Natal Emperor

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FACT SHEET Natal Emperor Lethrinus scoparius Family: Lethrinidae Other common names: Scavenger, Natal keiser A recently described species that was previously confused with the blue emperor, Lethrinus nebulosus. Very similar in appearance to the Description blue emperor but does not grow as big and has less blue colouration on the face and body. Can change colour rapidly from pale to dark, with irregular barring. Dorsal and tail fin have red edges. Juveniles are yellow on the head and upper back. Common along the KwaZulu-Natal and Transkei coasts, extending Distribution south to Algoa Bay. Its northern distribution limit is not known. Habitat Found on offshore rocky reefs from 10 to at least 50 m. They tend to prefer flatter, low profile reefs and the sandy edges of reefs. Little known but they probably feed on a variety of benthic and reef Feeding associated invertebrates similar to other emperor species. Limited tag recapture data from the Pondoland Marine Protected Movement Area has shown that this species is resident. www.saambr.org.za Reproduction Unknown. They can reach a maximum size of at least 45 cm total length, but Age and growth larger specimens are possible. They have not been aged. Not assessed in South Africa. They have not been evaluated on the IUCN Red List. Current status South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI) List: Not assessed. Not Assessed One of the most common emperor species found along the southern KwaZulu-Natal and Transkei coasts. Commonly caught by recreational Capture and commercial ski-boat fishermen and they comprise about 5% of the commercial catch in KwaZulu-Natal. Daily bag limit: 10 per person per day Current Minimum size limit: None recreational Closed Season: None fishing Other regulations: None regulations Marine protected areas (MPAs): This species is likely to benefit from protection within offshore no-take areas throughout their distribution. Reference Information from the ORI Fish App. www.saambr.org.za.

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SPARIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 13 Feb. 2021 Order SPARIFORMES 3 families · 49 genera · 283 species/subspecies Family LETHRINIDAE Emporerfishes and Large-eye Breams 5 genera · 43 species Subfamily Lethrininae Emporerfishes Lethrinus Cuvier 1829 from lethrinia, ancient Greek name for members of the genus Pagellus (Sparidae) which Cuvier applied to this genus Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Japan, south to Western Australia) Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale 1910 patronym not identified but probably in honor of William Sackston Atkinson (1864-ca. 1925), an illustrator who prepared the plates for a paper published by Seale in 1905 and presumably the plates in this 1910 paper as well Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes 1830 Atlantic, the only species of the genus (and family) known to occur in the Atlantic Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes 1830 -icus, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from Persian Gulf and East Africa to Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Mascarenes) Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith 1959) clothed in purple, etymology not explained, probably referring to “bright mauve” area at central basal part of pectoral fins on living specimens Lethrinus crocineus
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Biological Parameters of Lethrinus Nebulosus in the Arabian Gulf on the Saudi Arabian
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Diurnal Temporal Patterns of the Diversity and the Abundance of Reef Fishes in a Branching Coral Patch in New Caledonia
1 Austral Ecology Achimer April 2016, Volume 41, Issue 7, Pages 733-744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12360 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00326/43755/ © 2016 Ecological Society of Australia Diurnal temporal patterns of the diversity and the abundance of reef fishes in a branching coral patch in New Caledonia Mallet Delphine 1, 2, *, Vigliola Laurent 3, Wantiez Laurent 2, Pelletier Dominique 1, 4 1 IFREMER; Unité de Recherche Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle Calédonie (LEAD-NC); Noumea New Caledonia(Email: delphine.mallet@yahoo.fr) 2 EA 4243 LIVE; Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie; Noumea New Caledonia 3 Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD); UMR ENTROPIE/Laboratoire Excellence LABEX Corail; Noumea New Caledonia 4 Laboratoire Excellence LABEX Corail; Perpignan France * Corresponding author : Delphine Mallet, email address : delphine.mallet@yahoo.fr Abstract : Small-scale spatial and temporal variability in animal abundance is an intrinsic characteristic of marine ecosystems but remains largely unknown for most animals, including coral reef fishes. In this study, we used a remote autonomous unbaited video system and recorded reef fish assemblages during daylight hours, 10 times a day for 34 consecutive days in a branching coral patch of the lagoon of New Caledonia. In total, 50 031 fish observations belonging to 114 taxa, 66 genera and 31 families were recorded in 256 recorded videos. Carnivores and herbivore-detritus feeders dominated the trophic structure. We found significant variations in the composition of fish assemblages between times of day. Taxa richness and fish abundance were greater in the early morning and in the late afternoon than during the day.
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NORTH COAST FISH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Ben M
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Field Guide for the Identification of Major Demersal Fishes of India
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Platyhelminthes (Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda)
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Lethrinus, Lethrinidae, Percoidei) from Three Areas Around Sulawesi (Indonesia) with Different Levels of Destructive Fishing
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