia 10, pp . 125) has some marked differ neglected to take notes on the subject, and this single unique specimen (Fig. ences from these two species. It is pur I remember the males of B. undulata 7, 8, pp . 125) from Mt . Roraima. This plish-blue on the upperside, especially and B. undulella also having subtle species will also need further study to on the FW The females (wit hou t ex facies differences: the width of the thin ascertain if it is a 'true' Euptychia, ception) of the other two species are black margin on the dorsal FW and the Volume 46, Number 4 123 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 appearance of the androconial patch on in this manuscript, please contact the Sandbur...continued from pp . 127 the dorsal FW I assume that the male author and I will include it in a future that are being sought by these butter tepui Brevianta sp., when discovered, manuscript. flies. In particular, a wide variety of will show more significant differences. Acknowledgements alkaloids, including caffeine (Bogo & Future study should show, at the least, Mantle, 2000 ) and many ergot specific Memb ers of th e Smithsonian In stitution three geographically isolated races: B. compounds (including ergocornine, undulata and B. undulella separated by Division of Birds graciously allowed Lepido ptera collecting on their Mt. Roraima exped ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergosine and the northern Andean highlands and B. ition. Chris Milensky, Mu seum Specialist, ergotamine; Pazoutova, 2002) are undulella separated from the tepui help ed in th e collecting and made sure th e known chemical products of Claviceps specimens and data got back to th e Smith Brevianta by the extensive Orinoco low sp . lands. Or if the present taxonomy is sonian Dept. of Entomology. We in th e Lepidoptera community should all be thankful Perhaps the grasses or their fungi also maintained, there would be three very for his ti me and effort . My fr iend Rom eo closely related allopatric species-a Williams and Wiltshire Hinds did the bulk of produce PAs? Or the butterflies per superspecies. The taxonomic status of the collecting and thanks to Romeo again for ceive the produced alkaloids as PAs? Or these hairstreaks must be left to the one more superb effor t. My fri end Andrew perhaps the butterflies may utilize them N eild and Tomasz Pyrcz, with thei r great as-or in place of-these compounds? experts. kn owledge, gave a biogeographic perspective But why did Mestra amymone seek What is certain is that this hairstreak to th e discovery of th e new Oxeoschistus species. Dr. Scott Miller, then Director of the them? Are Mestra sp. known PA users? and the two satyrines are exciting Smithsonian Dept. of Entomology, generously As per usual, one interesting problem discoveries from one of the least all owed Smithsonian staff tim e and often begets a whole bunch... ah, a equipment for the specimen photos. Patricia explored regions in the world. Beyond phyto-chemist's work is never done! sharing the enjoyment of these Gentili-Poole, Mu seum Sp eciali st, once again took th e excelle n t digital photos of th e discoveries, if this small manuscript specimens. The awesome Mt. Roraima photos Literature Cited excites further exploration of the were taken and provided by Chri s Milensky. Bogo, A. and P. G. Mantle (2000). Caffeine: fantastic Pantepui, it will have served And our awesome God has blessed us wi th al so a fungal metabolite. Phytochemistry a dual purpose. Continuing this dual the majesty of his Works. 54:937-939. Clay, K. (l990). Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. purpose will be the next manuscript on Literature Cited Ann . Rev. Eco!' Syst . 21: 275-297. butterflies of Guyana montane r e D'Abrera, B. 1988. Butterflies of the Neotropical Einem, G. E. (2004). Attraction of male Queen gions-up to six new/undescribed (two Region, Part V. Nymphalidae (Conc.) & mutterflies to cardenolide- and alkaloid collected previously in different locales Satyridae. Victoria: Hill House. Pp. 808-812. containing plants during fall migrations. in D'Abrera, B. 1995. Butterflies of the Neotropical News Lepid. Soc. 46: 94-97. the Guyana Pantepui) riodinids from McKinney, K. K. and N. L. Fowler (1991). one tepui, Mt. Ayangannna, a couple/ Region, Part VII. Lycaenidae. Victoria: Hill House. Pg. 1129. Genetic adaptations to grazing and mowing few with very u nique phenotypes. If Lamas, G., Viloria, A. L. & Pyrcz, T. W. (in in the unpalatable grass Cenchrus incertus . anyone has further knowledge (i.e., press ). Sub-tribe Pronophilini,(Ed. G. Oecologia 88: 238-242 . pertaining to the new Euptychia and Lamas). Check List of Neotropical Pa zoutova, S. (2002). Evolutionary strategy Butterflies. Tropical Lepidoptera of Claviceps. In: Clavicipitalean Fungi: Brevianta species) on what was written (Gaines ville). Evolutionary Biology, Chemistry, Biocontrol and Cultural Impacts. White J.F., Bacon C.w., Announcement... Hywel-Jones N.L. (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel , pp.329-354 . Ramirez, R. G., G. F.W. Haenlein, C. G. Garcia Basic Techniques for Observing Ca stillo, M. A. Nunez-Gonzalez (2004). Protein, lignin and mineral contents and in and StUdying Moths &Butterflies situ dry matter digestibility of native Mexican grasses consumed by range goats. Small by William D. Winter. Ruminant Research 52: 261-269. Lep. Soc. Memoir #5 is a 350-page book (with San Martin, F.,Lavin , P.,Garcia, A., and Garcia, 82 pages of Appendices) packed with information G. (1997). Estados anamorficos de Claviceps !l(Jllsfr r illg I1fhf 5tudyillg africana y Claviceps fusiformis for study of Lepidoptera. Both beginners and Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae asociados a experienced students of Lepidoptera will find diferentes pastos en this book to be a valuable reference. Tamaulipas Mexico. Rev. Mex. Mico!' 13: 52 57. [In Spanish] To get your copy, send check or Money Order USDA-NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database for $29 .00 (Members), $44 .00 (Non-members), (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data postpaid (Canada and Mexico add $6.00; other Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. countries add $10 .00 ), made payable to "The Lepidopterists' Society," to : Mo ths& ButterO ies Ken Bliss, Publications Mgr. 28 DuPont Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 124 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society 3 s 4 6 New Species from Mt. Roraima••• 1. NE slope of Mt . Roraima taken from approx. 1450m. 2 . NE slope of Mt. Roraima taken from clearing at 1300m. 7 9 3. Oxeoschistus n. sp . (Pyrcz & Fra- tello, in press), Male, Upperside, 1300m. 4. Same as 3, Underside. 5. Oxeoschistus n. sp. (Pyrcz & Fratello, in press), Female, Upperside, 1300m. 6. Same as 5, Underside. Euptychia sp., Ma le, Upperside, 800m. 8. Same as 7, Underside. 9. Brevianta sp., Female, Upperside, 1300m. 10 . Same as 9, Underside. Photos 1, 2 by Chris Milen- 8 sky, all others by Patricia Gentili-Poole. 10 New Butterflies & Moths at the Stengl "Lost Pines" Biological Station 1. Below left: Urbanus dorantes (10/31/04); Below center: Melanchroia chep hise (11/06/04); Below right : Chlo rost rymon. simaethis (11/8/04); Front Cover: Horama panthalon texana (11/06/04). Photos by Phil Schappert. Volume 46, Number 4 125 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Num ber 4 Strange Attractors: Coastal Sandbur, cenchrus spinifex (Poaceae) Ph il Schappert Stengl "Lost Pines " B iological S tation, University of Texa s, 401 Old Antioch Rd., S m ithville, TX 78957, philjstiinnail.utexae.edu Butterflies "doing things" have always yourself lucky. The burs are like some apparent that it was probing the surface attracted me far more than the-in my thing out of a mediaeval nightmare (or possibly the in ter ior) of the burs view-simplistic expedi ency of assembl 1/4" (6mm) diameter miniature models themselves. What the attraction was is ing a list of species seen . In fact, it has of the business end of a mace. To say a puzzle, but amidst all of the other become something of an amusement they're painful is an understatement. puzzles that I encounter on an almost t hat, after publishing two books on daily basis, it was all too quickly butterflies, people that I meet in the field for gotten. It is important to note, are startled when I ask "what's that?" however, that I have not forgotten the "Well, don't you know?" they always hour that it took to remove all of the ask, "after all, aren't you the expert?" burs from the lower half of my body At about this point I launch into my (and I even t ua lly ended up just us ual explanation that, like a cat, I'm discarding my net bag as irretrievably attracted to movem ent and hav e damaged). Pat will be ha ppy to tell you become more of a beh avior watcher as th at I "turn ed the air blu e" with all my a consequence. "Thus, " I explain (I fussi ng and cussing. really do talk thusly), "I only really care Burs and seeds of Cenc hrus. From US DA Fl ash forward now to No vember 9, about what it is after it does something NRCS PLANTS Database/Hitchcock, A S. (rev. A Chase). 1950. Manual of th e grasses of the 2004. Once again the grassburs have interesting." This is often followed by Un ite d States. US DA Mi sc. Pubi. N o. 200. t aken possession of the northwest quizzical frowns or polite nods of not Wash ington, DC. corner of the station house yard. Both really-understanding. of our dogs are smart enough (but then On November 15, 2003 , I watched and They catch in anyt hing and Au stralian Shepherds are not known photographed a butterfly "doing some everything-fingers, toes and other for being dumb dogs) to avoid the area thing" that I thought was quite inter exposed skin included-and are even a tasty treat is not enough to esting . Actually, it was more along the something of a fa ll hazard to all and overcome the trepidation that th ey have lines of perplexing but you get the idea . sundry through much of the southern for that end of the yard-but at least Now, I have to say right off that the U.S.(see distribution map). one of their owne rs is, ap parently, reason I was attracted to this particular The odd t hing about this encounter pretty stupid (but, I' m getting ahead of butterfly is that it was a very unusual with the Mestra was that it appeared myself). butterfly at the Stengl "Lost Pines" to be specifically seeking-out the Thi s fall season has been an eye-opener Biological Station near Smithville in spikelets of the grass burs. When I because we've had quite a number of central Texas. It was only the second event ually got close enough to get a new cou nty records and new Station Mestra or bagwing, Mestra amymone decent photo (see pp. 128) it was readily records of southern species being found (Nymphalidae), that I had seen here in in t he last weeks of October and 7 years although, notably, another two through the pa st weekend. Included were seen the same day as this one . It among these have been Lan tana Scrub was actually quite an annoying sighting Hairstreak, Strymori bazochii; Silver because it was flying about in a field of banded Hairstreak, Chlorostrymon coastal or field sandbu r (grass bu r), simaethis (see pp. 125); Soldier, Danaus Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (for me r ly C. erisim us ; White-patched Skipper or incertus M. A. Curtis but al so now Duskywing, Chiomara georgina; and an including Cenchrus paruiceps Shinners c=:J Alaska influx of previously known (but not at and Cenchru.s pauciflorus Benth., c=:J Hawai c:::J Puerto RIco all common) species like Dorantes USDA-NRCS (2004», (Poaceae) . c=:J Vrg,n IsI....os Longtail, Urbanus dorantes (see pp . Distribution of Ce n chrus spini fe x in the If you 've not had occasion to know this United States. From plants.usda.gov/ 125); Wh ite-striped Longtail, Chiodes pa r t icularl y nasty grass t hen count cgi_bin/plant_profile.cgi?symbol=CESP4 catillu.s; and Sickle -winged Skipper, 126 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Eantis tamenund. Not to be excluded, Einem (2004), was that one of them was in the gardens (of note is that at this even some of the day-flying moths have a female (see photos on pp. 128). Of note time last year I was in danger of losing been new and/or unusual, including is that the photos were remarkably easy the garden milkweeds to Queen cater Melonworm Moth, Diaphania hyalinata to obtain because the butterflies seemed pillars). Also, a number of potential PA and new county records for Texas Wasp inured to disturbance, that is the task (pyr rolizidine alkaloid) sources, Moth, Horama panthalon texana (see at hand, so to speak, was more including Heliotropium indicum (Bor Front Cover) and White-tipped Black, important than the looming vertebrate aginaceae), Conoclinum (Eupatorium) Melanchroia chephise (see pp. 125). The with the big black camera. Whatever is greggii and Ageratina (E upatoriu m) common name of the last doesn't do this going on here is not, apparently, related havanense (Compositae), are in bloom lovely little moth any justice--it would to male-only acquisition of pheromone in the butterfly gardens. be much better to call it the White precursors as discussed by Einem, nor Two of the Queens (both of the males) tipped "Deep Royal Blue. " does it seem to involve migrating were still performing the same "flit, sit The recent sighting of Soldiers at the Queens but the usual build-up of fall and probe" ritual on the spikelets at 3 Station (at least 2 different individuals residents common here at the Station pm that day and the following day, over more than two weeks-in fact , this every year. The recent influx of south November l O'", one of the two males past Saturday we had, for the first time ern species at the Station, including was present again through most of the ever, all three Texas Danaids (4 Mon Soldiers, suggests that just the opposite afternoon (at least from 2 through 4 archs, a soldier and a few Queens) here is happening: these Queens may be pm). Unlike the day before, however, together) have made me somewhat "starved" for resources in the south and when I tried to photograph the behavior sensitive to large brown-orange butter have been forced to seek elsewhere. the butterfly was pretty flighty, flies. So I had to go and investigate the disturbing easily, and at one point Danaid that I saw a bit before lOam nectaring at the nearby Lantana. Still, yesterday morning out the north-facing it returned to its task with alacrity and kitchen window. The stupid (bu t also not a little persistence. serendipitous) thing is that I could have A preliminary literature search has used my binoculars from the window to turned up a remarkable dearth of determine that it was a Queen and then information on the phytochemistry of just gone back to the computer to work grasses in the genus Cenchru.s. on the Winter issue of the News, but, Ramirez, et al. , (2004) report that C. no, instead I grabbed my camera and incertus (a. k.a . C. spinifex) has very headed out there-in my sweats and high levels of Phosphorus, Magnesium sandals-to investigate. What can I and Potassium but that it is un say? Even walking into a field of remarkable in the other 6 trace sandbur was more enticing than going minerals tested. Much of the Cenchrus back to sit at the computer. literature is devoted to buffelgrass, C. To my surprise, it was a male Queen, ciliaris (see, for example, Light, et al., Danaus gilippus (of the usual south 2002 ), and its use as fodder for range western strigosus variety) doing exactly animals, or, as in McKinney & Fowler what the Mestra had done the year (1991), is devoted to the adverse effects before: probing the spikelet and burs of the burs of C. incertuslspinifex on with its proboscis for who knows what. grazers. I took some photos, thinking "ah hal A far-more intriguing line of investi Now I have something to fill that empty gation might be the occurrence of plate!" (even out in that "field of endophytic fungi-and their chemical nightmares" it seemd that I couldn't Spikel et of Coastal S an dbu r, Ce n ch r us spin ifex. Ph oto by La rry A llain @ USDA products-in these burs. For example, escape the task awaiting me), and came NRCS PLANTS Database. San Martin, et al ., (1997) report that back inside. An hour later, the butterfly tropical ergot, Claviceps fusiformis , was still there, presumably doing the Intriguingly, there is foliage of young milkweeds (Asclep ias oenotheroides) infects Cenchrus grasses in geo same thing it had been doing previously, graphically-nearby Tamaulipas, Mexico. but then I noticed that there were now present among the sandbur and at times I watched both sexes visit grass Fungal endophytes of grasses, in three of them! This was fast becoming cluding Claviceps sp., have complex a real conundrum.. . spikes directly over or immediately adjacent to potential host plants (see chemistries (Clay, 1990, Pazoutova, Even more surprising to me, and with photos on pp. 128) while two varieties 2002 ) that may provide the resources respect to the recent article by J erry of Asclepias currasauica are available continued on pp. 124 Volume 46, Number 4 127 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volum e 46, Number 4 Coastal Sandbur: Astrange attractor for butferflies... 1. Mestra amymone, 15/X1/03, probing burs of Cenchrus spinifex at the Sten gl "Lost Pines" Biology Station (SLP) . 2. Male Queen, Danaus gilippus strigosus, probing burs in the SLP yard on 9/XIj 04. 3. Male (lower) and female (upper) Queens visiting sa ndburs, l1am, 9/XIj 04. Note the foliage of Asclepias oenoth eroides at center right. 4. Close-up of female Queen probing burs. 5. Second male exploring burs, 11am, 9/X1/04. 6. Male Queen at burs, 3 pm, 10/X1/04. All photos by Phil Schappert. See the article beginning on pp. 126. 128 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society A Picture that Inspires Thoughts on the Evolution of Moth Pheromones••• (Left) An un-mated female Saturnia pyri, raised from eggs sent from France by Claude Lemaire, used as bait in a funnel trap. At 6:00am, May 1, 2004 (3000', Nevada Co., CA), there were nine male Antheraea polyphemus in the trap. The author writes, "The sight of so many males, so obviously different from the "exotic" female, surprised me." Photo by Michael M. Collins. See his account and speculations about the implications of this event beginning on pp. 116. A Hot Day in the Field••• (Below) Another page from Liam O'Brien's notebook about participating in the 5th Annual N.A.B.A. 4th of July Butterfly Count at Pinnacles National Monument, San Benito Co., CA. Amongst other things, Liam learned the true meaning of the word "xeric." Looking to one day publish his notebook artwork, Liam writes that he is "collecting magazine rejections like badges of honor." Most respondents tell him that his work is "just a little too dark and edgy" but Liam believes it's important to include people in the picture and that nature art should be an "in-your-face, slam dance assault on the senses. Nature + Humans + Bugs = Chaos." Volume 46, Number 4 129 News of the Lepidopterists' Societ y Volume 46, Numbe r 4 Membership Our Mailing Listl Submission Guidelines The Lepidopterists' Society is open to Contact Julian Donahue for informa for the News membership from anyone interested in tion on mailing list rental. Submissions are always welcome! any aspect of lepid opterology. The only Preference is given to articles written crite rion for membership is that you ap Missed or Defective for a non -technical but knowledgable preciate butterflies or moths! To become Issuel audience, illustrated and succinct a memb er, please send full dues for the (u nder 1,000 words). 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Additional information on member Send book reviews or new book releases Submission Deadlines ship and ot he r aspects of the Society for the Journal to: Material for Volume 4 7 must reach can be obtained from the Secretary (see the Editor by the following dates: address insid e bac k cover). P. J . DeVr ies, Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Issue Date Due Change of Addressl New Orlean s, New Orl eans, LA 70148 , 1 Spring Feb. 18, 2005 [email protected] 2 Summer May 20,2005 Please send perman en t changes of ad- 3 Autumn Aug. 19, 2005 dr ess, telephone numbers, areas of in- Send book reviews or new book releases 4 Winter Oct . 28, 2004 terest, or e-mail addresses to : for the News to the News Editor: Reports for Supplement Sl, the Sea Julian P. Donah ue, Assistan t Secre tary, son Summary, must reach the respec The Lepidopterists' Society, WebMaster tive Zone Coordinator (see most re Natural Hist ory Muse um of Los Ange J ohn A. Snyder cent Season Summary for your Zone) les County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Dept . of Biology, Furman Univ ersity, by Dec. 15. See inside back cover for Los Angeles, CA 90007-4057. Greenville, SC 2961 3-0001 ,(864) 294 Zone Coordinator information. [email protected] 3248, [email protected] 130 Winter 2004 Winter 2004 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Executive Council Season Summary Zone Coordinators President Assistant Treasurer Refer to Season Summary for Zone coverage details. James K. Adams Ron Leuschner Chief Season Summary Zone 6, Texas: Division of Nat. Scie nce and 1900 J oh n Street, Ma nhat Coordinator And Editor Charles Borde lon, Jr., Math, Dalton State College, tan Beach, CA 90266-260 8, Texas Lepidoptera Survey, 213 N. College Drive, Dalton, (310) 545-9415 Jim Tuttle GA 30720, (706) 272-4427, T.B A 8517 Burkhart Road, Houston, ron [email protected] TX 77055,(713) 822-873 1 (cell) [email protected] te.edu Contact Jim via email c/o [email protected] Past President Publications Manager jellisonl @ho t m a il.net Ken Bliss Zone 7, Ontario And Susan J . Weller Zone I, The Far North: 28 DuPontAve., Piscataway;NJ Dept. Entomology, 219 Hodson Quebec: 08854-2435 Kenelm W Philip Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., [email protected] Institute of Arctic Biology JeffCrolla University of Minnesota, St . University of Alaska 2-642 Dovercourt Rd , Toronto, Paul, MN 55108-6125, welle Editor, News of the PO. Box 75700 Ontario, Canada M6H 2W6, [email protected] lepidopterists' Society Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000 (416) 533-2267 (907) 479 -2689 jeff@p rimus.ca Vice Presidents Phil Schappert [email protected] Gary G. Anweiler Integrative Biology, 1 Univer Zone 8, The Midwest: 7212 103 Ave. NW; Edmonton, sity Station, C0930, University Zone 2, The Pacific Leslie A. Ferge Alberta, T6A OV1, Canada of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX Northwest: 7119 Hubbard Avenue gg a n [email protected] 78712-02 53, (512 ) 475-6285 Middleton, Wisconsin53562-3231 Jon H. Shepard (lab), (512) 471-3878 (fax), (608) 836 -9438 Marc Epstein R.R. #2, S.22, C.44 (512) 237-3864 (home), [email protected] Dept. of Entomol., MRC 105, p hiljs@m a il.utexas.ed u Nelson, British Columbia NMNH , Smithsonian Inst., PO. V1L 5P5 Canada Zone 9, The Southeast: Box 37012, Washington, DC Editor, Journal of the (250) 352 -3028 Brian G. Scholtens 20013 lepidopterists' Society shep.lep@net id ea.co m ep stein.marc @nm nh.si.edu Biology Department Michael E. Toliver Zone 3, The Southwest: College of Charleston Niklas Wahlberg Division of Math & Scie nce, Charleston SC 29424-0001 Dept. of Zoology, Stockholm Eureka College, 300 East Ken Davenport (803) 856-0186 University; S-10691 Stockholm, College Ave., Eureka, IL 6601 Eucalyptus Dr., #325 scholtensb@cofc .ed u Sweden 61530-1500 Bakersfield, CA 93306-6856 P hone: (309) 467-3721 ext. (661) 366-3074 (home) Zone 10, The Northeast: Secretary flutter fl [email protected] 24 1, FAX:(309)467 -6386, Mark J. Mello Ernest H. Williams m iketo l @eureka.edu Zone 4, The Rocky c/o Lloyd Center, Department of Biology, Hamil Editor, Memoirs of the Mountains: 430 Potomska Rd ton College, Clinton, NY 13323 Dartsmouth, MA 02748 (315) 859-4387 lepidopterists' Society Ray E. Stanford [email protected] ewilliam @hamilton.ed u 720 Fairfax Street Lawrence F Gall Zone II, Mexico & the Assistant Secretary (see Memoirs opposite) Denver CO 80220-5151 (303 )377-1332 (home) Caribbean: Julian P Donahue Journal Book Reviews: [email protected] Isabel Vargas Fernandez Natural History Museum, 900 Philip DeVries Museo de Zoologia, Exposition Boulevard, Los Zone $, The Plains: (see Book Reviews opposite) Facultad de Ciencias, Angeles, CA 90007-4057, Ronald Alan Royer Univ. NacionalAutonoma,Mexico, (213) 763-3363 (office), (213) News Book Reviews: Division of Science, Apartado Postal 70-399, 746-2999 (fax) Minot State University. Mexico 04510 D.F, Mexico Julian @donahue.net Phil Schappert (see Editor, News above) Minot, North Dakota58707-0001, ivf@hp·fciencias.unam.mx Treasurer Office: (701)858-3209, Members-At-l arge FAX: (701)839-6933, Kelly M. Richers royer @misu.nodak.edu William Conner, Rebe cca 9417 Carvalho Court, Bakers Simmons, Charles Covell , Jr. fie ld CA 93311, (661) 665 (2005);Akito Kawahara,Jane M. 1993 (home) Ruffin, Erik B. Runquist (2006); [email protected] rg Robert M. Pyle, John A. Shuey, AndrewD.Warren (2007). Volume 46, Number 4 131 News of the Lepidopterists' Society Volume 46, Number 4 Lep SOC 2004••• More photos from the 2004 Maryland Meeting. Left to r igh t, from top down: Alax Jordan and John Beck, John Lill and Tiago Questnal, Erik Runquist and Amanda Roe (Smithsonian mixer); Pat and Phil Schappert, Austin Platt, Jackie Miller and Lincoln Brower, Charlie Covell presents Anne Lott with an impromptu gift (Banquet); Jane Ruffin, Bob Robbins and "Ranger" Steve Mueller, Kevin and Becky Simmons with Mindy and Bill Conner (BBQ). Top 3 photos by "Ranger " Steve Mueller, all the rest by Kit Stanford. See you in AZ in 2005?!? ! 132 Winter 2004