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January – June 2014 Number 55 ISSN 1026 2881 Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups January – June 2014 No. 55 1 Chair reports / Rapports des Présidents 1 African Elephant Specialist Group report / Rapport du Groupe des Spécialistes des Eléphants d’Afrique S P E C I E S Holly T Dublin S U R V I V A L C O M M I S S I O N 6 African Rhino Specialist Group report / Rapport du Groupe des Spécialistes des Rhinocéros Editors d’Afrique Dali Mwagore and Helen van Houten Mike Knight Section Editors Deborah Gibson—African elephants 20 Asian Rhino Specialist Group report / Rapport Kees Rookmaaker—African and Asian rhinos du Groupe des Spécialistes des Rhinocéros d’Asie Editorial Board Bibhab K Talukdar Julian Blanc Holly T Dublin 23 Research Richard Emslie Mike Knight 23 The African elephant and food security in Africa: Esmond Martin experiences from Baringo District, Kenya Benson Okita-Ouma Robert Olivier Dorothy A Amwata and Kevin Z Mganga Diane Skinner 30 Luanda—the largest illegal ivory market in Bibhab K Talukdar southern Africa Lucy Vigne Esmond Martin and Lucy Vigne Design and layout Dali Mwagore 38 Evaluation of a low-tech method, pepper– grease, for combatting elephant crop-raiding Illustrations activities in Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana Nelson Otemba Edward D Wiafe and Moses K Sam Address all correspondence, including enquiries 43 Management about subscription, to 43 The last chance for the Sumatran rhinoceros? The Editor, Pachyderm PO Box 68200 – 00200 Francesco Nardelli Nairobi, Kenya tel: +254 20 249 3561/65 email: [email protected] website: http://www.iucn.org/african_elephant http://pachydermjournal.org Cover: Angolan authorities rarely inspect the displays of ivory in Mercado do Artesanato in Luanda, Reproduction of this publication for educational resulting in the largest quantity of illegal ivory on or other non-commercial purposes is authorized sale in southern Africa. without written permission from the copyright Credit: Lucy Vigne holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and January – June 2014 No. 55 Asian Rhino Specialist Groups 54 Chemical horn infusions—a poaching deterrent or an unnecessary deception? Sam Ferreira, Markus Hofmeyr, Danie Pienaar and Dave Cooper 62 The complex policy issue of elephant ivory stockpile management Michael ’t Sas-Rolfes, Brendan Moyle and Daniel Stiles 78 Rehabilitation of greater one-horned rhinoceros calves in Manas National Park, a World Heritage Site in India Rathin Barman, Bhaskar Choudhury, NVK Ashraf and V Menon 89 Field notes 89 Decay rate of elephant dung in Conkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of Congo Hilde Vanleeuwe and James Probert 92 Cyanide poisoning and African elephant mortality in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe: a preliminary assessment N Muboko, V Muposhi, T Tarakini, E Gandiwa, S Vengesayi and E Makuwe 95 Three rhinos on maps of India drawn in Faizabad in the 18th century Kees Rookmaaker 97 Social media and the ivory ban: Myanmar and China cross-border trade Vincent Nijman and Chris R Shepherd 100 MIKE / ETIS updates 100 CITES-MIKE Update / Mise à jour de la CITES-MIKE Julian Blanc 104 Progress in implementing the Elephant Trade Information System (ETIS) / Avancement dans la mise en œuvre du Système d’Information sur le Trafic des Eléphants (ETIS) Tom Milliken Views expressed in Pachyderm are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the European Union, the Species Survival Commission or any of the three Specialist Groups responsible for producing Pachyderm (the African Elephant Specialist Group, the African Rhino Specialist Group and the Asian Rhino Specialist Group). Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and January – June 2014 No. 55 Asian Rhino Specialist Groups 110 Transition 110 Passing of a conservation icon Mike Knight 112 Book review 112 Polishing off the ivory trade: surveys of Thailand’s ivory market Daniel Stiles 114 Guidelines for contributors Donate to Pachyderm To support the continued publication of Pachyderm and its contribution to the conservation and management of African elephants, African rhinos and Asian rhinos, please click http://goo.gl/P2Czvk to donate. Indicate Pachyderm in the organization field. Acknowledgements The production of this issue of Pachyderm was possible through contributions from a number of organizations and individuals. In particular, we would like to thank the following: EUROPEAN COMMISSION African Elephant Specialist Group report CHAIR REPORTS African Elephant Specialist Group report Rapport du Groupe des Specialistes des Eléphants d’Afrique Holly T Dublin, Chair/Président IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist Group, PO Box 68200 – 00200, Nairobi, Kenya email: [email protected] Africa’s elephants continue to need our dedicated Les éléphants d’Afrique continuent à avoir besoin de notre attention. With the African Elephant Summit attention consciencieuse. Suite à la conclusion du Sommet concluded, 2014 gave us little time to breathe sur l’éléphant d’Afrique, l’année 2014 nous a donné peu de before the action started! A huge amount of work temps pour respirer avant le commencement de l’action! has been accomplished so far, not only by AfESG Une énorme quantité de travail a été accompli jusqu’ici, but by the many members and organizations out non seulement par le GSEAf, mais aussi par de nombreux there, on behalf of the African elephant. membres et organisations, au nom de l’éléphant d’Afrique. For the AfESG Secretariat, the dominant focus Pour le Secrétariat du GSEAf, notre travail au cours for the first half of 2014 has been on developing de la première moitié de 2014 était surtout centré sur le strategy and action plans for improving the structure développement de la stratégie et des plans d’actions visant and functionality of the African Elephant Database à améliorer la structure et la fonctionnalité de la Base de (AED). So, in line with our time commitment to Données sur l’Eléphant d’Afrique (BDEA). Etant donné le the AED, this report focuses largely on this work. temps que nous consacrons à la BDEA, ce rapport se concentre principalement sur ce​​ travail. The African Elephant Database (AED) La Base de Données sur l’Eléphant d’Afrique With the current pressures on the African elephant, a huge amount of attention has been coming from A cause des pressions actuelles sur l’éléphant d’Afrique, all quarters. All these interested parties rely on il y a une attention énorme venant de toutes parts. Tous AfESG for accurate information on the status ceux qui s’y intéressent dépendent du GSEAf pour of the species. Therefore, it is vital that AfESG des informations précises sur la situation de l’espèce. is enabled to continue to provide reliable and Par conséquent, il est essentiel que le GSEAf puisse up-to-date information to enable well-informed continuer à fournir des informations fiables et actualisées decisionmaking and actions. Some of the new pour permettre la prise de décisions et des actions bien commitments and initiatives at local, national and informées. Certains des nouveaux engagements et international levels rely explicitly on verifiable initiatives aux niveaux local, national et international evidence of the recovery of elephant numbers for dépendent explicitement ​​des preuves vérifiables du financial assessments to be disbursed. rétablissement du nombre d’éléphants pour les évaluations Fully cognizant of this growing need, I have financières. been spending a significant amount of time Pleinement consciente de ce besoin croissant, j’ai working to ensure that the AED can meet these passé une quantité importante du temps de travail afin expectations, now and into the future. While the de m’assurer que la Base de Données sur les Eléphants Pachyderm No. 55 January–June 2014 1 Dublin Data Review Working Group (DRWG), which d’Afrique (BDEA) puisse répondre à ces attentes, oversees the AED, has never previously had a maintenant et à l’avenir. Alors que le Groupe de Travail Chair, I decided that in this critical period it was sur la Révision des Données (GTRD), qui supervise la important that it did so and appointed Dr Chris BDEA n’a jamais eu un président auparavant, j’ai décidé Thouless to this key role. I know Chris will bring que, dans cette période critique, il était important de le new energy to the AED to progress in meeting the faire et j’ai nommé le Dr. Chris Thouless à ce rôle clé. Je challenges we face. sais que Chris va apporter une nouvelle énergie à la BDEA We held a two-day meeting of the DRWG in pour relever les défis auxquels nous sommes confrontés. early May, which was as always, a vibrant and Nous avons tenu une réunion du GTRD de deux jours dynamic meeting of minds ready with ideas au début du mois de mai, qui était, comme toujours, une and innovations for progressing the AED. In réunion vivante et dynamique des esprits pleins d’idées addition to a number of technical matters, the et d’innovations pour faire progresser la BDEA. En plus DRWG discussed the design and functioning of de plusieurs questions techniques, le GTRD a discuté de a process that would hope to bring in a wider la conception et du fonctionnement d’un processus qui group of reviewers to assist with the initial ferait participer un plus grand groupe d’examinateurs à review of survey reports. We hope that this will l’examen initial des rapports d’étude. Nous espérons que not only relieve the overall workload on DRWG cela servira non seulement à réduire le travail fait par les members but will also encourage a much wider membres du GTRD, mais aussi à encourager un groupe group to gain familiarity with the way in which de personnes plus large à se familiariser avec la façon the AED is structured.
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  • Elephants: Decision-Making Mechanism for Authorizing Ivory Trade (Dmm)

    Elephants: Decision-Making Mechanism for Authorizing Ivory Trade (Dmm)

    ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY, UK (EIA) BRIEFING REGARDING ELEPHANT AGENDA ITEMS FOR THE 66TH MEETING OF THE CITES STANDING COMMITTEE (JANUARY 2016) A. AGENDA 47 - ELEPHANTS: DECISION-MAKING MECHANISM FOR AUTHORIZING IVORY TRADE (DMM) EIA is concerned that despite the ongoing elephant poaching crisis in Africa, the Decision Making Mechanism (DMM) continues to be discussed under CITES. Decision 14.77 to develop the DMM was originally adopted almost a decade ago, and renewed at CoP16 through Decision 16.55. During this period, there has been an unprecedented escalation in poaching and illegal ivory trade and the landscape has vastly changed since 2007 when the decision to develop a DMM was originally adopted. The ETIS report to SC66 continues to show record levels of illegal ivory and notes the increasing frequency of large-scale ivory seizures with 2013 holding the record for the highest number large-scale illegal ivory seizures. EIA’s records also confirm that there have been at least 12 large-scale seizures totalling nearly 19 tonnes during 2015 and at the time of writing, publicly available information suggests that none of these seizures have been followed-up with enforcement efforts such as convictions of major traffickers involved and coordinated disruption of transnational criminal networks.1 A recent scientific study concluded that 100,000 elephants were killed illegally between 2010 and 2012, at an average of 33,630 (6.8% of the total population) each year.2 Elephant populations grow at approximately 4.2% per year in the absence of poaching - therefore current off-take currently exceeds the intrinsic growth capacity of the species in the affected populations and is unsustainable.