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Fashionable Mourners: Bronze Statuettes from the Rijksmuseum
Fashionable Mourners: Bronze Statuettes from the Rijksmuseum by Amanda Mikolic, Curatorial Assistant Cleveland’s celebrated early fifteenth-century alabaster tomb Figure 1. Mourners mourners are part of a major exhibition at the renowned from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam this fall (fig. 1). In exchange, the Duke of Burgundy (r. Cleveland Museum of Art has the rare opportunity to exhibit 1363–1404), 1404–10. Claus de Werve four bronze mourners—traveling to North America for the (Netherlandish, first time—from the tomb of Isabella of Bourbon (1436–1465) 1380–1439). Vizille ala- (fig. 2). The original carvings are attributed to Jan Borman the baster; avg. h. 41.4 cm. The Cleveland Museum Younger and the casting attributed to Renier van Thienen. of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1940.128, 1958.66–67. Figure 2. Mourners from the Tomb of Isabella of Bourbon, c. 1475–76. Attributed to Jan Borman the Younger (Netherlandish, active 1479–1520); casting at- tributed to Renier van Thienen (Flemish, ac- tive 1460–1541). Brass copper alloy; avg. h. 56 cm. On loan from the City of Amsterdam, BK-AM-33-B, I, D, F. 2 3 Figure 3. Portrait of for overseeing the construction of Isabella’s tomb in addition to Isabella of Bourbon, c. casting the bronze mourners from wooden models attributed 1500. After Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, to carver Jan Borman, who often worked with Van Thienen and c. 1399–1464). Musée was known in Brussels as a master of figural sculpture. des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, France. -
Hat, Cap, Hood, Mitre
CHAPTER 1 Headgear: Hat, Cap, Hood, Mitre Introduction down over his shoulders;4 and in Troilus and Criseyde Pandarus urges his niece, a sedate young widow, to Throughout the later Middle Ages (the twelfth to early cast off her face-framing barbe, put down her book and sixteenth centuries), if we are to believe the evidence of dance.5 art, some kind of headgear was worn by both sexes in- In art of the middle medieval period (from about doors and out: at dinner, in church, even in bed. This is the eighth to the eleventh centuries), headgear is less understandable if we consider the lack of efficient heat- well attested. Men are usually depicted bareheaded. ing in medieval buildings, but headgear was much more Women’s heads and necks are wrapped in voluminous than a practical item of dress. It was an immediate mark- coverings, usually depicted as white, so possibly linen is er of role and status. In art, it is possible to distinguish being represented in most cases. There is no clue to the immediately the head of a man from that of woman, as shape of the piece of cloth that makes up this headdress, for example in a fourteenth-century glass panel with a sa- how it is fastened, or whether there is some kind of cap tirical depiction of a winged serpent which has the head beneath it to which it is secured. Occasionally a fillet is of a bishop, in a mitre, and a female head, in barbe* and worn over, and more rarely under, this veil or wimple. -
Prolegomena to Pastels & Pastellists
Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists NEIL JEFFARES Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists Published online from 2016 Citation: http://www.pastellists.com/misc/prolegomena.pdf, updated 10 August 2021 www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 1 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 2 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists CONTENTS I. FOREWORD 5 II. THE WORD 7 III. TREATISES 11 IV. THE OBJECT 14 V. CONSERVATION AND TRANSPORT TODAY 51 VI. PASTELLISTS AT WORK 71 VII. THE INSTITUTIONS 80 VIII. EARLY EXHIBITIONS, PATRONAGE AND COLLECTIONS 94 IX. THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PASTEL PORTRAITS 101 X. NON-PORTRAIT SUBJECTS 109 XI. PRICES AND PAYMENT 110 XII. COLLECTING AND CRITICAL FORTUNE POST 1800 114 XIII. PRICES POST 1800 125 XIV. HISTORICO-GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 128 www.pastellists.com – © Neil Jeffares – all rights reserved 3 updated 10 August 2021 Prolegomena to Pastels & pastellists I. FOREWORD ASTEL IS IN ESSENCE powdered colour rubbed into paper without a liquid vehicle – a process succinctly described in 1760 by the French amateur engraver Claude-Henri Watelet (himself the subject of a portrait by La Tour): P Les crayons mis en poudre imitent les couleurs, Que dans un teint parfait offre l’éclat des fleurs. Sans pinceau le doigt seul place et fond chaque teinte; Le duvet du papier en conserve l’empreinte; Un crystal la défend; ainsi, de la beauté Le Pastel a l’éclat et la fragilité.1 It is at once line and colour – a sort of synthesis of the traditional opposition that had been debated vigorously by theoreticians such as Roger de Piles in the previous century. -
A 1470S Turret Headdress from France Ilaria Rosati This Is Primarily
A 1470s Turret Headdress from France Ilaria Rosati This is primarily a style for noblewomen, especially at the French royal court, but wealthy women in cities and towns would have worn similar. The origins of this style lie to the East: from the Ottomans, the Persians, the Mamluks, and perhaps Chinese, but my focus is on the headdress worn by noblewomen in France in the 1470s.1 Broadly speaking there are 4 main parts to this headdress, though not all are present in every single instance: 1) A fillet, which held the hair in place and helped anchor the turret. This fillet appears in artwork but I do not know of any clear textual evidence for this specific item, possibly the terms bout, touret, or chapelet may have been applied to this item.2 2) The turret itself, also called a haut bonnet, or a chaperon à cornette. I think it is more likely that the term hennin was used for the earlier horned headdress which went out of style by the 1450s.3 3) The frontlet, a rectangular band worn on top of a headdress, framing the face or wrapping around to the back of the head. Young girls could wear the frontlet on its own directly over their hair. In many images, particularly illuminations, the difference between a frontlet and the fillet mentioned above is ambiguous. 4) A veil, quevrechief à baniere, worn over the turret and trailing down behind. Materials The complete materials list is lost to history and will always be a matter of some conjecture. -
EARLY NETHERLANDISH PAINTING Part One
EARLY NETHERLANDISH PAINTING part one Early Netherlandish painting is the work of artists, sometimes known as the Flemish Primitives, active in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance, especially in the flourishing cities of Bruges, Ghent, Mechelen, Leuven, Tounai and Brussels, all in present-day Belgium. The period begins approximately with Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck in the 1420s and lasts at least until the death of Gerard David in 1523, although many scholars extend it to the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568. Early Netherlandish painting coincides with the Early and High Italian Renaissance but the early period (until about 1500) is seen as an independent artistic evolution, separate from the Renaissance humanism that characterised developments in Italy; although beginning in the 1490s as increasing numbers of Netherlandish and other Northern painters traveled to Italy, Renaissance ideals and painting styles were incorporated into northern painting. As a result, Early Netherlandish painters are often categorised as belonging to both the Northern Renaissance and the Late or International Gothic. Robert Campin (c. 1375 – 1444), now usually identified with the Master of Flémalle (earlier the Master of the Merode Triptych), was the first great master of Flemish and Early Netherlandish painting. Campin's identity and the attribution of the paintings in both the "Campin" and "Master of Flémalle" groupings have been a matter of controversy for decades. Campin was highly successful during his lifetime, and thus his activities are relatively well documented, but he did not sign or date his works, and none can be confidently connected with him. -
Why Was Jan Van Eyck Here? the Subject, Sitters, and Significance of the Arnolfini Marriage Portrait
Venezia Arti [online] ISSN 2385-2720 Vol. 26 – Dicembre 2017 [print] ISSN 0394-4298 Why Was Jan van Eyck here? The Subject, Sitters, and Significance of The Arnolfini Marriage Portrait Benjamin Binstock (Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, USA) Abstract Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Marriage Portrait of 1434 still poses fundamental questions. An overlooked account explained the groom’s left hand holding his bride’s right hand as a secular, legal morganatic marriage with a bride of lower social rank and wealth. That would explain Van Eyck’s presence as witness in the mirror and through his inscription, and corresponds to the recent identification of the bride and groom as Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini and his previously unknown first wife Helene of unknown last name. Van Eyck’s scene can be called the first modern painting, as the earliest autonomous, illusionistic representation of secular reality, provided with the earliest artist’s signature of the modern type, framing his scene as perceived and represented by a particular individual. That is why Jan van Eyck was here. Summary 1 What is being disguised: religious symbolism or secular art? – 2 A morganatic, left-handed marriage. – 3 The sitters: Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini and his first wife Helene? – 4 Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait as the first modern painting. – 5 Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait within his oeuvre and tradition. – 6 Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait and art historical method. Keywords Jan van Eyck. Signature. Arnolfini. Morganatic Marriage. Modern painting. For Marek Wieczorek What is the hardest of all? What you think is the easiest. -
Holiday by Philip Barry
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Fall 12-2006 Holiday by Philip Barry Lauren M. Houston University of Tennessee-Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Houston, Lauren M., "Holiday by Philip Barry" (2006). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/971 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Holiday By Philip Barry A Senior Honors Project by """"""'--.11/1 Lauren Houston Peformed Fall 2005: November 10, 11, 17, & 18: 8 pm November 13 & 20: 2 pm CBT Lab Theatre " " , Holiday 511 JULIA [advancing]. She's going with them, isn't she? ........ Isn't she? NED [smiles an,d picks up his glass again]. -Going to get her Johnny. .. and Mrs. JULIA [laughs shortly]. A fine chance she's gotl has 'gone NED. -Any bets? [Then savagely.] --Any bets, Julia? [He raises his glass.] -To Lil1da- [The portrait, \.nd throw above the fireplace catches his eye.] -And while fawn, too. we're at i t-,~ randfa therl~ I He d !i~~~.l ~~~~~~_. __. ___ ~_.~ ____ ~_"_"" _._~ .., .n Johnny, CURTAIN 1 flat, you "'hat if it s, he does ,world in t me. -
From Home Court from Home Court
from home Court Jan van Eyck lived during the Middle Ages, hundreds of Idea for at home: years ago. Jan van Eyck was a court painter who worked Come up with your own motto and make for an important nobleman. His boss was Duke Philip yourself a coat of arms out of cardboard. the Good. The duke trusted Jan van Eyck and gave him all kinds of assignments, sometimes even secret ones. Here you can see the knife of Philip the Good. It has Idea for at home: his motto and coat of arms with a lion on it. The lion is The Middle Ages were turbulent times. Bands a symbol of bravery. of knights fought each other to conquer plots of land. Make a catapult out of lolly sticks and elastic bands. The diagram here will show you how. How far can you shoot it? After Rogier van der Weyden, Philip the Good, c. 1451–1500. Groeningemuseum, Bruges. Two knives of Philip the Good, mid-15th century. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon. Send a photo of the result of your artwork (s) to [email protected] and/or share on Instagram or Facebook with the hashtag #mskgent from home Landscape Jan van Eyck loved nature. He painted many different Idea for at home: kinds of flowers and plants, very accurately and with A forest on the page lots of details. On the Mystic Lamb alone, we can identify 75 different kinds of plants, herbs and fruits. Because Material Jan van Eyck often travelled for Duke Philip the Good, – leaves, branches, grass etc. -
The MSK Is Announcing New Loans That Will Be on Show in Ghent from 1 February 2020 at the Largest Van Eyck-Exhibition Ever
Press release 12.12.2019 The MSK is announcing new loans that will be on show in Ghent from 1 February 2020 at the largest Van Eyck-exhibition ever On 1 February 2020, the largest exhibition ever to focus on Jan van Eyck is opening at the Museum of Fine Arts Ghent (MSK). More than 40 000 visitors have already bought their tickets and visitors from countries from all over the world, including Japan, Russia and the US, are getting ready for their visit to Ghent. Today, 2 months before the opening, the MSK is announcing yet another sneak peek. New loans and restorations/conservations It is with great pride that the MSK can confirm the exhibition will include an exceptional loan from the National Gallery: Jan van Eyck's 'Portrait of a Man (Léal souvenir)'. This masterpiece is one of the three Van Eycks in the National Gallery’s collection and, together with the Ghent Altarpiece, is the earliest dated painting in the oeuvre of the master. Paintings by Van Eyck are rarely allowed to leave the museums where they are held, and that certainly holds true for 'Portrait of a Man (Léal souvenir)'. Moreover, the masterpiece is currently undergoing conservation especially for the occasion. In addition to this enigmatic masterpiece from the National Gallery, the MSK is announcing that the inspiring ‘Portrait of Jan de Leeuw’ from the Kunsthistorisch Museum in Vienna will be joining the impressive portrait gallery of the exhibition. The intense glance of the sitter, possibly a friend of the painter, transcends the distance between art and reality and is ultimate proof of Van Eyck’s genius. -
Beginners' Guide to Late Fifteenth Century Kit Men: Pourpoint, Hose
BEGINNERS' GUIDE TO LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY KIT MEN: POURPOINT, HOSE AND GOWN This will give you the basic vocabulary of men's clothes in England in the late fifteenth century, give you an idea of the look you should be going for, and guide you as to what items to buy if you are starting out. It's only concerned with soft kit - that's everyday garments, not military gear. Each item is illustrated with a period image (the vast majority from English sources), supported by contemporary photographs or drawings. Some terminology and illustrations of the basics: Breeches Underpants (note - people often use the French term 'braies') Shirt Loose, white (or natural) linen - this is worn under all the other clothes and can double as night wear Hose What you wear on your legs. Originally, these were two separate legs – like long socks or stockings – which would tie on to your breeches or your pourpoint (of which more below) to stay up. By the end of the fifteenth century in England, this separate-leg ('single' or 'split') style was only really for the poor (there was even a statute to this effect) and men with any money and idea of style were wearing joined hose – here, the two legs are joined at the top and go all the way up over the bottom to just below the waist. There were holes around the top edge for the points…. Points Laces used to join different garments or pieces of garments together Pourpoint A tight-fitting upper body garment, generally with sleeves. -
A Comparison of the Beauty of Costume in the Gothic and Renaissance Periods
IJCC, X/이, 4 No. 2, 138*145(2001) 62 A Comparison of the Beauty of Costume in the Gothic and Renaissance Periods Hyun-Sook Chung Assistant Professor, Department of Fashion Design, Pukyong National University Abstract This study aims to compare the beauty of costume in the Gothic -with that of Renaissance periods. By analyzing the beauty of costume 'which reflects the ideal of the age, this study attempts to provide the insight ■which can predict the beauty of future costume. The characteristics of Gothic costume is the form of the loose enveloping of the body, "which can be accounted for from the influence of the Christian religion, and the emphasis on the vertical line influenced by the steeple in the Gothic architecture expressing the enthusiasm of the religion. The emphasis on height in the Gothic cathedrals was reflected in the hennin, pointed shoes, and lengthy sleeves of Gothic dress. The beauty of Gothic costume lies in the form of slender, the emphases on the vertical line, the use of heraldry and parti-color, and pointed hat and shoe. The Renaissance architecture shows a broad horizontal appearance. There is the similarity between the Renaissance costume and Renaissance architecture. The beauty of Renaissance costume lies in the form of the exposing body, the exaggerated silhouette, the emphasis on the horizontal line, the use of ruff and slash in order to display the beauty of human body and the beauty of cubic. The ideal beauty of Gothic and Renaissance costume was influenced by the spirit of the age and was in contrast. -
Le Kosovo Vidé De La Moitié De Sa Population
LeMonde Job: WMQ1205--0001-0 WAS LMQ1205-1 Op.: XX Rev.: 11-05-99 T.: 11:07 S.: 111,06-Cmp.:11,11, Base : LMQPAG 12Fap:100 No:0371 Lcp: 700 CMYK LE MONDE INTERACTIF a Du rififi dans les puces ACTIVE:LMQPAG:WM a Emploi : 6 pages busy d’annonces classées 55e ANNÉE – No 16886 – 7,50 F - 1,14 EURO FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE MERCREDI 12 MAI 1999 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Dopage : Le Kosovo vidé de la moitié de sa population Richard Virenque b 900 000 Kosovars ont été déportés depuis le 25 mars b « Le Monde » dresse un bilan et Marc Madiot de la « première guerre du XXIe siècle » b Notre entretien avec Ibrahim Rugova : « Je n’ai jamais dit que j’étais contre les bombardements » b Scepticisme sur le retrait annoncé des forces serbes convoqués LA GUERRE du Kosovo entre, mesure en avançant que « les opé- mercredi 12 mai, dans sa huitième rations contre la soi-disant UCK [Ar- semaine, alors que les tractations mée de libération du Kosovo] sont Quai des Orfèvres diplomatiques se multiplient et terminées ». Sans dire s’ils étaient DEUX JOURS après la mise en que Belgrade a annoncé, lundi, un déjà en mesure de vérifier la réalité examen de cinq personnes dans l’af- retrait partiel, non vérifié, des de ce retrait, les alliés ont rappelé faire de dopage, cinq autres per- forces serbes du Kosovo. Le Monde qu’un tel geste serait insuffisant. Ils sonnes étaient convoquées comme a dressé un bilan, évidemment pro- réclament un retrait complet des témoins, mardi 11 mai, au Quai des visoire, de cette « première guerre forces serbes de la province.