Characterizing the Antibacterial Properties of Chimaphila
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Buzz-Pollination and Patterns in Sexual Traits in North European Pyrolaceae Author(S): Jette T
Buzz-Pollination and Patterns in Sexual Traits in North European Pyrolaceae Author(s): Jette T. Knudsen and Jens Mogens Olesen Reviewed work(s): Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 80, No. 8 (Aug., 1993), pp. 900-913 Published by: Botanical Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2445510 . Accessed: 08/08/2012 10:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org American Journalof Botany 80(8): 900-913. 1993. BUZZ-POLLINATION AND PATTERNS IN SEXUAL TRAITS IN NORTH EUROPEAN PYROLACEAE1 JETTE T. KNUDSEN2 AND JENS MOGENS OLESEN Departmentof ChemicalEcology, University of G6teborg, Reutersgatan2C, S-413 20 G6teborg,Sweden; and Departmentof Ecology and Genetics,University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Building550, DK-8000 Aarhus,Denmark Flowerbiology and pollinationof Moneses uniflora, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola minor, P. rotundifolia,P. chlorantha, and Chimaphilaumbellata are describedand discussedin relationto patternsin sexualtraits and possibleevolution of buzz- pollinationwithin the group. The largenumber of pollengrains are packedinto units of monadsin Orthilia,tetrads in Monesesand Pyrola,or polyadsin Chimaphila.Pollen is thesole rewardto visitinginsects except in thenectar-producing 0. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Development of 16 Microsatellite Markers for Prince's Pine, Chimaphila Japonica (Pyroleae, Monotropoideae, Ericaceae)
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 4003-4008; doi:10.3390/ijms13044003 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Short Note Development of 16 Microsatellite Markers for Prince’s Pine, Chimaphila japonica (Pyroleae, Monotropoideae, Ericaceae) Zhenwen Liu 1,†, Qianru Zhao 1,2,†, Jing Zhou 3, Hua Peng 1 and Junbo Yang 4,* 1 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (Q.Z.); [email protected] (H.P.) 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road,Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-871-5223139; Fax: +86-871-5217791. Received: 6 February 2012; in revised form: 15 March 2012 / Accepted: 19 March 2012 / Published: 23 March 2012 Abstract: The perennial evergreen herb, Chimaphila japonica is found exclusively in East Asian temperate coniferous or sometimes in deciduous forests. By using the Fast Isolation by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 20 microsatellite primer sets were identified in two wild populations. Of these primers, 16 displayed polymorphisms and 4 were monomorphic. -
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE ERICACEAE (Heath Family) A family of about 107 genera and 3400 species, primarily shrubs, small trees, and subshrubs, nearly cosmopolitan. The Ericaceae is very important in our area, with a great diversity of genera and species, many of them rather narrowly endemic. Our area is one of the north temperate centers of diversity for the Ericaceae. Along with Quercus and Pinus, various members of this family are dominant in much of our landscape. References: Kron et al. (2002); Wood (1961); Judd & Kron (1993); Kron & Chase (1993); Luteyn et al. (1996)=L; Dorr & Barrie (1993); Cullings & Hileman (1997). Main Key, for use with flowering or fruiting material 1 Plant an herb, subshrub, or sprawling shrub, not clonal by underground rhizomes (except Gaultheria procumbens and Epigaea repens), rarely more than 3 dm tall; plants mycotrophic or hemi-mycotrophic (except Epigaea, Gaultheria, and Arctostaphylos). 2 Plants without chlorophyll (fully mycotrophic); stems fleshy; leaves represented by bract-like scales, white or variously colored, but not green; pollen grains single; [subfamily Monotropoideae; section Monotropeae]. 3 Petals united; fruit nodding, a berry; flower and fruit several per stem . Monotropsis 3 Petals separate; fruit erect, a capsule; flower and fruit 1-several per stem. 4 Flowers few to many, racemose; stem pubescent, at least in the inflorescence; plant yellow, orange, or red when fresh, aging or drying dark brown ...............................................Hypopitys 4 Flower solitary; stem glabrous; plant white (rarely pink) when fresh, aging or drying black . Monotropa 2 Plants with chlorophyll (hemi-mycotrophic or autotrophic); stems woody; leaves present and well-developed, green; pollen grains in tetrads (single in Orthilia). -
Teacher's Guide
Teacher’s Guide Ashlyn Westmoreland, Alexis McAllister, Mariya Dmitrienko Melissa Storm, and Jonathan Storm University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC Mock Strawberry (Duchesnea indica) Complements the following State Science Standards: SC: K.L.2A.6, 1.L.5A.1, 3.L.5A.2, 3.L.5B.1, 4.L.5A.1, and 4.L.5B.2 NC: 1.L.1.1, 1.L.1.2, 1.L.2.1, 2.L.2.1, 3.L.2.1, 3.L.2.3, 4.L.2.1, 5.L.2.1, and 5.L.2.2 GA: SKL1, SKL2, S1L1, S2L1, S3L1, S4L1, and S5L1 Identification The leaves grow in clusters of 3 and have lobed edges. The flowers are yellow and have 5 petals. The flowers can be seen from spring to fall. The fruits look like a strawberry that is approximately 1 cm in diameter. These fruits are inedible. Habitat Mock strawberry grows well in shady, disturbed sites such as roadsides, yards, and open woodlands. The plant grows low to the ground. General Ecology Despite its name, mock strawberry is not a true strawberry. It is actually a member of the rose family. It is a non-native perennial herb introduced from Asia. Mock strawberry is often seen flowering in yards and roadsides from February until the first frost in fall. 2 www.uscupstate.edu/fieldguide Striped Wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata) Complements the following State Science Standards: SC: 1.L.5A.1, 4.L.5A.1, 4.L.5B.2, and 6.L.5B.3 NC: 1.L.1.1, 1.L.1.2, 1.L.2.1, 2.L.2.1, 3.L.2.1, 3.L.2.3, 4.L.2.1, 5.L.2.1, 5.L.2.2, and 5.L.2.3 GA: SKL1, SKL2, S1L1, S2L1, S3L1, S4L1, and S5L1 Identification Dark, leathery evergreen leaves. -
Invisible Connections: Introduction to Parasitic Plants Dr
Invisible Connections: Introduction to Parasitic Plants Dr. Vanessa Beauchamp Towson University What is a parasite? • An organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense. Symbiosis https://www.superpharmacy.com.au/blog/parasites-protozoa-worms-ectoparasites Food acquisition in plants: Autotrophy Heterotrophs (“different feeding”) • True parasites: obtain carbon compounds from host plants through haustoria. • Myco-heterotrophs: obtain carbon compounds from host plants via Image Credit: Flickr User wackybadger, via CC mycorrhizal fungal connection. • Carnivorous plants (not parasitic): obtain nutrients (phosphorus, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pin nitrogen) from trapped insects. k_indian_pipes.jpg http://www.welivealot.com/venus-flytrap- facts-for-kids/ Parasite vs. Epiphyte https://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/2014/12/does-mistletoe-harm-trees-2/ By © Hans Hillewaert /, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6289695 True Parasitic Plants • Gains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host). • Does not contribute to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host. • Specialized peg-like root (haustorium) to penetrate host plants. https://www.britannica.com/plant/parasitic-plant https://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/2014/12/does-mistletoe-harm-trees-2/ Diversity of parasitic plants Eudicots • Parasitism has evolved independently at least 12 times within the plant kingdom. • Approximately 4,500 parasitic species in Monocots 28 families. • Found in eudicots and basal angiosperms • 1% of the dicot angiosperm species • No monocot angiosperm species Basal angiosperms Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2016.67:643-667 True Parasitic Plants https://www.alamy.com/parasitic-dodder-plant-cuscuta-showing-penetration-parasitic-haustor The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium. -
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Ericales S.L.: Analyses of Molecular Data from Five Genes from the Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes1
American Journal of Botany 89(4): 677±687. 2002. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ORDER ERICALES S.L.: ANALYSES OF MOLECULAR DATA FROM FIVE GENES FROM THE PLASTID AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES1 ARNE A. ANDERBERG,2,5 CATARINA RYDIN,3 AND MARI KAÈ LLERSJOÈ 4 2Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; 3Department of Systematic Botany, University of Stockholm, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and 4Laboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phylogenetic interrelationships in the enlarged order Ericales were investigated by jackknife analysis of a combination of DNA sequences from the plastid genes rbcL, ndhF, atpB, and the mitochondrial genes atp1 and matR. Several well-supported groups were identi®ed, but neither a combination of all gene sequences nor any one alone fully resolved the relationships between all major clades in Ericales. All investigated families except Theaceae were found to be monophyletic. Four families, Marcgraviaceae, Balsaminaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae form a monophyletic group that is the sister of the remaining families. On the next higher level, Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae form a clade that is sister to the majority of families that form a group with eight supported clades between which the interrelationships are unresolved: Theaceae-Ternstroemioideae with Ficalhoa, Sladenia, and Pentaphylacaceae; Theaceae-Theoideae; Ebenaceae and Lissocarpaceae; Symplocaceae; Maesaceae, Theophrastaceae, Primulaceae, and Myrsinaceae; Styr- acaceae and Diapensiaceae; Lecythidaceae and Sapotaceae; Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, and Ericaceae. Key words: atpB; atp1; cladistics; DNA; Ericales; jackknife; matR; ndhF; phylogeny; rbcL. Understanding of phylogenetic relationships among angio- was available for them at the time, viz. -
Gibson Woods Wild Ones Tablishment of Native Plant Commu- Nities
Wild Ones promotes environmental- ly sound landscaping practices to NATIVE NEWS encourage biodiversity through the preservation, restoration, and es- tablishment of native plant commu- Gibson Woods Wild Ones nities. Wild Ones is a not-for- 6201 Parrish Ave. Hammond, IN * 219-844-3188 profit, environmental, educational, and advocacy organization. March 2020 Volume 21, Issue 3 GREETINGS FROM THE EDITOR: Visit us online at: Even though the days are getting a little longer, it’s still cold and we’ll http://gw-wildones.org/ probably still get more snow,. It could be quite a while before our winter is truly over - but can you feel Spring in the air? I felt it a couple weeks ago on a Sunday. It was one of our colder days, but the sun was shining New Membership & Renewals: $40 household - or - $25 student, ltd income and I just FELT it for some reason. And then I came across something that Amanda Smith from IN Nature wrote on Valentine’s day that I Send check to: thought was worth sharing. It explains this phenomenon ... Wild Ones, 2285 Butte des Morts Beach Rd., Neenah, WI 54956 Did you feel it today; that feeling that spring is approaching? If you did, you aren’t Mark your check ‘Chapter 38’ alone and you were feeling deep evolutionary reactions to our Star, the Sun. Light is a powerful force, creating hormonal changes deep inside animal pituitary glands and even causing reactions inside our native plants. These reactions occur due to photoperi- CALENDAR OF EVENTS odism, the responses of organisms to the amount of daylight, and one of the main driv- ers of seasonal changes. -
Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae -
Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments Contributors: Printing was made possible through the generous funding from Adkins Arboretum; Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management; Chesapeake Bay Trust; Irvine Natural Science Center; Maryland Native Plant Society; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland-DC Chapter; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Cape May Plant Materials Center; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Reviewers: species included in this guide were reviewed by the following authorities regarding native range, appropriateness for use in individual states, and availability in the nursery trade: Rodney Bartgis, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Ashton Berdine, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Chris Firestone, Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Chris Frye, State Botanist, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Mike Hollins, Sylva Native Nursery & Seed Co. William A. McAvoy, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Mary Pat Rowan, Landscape Architect, Maryland Native Plant Society. Rod Simmons, Maryland Native Plant Society. Alison Sterling, Wildlife Resources Section, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Troy Weldy, Associate Botanist, New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Graphic Design and Layout: Laurie Hewitt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Special thanks to: Volunteer Carole Jelich; Christopher F. Miller, Regional Plant Materials Specialist, Natural Resource Conservation Service; and R. Harrison Weigand, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Division for assistance throughout this project. -
Checklist of the Washington Baltimore Area
Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Washington - Baltimore Area Part I Ferns, Fern Allies, Gymnosperms, and Dicotyledons by Stanwyn G. Shetler and Sylvia Stone Orli Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History 2000 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0166 ii iii PREFACE The better part of a century has elapsed since A. S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley published their succinct manual in 1919 for the identification of the vascular flora in the Washington, DC, area. A comparable new manual has long been needed. As with their work, such a manual should be produced through a collaborative effort of the region’s botanists and other experts. The Annotated Checklist is offered as a first step, in the hope that it will spark and facilitate that effort. In preparing this checklist, Shetler has been responsible for the taxonomy and nomenclature and Orli for the database. We have chosen to distribute the first part in preliminary form, so that it can be used, criticized, and revised while it is current and the second part (Monocotyledons) is still in progress. Additions, corrections, and comments are welcome. We hope that our checklist will stimulate a new wave of fieldwork to check on the current status of the local flora relative to what is reported here. When Part II is finished, the two parts will be combined into a single publication. We also maintain a Web site for the Flora of the Washington-Baltimore Area, and the database can be searched there (http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/dcflora). -
Historical Refuges and Recolonization Routes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, Inferred Through Phylogeographic Analysis Of
University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1-1-2017 Historical refuges and recolonization routes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, inferred through phylogeographic analysis of the spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata) John Daniel Banusiewicz University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Banusiewicz, John Daniel, "Historical refuges and recolonization routes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, inferred through phylogeographic analysis of the spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata)" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1275. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1275 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HISTORICAL REFUGES AND POSTGLACIAL RECOLONIZATION ROUTES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, INFERRED THROUGH PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SPOTTED WINTERGREEN (CHIMAPHILA MACULATA) A Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology The University of Mississippi by JOHN BANUSIEWICZ May 2017 Copyright © John D. Banusiewicz, Jr. 2017 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Phylogeography has recently benefited from incorporation of coalescent modeling to test competing scenarios of population history of a species. Ecological niche modeling has also been useful in inferring areas of likely suitable habitat during past climate conditions. Several studies have examined the population history of biota in the Southern Appalachian Mountains and how they responded to climate change associated with the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~18,000 years ago), though few studies have focused on understory plants.