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One of the Characteristics in the Body of the Gold-Fish Is the Caudal and Anal Fins

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One of the Characteristics in the Body of the Gold-Fish Is the Caudal and Anal Fins No. 10.] 655 187 . Preliminary Note on the Inheritance of Caudal and Anal Fins in Gold-fish of Japan . By Yoshiichi MATSUI. Picsicultural Branch of Imperial Fisheries Experimental Station , Toyahashi. (Comm. by C. ISHIKAWA, M.LA., Dec. 12, 1933.) One of the characteristics in the body of the gold-fish is the caudal and anal fins. In a fish the caudal and the anal fins are , like the dorsal fin, simple and vertical, but in some gold-fishes thecaudal fin is more or less horizontal and the anal fins are paired . The caudal fins of the gold-fish are classified into several sorts: the Funa-wo (simple tail), the Tsumami-wo (imperfect shaped tail of Mitsu-wo), the Mitsuo-wo (tri-lobed tail), the Sakura-wo (intermediate shape between Mitsu-wo and Yotsu-wo), the Yotsu-wo (tetra-lobed tail) , the Kujaku-wo (X-shaped tail), etc.Except the Funa-wo, which is vertical, all sorts of the caudal fin of the gold-fishes are horizontal and paired. The anal fin is also of either single or double, with the intermediate formsof y-shaped and v-shaped, and in rare cases anal fin is not present. The materials for the experiments were a number of Wakin, Ryukin, Ranchu, Oranda-shishigashira, allsorts of Demekin, Jikin, Shukin, Hibuna and Funa. The results of many experiments show that the paired caudal fins are apparently homozygous for the most part, with some few excep tions. And it is worthy of attention that they sometimes segregate the Funa-wo. The Funa-wo of gold-fish shown in following tables seems to be heterozygous in nature. TABLE 1. TABLE 2. F2 experiments of Exp. No. 2701. The crossing experiments between the gold-fishes with the paired caudal fin and those of Funa-wo show that the appearance of each 656 Y. MATSUI. [Vol. 9, character in F1 differs greatly among the same crossings. It is, how ever, found that the F1 of thecrossings between the paired fin of the gold-fishes and the wild Funa with the ordinary Funa-wo show uni formly Funa-wo, the Funa-wo of wild Funa being distinctly dominant over the paired caudal fin. The results of F2 experiments in the cross ings between paired finned gold-fish and the wild Funa show a special segregation ratio of polyhybrid. The fishes have apparently Funa-wo while young, but a careful observation upon the grown up individuals show that some of the fins are provided with a groove on the ventral border, while in some other fishes the caudal peduncle of theFuna-wo is seen to be inclined in one direction or curved to some extent. The crossings between the single and the double anal fins of the gold-fishes, are as in the case between the caudal fins of the gold-fishes, the results are not constant, showing sometimes quite contradictory results. It is, however, found that the F1 of crossings between the anal fins of the gold-fishes and the single anal fin of the wild Funa are always with a single fin. Now the caudal and the anal fins of an ordinary fish are developed from the same postanal fold, while the paired fins of the gold-fish are developed from the paired folds, consequently the pairedcaudal and the double anal fins have genetically of the same origin, 1) and these fins may beconsidered to have a linkage. The results of the crossing experiments between the fishes of the caudal and anal fins combined were also very different, as shown in following tables: TABLE 3. 1) The same view on the origin of the anal and caudal fins from the lateral folds of the body is first described and discussed by Dr. Watase in his paper "On the Caudal and Anal Fins of Gold-fishes. Journ. Science Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 1, 1887. No. 10.] Preliminary Note on the Inheritance of Caudal and Anal Fins. 657 TABLE 4. F2 experiments . These experiments may show the existence of some linkage rela tions between these fins. The following table is the results of the back-crossings of double recessive characters with F1 of the paired caudal and double anal fins. Funa-wo and sinv1P anal fin TABLE 5. TABLE 6. Crossing over percentage. Experiments of the crossings between the caudal and the anal fins combined were still far from being complete, and some further experi ments are in need. I believe, however, the differences of the segrega tion in the same combinations are of a complex inheritance. It can be supposed that in the self-breedings of paired caudal and double anal fins which are of a recessive character, Funa-wo and a single anal fin night have been produced by a reverse mutation, and the dissimilar appearance of the segregation in the same crossing is not caused by the fact that every type of fin is not a homozygote, but may be accounted as a sex-linkage. As for Funa, the males are much less in number than females. The influence of the environment seems to con 658 Y. MATSUI. [Vol. 9, tribute greatly toward the differences of segregation ratios, since the breeding season of the gold-fish is generally in May to June, with the temperature of water ranging between 12•Ž and 30•Ž,and since the hatching of the eggs should be influenced by the water temperature, the acquired character is also a question to be fully considered. In this connection the writer wishes to make some corrections of the view stated in his former paper on the inheritance of scale trans parency in gold-fish of Japan.' The mosaic transparency of the scales, i. e. the normal scales found among the transparent ones in a mosaic way, which the writer has designated N gen of normal scale as the necessary consequence for the appearance of the normal scales in them, and the constitutional character of the scale Ttnn ought to be a pheno typical transparency of all the scales. And it is a remarkable fact that there are two kinds of transparency of all the scales genotypically, both homozygous and heterozygous. These considerations show that the results of Exp. Nos. 32024, 33017 and 33018 which are the F2 offspring of the crossings between the netlike transparency and the mosaic trans parency shown in Table 7 of the former paper, should be amended as in the following table : TABLE. 7. * The deviation is larger than five times of probable error, which may , however, be due to the weakness of the fishes with all transparent scales compared with those with other kind of scales. The observations of young fishes show that the number of the fishes with the scales of netlike transparency was found to be 51, those with the normal scales 164, while those with the ordinary transparent scales 598, thus giving the ratio of 1:3: 12. 1) Matsui, Y.: Preliminary Note on the Inheritance of Scale Transparency in Gold-fish of Japan. Proc, 9 (1933), 424-427..
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