14 Queen’s Park Crescent West Toronto, Ontario • Canada M5S 3K9 Telephone: 416.946.7429 (Doob) 416.946.7420 (Gartner) anthony.doob @ utoronto.ca rosemary.gartner @ utoronto.ca https://www.crimsl.utoronto.ca/research- publications/criminological-highlights

Criminological Highlights: Papers ‘Highlighted’ The Centre for Criminology and Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto, gratefully acknowledges the Department of Justice, Canada, for funding this project. Views – expressed or implied – in this publication are not necessarily those of the Department of Justice, Canada.

Volume 1(1) – Volume 19(2) September 1997 – February 2021

Aaltonen, Mikko, Atte Oksanen, and Janne Kivivuori (2016). Debt Problems and Crime. Criminology, 54(2), 307-331. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 3] Aaltonen, Mikko, John M. MacDonald, Pekka Martikainen, and Janne Kivivuori (2013). Examining the Generality of the Unemployment-Crime Association. Criminology, 51(3), 561-594. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 7] Abrahamse, Allan. The coming wave of violence in California. Santa Monica, California: The Rand Corporation, 1997. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 7. April 1998. Addington, Lynn A. (2003). Students’ Fear after Columbine: Findings from a Randomized Experiment. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 367-387. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 8] Altschuler, D.M. (1998). “Intermediate sanctions and community treatment for serious violent juveniles”. In R. Loeber and D. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk factors and Successful Interventions. (Pp. 367-385). California: Sage Publications. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 2. March 1999. Andersen, Lars H. and Signe H. Andersen (2014). Effect of Electronic Monitoring on Social Welfare Dependence. Criminology & Public Policy, 13(3), 349-379. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 5]

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Anderson, Amy L. and Lorine A. Hughes (2009). Exposure to Situations Conducive to Delinquency Behaviour: The Effects of Time Use, Income, and Transportation. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46(1), 5-34. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 8] Anderson, David A. (2002). The Deterrence Hypothesis and Picking Pockets at the Pickpoket’s Hanging. American Law and Economics Review, 4 (2), 293-313. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 5] Anderson, John L. (2019). Recidivism of paroled murderers as a factor in the utility of life imprisonment. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(2), 255-268. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 8] Anwar, Shamena and Thomas A. Loughran (2011). Testing a Bayesian Learning Theory of Deterrence Among Serious Juvenile Offenders. Criminology, 49 (3), 667-698. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 4] Aos, Steve, Robert Barnoski, and Roxanne Lieb. Preventive programs for young offenders: Effective and Cost effective. Overcrowded Times, 1998 (April), 9 (2), 1,7-11. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 2. September 1998. Apel, Robert and Gary Sweeten (2010). The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood. Social Problems, 57(3) 448-479. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 4] Apel, Robert and Julie Horney (2017). How and Why Does Work Matter? Employment Conditions, Routine Activities, and Crime among Adult Male Offenders. Criminology 55(2), 307-343. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 3] Apel, Robert, Shawn Bushway, Robert Brame, Amelia M. Haviland, Daniel S. Nagin, and Ray Paternoster (2007). Unpacking the Relationship between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behaviour: A Matched Samples Comparison. Criminology, 45 (1), 67-97. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 4, July 2007) Apel, Robert, Shawn D. Bushway, Raymond Paternoster, Robert Brame, and Gary Sweeten (2008). Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behaviour and Academic Achievement. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 24, 337-362. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 3] Appleby, Sara C., Lisa E. Hasel, and Saul M. Kassin (2013). Police-induced confessions: An empirical Analysis of Their Content and Impact. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 19 (2), 111-128. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 2] Applegate, Brandon K, and Joseph B. Sanborn (2011). Public Opinion on the Harshness of Local Courts: An Experimental Test of Question Wording Effects. Criminal Justice Review, 36(4), 487-497. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 4] Applegate, Brandon K., Francis T. Cullen, and Bonnie S. Fisher. Public support for correctional treatment: The continuing appeal of the rehabilitative ideal. The Prison Journal, Volume 77 (3), September 1997. 237-258. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 8. April 1998. Applegate, Brandon K., Francis T. Cullen, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Thomas Vander Ven. Forgiveness and Fundamentalism: Reconsidering the Relationship between Correctional Attitudes and Religion. Criminology, 2000, 38, 719-753. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 7. February 2001. Applegate, Brandon K., Robin King Davis, and Francis T. Cullen (2009). Reconsidering Child Saving: The Extent and Correlates of Public Support for Excluding Youths From the Juvenile Court. Crime and Delinquency, 55(1), 51-77. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 8] Appleton, Catherine and Grver, Bent (2007). The Pros and Cons of Life Without Parole. British Journal of Criminology, 47, 597-615. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 7]

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Ariel, Barak & 7 others (2016). Wearing Body Cameras Increases Assaults Against Officers and Does Not Reduce Police Use of Force. European Journal of Criminology, 13(6), 744-755. Contagious Accountability: A Global Multisite Randomized Control Trial on the Effect of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Citizens’ Complaints Against the Police. Criminal Justice & Behaviour, 20(10), 1-24. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 3] Arvanites, Thomas M. and Robert H. Defina (2006). Business Cycles and Street Crime. Criminology, 44 (1), 139-164. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 8. August 2006] Ashworth, Andrew (2002). Responsibilities, Rights, and Restorative Justice. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 578-595. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 1, December 2002 Auerhahn, Kathleen (2008). Using Simulation Modeling to Evaluate Sentencing Reform in California: Choosing the Future. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 4, 241-266. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 5] Auerhahn, Kathleen. Selective incapacitation and the problem of prediction. Criminology, 1999, 37 (4), 703-734. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 1. March 2000. Austin, James, John Clark, Patricia Hardyman, and D. Alan Henry. The impact of ‘three strikes and you’re out’. Punishment and Society, 1999, 1, 131-162. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 3. November 1999. Averdijk, Jan Zirk-Sadopwski, Denis Ribeaud, and Manuel Eisner (2016). Long-term effects of two childhood psychosocial interventions on adolescent delinquency, substance abuse, and antisocial behaviour: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 12, 21-47. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 8] Averdijk, Margit, Jean-Louis Van Gelder, Manuel Eisner, and Denis Ribeaud (2016). Violence Begets Violence… But How? A Decision-Making Perspective on the Victim-Offender Overlap. Criminology, 54, 282-306. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 4] Bäckman, Olaf, Filipe Estrada and Anders Nilsson (2018). Locked Up and Locked Out? The Impact of Imprisonment on Labour Market Attachment. British Journal of Criminology, 58, 1044-1065. [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 2] Bagaric, Mirko (2000). Home Truths about Home Detention. The Journal of Criminal Law, 66(5), 425- 443. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 6] Bagaric, Mirko (2000). Proportionality in Sentencing: Its Justification, Meaning, and Role. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 12, 143-163. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 8. July 2002. Baglivio, Michael T., Kevin T. Wolff, James C. Howell, et al. (2018). The Search for the Holy Grail: Criminogenic Needs Matching, Intervention Dosage, and Subsequent Recidivism Among Serious Juvenile Offenders in Residential Placement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 55, 46-57. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 6] Bailey, William C. and Ruth D. Peterson. Capital punishment, homicide and deterrence: An assessment of the evidence. In Studying and preventing homicide: Issues and Challenges. Smith, M. Dwayne and Margaret A. Zahn (editors). Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 5. September 1999. Baird, Christopher (2009). A Question of Evidence: A Critique of Risk Assessment Models Used in the Justice System. National Council on Crime and Delinquency. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 5] Bala, Nicholas, Peter J. Carrington, and Julian V. Roberts. (2009) Evaluating the Youth Criminal Justice Act After Five Years – A Qualified Success. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice , 51 (2), 131-167. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 1]

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Bales, William D. and Alex R. Piquero (2012). Assessing the impact of imprisonment on recidivism. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 8, 71-101. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 8] Bales, William D., Laura E. Bedard, Susan T. Quinn, David T. Ensley, and Glen P. Holley. (2005). Recidivism of Public and Private State Prison Inmates in Florida. Criminology and Public Policy, 4(1), 57- 82. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 3. June 2005] Balvig, Flemming, Helgi Gunnlaugsson, Kristina Jerr, Henrik Tham, and Aarne Kinnunen (2015). The Public Sense of Justice in Scandinavia: A study of Attitudes Towards Punishments. European Journal of Criminology, 12(3), 342-361. 24455 [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 8] Banks, Miller, Linda Camp Keith, and Jennifer S. Holmes (2015). Leveling the Odds: The Effect of Quality Legal Representation in Cases of Asymmetrical Capability. Law & Society Review, 49(1), 209- 239. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 7] Barkworth, Julie M, and Kristina Murphy (2015). Procedural Justice Policing and Citizen Compliance Behaviour: The Importance of Emotion. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21(3), 254-273. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 3] Barnert, Elizabeth S., Dudovitz, Rebecca, Nelson, Bergen B. et al. (2017). How Does Incarcerating young People Affect Their Adult Health Outcomes? Pediatrics [Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics], 139(2), 1-10. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 3] Barnes, Geoffrey C., Lindsay Ahlman, Carlotte Gill, Lawrence W. Sherman, Ellen Kurtz, and Robert Malvestuto (2010). Low-intensity Community Supervision for Low-risk Offenders: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6, 159-189. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 8]. Baron, Stephen W. and Leslie W. Kennedy. Deterrence and homeless male street youths. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1998, 40 (1), 27-60. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 4. July 1998. Baron, Stephen W. and Timothy F. Hartnagel (1997). Attributions, affect, and crime: Street youths’ reactions to unemployment. Criminology, 35 (3), 409-434. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 6. November 1997. Bartos, Bradley J. and Charis E. Kubrin (2018). Can We Downsize Prisons and Jails Without Compromising Public Safety? Findings from California’s Prop 47. Criminology & Public Policy, 17(3), 693-715. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 5] Batastini, Ashley B., Elizabeth Hunt, Julie Present-Koller and David DeMatteo (2011). Federal Standards for Community Registration of Juvenile Sex Offenders: an Evaluation of Risk Prediction and Future Implications. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 17 (3), 451-474. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 4] Baumer, Eric P. and Kimberly H. Martin (2013) Social Organization, Collective Sentiment, and Legal Sanctions in Murders Cases. American Journal of Sociology 119(1), 131-182. [Volume 14, Number 4, Item 8] Baumer, Terry L. (2007). Reducing Lockup Crowding with Expedited Initial Processing of Minor Offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 273-281. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 4]. Baumer, Terry L. and Kenneth Adams. (2006). Controlling a Jail Population by Partially Closing the Front Door: An Evaluation of a “Summons in Lieu of Arrest” policy. Prison Journal, 86 (3) 386-402. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 6, April 2007] Bayer, Patrick and Pozen, David E. (2005) The Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Public Versus Private Management. Journal of Law and Economics, XLVIII, 549-589. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 1, June 2006.

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Beattie, John (2007) Sir John Fielding and Public Justice: The Bow Street Magistrate’s Court, 1754- 1780. Law and History Review, 25 (1). [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 4, November 2006] Beckett, Katherine and Bruce Western. The penal system as labor market institution: jobs and jails, 1980-95. Overcrowded Times, December 1997, Volume 8, No. 6. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 1. April 1998. Beckett, Katherine and Steve Herbert (2010). Penal Boundaries: Banishment and the Expansion of Punishment. Law & Social Inquiry, 35 (1), 1-38. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 8] Beckett, Katherine and Theodore Sasson. The Politics of Injustice: Crime and Punishment in America (Second edition). 2004. Sage Publications. (Chapters 1, 8, 9). [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 3] Beckett, Katherine, Kris Nyrop, Lori Pfingst, and Melissa Bowen. (2005). Drug use, Drug Possession Arrests, and the Question of Race: Lessons from Seattle. Social Problems, 52 (3), 419-441. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 6, June 2006. Belenko, S. and Peugh, J. (1998). “Fighting crime by treating substance abuse”. Issues in Science and Technology, Fall, 53-60. From a report by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University: Behind Bars: Substance Abuse and America’s Prisons. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 7. March 1999. Belur, Juoti, Amy Thornton and four others (2020). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of the Electronic Monitoring of Offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 68, 1-18. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 8] Benaquisto, Lucia and Peter J. Freed. The myth of inmate lawlessness: The perceived contradiction between self and other in inmates’ support for criminal justice sanctioning norms. Law and Society Review, 1996, 30 (3), 481-511. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 3. September 1997. Benson, Michael L; G. L. Fox; A. DeMaris and J. Van Wyk (2003). Neighborhood Disadvantage, Individual Economic Distress and Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationships. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 207-235. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 7] Berenson, Jacqueline A. and Paul S. Appelbaum (2011). A Geospatial Analysis of the Impact of Sex Offender Residency Restrictions in Two New York Counties. Law and Human Behavior, 35, 235-246. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 5] Berg, Mark T., Eric A. Stewart, Jonathan Intravia, Patricia Y. Warren, and Ronald L. Simons (2016). Cynical Streets: Neighbourhood Social Processes and Perceptions of Criminal Injustice. Criminology, 54(3), 520-547. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 7] Bernburg, Jn Gunnar and Marvin D. Krohn (2003). Labelling, Life Chances, and Adult Crime: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Official Intervention in Adolescence on Crime in Early Adulthood. Criminology, 41 (4), 1287-1318. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 3] Bersani, Bianca E., Paul Nieuwbeerta, and John Laub (2009) Predicting Trajectories of Offending over the Life Course: Findings from a Dutch Conviction Cohort. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46 (4), 468-494. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 1] Bersani, Diana and Elaine Eggleston Doherty (2013). When the Ties That Bind Unwind: Examining the Enduring and Situational Processes of Change Behind the Marriage Effect. Criminology, 51 (2), 399-433. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 8] Best, David; John Strong; Tracy Beswick and Michael Gossop. 2001. Assessment of a Concentrated, High-Profile Police Operation. British Journal of Criminology 41: 738-745. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 3. March 2002.

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Bierie, David and Kathryn Murphy (2005) The Influence of Press Coverage on Prosecutorial Discretion: Examining Homicide Prosecutions, 1990-2000. Criminal Law Bulletin, 41(1), 60-74. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 8] Bishop, Donna M. Juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system. Crime and Justice: A review of research. Volume 27. Michael Tonry (ed.). University of Chicago Press: 2000. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 5. December 2000. Blais, Etienne and Benoit Dupont (2005) Assessing the Capability of Intensive Police Programmes to Prevent Severe Road Accidents. British Journal of Criminology, 45, 914-937. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 7; February 2006] Blake, L., and R. T. Coupe. The Impact of Single and Two-Officer Patrols on Catching Burglars in the Act. British Journal of Criminology, 2001, 41, 381-396. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 4. December 2001. Blumstein, Alfred and Kiminori Nakamura (2009). Redeption in the Presence of Widespread Criminal Background Checks. Criminology, 47(2), 327-359. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 6] Bondurant, Samuel R., Jason M. Lindo, and Isaac D. Swensen (2016). Substance Abuse Treatement Centers and Local Crime. National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA, USA) Working Paper 22610. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 2] Bonta, James, Tanya Rugge, Terri-Lynne Scott, Guy Bourgon, and Annie K. Yessine. (2008). Exploring the Black Box of Community Supervision. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 47(3), 248-270. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 3] Bor, Jacob, Atheendar S. Venkataramani, David R. Williams, and Alexander C. Tsai (2018). Police Killings and Their Spillover Effects on the Mental Health of Black Americans: A Population-based, Quasi-experimental Study. The Lancet, 392, 302-310. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 2] Bottcher, Jean and Michael E. Ezell (2005). Examining the Effectiveness of Boot Camps: A Randomized Experiment with a Long-term Follow up. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42(3), 309-332. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 7; November 2005) Bouffard, Jeff A. and LaQuana N. Askew (2019). Time-Series Analyses of the Impact of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Law Implementation and Subsequent Modifications on Rates of Sexual Offences. Crime & Delinquency, 65(11), 1483-1512. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 8] Bouffard, Jeffrey A., Doris Layton MacKenzie, and Laura J. Hickman. Effectiveness of vocational education and employment programs for adults offenders: A methodology-based analysis of the literature. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2000, 31, 1-41. Cecil, Dawn K, Daniella A. Drapkin, Doris L. MacKenzie, and Laura J. Hickman. The effectiveness of adult basic education and life-skills programs in reducing recidivism: A review and assessment of the research. Journal of Correctional Education, 2000, 51, 207-226. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 2. October 2000. Bowers, Kate J., Shane D. Johnson, and Alex Hirschfield. (2004). The Measurement of Crime Prevention Intensity and its Impact on Levels of Crime. British Journal of Criminology, 44, 419-440. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 6] Boyle, Douglas, J., Laura M. Ragusa-Salerno, Jennifer L. Lanterman, and Andrea Fleisch Marcus. An Evaluiation of Day Reporting Centres for Parolees: Outcomes of a Randomized Trial. Criminology & Public Policy, 12 (1), 119-143. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 4]

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Bradford, Ben, Jonathan Jackson, and Elizabeth A. Stanko (2009). Contact and Confidence: Revisiting the Impact of Public Encounters with the Police. Policing & Society, 19 (1), 20-46. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 3] Braga, Anthony A. (2016) The continued importance of measuring potentially harmful impacts of crime prevention programs. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 12, 1-20. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 5] Braga, Anthony A., Anne M. Piehl, and David Hureau (2009). Controlling Violent Offenders Released to the Community: An Evaluation of the Boston Reentry Initiative. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46 (4), 411-436. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 5] Braga, Anthony A., Brandon C. Welsh, and Cory Schnell (2015). Can Policing Disorder Reduce Crime? A Systematic Review and Meta-analylsis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(4), 567- 588. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 2] Bratton, William J. Crime is down in New York City: Blame the police. Pollard, Charles. Zero tolerance: Short term fix, long term liability? Both articles in Dennis, Norman (editor). Zero tolerance: Policing a free society. London, England: Institute of Economic Affairs Health and Welfare Unit, 1997. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 5. April 1998. Brayne, Sarah (2014). Surveillance and System Avoidance: Criminal Justice Contact and Institutional Attachment. American Sociological Review, 79(3), 367-391. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 4] Brayne, Sarah (2017). Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing. American Sociological Review, 82(5), 977-1008. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 5] Brereton, David. How different are rape trials? A comparison of the cross-examination of complainants in rape and assault trials. British Journal of Criminology, 1997, 37(2), 242-261. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 5. September 1997. Bridenball, Blaine and Paul Jesilow. (2005) Weeding Criminals or Planting Fear: An Evaluation of a Weed and Seed Project. Criminal Justice Review, 30(1), 64-89. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 4, June 2006. Brooks-Hay, Oona (2020). Doing the “Right Thing”? Understanding Why Rape Victims-Survivors Report to the Police. Feminist Criminology, 15(2), 174-195. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 2] Brown, Elizabeth K., and Kelly M. Socia (2017). Twenty-first Century Punitiveness: Social Sources of Punitive American Views Reconsidered. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33, 935-959. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 8] Brown, Mark. Serious violence and dilemmas of sentencing: A comparison of three incapacitation policies. Criminal Law Review, 1998, 710-722. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 2. December 1998. Browning, Christopher R. and Aubrey L. Jackson (2013). The Social Ecology of Public Space: Active Streets and Violent Crime in Urban Neighbourhoods. Criminology, 51 (4), 1009-1043. Volume 14, Number 4, Item 7] Brownlee, Ian. Community punishment: A critical introduction. London and New York: Longman. 1998. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 3. April 1999. Brunson, Rod K. and Brian A. Wade (2019). “Oh Hell No, We Don’t Talk to Police”. Insights on the Lack of Cooperation in Police Investigations of Urban Gun Violence. Criminology & Public Policy, 18, 623-648. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 3]

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Burnett, Ros and Shadd Maruna. (2004) So ‘Prison Works’, Does it? The Criminal Careers of 130 Men Released from Prison under Home Secretary, Michael Howard. The Howard Journal, 43, 390-404. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 5. March 2005. Burt, Callie Harbin, Ronald L. Simons, and Frederick X. Gibbons (2012). Racial Discimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience. American Sociological Review, 77(4), 648-677. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 3] Buruma, Ybo (2007). Dutch Tolerance: On Drugs, Prostitution, and Euthanasia. In Tonry, Michael and Catrien Bijleveld. Crime and Justice in the Netherlands. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Volume 35. University of Chicago Press. Pakes, Francis (2009). Globalisation and the Governance of Dutch Coffee Shops. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice, 17, 243-257. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 5] Bushway, Shawn D. and Robert Apel (2012). A Signaling Perspective on Employment-Based Reentry Programming: Training Completion as a Desistance Signal. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(1), 17-50. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 8] Bushway, Shawn D., Paul Nieubeerta, and Arjan Blokland (2011). The Predictive Value of Criminal Background Checks: Do Age and Criminal History Affect Time to Redemption? Criminology, 49(1), 27-60. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 5] Butts, Jeffrey A. and Adele V. Harrell. Delinquents or criminals: Policy options for young offenders. The Urban Institute: Crime Policy report. June 1998. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 4. December 1998. Camp, Scott D. and Gerald G. Gaes (2002). Growth and Quality of U.S. Private Prisons: Evidence from a National Survey. Criminology and Public Policy, 1, 427-450. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 1. October 2002. Campana, Paolo, and Federico Varese (2013). Cooperation in Criminal Organizations: Kinship and Violence as Credible Commitments. Rationality & Society, 25, 263-289. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 1] Campbell, Michael C. (2014) The Emergence of Penal Extremism in California: A Dynamic View of Institutional Structures and Political Processes. Law & Society Review 48(2), 377-409. Volume 14, Number 4, Item 3] Cano, Mario V. and Cassia Spohn (2012). Circumventing the Penalty for Offenders Facing Mandatory Minimums. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39 (3), 308-322. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 3] Carlsmith, Kevin M., John Monahan, and Alison Evans (2007). The Function of Punishment in the “Civil” Commitment of Sexually Violent Predators. Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 25, 437-448. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 6, December 2007] Carrington, Peter J. Trends in youth crime in Canada, 1977-1996. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1999, 41, 1-32. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 7. April 1999. Carrington, Peter J. and Jennifer L. Schulenberg (2008). Structuring Police Discretion: The Effects on Referrals to Youth Court. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19(3), 349-367. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 1] Cauffman, Elizabeth and Laurence Steinberg. (Im)maturity of Judgement in Adolescence: Why Adolescents may be less Culpable than Adults. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 2000, 18, 731-760. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 4. May 2001.

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Caulkins, Jonathan P. and Peter Reuter (2010). How Drug Enforcement Affects Drug Prices. In Tonry, Michael (ed.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 39. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 8] Caulkins, Jonathan P., C. Peter Rydell, William L. Schwabe, and James Chiesa. Mandatory minimum drug sentences: Throwing away the key or the taxpayers’ money. Rand Corporation, Drug Policy Research Centre, 1997. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 7. September 1998. Chalmers, James, Peter Duff, and Fiona Leverick (2007). Victim Impact Statements: Can Work, Do Work (For Those Who Bother to Make Them). Criminal Law Review, 360-379. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 1, December 2007] Chamblin, Mitchell B., Andrew J. Myer, Beth A. Sanders, and John K. Cochran (2008). Abortion as Crime Control: A Cautionary Tale. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19(2), 135-152. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 8] Chamlin, Mitchell B. and John K. Cochran. Social altruism and crime. Criminology, 1997, 35(2), 203- 227. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 1. September 1997. Chan, Janet, Jenny Bargen, Garth Luke and Garner Clancey. (2004) Regulating Police Discretion: An Assessment of the Impact of the NSW Young Offenders Act 1997. Criminal Law Journal, 28, 72-92. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 7; October 2004] Chiricos, Ted, Kathy Padgett, and Marc Gertz. Fear, TV News, and the Reality of Crime. Criminology, 2000, 38, 755-785. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 6. February 2001. Chiricos, Ted, Kelle Barrick, and William Bales (2007). The labeling of convicted felons and its consequences for recidivism. Criminology, 45 (3), 547-581. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 1] Chiricos, Ted, Michael Hogan, and Marc Gertz. Racial composition of neighbourhood and fear of crime. Criminology, 1997, 35 (1), 107-129. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 7. September 1997. Chiricos, Ted, Sarah Eschholz, and Marc Gertz. Crime, news, and fear of crime: Toward an identification of audience effects. Social Problems, August 1997, Volume 44 (3), 342-357. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 3. April 1998. Chiricos, Ted, Welch, Kelly, and Gertz, Marc. (2004) Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures. Criminology, 42, 359-389. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 5] Chorn, Jacqueline Austin and Margaret Bull Kovera (2019). Variations in Reliability and Validity Do Not Influence Judge, Attorney, and Mock Juror Decisions about Psychological Expert Evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 43(6), 542-557. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 7] Clair, Matthew and Alix S. Winter (2016). How Judges Think About Racial Disparities: Situational Decision-Making in the Criminal Justice System. Criminology, 54, 332-359. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 1] Clark, Valerie A. (2015). Making the Most of Second Chances: An Evaluation of Minnesota’s High- Risk Revocation Reduction Reentry Program. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11, 193-215. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 7] Clear, Todd (2008). The Effects of High Imprisonment Rates on Communities. In Tonry, Michael (ed.). Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 37. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 2]

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Cochran, Joshua C., Elisa L. Toman, Ryan T. Shield, and Daniel P. Mears (2021). A Uniquely Punitive Turn? Sex Offenders and the Persistence of Punitive Sanctioning. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 58(1), 74-118. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 8] Cohen, Alma and Crystal S. Yang (December 2017). Judicial Politics and Sentencing Decisions. Discussion Paper No. 943. The John M. Olin Centre for Law, Economics, and Business. Harvard University. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 5] Cohen, Jacqueline; Wilpen Gorr and Piyusha Singh (2003). Estimating Intervention Effects in Varying Risk Settings: Do Police Raids Reduce Illegal Drug Dealing at Nuisance Bars? Criminology, 41 (2), 257-292. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 5] Cohen, Mark A., Roland T. Rust, and Sara Steen (2006). Prevention, Crime Control or Cash? Public Preferences Towards Criminal Justice Spending Priorities. Justice Quarterly, 23 (3), 317-335. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 8, January 2007] Coid, Jeremy, Min Yang, Simone Ullrich, Tianqiang Zhang, Steve Sizmur, Colin Roberts, David P. Farrington, and Robert D. Rogers (2009). Gender Differences in Structured Risk Assessment: Comparing the Accuracy of Five Instruments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77 (2), 337- 348. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 2] Collins, Paul M., Jr., Kenneth L. Manning, and Robert A. Carp (2010). Gender, Critical Mass, and Judicial Decision Making. Law and Policy, 32 (2), 260-281. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 6] Cook Philip J. and Harold A. Pollack (2017). Reducing Access to Guns by Violent Offenders. The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 3(5), 1-36. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 2] Cook, Philip J, Robert MacCoun, Clara Muschkin, and Jacob Vigdor (2008). The Negative Impacts of Starting Middle School in Sixth Grade. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 27(1), 104-121. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 4] Cook, Philip J. and Jens Ludwig (2004). Does Gun Prevalence Affect Teen Gun Carrying After All? Criminology, 42 (1), 27-53. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 1] Cook, Philip J., Anthony A. Braga, Brandon S. Turchan, and Lisa M. Carao (2019). Why Do Gun Murders Have a Higher Clearance Rate than Gunshot Assaults? Criminology & Public Policy, 18, 525- 551. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 2] Cook, Philip J., Denise C. Gottfredson, and Chongmin Na. (2010). School Crime Control and Prevention. In Tonry, Michael (editor) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Volume 39). [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 6] Cook, Philip J., Richard J. Harris, Jens Ludwig, and Harold A. Pollack (2014). Some Sources of Crime Guns in Chicago: Dirty Dealers, Straw Purchasers, and Traffickers. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 104 (4), 717-760. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 1] Cook, Philip J., Songman Kang, Anthony A. Braga, Jens Ludwig, and Mallory E. O’Brien (2015). An Experimental Evaluation of a Comprehensive Employment-Oriented Prisoner Re-entry Program. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31, 335-382. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 3] Cooney, Mark. The decline of elite homicide (1997). Criminology, 35, 381-407. Black, Donald. Crime as social control (1983). American Sociological Review, 48, 34-45. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 3. January 1998. Costelloe, Michael T., Ted Chiricos, and Marc Gertz (2009). Punishment and Society, 11(1), 25-49. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 6]

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Coventry, Garry. Introduction; Harding, Richard. Prison Privatisation: The Debate Starts to Mature. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 1999, 11, 110-118. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 1. February 2001. Crawford, Adam (2009). Criminalizing Sociability through Anti-social Behaviour Legislation: Dispersal Powers, Young People, and the Police. Youth Justice, 9(1), 5-26. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 7] Crawford, Emma and Ray Bull (2006). Teenagers’ Difficulties with Key Words Regarding the Criminal Court Process. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12 (6), 653-667. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 2, April 2007] Cross, Amanda Brown, Denise C. Gottfredson, Denise M. Wilson, Melissa Rorie, and Nadine Connell (2009). The impact of after-school programs on the routine activities of middle-school students: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Criminology and Public Policy, 8(2), 391-412. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 5] Crozier, William E., Timothy J. Luke, and Deryn Strange (2020). Taking the Bait: Interrogation Questions about Hypothetical Evidence May Inflate Perceptions of Guilt. Psychology, Crime & Law 26(9), 902-925. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 6] Crutchfield, Robert D., Ross L. Matsueda, and Kevin Drakulich (2006). Race, Labour Markets, and Neighbourhood Violence. In Peterson, Ruth D. et al. The Many Colours of Crime: Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. New York University Press. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 8, December 2007] Culhane, Scott E., Harmon M. Hosch, and William G. Weaver. (2004) Crime Victims Serving as Jurors: Is There Bias Present? Law and Human Behaviour, 28(6), 649-659. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 2] Cullen, Francis T., J. P. Wright, S. Brown, M. M. Moon, Michael Blankenship, B. K. Applegate. Public support for early intervention programs: Implications for a progressive policy agenda. Crime and Delinquency, 1998, 44, 187-204. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 8. July 1998. Cullen, Francis T., John Paul Wright, and Mitchell B. Chamlin. Social support and social reform: A progressive crime control agenda. Crime and Delinquency, 1999 (April) 45 (2) 188-207. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 5. June 1999. Cullen, Francis T., Kristie R. Blevins, Jennifer S. Trager, and Paul Gendreau (2005). The Rise and Fall of Boot Camps: A Case Study in Common-Sense Corrections. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 40 (3/4), 53-70. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 8, June 2006. Cullen, Francis T., Paul Gendreau, G. Roger Jarjoura, and John Paul Wright. Crime and the Bell Curve: Lessons from Intelligent Criminology. (October 1997). Crime and Delinquency, 43, 387-411. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 6. January 1998. Curry, Theodore R. Conservative Protestantism and the perceived wrongfulness of crimes: A research note. Criminology, 1996, 34 (3), 453-464. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 6. December 1998. D’Alessio, Stewart J. and Lisa Stolzenberg (1997). The effect of available capacity on jail incarceration: An empirical test of Parkinson’s Law. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25 (4), 279-288. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 1. November 1997. Daly, Kathleen. (2002) Restorative Justice: The Real Story. Punishment and Society, 4, 55-79. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 2; October 2004]

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Daly, Martin, Margo Wilson, and Shawn Vasdev. Income Inequality and Homicide Rates in Canada and the United States. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 2001, 219-236. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 3. July 2001. Danziger, Shai, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso (2011). Extraneous factors in judicial decisions. PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA), 108 (17), 6889-6892. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 1] Davis, Deborah and William C. Follette (2002). Rethinking the Probative Value of Evidence: Base Rates, Intuitive Profiling, and the “Postdiction” of Behavior. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 133-158. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 5. July 2002. Davis, Robert C., Barbara E. Smith, and Laura B. Nickles. The deterrent effect of prosecuting domestic violence misdemeanors. Crime and Delinquency, 1998, 44 (3), 434-442. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 8. September 1998. Dawson, Myrna, and Ronit Dinovitzer (2001). Victim Cooperation and the Prosecution of Domestic Violence in a Specialized Court. Justice Quarterly, 18, 593-622. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 8. December 2001. Dayan, Kobi, Shaul Fox, and Michal Morag (2013). Validation of Spouse Violence Risk Assessment Inventory for Police Purposes. Journal of Family Violence, 28, 811-821. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 7] De Fronzo, James and Lance Hannon. Welfare assistance levels and homicide rates. Homicide Studies, 1998, 2 (1), 31-45. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 1. July 1998. De Keijser, Jan W., Evianne GM de Lange, and Johan A. van Wilsem (2014). Wrongful Convictions and the Blackstone Ratio: An Empirical Analysis of Public Attitudes. Punishment & Society, 16(1) 32- 49. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 4] Deffenbacher, Kenneth A., Brian H. Bornstein, Steven D. Penrod, and E. Kierman McGorty. (2004). A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects of High Stress on Eyewitness Memory. Law and Human Behaviour, 28(6), 687-706. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 3] Del Toro, Juan (and 9 others) (2019). The Criminogenic and Psychological Effects of Police Stops on Adolescent Black and Latino Boys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(17), 8261- 8268. [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 3] DeMatteo, David, Stephen D. Hart, Kirk Heilbrun and 10 others (2020). Statement of Concerned Experts on the Use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in Capital Sentencing to Assess Risk for Institutional Violence. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 26(2), 133-144. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 6] Dennison, Christopher R. and Stephen Demuth (2018). The More You Have, The More You Lose: Criminal Justice Involvement, Ascribed Socioeconomic Status, and Achieved SES. Social Problems, 65, 195-210. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 8] Denver, Megan, Garima Siwach, and Shawn D. Bushway (2017). A New Look at the Employment and Recidivism Relationship Through the Lens of a Criminal Background Check. Criminology, 55(1), 174-204. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 1] Dervan, Lucien E., and Vanessa A. Edkins (2013). The Innocent Defendant’s Dilemma: An Innovative Empirical Study of Plea Bargaining’s Innocence Problem. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 103(1) 1-48. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 2]

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DeWitt, Samuel E. and Megan Denver (2019). Criminal Records, Positive Employment Credentials, and Race. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency (2019: Online First). [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 6] Dhami, Mandeep K. (2005) From Discretion to Disagreement: Explaining Disparities in Judges’ Pretrial Decisions. Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 23, 367-386. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 5; November 2005) Dinovitzer, Ronit and Dawson, Myrna (2007). Family-based Justice in the Sentencing of Domestic Violence. British Journal of Criminology, 47, 655-670. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 8] Dinovitzer, Ronit, John Hagan, and Ron Levi (2009). Immigration and Youthful Illegalities in a Global Edge City. Social Forces 88(1), 337-372. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 1] Dixon, David (2005) Why Don’t the Police Stop Crime? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 38(1), 4-24. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 1; November 2005) Dobbie, Will, Jacob Goldin, and Crystal S. Yang (2018). The Effects of Pretrial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges. American Economic Review, 108(2), 201-240. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 7] Doleac, Jennifer L. and Benjamin Hansen (2016). Does “Ban the Box” Help or Hurt Low-Skilled Workers? Statistical Discrimination and Employment Outcomes When Criminal Histories are Hidden. Working Paper 22469. National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA, USA). [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 2] Donohue, E., Schiraldi, V. & Ziedenberg, J. (1999). School House Hype: School Shooting and the Real Risks Kids Face in America. Washington, D.C.: The Justice Policy Institute, Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 1. March 1999. Doob, A. N. and Jane B. Sprott. Is the “quality” of youth violence becoming more serious? Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1998, 185-194. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 2. July 1998. Doob, Anthony N. Transforming the Punishment Environment: Understanding Public Views of What Should be Accomplished at Sentencing. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 2000, 42, 323-340. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 5. May 2001. Doob, Anthony N. and Cheryl Marie Webster (2003). Sentence Severity and Crime: Accepting the Null Hypothesis. In Michael Tonry (ed.). Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 30. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 143-195. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 1] Doob, Anthony N. and Cheryl Marie Webster (2006). Countering Punitiveness: Understanding Stability in Canada’s Imprisonment Rate. Law & Society Review, 40 (2), 325-367. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 6. August 2006] Doob, Anthony N. and Webster, Cheryl Marie (2014) Creating the Will to Change: The Challenges of Decarceration in the US. Criminology & Public Policy, 13(4), 547-559. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 6] Doob, Anthony N., Cheryl Marie Webster, and Allan Manson (2014). Zombie Parole: The Withering of Conditional Release in Canada. Criminal Law Quarterly, 61, 301-328. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 7] Douglas, Kevin S., Monica E. Epstein, and Norman G. Poythress (2008). Criminal Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders: Testing the Incremental and Predictive Validity of Three Measures of Psychopathic Features. Law and Human Behaviour, 32, 423-438. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 5]

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Dressel, Julia and Hany Farid (2018) The Accuracy, Fairness, and Limits of Predicting Recidivism. Science Advances (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 4. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 1] Duff, R.A. (2003). Probation, Punishment and Restorative Justice: Should Al Truism be Engaged in Punishment? The Howard Journal, 42(1), 181-197. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 4; October 2003] Dugan, L., Nagin, D.S., & Rosenfeld, R. (1999). Explaining the decline in intimate partner homicide: The effects of changing domesticity, women’s status, and domestic violence resources. Homicide Studies, 3 (3), 187-214. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 1. November 1999. Dugan, Laura, Daniel S. Nagin, and Richard Rosenfeld. (2003). Exposure Reduction or Retaliation? The Effects of Domestic Violence Resources on Intimate-Partner Homicide. Law and Society Review, 37, 169-198. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 4. July 2003. During, Caleb (2006). Never Going Home: Does it Make Us Safer? Does it Make Sense? Sex Offenders, Residency Restrictions, and Reforming Risk Management Law. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 97(1), 317-363. . (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 5, July 2007) Durlauf, Steven N. and Daniel S. Nagin (2011). Imprisonment and Crime: Can Both Be Reduced? Criminology and Public Policy, 10(1), 9-54. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 1] Duwe, Grant (2015). The Benefits of Keeping Idle Hands Busy: An Outcome Evaluation of a Prisoner Reentry Employment Program. Crime & Delinquency, 61(4), 559-586. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 3] Duwe, Grant (2018). Can Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) Significantly Reduce Recidivism? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Minnesota. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14, 463-484. . [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 8] Duwe, Grant and Valerie Clark (2013). The Effects of Private Prison Confinement on Offender Recidivism: Evidence from Minnesota. Criminal Justice Review, 38(3), 375-394. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 2] Eastwood, Joseph, Brent Snook, and Kirk Luther (2015). Measuring the Reading Complexity and Oral Comprehension of Canadian Youth Waiver Forms. Crime & Delinquency, 61(6), 798-828. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 7] Eastwood, Joseph, Brent Snook, and Sarah J. Chaulk (2010). Measuring Reading Complexity and Listening Comprehension of Canadian Police Cautions. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37 (4), 453-471. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 7] Edwards, Frank (2016). Saving Children, Controlling Families: Punishment, Redistribution, and Child Protection. American Sociological Review, 81(3), 575-595. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 4] Eggleston, Elaine P. and John H. Laub (2002). The Onset of Adult Offending: A Neglected Dimension of the Criminal Career. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 603-622. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 7] Eisenberg, Theodore and Valerie P. Hans (2007). Taking a Stand on Taking the Stand: The Effect of a Prior Criminal Record on the Decision to Testify and on Trial Outcomes. Cornell Law School, Legal Studies Research Paper No. 07-012. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 7] Eisner, Manuel. (2009) No effects in independent prevention trials: Can we reject the cynical view? Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5, 163-183. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 6]

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Elkund, Jenny M. and Johan Fritzell (2014). Keeping Delinquency at Bay: The Role of the School Context for Impulsive and Sensation-Seeking Adolescents. European Journal of Criminology, 11(6), 682- 70. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 3] Engel, Robin Shepard and Jennifer M. Calnon (2004). Examining the Influence of Drivers’ Characteristics during Traffic Stops with Police: Results from a National Survey. Justice Quarterly, 21, 49-90. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 4] Engel, Robin Shepard and Robert E. Worden. (2003). Police Officers’ Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences: An Analysis of Problem Solving. Criminology, 41, 131-166. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 8. July 2003. Engen, Rodney L. and Sara Steen. The Power to Punish: Discretion and Sentencing Reform in the War on Drugs. American Journal of Sociology, 2000, 105(5), 1357-95. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 7. July 2001. Englich, Birte, Thomas Mussweiler, and Fritz Strack. (2006) Playing Dice with Criminal Sentences: The Influence of Irrelevant Anchors on Experts’ Judicial Decision Making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32 (2) 188-200. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 2, November 2006] Enns, Peter K. The Public’s Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States. American Journal of Political Science (in press: Published online 5 March 2014). Volume 14, Number 4, Item 2] Erez, Edna, Leigh Roeger, and Frank Morgan (1997). Victim harm, impact statements and victim satisfaction with justice: An Australian experience. International Review of Victimology, 5, 37-60. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 3. November 1997. Ericson, Richard V. and Aaron Doyle (2006). The Institutionalization of Deceptive Sales in Life Insurance. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 993-1010. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 3, January 2007] Esbensen, Finn-Aage, D. Wayne Osgood, Dana Peterson, Terrance J. Taylor, and Dena C. Carson. (2013) Short-and Long-Term Outcome Results from a Multisite Evaluation of the G.R.E.A.T. Program. Criminology & Public Policy, 12(3) 373-411. Pyrooz, David C. (2013). Gangs, Criminal Offending, and an Inconvenient Truth. Criminology & Public Policy, 12(3) 427-436. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 3] Esbensen, Finn-Aage, L. T. Winfree, Jr., Ni He, T. J. Taylor. Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang a Gang and Why Does it Matter? Crime & Delinquency, 2001, 47 (1), 105-130. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 8. May 2001. Esterling, Kevin M. Public outreach: the cornerstone of judicial independence. Judicature, November-December 1998, 82 (3), 112-117.Volume 2, Number 3, Item 6. April 1999. Estrada, Felipe. Juvenile Violence as a Social Problem: Trends, Media Attention and Societal Response. 2001. British Journal of Criminology 41: 639-655. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 8. March 2002. Evans, Douglas N., and Jeremy R. Porter (2015). Criminal History and Landlord Rental Decisions: A New York Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11, 21-42. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 5] Everett, Ronald S. and Roger A. Wojkiewicz (2002). Difference, Disparity, and Race/Ethnic Bias in Federal Sentencing. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 189-211. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 6, December 2002

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Fagan, Jeffrey, Franklin E. Zimring, and June Kim. Declining homicide in New York City: A tale of two trends. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 1998, 88, 1277-1323. Maltz, Michael D. Which homicides decreased? Why? (p.1389-96). Volume 2, Number 5, Item 7. September 1999. Farrell, Graham, Nick Tilley, and Andromachi Tseloni (2014). Why the Crime Drop? Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Michael Tonry, ed.), 43, 421-490. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 8] Fass, Simon M. and Chung-Ron Pi (2002). Getting Tough on Juvenile Crime: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39, 363-399. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 8, March 2003. Feder, Lynette and Laura Dugan (2002). A Test of the Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence Offenders: The Broward Experiment. Justice Quarterly, 19, 343-375. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 7. October 2002 Feld, Barry C. (2013). Real Interrogation: What Actually Happens When Cops Question Kids. Law & Society Review, 47 (1), 1-35. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 2] Felson, Marcus and 11 others. (1996). Redesigning Hell: Preventing crime and disorder at the Port Authority Bus Terminal. In Preventing Mass Transit Crime Ronald V. Clarke, editor). Crime Prevention Studies, Volume 6. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 1. January 1998. Felson, Richard B., Jeffrey M. Ackerman, and Catherine Gallagher (2005). Police Intervention and the Repeat of Domestic Assault. Criminology, 43 (3), 563-588. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 5; February 2006] Felson, Richard, Jukka Savolainen, Mikko Aaltonen, and Heta Moustgaard (2008). Is the Association Between Alcohol Use and Delinquency Causal or Spurious? Criminology, 46 (2), 785-808. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 2] Ferraro, Vincent (2016). Immigration and Crime in the New Destinations, 2000-2007: A Test of the Disorganizing Effect of Migration. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 32, 23-45. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 2] Fielding, Nigel G. (2013). Lay People in Court: The Experience of Defendants, Eyewitnesses, and Victims. British Journal of Sociology, 64 (2), 287-307. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 2] Finn, Peter. Job placement for offenders in relation to recidivism. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 1998, 28 (1/2), 89-106. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 5. April 1999. Fishbane, Alissa, Aurelie Ouss, and Anuj K. Shah (2020). Behavioural nudges reduce failure to appear in Court. Science 10.1126/science.abb6591 (2020). [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 3] Fite, Paula J., Porche’ Wynn, and Dustin A. Pardini (2009). Explaining Discrepancies in Arrest Rates Between Black and White Male Juveniles. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 916-927. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 2] Fitzgerald, Jacqueline (2008). Does Circle Sentencing Reduce Aboriginal Offending? Crime and Justice Bulletin: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice. Number 115. New South Wales (Australia) Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 6] Fitzgerald, Robin T. and Peter J. Carrington (2011). Disproportionate Minority Contact in Canada: Police and Visible Minority Youth. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 53(4), 449-486. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 5]

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Flannery, Daniel J., Mark Singer, Laura Williams, and Peter Castro. Adolescent violence exposure and victimization at home: Coping and psychological trauma symptoms. International Review of Victimology, 1998, 6, 29-48. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 1. April 1999. Fletcher, Joseph F. and Paul Howe. Canadian attitudes toward the Charter and the Courts in comparative perspective. Supreme Court Cases and Court Support: The State of Canadian Public Opinion. Choices, Volume 6, Number 3. Montreal: Institute for Research in Public Policy, 2000. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 7. July 2000. Foglia, Wanda D. Perceptual deterrence and the mediating effect of internalized norms among inner-city teenagers. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1997, 34, 414-442. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 3. July 1998. Foster, Holly and John Hagan (2016). Maternal and Paternal Imprisonment and Children’s Social Exclusion in Young Adulthood. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 105(2), 387-429. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 8] Franklin, Travis W. and Noelle E. Fearn (2015). Sentencing Asian Offenders in State Courts: The Influence of a Prevalent Stereotype. Crime & Delinquency, 61(1), 96-120. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 6] Frarrell, Amy and Daniel Givelber (2010). Liberation Reconsidered: Understanding Why Judges and Juries Disagree About Guilt. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 100 (4), 1549-1586. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 6] Frase, Richard S. Sentencing guidelines in Minnesota, other states, and the federal courts: A 20 year retrospective. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 1999, 12(2), 69-82. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 5. October 2000. Freiberg, Arie. “Guerrillas in our Midst? Judicial Responses to Governing the Dangerous” in Mark Brown and John Pratt (eds.) Dangerous Offenders: Punishment and Social Order. New York and London: Routledge, 2000. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 6. July 2001. Freiberg, Arie. Affective versus Effective Justice: Instrumentalism and Emotionalism in Criminal Justice. Punishment and Society, 2000, 65, 547-559. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 1. September 2001. Freiberg, Arie. Commercial Confidentiality and Public Accountability for the Provision of Correctional Services. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 1999, 11, 119-134. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 2. February 2001. Freng, Adrienne and Finn-Aage Esbensen (2007). Race and Gang Affiliation: An Examination of Multiple Marginality. Justice Quarterly, 24(4), 600-628. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 8] Friedson, Michael, and Patrick Sharkey (2015) Violence and Neighbourhood Disadvantage after the Crime Decline. Annals, AAPSS, July 2015, 341-358. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 7] Gaes, Gerald G. and Scott D. Camp (2009). Unintended consequences: Experimental Evidence for the Criminogenic Effect of Prison Security Level on Post-Release Recidivism. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5, 139-162. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 2] Gainey, Randy R. and Brian K. Payne. Understanding the experience of house arrest with electronic monitoring: An analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2000, 44, 84-96. Bonta, James, Suzanne Wallace-Capretta, and Jennifer Rooney. Can electronic monitoring make a difference? An evaluation of three Canadian programs. Crime and delinquency, 2000, 46, 61-75. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 4. May 2000.

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Galliher, John F., David P. Keys, and Michael Elsner. Lindesmith v. Anslinger: An early government victory in the failed war on drugs. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1998, 88 (2), 661-682. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 8. December 1998. Garland, David. The culture of high crime societies: Some preconditions of recent ‘law and order’ policies. British Journal of Criminology, 2000, 40, 347-375. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 4. December 2000. Gartner, Rosemary and Candace Kruttschnitt (2004). A Brief History of Doing Time: The California Institution for Women in the 1960s and the 1990s. Law and Society Review, 38, 267-303. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 5; October 2004] Gartner, Rosemary, Anthony N. Doob, and Franklin E. Zimring (2011). The Past as Prologue? Decarceration in California Then and Now. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 287-325. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 5] Gershoff, Elizabeth T. and Susan H. Bitensky. (2007). The Case Against Corporal Punishment: Converging Evidence from Social Science Research and International Human Rights Law and Implications for U.S. Public Policy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 13(4), 231-272. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 8] Ghandnoosh, Nazgol (2014). Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies. Washington, D.C.: The Sentencing Project. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 5] Gies, Lieve. (2005) The Empire Strikes Back: Press Judges and Communication Advisers in Dutch Courts. Journal of Law and Society, 32(3), 450-72. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 8; November 2005) Gilling, Daniel and Adrian Barton. Dangers Lurking in the Deep: The Transformative Potential of the Crime Audit. Criminal Justice, 5 (2), 163-180. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 8; February 2006] Giordano, Peggy C.; Stephen A. Cernkovich and Donna D. Holland (2003). Changes in Friendship Relations over the Life Course: Implications for Desistance from Crime. Criminology, 41, 293-327. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 6] Goffman, Alice (2009). On the Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto. American Sociological Review, 74, 339-357. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 4] Goodman, Lisa A. and Jennifer E. Fauci (2020). The Long Shadow of Family Separation: A Structural and Historical Introduction to Mandatory Reporting in the Domestic Violence Context. Lippy, Carrie and four others. The Impact of Mandatory Reporting Laws on Survivors of Intimate Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 35, 217-223 and 255-267. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 1] Gordon, Robert M. Criminal business organizations, street gangs, and “wanna-be” groups: A Vancouver perspective. Canadian Journal of Criminology, January 2000, 39-60. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 5. March 2000. Gottfredson, Denise C. and 6 others (2020). Effects of School Resource Officers on School Crime and Responses to School Crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 19, 905-940. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 5] Gottfredson, Denise C. “Chapter 3: School Effects” in Schools and Delinquency. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 4. July 2001. Gottfredson, Denise C., Cross, Amanda, and Soulé, David A. (2007). Distinguishing Characteristics of Effective and Ineffective After-School Programs to Prevent Delinquency and Victimization. Criminology and Public Policy, 6 (2) 289-318. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 1]

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Gottfredson, Denise C., Stacy S. Najaka, and Brook Kearley (2003). Effectiveness of Drug Treatment Courts: Evidence from a Randomized Trial. Criminology and Public Policy, 2, 171-196. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 8; October 2003] Gould, Jon B. and Richard A. Leo (2010). One Hundred Years later: Wrongful Convictions After a Century of Research. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 100 (3), 825-868. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 3] Graham, John. What works in preventing criminality. In Reducing offending: An assessment of research evidence on ways of dealing with offending behaviour. Goldblatt, Peter, and Chris Lewis (editors). London: Home Office, 1998. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 4. September 1999. Grattet, Ryken, Jeffrey Lin, and Joan Petersilia (2011). Supervision Regimes, Risk, and Official Reactions to Parole Deviance. Criminology, 49(2), 371-399. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 2] Gray, Emily, Jonathan Jackson, and Stephen Farrall (2008). Reassessing the Fear of Crime. European Journal of Criminology, 5(3), 363-380. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 2] Green, Donald P. and Daniel Winik (2010). Using Random Judge Assignments to Estimate the Effects of Incarceration and Probation on Recidivism Among Drug Offenders. Criminology, 48(2), 357-387. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 2] Green, Eva G.T., Christian Staerklé, and David O. Sears (2006). Symbolic Racism and Whites’ Attitudes Towards Punitive and Preventive Crime Policies. Law and Human Behaviour, 30, 435-454. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 7, July 2007) Greene, Carolyn, Jane B. Sprott, Natasha S. Madon, and Maria Jung (2010). Punishing Processes in Youth Court: Procedural Justice, Court Atmosphere and Youths’ Views of the Legitimacy of the Justice System. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 52(5), 527-544. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 1] Greene, Judith A. Zero tolerance: A case study of police practices and practices in New York City. Crime and Delinquency, 1999 (April), 45 (2), 171-187. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 6. June 1999. Greene, Judith A., and Vincent Schiraldi (2016). Better by Half: The New York City Story of Winning Large-Scale Decarceration While Improving Public Safety. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 29(1), 22-38. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 8] Greene, Judith, and Marc Mauer (2010). Downscaling Prisons: Lessons from Four States. The Sentencing Project (www.sentencingproject.org). [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 7] Griffin, Marie L. The influence of organizational climate on detention officer’s readiness to use force in a county jail. Criminal Justice Review, 1999, 24, 1-26. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 1. October 2000. Griffin, Timothy and John Wooldredge. 2001. Judges’ Reactions to Sentencing Reform in Ohio. Crime and Delinquency, 47: 491-512. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 2. March 2002. Griffiths, Elizabeth (2013). Race, Space, and the Spread of Violence Across the City. Social Problems, 60 (4), 491-512. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 5] Griffiths, Elizabeth and George Tita (2009). Homicide In and Around Public Housing: Is Public Housing a Hotbed, a Magnet, or a Generator of Violence for the Surrounding Community. Social Problems, 56(3), 474-493. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 5] Griffiths, Elizabeth, Carolyn Yule, and Rosemary Gartner (2011). Fighting Over Trivial Things: Explaining the Issue of Contention in Violent Altercations. Criminology, 49(1), 61-94. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 1]

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Grisso, Thomas; Lawrence Steinberg; Jennifer Woolard; Elizabeth Cauffman; Elizabeth Scott; Sandra Graham; Fran Lexcen; N. Dickon Reppucci and Robert Schwartz (2003). Juveniles’ Competence to Stand Trial: A Comparison of Adolescents’ and Adults’ Capacities as Trial Defendants. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 333-363. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 5] Groff, Elizabeth R. J. H. Ratcliffe, C.P. Haberman, E.T. Sorg, N.M. Joyce, and R.B. Taylor (2015). Does What Police Do at Hot Spots Matter? The Philadelphia Police Tactics Experiment. Criminology, 53(1), 23-53. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 3] Gross, Samuel R., Kristen Jacoby, Daniel J. Matheson, Nicholas Montgomery, and Sujata Patil (2005). Exonerations in the United States, 1989 through 2003. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 95(2), 523-560. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 3; November 2005) Grounds, Adrian T. (2005). Understanding the Effects of Wrongful Imprisonment. In Tonry, Michael (ed.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 32. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 6, November 2006] Guetzkow, Joshua and Eric Schoon (2015). If You Build It, They Will Fill It: The Consequences of Prison Overcrowding Litigation. Law & Society Review, 49(2), 401-432. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 4] Gwin, (Judge) James S. (2010). Juror Sentiment on Just Punishment: Do the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Reflect Community Values? Harvard Law & Policy Review, 4, 173-200. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 6] Haapanen, Rudy and Lee Britton (2002). Drug Testing for Youthful Offenders on Parole: An Experimental Evaluation. Criminology and Public Policy, 1, 217-244. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 3, December 2002 Hackney, Amy A. and Jack Glaser (2013). Reverse Deterrence in Racial Profiling: Increased Transgressions by Nonprofiled Whites. Law and Human Behavior, 37(5), 348-353. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 3] Hagell, Ann and Tim Newburn. Persistent young offenders. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1994. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 7. January 1998. Hall, Alan and Willem de Lint (2003). Policing Labour in Canada. Policing and Society, 13, 219-234. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 8] Hällsten, Martin, Ryszard Szulkin, and Jerzy Sarnecki (2013). Crime as a Price of Inequality? The Gap in Registered Crime between Childhood Immigrants, Children of Immigrants, and Children of Native Born Swedes. British Journal of Criminology, 53, 456-481. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 6] Hamai, Koichi and Ellis, Thomas (2006). Crime and Criminal Justice in Modern Japan: From Re- integrative Shaming to Popular Punitivism. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 34, 157-178. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 5] Hamilton, Melissa (2019). The Biased Algorithm: Evidence of Disparate Impact on Hispanics. American Criminal Law Review, 56, (in press). [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 7] Hanlon, Thomas E., David N. Nurco, Richard W. Bateman, and Kevin E. O’Grady. The relative effects of three approaches to the parole supervision of narcotic addicts and cocaine abusers. The Prison Journal, 1999, 79, 163-181. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 4. November 1999. Hannaford, Paula L., Valerie P. Hans, and G. Thomas Munsterman. Permitting jury discussions during trial: Impact on the Arizona reform. Law and Human Behaviour, 2000, 24, 359-382. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 8. October 2000.

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Hannon, Lance and James DeFronzo. Welfare and property crime. Justice Quarterly, 1998, 15 (2), 273-287. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 4. September 1998. Hans, Valerie P., Paula L. Hannaford-Agor, Nicole L. Mott, and G. Thomas Munsterman. (2003). The Hung Jury: The American Jury’s Insights and Contemporary Understanding. Criminal Law Bulletin, 39(1), 33-50. . Volume 5, Number 6, Item 2. July 2003. Hanson, R. Karl, Andrew J. R. Harris, Leslie Helmus, and David Thornton (2014). High-Risk Sex Offenders May Not Be High Risk Forever. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(15), 2792-2813. . [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 1] Hanson, R. Karl, Andrew J.R. Harris, Elizabeth Letourneau, and L. Maaike Helmus (2018). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 24(1), 48-63. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 5] Harcourt, Bernard E. and Jens Ludwig. (2006) Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a Five-City Social Experiment. The University of Chicago Law Review, 73 (1), 271-320. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 1, January 2007] Harcourt, Bernard E. and Jens Ludwig. Reefer Madness: Broken Windows Policing and Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City, 1989-2000. Law and Economics Working Paper, No. 317. University of Chicago Law School, December 2006. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 8, April 2007] Harding, David J. (2009). Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods. American Sociological Review, 74, 445-464. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 3] Harding, David J., J. D. Morenoff, A.P. Nguyen, S.D. Busway, & I.A. Binswanger. (2019). A Natural Experiment Study on the Effects of Imprisonment on Violence in the Community. Nature Human Behaviour, 3, 671-677. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 1] Hargreaves, Claire and Brian Francis (2014). The Long Term Recidivism Risk of Young Sexual Offenders in England and Wales – Enduring Risk or Redemption? Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 164- 172. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 3] Harris, Alexes, Heather Evans and Katherine Beckett (2010). Drawing Blood from Stones: Legal Debt and Social Inequality in the Contemporary United States. American Journal of Sociology, 115(6), 1753-1799. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 6] Harris, Andrew J. R. and R. Karl Hanson (2004). Sex Offender Recidivism: A simple Question. Ottawa: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 8; October 2004] Harris, John C. and Paul Jesilow. It’s not the Old Ball game: Three strikes and the courtroom workgroup. Justice Quarterly, 2000, 17, 185 –203. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 5. July 2000. Hartnagel, Timothy F. and Laura J. Templeton (2012). Emotions about Crime and Attitudes to Punishment. Punishment & Society, 14 (4), 452-474. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 5] Hay, Carter, Edward N. Fortson, Dunsten R. Hollist, Israd Altheimer, and Lonnie M. Schaible. (2006). The Impact of Community Disadvantage on the Relationship between the Family and Juvenile Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43 (4), 326-356. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 3, April 2007] Hayes, Hennessey and Kathleen Daly (2003). Youth Justice Conferencing and Reoffending. Justice Quarterly, 20, 725-764. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 7]

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Hayle, Steven, Scot Wortley, and Julian Tanner (2016). Race, Street Life, and Policing: Implications for Racial Profiling. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 58(3), 322-353. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 4] Heaton, Paul, Sandra G. Mayson, and Megan Stevenson (2017). The Downstream Consequences of Misdemeanor Pretrial Detention. Stanford Law Review, 69, 711-794. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 1] Helmus, L. Maaike and Marguerite Ternes (2017). Temporary Absences from Prison in Canada Reduce Unemployment and Reoffending: Evidence for Dosage Effects from an Exploratory Study. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21, 23-38. [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 3] Helmus, L. Maaike, Sara Johnson, and Andrew J. R. Harris. (2019). Developing and Validating a Tool to Predict Placements in Administrative Segregation: Predictive Accuracy with Inmates, Including Indigenous and Female Inmates. Psychology, Public Policy and Law (online first). [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 6] Herbert, Steve (2001). Policing the Contemporary City: Fixing Broken Windows or Shoring Up Neo- Liberalism. Theoretical Criminology, 5, 445-466. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 6. July 2002. Herring, Chris (2019). Complaint-Oriented Policing: Regulating Homelessness in Public Space. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 769-800. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 1] Hershel, David and Ira W. Hutchison. (2003) The Voices of Domestic Violence Victims: Predictors of Victim Preference for Arrest and the Relationship Between Preference for Arrest and Re- victimization. Crime and Delinquency, 49 (2), 313-336. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 8] Higgs, Tamsin, Mark E. Olver, Kevin Nunes, and Franca Cortini (2020). Risk Relevance of Psychometric Assessment and Evaluator Ratings of Dynamic Risk Factors in High Rate Violent Offenders. Law & Criminological Psychology, 25, 219-236. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 5] Hine, Benjamin and Anthony Murphy (2019). The Influence of ‘High’ vs. ‘Low’ Rape Myth Acceptance on Police Officers’ Judgements of Victim and Perpetrator Responsibility, and Rape Authenticity. Journal of Criminal Justice, 60, 100-107. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 8] Hinkle, Joshua C. and David Weisburd (2008).. The Irony of Broken Windows Policing: A Micro- Place Study of the Relationship Between Disorder, Focused Police Crackdowns and Fear of Crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 503-512. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 4] Hipp, John R., Joan Petersilia, and Susan Turner (2010). Parolee Recidivism in California: the Effect of Neighbourhood Context and Social Service Agency Characteristics. Criminology, 48(4), 947-979. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 3] Hirschel, David, Eve Buzawa, April Pattavina and Don Faggiani (2008). Domestic Violence and Mandatory Arrest Laws: To What Extent Do They Influence Police Arrest Decisions? Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 98 (1), 255-298. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 7] Hirschfield, Paul J. (2008). The Declining Significance of Delinquent Labels in Disadvantaged Urban Communities. Sociological Forum, 23 (3), 575-601. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 4] Hochstetler, Andrew L. and Neal Shover. Street crime, labor surplus, and criminal punishment, 1980-1990. Social Problems, August 1997, Vol. 44 (3), 358-367. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 2. April 1998. Hohl, Katrin, Ben Bradford, and Elizabeth A. Stanko (2010). Influencing Trust and Confidence in the London Metropolitan Police: Results from an Experiment Testing the Effect of Leaflet Drops on Public Opinion. British Journal of Criminology, 50, 491-513. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 3]

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Holtfreter, Kristy, Michael D. Reisig, and Merry Morash (2004). Poverty, State Capital, and Recidivism Among Women Offenders. Criminology and Public Policy, 3 (2), 185-208. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 5] Honess, R. M., R. Levi, and E. A. Charman. Juror competence in processing information: Implications from a simulation of the Maxwell trial. Criminal Law Review, 1998, 763-773. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 8. March 1999. Hood, Roger, Stephen Shute, Martina Feilzer, and Aidan Wilcox (2002). Sex Offenders Emerging from Long-Term Imprisonment. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 371-394. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 4. July 2002 Hoppe, Susan J., Yan Zhang, Brittany E. Hayes, and Matthew A. Bills (2020). Mandatory Arrest for Domestic Violence and Repeat Offending: A Meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior 30, 1-9. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 7] Horowitz, Irwin A. and Laird C. Kirkpatrick. A concept in search of a definition: The effects of reasonable doubt instructions on certainty of guilt standards and jury verdicts. Law and Human Behaviour, 1996, 20 (6), 655-670. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 4. September 1997. Hoskin, Anthony W. Armed Americans: The Impact of Firearm Availability on National Homicide Rates. Justice Quarterly, 2001, 18, 569-592. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 7. December 2001. Howell, J.C. & Hawkins, J.D. (1998). “Prevention of youth violence”. In Youth Violence (Crime and Justice: A Review of the Research, Volume 24). (pp. 263-315). Michael Tonry & Mark H. Moore (Eds). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 3. March 1999. Hoyle, Carolyn and Andrew Sanders. Police response to domestic violence. British Journal of Criminology, 2000, 40, 14-36. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 8. May 2000. Hucklesby, Anthea (2009). Keeping the Lid on the Prison Remand Population: The Experience of England & Wales. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 21(1), 3-23. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 7] Huebner, Beth M. and five others (2014). The Effect and Implications of Sex Offender Residence Restrictions: Evidence from a Two-State Evaluation. Criminology & Public Policy, 13, 139-168. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 8] Huebner, Beth M. and Regan Gustafson (2007). The Effect of Maternal Incarceration on Adult Offspring Involvement in the Criminal Justice System. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 283-296. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 6] Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth and Alex Stevens (2010). What Can We Learn From the Portuguese Decriminalization of Illicit Drugs? British Journal of Criminology, 50, 999-1022. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 7] Human Rights Watch (November 2012). A Red Herring: Marijuana Arrestees Do Not Become Violent Felons. http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/11/23/usnew-york-few-arrested-pot-become- violent-criminals [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 4 Hunt, Kim Steven and Andrew Peterson (2014) Recidivism Among Offenders Receiving Retroactive Sentence Reductions: The 2007 Crack Cocaine Amendment. Washington, D.C.: United States Sentencing Commission. (Related documents were also consulted.) [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 6] Hunt, Kim Steven, Kevin Maass, and Todd Kostyhak (2018). Recidivism Among Federal Offenders Receiving Retroactive Sentence Reductions: The 2011 Fair Sentencing Act Guideline Amendment. Washington, D.C.: United States Sentencing Commission. [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 5]

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Huq, Aziz Z., Tom R. Tyler, and Stephen J. Schulhofer (2011). Why Does the Public Cooperate with Law Enforcement? The Influence of the Purposes and Targets of Policing. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 17(3), 419-430. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 2] Hutton, Neil. (2005) Beyond Populist Punitiveness? Punishment and Society, 7(3), 243-258. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 6] Ibarra, Peter R. (2003). Contacts with the Police: Patterns and Meanings in a Multicultural Realm. Police & Society, Issue No. 7, 135-166. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 8] Ibsen, Alexander Z. (2013) Ruling by Favours: Prison Guards’ Informal Exercise of Institutional Control. Law & Social Inquiry, 38 (2), 342-363. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 1] Indermaur, David, Lynne Roberts, Caroline Spiranovic, Geraldine Mackenzie and Karen Gelb (2012). A Matter of Judgement: The Effect of information and Deliberation on Public Attitudes to Punishment. Punishment & Society, 14(2), 147-165. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 6] Irwin, John, Vincent Schiraldi and Jason Ziedenberg. America’s One Million Nonviolent Prisoners. Justice Policy Institute, 1999. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 8. April 1999. Ispa-Landa, Simone and Charles E. Loeffler (2016). Indefinite Punishment and the Criminal Record: Stigma Reports Among Expungement-Seekers in Illinois. Criminology, 54(3), 387-412. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 2] Jackson, Jonathan, Aziz Z. Huq, Ben Bradford, and Tom R. Tyler (2013) Monopolizing Force? Police Legitimacy and Public Attitudes Toward the Acceptability of Violence. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 19, 479-497. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 2] Jacobs, David, Jason T. Carmichael, and Stephanie L. Kent. (2005) Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences. American Sociological Review, 70, 656-677. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 3. August 2006] Jacobsen, Wade C. (2019). The Intergenerational Stability of Punishment: Paternal Incarceration and Suspension or Expulsion in Elementary School. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(5), 651-693. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 8] Jacobsen, Wade C. (2020). School Punishment and Interpersonal Exclusion: Rejection, Withdrawal, and Separation from Friends. Criminology, 58, 35-69. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 5] Jarjoura, G. Roger; Ruth A. Triplett, and Gregory P. Brinker (2002). Growing Up Poor: Examining the Link Between Persistent Childhood Poverty and Delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 159-187. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 2, December 2002 Jaynes, Chae M. (2020) The Relationship between Job Quality and Crime: Examining Heterogeneity in Treatment and Treatment Effect. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57(6), 693-740. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 3] Jennings, Wesley G., Mathew D. Lynch, and Lorie A. Fridell (2015). Evaluating the Impact of Police Officer Body-Worn Cameras on Response-to-Resistance and serious complaints. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 480-486. Ariel, Barak, William A. Farra, and Alex Sutherland (2015). The Effect of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Use of Force and Citizens’ Complaints Against the Police. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31, 509-535. Brown, Gregory R. (2016). The Blue Line on Thin Ice: Use of Force Modifications in the Era of Cameraphones and Youtube. British Journal of Criminology, 56, 293-3. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 8] Jewkes, Yvonne (2018). Just Design: Healthy Prisons and the Architecture of Hope. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 51, 319-338. [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 4]

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Johnson, Brian D. and Ryan D. King (2017). Facial Profiling: Race, Physical Appearance, and Punishment. Criminology, 55(3), 520-547. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 5] Johnson, David T. (2008). The Homicide Drop in Postwar Japan. Homicide Studies, 12 (1), 146-160. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 5] Johnson, Denise. Effects of parental incarceration. In Gabel, Katherine and Denise Johnston Children of incarcerated parents. New York: Lexington Books, 1995. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 6. September 1997. Johnson, Devon (2009). Anger about Crime and Support for Punitive Criminal Justice Policies. Punishment and Society, 11(1), 51-66. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 5] Johnson, Holly and Valerie Pottie Bunge. Prevalence and Consequences of Spousal Assault in Canada. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 2001, 43, 27-45. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 5. September 2001. Johnson, Holly. Contrasting Views of the Role of Alcohol in Cases of Wife Assault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, January 2001, 16 (1), 54-72. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 7. May 2001. Johnson, W. Wesley, Katherine Bennett, and Timothy Flanagan (1997). Getting tough with prisoners: Results from the National Corrections Executive Survey, 1995. Crime and Delinquency, 43 (1), 2-41. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 4. November 1997. Jolliffe, Darrick and Carol Hedderman (2015). Investigating the Impact of Custody on Reoffending Using Propensity Score Matching. Crime and Delinquency, 61(8), 1051-1077. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 7] Jonathan-Zamir, Tal and David Weisburd (2013). The Effects of Security Threats on Antecedents of Police Legitimacy: Findings from a Quasi-Experiment in Israel. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50 (1), 3-32. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 1] Jonathan-Zemir, Tal, Badi Hasisi, and Yoram Margalioth (2016). Is It the What or the How? The Roles of High Policing Tactics and Procedural Justice in Predicting Perceptions of Hostile Treatment: The Case of Security Checks at Ben-Gurion Airport, Israel. Law & Society Review, 50(3), 608-636. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 6] Jones, Craig and Don Weatherburn (2010). Public Confidence in the NSW Criminal Justice System: A Survey of the NSW Public. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 506-525. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 5] Jonson, Cheryl Lero and Francis T. Cullen (2015). Prisoner Reentry Programs. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Michael Tonry, ed.), 44, 517-576. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 6] Juby, Heather and David P. Farrington. Disentangling the Link between Disrupted Families and Delinquency. British Journal of Criminology, 2001, 41, 22-40. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 5. July 2001. Julian, Robert F. (October 2007). Judicial Perspectives on the Conduct of Serious Fraud Trials. Criminal Law Review, 97, 751-768. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 2] Jung, Maria (2020). Immigration and Crime in Canadian Cities: A 35-Year Study. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 62(1), 71-97. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 1] Jung, Maria, Jane B. Sprott and Carolyn Greene (2019). Immigrant Perceptions of the Police: The Role of Country of Origin and Length of Settlement. British Journal of Criminology (in press). [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 2]

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Justice Policy Institute. Drug Use and Justice: An Examination of California Drug Policy Enforcement. [Online]. Available: www.cjcj.org (January 2001). The Lindesmith Center – Drug Policy Foundation. US: Just Vote NO – The War on Drugs Loses at the Polls. [Online]. Available: www.mapinc.org/tlcnews (December 11, 2000). Volume 3, Number 6, Item 5. February 2001. Kagan, Robert A., Neil Gunningham, and Dorothy Thornton. (2003). Explaining Corporate Environmental Performance: How Does Regulation Matter? Law and Society Review, 37, 51-89. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 5. July 2003. Kane, Robert J. (2005) Compromised Police Legitimacy as a Predictor of Violent Crime in Structurally Disadvantaged Communities. Criminology, 43 (2), 469-498. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 3; February 2006] Kassin, Saul M. (2005) On the Psychology of Confessions: Does Innocence Put Innocents at Risk? American Psychologist, 60(3), 215-228. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 7] Kassin, Saul M. and Christina T. Fong. “I’m innocent!”: Effects of training on judgments of truth a deception in the interrogation room. Law and Human Behavior, 1999, 25, 499-516. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 8. November 1999. Kassin, Saul M., Melissa B. Russano, Aria D. Amron, Johanna Hellgren, and Jeff Kukucka (2019). Does Video Recording Inhibit Crime Suspects? Evidence From a Fully Randomized Field Experiment. Law & Human Behavior, 43(1), 45-55. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 6] Kassin, Saul M., S.A. Drizen, T. Grisso, G. H. Gudjonsson, R. A. Leo, and A. D. Redlich. (2010). Police-Induced Confessions: Risk Factors and Recommendations. Law and Human Behavior, 34, 3-38. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 4] Katz, Charles; Vincent J. Webb and David R. Schaefer. 2001. An Assessment of Quality-of-Life Policing on Crime and Disorder. Justice Quarterly 18: 825-865. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 4. March 2002. Kaufman, Jeanne G. and Cathy Spatz Widom. Childhood victimization, running away, and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1999, 36(4), 347-370. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 7. March 2000. Kaukinen, Catherine and Sandra Colavecchia. Public perceptions of the courts: An examination of attitudes toward the treatment of victims and accused. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1999, 441, 365- 384. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 1. September 1999. Kellough, Gail and Scot Wortley. (2002). Remand for Bail: Bail Decisions and Plea Bargaining as Commensurate Decisions. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 186-210. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 7. April 2002. Kennedy-Turner, Kathleen and five others (2020). Prevention of Criminal Offending: The Intervening and Protective Effects of Education for Aggressive Youth. British Journal of Criminology, 60, 537-558. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 4] Kepple, Nancy J. and Bridget Freisthler (2012). Exploring the Ecological Association Between Crime and Medical Marijuana Dispensaries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73 (4), 523-530. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 4] Kiedrowski, John, Nicholas A. Jones, and Rick Ruddell (2017). ‘Set up to Fail?’ An Analysis of Self- administered Indigenous Police Services in Canada. Police Practice and Research, 18(6), 584-598. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 6]

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Killias, Martin and Juan Rabasa. Less crime in the cities through heroin prescription? Preliminary results from the evaluation of the Swiss heroin prescription projects. The Howard Journal, Volume 36 (4), November 1997, 424-429. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 6. April 1998. Killias, Martin, David Scheidegger, and Peter Nordenson (2009). The Effects of Increasing the Certainty of Punishment: A Field Experiment on Public Transportation. European Journal of Criminology, 6(5), 387-400. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 2] Killias, Martin, Marcelo Aebi and Denis Ribeaud. Does community service rehabilitate better than short-term imprisonment?: Results of a controlled experiment. The Howard Journal, 2000, 39(1), 40-57. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 4. October 2000. Kim, Byungbae, Cassia Spohn and E.C. Hedberg (2015). Federal Sentencing as a Complex Collaborative Process: Judges, Prosecutors, Judge-Prosecutor Dyads, and Disparity in Sentencing. Criminology 53(4), 597-623. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 4] King, Ryan D. and Gretchen M. Sutton (2013). High Times for Hate Crimes: Explaining the Temporal Clustering of Hate-Motivated Offending. Criminology, 51(4), 871-894. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 8] King, Ryan D., and Brian D. Johnson (2016). A Punishing Look: Skin Tone and Afrocentric Features in the Halls of Justice. American Journal of Sociology, 122(1), 90-124. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 1] King, Ryan D., Michael Masssaglia, and Christopher Uggen (2012). Employment and Exile: US Criminal Deportations, 1908-2005. American Journal of Sociology, 117(6), 1786-1825. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 8] King, Ryan S. (2007) Changing Direction: State Sentencing Reforms, 2004-2006. Available from www.sentencingproject.org [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 1, April 2007] King, Ryan S. and Marc Mauer. (2002). State Sentencing and Corrections Policy in an Era of Fiscal Restraint. Washington, D.C.: The Sentencing Project. www.sentencingproject.org Volume 4, Number 6, Item 4. April 2002. King, Ryan S.; Marc Mauer and Tracy Huling (February 2003). Big Prisons, Small Towns: Prison Economics in Rural America. The Sentencing Project. Washington, D.C. Available from www.sentencingproject.org. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 5; October 2003] Kingsnorth, Rodney F. and Randall C. Macintosh. Domestic Violence: Predictors of Victim Support for Official Action. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 301-328. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 7. June 2005] Kirk, David S. (2009). A Natural Experiment on Residential Change and Recidivism: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina. American Sociological Review, 74, 484-505. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 1] Kirk, David S. and Andrew V. Papachristos (2011). Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighbourhood Violence. American Journal of Sociology, 116 (4), 1190-1233. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 6] Kirk, David S. and Robert J. Sampson (2012). Juvenile Arrest and Collateral Educational Damage in the Transition to Adulthood. Sociology of Education, 86, 36-62. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 2] Kleck, Gary, Brion Sever, Spencer Li, and Mac Gertz. (2005). The Missing Link in General Deterrence Research. Criminology, 43 (3), 623-659. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 4; February 2006]

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Klein, Eric K. Dennis the Menace or Billy the Kid: An analysis of the role of transfer to criminal court in juvenile justice. American Criminal Law Review, 1998, 35, 371-410. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 5. July 1998. Klein, Malcolm W. and Cheryl L. Maxon (2006). Street Gang Patterns and Policies. New York: Oxford. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 3, November 2006] Klinger, David A. and Rod K. Brunson (2009). Police Officers’ Perceptual Distortions During Lethal Force Situations: Informing the Reasonableness Standard. Criminology and Public Policy, 8 (1), 117-140. Commentary by William Terrill: The elusive nature of reasonableness (p. 163-172). [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 1] Kochel, Tammy Rinehart, David B. Wilson, and Stephen D. Mastrofski. Effect of Suspect Race on Officers’ Arrest Decisions. Criminology, 49(2), 473-512. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 7] Koehler, J.J., N.J. Schweitzer, M.J. Saks, D.E. Mc Quiston (2016) Science, Technology or the Expert Witness: Jurors Judgements about Forensic Science Technology. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 22, 401-413. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 6] Koehler, Johann A., David K. Humphreys, Thomas D. Akoensi, Olga Sánchez de Ribera, and Friedrich Lsel (2014). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of European Drug Treatment Programs on Reoffending. Psychology, Crime & Law,20(6), 584-602. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 8] Koehler, Johann A., Friedrich Lsel, Thomas D. Akoensi, and David K. Humphreys (2013). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effects of Young Offender Treatment Programs in Europe. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 9, 19-43. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 7] Kohler-Hausmann, Issa (2013). Misdemeanour Justice: Control without Conviction. American Journal of Sociology, 119(2), 351-393. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 1] Kop, Nicolien and Martin C. Euwema. 2001. Occupational Stress and the Use of Force by Dutch Police Officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior 28: 631-652. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 6. March 2002. Koper, Christopher S. and Evan Mayo-Wilson (2006). Police Crackdowns on Illegal Gun Carrying: A Systematic Review of Their Impact on Gun Crime. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2, 227-261. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 4] Kornhauser, Ryan (2015). Economic Individualism and Punitive Attitudes: A Cross-National Analysis. Punishment & Society, 17(1), 27-53. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 6] Kovandzic, Thomislav V., John J. Sloan, III, and Lynne M. Vieraitis. (2004). “Striking Out” as Crime Reduction Policy: The Impact of “Three Strikes” Laws on Crime Rates in U.S. Cities. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 207-239. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 6. June 2005] Kovandzic, Tomislav V. The Impact of Florida’s Habitual Offender Law on Crime. Criminology, 2001, 39, 179-203. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 2. September 2001. Kovandzic, Tomislav V. and Lynne M. Vieraitis (2006). The Effect of County-Level Prison Population Growth on Crime Rates. Criminology and Public Policy, 5(2), 213-244. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 3, December 2007] Kovandzic, Tomislav V., John J. Sloan III, and Lynne M. Vieraitis (2002). Unintended Consequences of Politically Popular Sentencing Policy: The Homicide Promoting Effects of “Three Strikes” in U.S. Cities (1980-1999). Criminology and Public Policy, 1, 399-424. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 2. October 2002

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Kovandzic, Tomislav V., Lynne M Vieraitis, and Mark R. Yeisley. The Structural Covariates of Urban Homicide: Reassessing the Impact of Income Inequality and Poverty in the Post-Reagan Era. (1998) Criminology 36 (3), 569-599. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 2. June 1999. Krauss, Daniel A. (2004). Adjusting Risk of Recidivism: Do Judicial Departures Worsen or Improve Recidivism Prediction Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines? Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 22, 731-750. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 6; November 2005) Kruttschnitt, Candace and Rosemary Gartner (2003). Women’s Imprisonment. In Michael Tonry (ed.). Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 30. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-81. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 2] Kruttschnitt, Candace, Christopher Uggen, and Kelly Shelton. Predictors of desistance among sex offenders: The interaction of formal and informal social controls. Justice Quarterly, 2000, 17, 61-87. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 3. July 2000. Kruttschnitt, Candace, Rosemary Gartner, and Amy Miller. Doing Her Own Time? Women’s Responses to Prison in the Context of the Old and the New Penology. Criminology, 2000, 38, 681- 717. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 3. February 2001. Kubiak, Sheryl Pimlott and Terrence Allen (2011). Public Opinion Regarding Juvenile Life Without Parole in Consecutive Statewide Surveys. Crime & Delinquency, 57(4), 495-515. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 3] Kubrin, Charis E. and Eric A. Stewart. (2006) Predicting Who Reoffends: The Neglected Role of Neighbourhood Context in Recidivism Studies. Criminology, 44(1), 165-197. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 5, June 2006. Kukucka, Jeff and Saul M. Kassin (2014). Do Confessions Taint Perceptions of Handwriting Evidence? An Empirical Test of the Forensic Confirmation Bias. Law and Human Behaviour, 28, 256- 270. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 6] Kurlychek, Megan and Cynthia Kempinen (2006). Beyond Boot Camp: The Impact of Aftercare on Offender Re-entry. Criminology and Public Policy, 5 (2), 363-388. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 2, December 2007] Kurlychek, Megan C., Robert Brame, and Shawn D. Bushway. Scarlet Letters and Recidivism: Does an Old Criminal Record Predict Future Offending? Criminology and Public Policy, 2006 (August), 5(3), 483-503. Enduring Risk? Old Criminal Records and Predictions of Future Criminal Involvement. Crime and Delinquency, 2007 (January), 53(1), 64-83. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 4, January 2007] Kuttschreutter, M. & Weigman, O. (1998). “Crime prevention and the attitude toward the criminal justice system: Effects of a multimedia campaign”. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(4), 441-452. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 6. March 1999. Lane, Jodi, Susan Turner, Terry Fain, and Amber Sehgal (2005). Evaluating an Experimental Intensive Juvenile Probation Program: Supervision and Official Outcomes. Crime and Delinquency, 51(1), 26-52. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 2. June 2005] Langan, Patrick A. and David P. Farrington. Crime and justice in the United States and in England and Wales, 1981-96. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (Note: the full text is available on the Internet). Volume 2, Number 1, Item 1. December 1998. Laniyonu, Ayobami (2018). Coffee Shops and Street Stops: Policing Practices in Gentrifying Neighborhoods. Urban Affairs Review, 54(5), 898-930. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 2]

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Laniyonu, Ayobami (2018). Police, Politics and Participation: The Effect of Police Exposure on Political Participation in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Criminology, 58, 1232-1253. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 1] Lankenau, Stephen E. Smoke ’em if you got ’em: Cigarette Black Markets in U.S. Prisons and Jails. The Prison Journal, 2001, 81, 142-161. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 2. December 2001 Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio. The fall in the Finnish prison population. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 2000, 1, 27-40. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 1. December 2000. Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio (2011). Explaining Imprisonment in Europe. European Journal of Criminology 8 (4), 303-328. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 2] Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio (2012). Penal Policies in the Nordic Countries, 1960-2010. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 13, 83-111. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 8] Laqueur, Hannah (2015). Uses and Abuses of Drug Decriminalization in Portugal. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(3), 746-781. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 7] Larsen, Britt Østergaard (2017). Educational Outcomes After Serving with Electronic Monitoring: Results from a Natural Experiment. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33, 157-178. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 6] Latimer, Jeff. A Meta-Analytic Examination of Youth Delinquency, Family Treatment, and Recidivism. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 2001, 237-253. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 8. July 2001. Lauritsen, Janet L. and Robin J. Schaum. (2004). The Social Ecology of Violence Against Women. Criminology, 42, 323-357. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 7] Leach, Amy-May, Nawal Anmar, D. Nicole England, Laura M. Remigio, Bennett Kleinberg, and Bruno J. Verschuere. (2016). Less is More? Detecting Lies in Veiled Witnesses. Law & Human Behaviour, 40(4), 401-410. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 2] Leasure, Peter and Tara Martin (2017). Criminal Records and Housing: An Experimental Study. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 13, 527-535. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 6] Lebel, Thomas P., Ros Burnett, Shadd Maruna, and Shawn Bushway (2008). The ‘Chicken and Egg’ of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime. European Journal of Criminology, 5(2), 131- 159. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 8] Lee, Jacqueline G. (2019). To Detain or Not to Detain? Using Propensity Scores to Examine the Relationship Between Pretrial Detention and Conviction. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 30(1), 128- 152. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 1] Lee, Matthew T.; Ramiro Martinez, Jr., and Richard Rosenfeld (2001). Does Immigration Increase Homicide: Negative Evidence From Three Border Cities. The Sociological Quarterly, 42, 559-580. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 6, March 2003. Legewie, Joscha (2016). Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination. American Journal of Sociology, 122(2), 379-424. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 2] Legewie, Joscha and Jeffrey Fagan (2019). Aggressive Policing and the Educational Performance of Minority Youth. American Sociological Review, 84(2), 220-247. [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 4] Lens, Kim ME, Antony Pemberton, Karen Brans, Johan Braeken, Stefan Gogaerts, and Esmah Lahlah (2015). European Journal of Criminology, 12(1), 17-34. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 4]

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Lerman, Amy E. and Vesla Weaver (2014). Staying out of Sight? Concentrated Policing and Local Political Action. ANNALS of the American “Academy of Political and Social Science, 651, 202-219. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 2] Leslie, Emily and Nolan G. Pope (2017). The Unintended Impact of Pretrial Detention on Case Outcomes: Evidence from New York City Arraignment. Journal of Law and Economics, 60, 529-557. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 3] Letourneau, Elizabeth J, Jill S. Levenson, Dipankar Bandyopadhyay, Debajyoti Sinha, and Kevin S. Armstrong (2010). Effects of South Carolina’s Sex Offender Registration and Notification on Adult Recidivism (2010). Criminal Justice Policy Review, 21(4), 415-458. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 6] Levenson, Jill S. (2004). Reliability of Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment Criteria in Florida. Law and Human Behaviour, 28, 357-367. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 7. March 2005. Levenson, Jill S. and Leo P. Cotter. (2005) The Impact of Sex Offender Residence Restrictions: 1,000 Feet from Danger or One Step from Absurd? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49(2), 168-178. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 4] Levenson, Jill S., David A. D’Amora, and Andrea L. Hern (2007). Megan’s Law and its Impact on Community Re-Entry for Sex Offenders. Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 25, 587-602. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 7, December 2007] Leverick, Fiona and Peter Duff. (2002). Court Culture and Adjournments in Criminal Cases: A Tale of Four Courts. Criminal Law Review, 39-52. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 1. April 2002. Levi, Ron (2009). Making Counter-Law: On Having No Apparent Purpose in Chicago. British Journal of Criminology, 49, 131-149. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 3] Levine, Phillip B. and Robin McKnight (8 December 2017). Firearms and Accidental Deaths: Evidence from the Aftermath of the Sandy Hook School Shooting. Science, 358, 1324-1328. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 3] Levitt, Steven D. The limited role of changing age structure in explaining aggregate crime rates. Criminology, 1999, 37 (3), 581-597. . Volume 2, Number 6, Item 7. November 1999. Lewis, R., Dobash, R.P., Dobash, R.E., & Cavanagh, K. (2000). Protection, prevention, rehabilitation or justice? Women’s use of law to challenge domestic violence. International Review of Victimology 7: 179-205. Landau, T.C. (2000) Women’s experiences with mandatory charging for wife assault in Ontario, Canada: A case against the prosecution. International Review of Victimology 7: 141-157. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 6. December 2000. Liberman, Akiva M., David S. Kirk, and Kideux Kim (2014). Labeling Effects of First Juvenile Arrests: Secondary Deviance and Secondary Sanctioning. Criminology, 52, 345-370. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 1] Liebling, Alison (2008). Incentives and Earned Privileges Revisited: Fairness, Discretion, and the Quality of Prison Life. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 9, 25-41. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 3] Liebling, Alison. (2000). Prison Officers, Policing and the Use of Discretion. Theoretical Criminology, 4, 333-357. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 3. April 2002. Liebman, James, Jeffrey Fagan, and Valerie West. A Broken System: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973- 1995. Columbia University School of Law, 2000. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 6. May 2001.

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Light, Michael T. and Julia T. Thomas (2019). Segregation and Violence Reconsidered: Do Whites Benefit from Residential Segregation? American Sociological Review, 84(4), 690-725. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 7] Light, Michael T. and Ty Miller (2018). Does Undocumented Immigration Increase Violent Crime? Criminology, 56(2), 370-401. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 1] Lilley, David R. (2017). Did Drug Courts Lead to Increased Arrest and Punishment of Minor Drug Offenses? Justice Quarterly, 34(4) 674-698. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 7] Lilly, David R., Megan D. Stewart, and Kasey Tucker-Gail (2020). Drug Courts and Net-Widening in US Cities: A Reanalysis Using Propensity Score Matching. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 31(2), 287- 308. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 4] Lin, Jeffrey, Ryken Grattet, and Joan Petersilia (2010). “Back-end Sentencing” and Reimprisonment: Individual, Organizational, and Community Predictors of Parole Sanctioning Decisions. Criminology, 48(3), 759-760. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 3] Link, Nathan W., Jeffrey T. Ward, and Richard Stansfield (2019). Consequences of Mental and Physical Health for Reentry and Recidivism: Toward a Health-Based Model of Desistance. Criminology, 57, 544-573. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 5] Lloyd-Bostock, Sally (2007). The Jubilee Line Jurors: Does their Experience Strengthen the Argument for Judge-only Trial in Long and Complex Fraud Cases? Criminal Law Review, 255-273. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 6] Lockwood, Brian (2012). The Influence of Travel Distance on Treatment Noncompletion for Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49(4), 572-600. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 1] Loeber, Rolf and David P. Farrington. Never too early, Never too late: Risk factors and successful intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders. Studies on crime prevention, 1998, 7(1), 7-30. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 6. July 1998. Loeffler, Charles E. (2013). Does Imprisonment Alter the Life Course? Evidence on Crime and Employment from a Natural Experiment. Criminology, 51(1), 137-166. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 4] Lsel, Friedrich and Martin Schmucker (2005). The Effectiveness of Treatment for Sexual Offenders: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 117-146. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 7] Lotke, Eric. Hobbling a generation: Young African American men in Washington, D.C.’s criminal justice system -- Five years Later. Crime and Delinquency, 1998, 44 (3), 355-366. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 6. September 1998. Loughran, Thomas A., Edward P. Mulvey, Carol A. Schubert, Jeffrey Fagan, Alex R. Piquero, and Sandra H. Losoya (2009). Estimating a Dose-Response Relationship Between Length of Stay and Future Recidivism in Serious Juvenile Offenders. Criminology, 47 (3), 699-740. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 1] Loveday, Barry. Managing Crime: Police Use of Crime Data as an Indicator of Effectiveness. International Journal of Sociology of Law, 2000, 28, 215-237. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 4. February 2001.

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Lovegrove, Austin (October 2007). Public Opinion, Sentencing and Lenience: An Empirical Study Involving Judges Consulting the Community. Criminal Law Review, 769-781. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 2]. Ludwig, Jens (2005). Better Gun Enforcement, Less Crime. Criminology and Public Policy, 4 (4), 677- 716.[Volume 7, Number 6, Item 1; February 2006] Lum, Cynthia & 7 others (2020). Body-worn cameras’ effects on police officers and citizen behaviour: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews 16(3), September 2020. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 5] Lussier, Patrick and Garth Davies (2011). A Person-Oriented Perspective on Sexual Offenders, Offending Trajectories, and Risk of Recidivism. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 17 (4), 530-561. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 6] Lussier, Patrick and Jeffrey Mathesius. (2019). Trojan Horse Policies: Sexual Predators, SORN Laws and the American Experience. Psychology, Crime & Law, 25(2), 133-156. [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 8] Lyons, Christopher J. and Becky Pettit (2011). Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Incarceration, and Wage Growth. Social Problems, 58 (2), 257-280. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 7] Lyons, Christopher J., María B. Vélez, and Wayne A. Santoro (2013). Neighbourhood Immigration, Violence, and City-Level Immigrant Political Opportunities. American Sociological Review, 78 (4), 604- 632. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 7] MacDonald, John M., John R. Hipp, and Charlotte Gill (2013). The Effects of Immigrant Concentration on Changes in Neighbourhood Crime Rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 29, 191- 215. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 8] Macfarlane, Bruce (2006). Convicting the Innocent: A Triple Failure of the Justice System. Manitoba Law Journal, 31(3), 403-487. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 4] Mack, Kathy and Sharyn Roach Anleu. (2007) ‘Getting Through the List’: Judgecraft and Legitimacy in the Lower Courts. Social & Legal Studies, 16(3), 341-361. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 1]. MacKenzie, Doris Layton (2013). First Do No Harm: A Look at Correctional Policies and Programs Today. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 9, 1-17. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 6] Macmillan, Ross and Rosemary Gartner. When she brings home the bacon: Labour-Force participation and the risk of spousal violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1999, 61, 947-958. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 6. May 2000. MacQueen, Sarah and Ben Bradford (2017). Where Did It All Go Wrong? Implementation Failure – and More – in a Field Experiment of Procedural Justice Policing. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 13, 321-345. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 5] Madon, Natasha S., Kristina Murphy and Adrian Cherney (2017). Promoting Community Collaboration in Counterterrorism: Do Social identities and Perceptions of Legitimacy Mediate Reactions to Procedural Justice Policing? British Journal of Criminology, 57, 1144-1164. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 4] Maguire, Mike (2004). The Crime Reduction Programme in England and Wales. Reflections on the Vision and the Reality. Criminal Justice, 4, 213-237. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 4. March 2005.

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Maher, Lisa; David Dixon; Wayne Hall and Michael Lynskey (2002). Property Crime and Income Generation by Heroin Users. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 35, 187-202. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 7, March 2003. Maimon, David and Christopher R. Browning (2010). Unstructured Socializing, Collective Efficacy, and Violent Behaviour among Urban Youth. Criminology, 48(2), 443-474. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 5] Maimon, David, Olena Antonaccio, and Michael T. French (2012). Severe Sanctions, Easy Choice? Investigating the Role of School Sanctions in Preventing Violent Offending. Criminology, 50(2), 495- 524. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 1] Maloney, Carrie and Joel Miller (2015). The Impact of a Risk Assessment Instrument on Juvenile Detention Decision-making: A Check on “Perceptual Shorthand” and “Going Rates”? Justice Quarterly, 32(5), 900-927. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 6] Mandary, Even J., Amy Shlosberg, Valerie West, and Bennett Callaghan (2013). Compensation Statutes and Post-Exoneration Offending. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 103(2), 553-583. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 7] Markowitz, Fred E. (2006) Psychiatric hospital capacity, homelessness, and crime and arrest rates. Criminology, 44 (1), 45-72. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 7. August 2006] Martin, Randy and David L. Myers. (2005) Public Response to Prison Siting: Perception of Impact on Crime and Safety. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 32(2), 143-171. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 1. June 2005] Marvell, Thomas B. and Moody, Carlisle E. Determinate sentencing and abolishing parole: The long-term impacts on prisons and crime. Criminology, 1996, 34 (1), 107-128. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 3. December 1998. Mascini, Peter and Dick Houtman. (2006) Rehabilitation and Repression: Reassessing their Ideological Embeddedness. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 822-836. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 7, April 2007] Massey, Douglas S., Jorge Durand, and Karen A. Pren (2016). Why Border Enforcement Backfired. American Journal of Sociology, 121(5), 1557-1600. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 2] Matarazzo, Anthony, Peter J. Carrington, and Robert D. Hiscott. The Effect of Prior Youth Court Dispositions on Current Disposition: An Application of Societal-Reaction Theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2001, 17, 169-200. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 3. December 2001. Mauer, Marc and Ryan S. King. (2007). A 250-Year Quagmire: The War on Drugs and Its Impact on American Society. Washington, D.C. The Sentencing Project. www.sentencingproject.org [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 7] Mazerolle, Lorraine Green, Colleen Kadleck, and Jan Roehl. Controlling drug and disorder problems: The role of place managers. Criminology, 1998, 36 (2), 371-403. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 3. September 1998. McAra, Lesley and Susan McVie (2007). Youth Justice? The Impact of System Contact on Patterns of Desistance from Offending. European Journal of Criminology, 4(3), 315-345. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 5] McAra, Lesley and Susan McVie (2010). Youth Crime and Justice: Key Messages from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 10 (2), 179-209. [Volume 11, Number 3, Item 2]

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McCollister, Kathryn E.; M.T. French; J.A. Inciardi; C.A. Butzin; S.S. Martin and R. M. Hooper (2003). Post-Release Substance Abuse Treatment for Criminal Offenders: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 389-407. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 1] McCord, Joan (2002). Counterproductive Juvenile Justice. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 35, 230-237. McCord, Joan (1978). A Thirty-Year Follow-Up of Treatment Effects. American Psychologist, 33, 284-289. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 1, March 2003. McCorkle, Richard C. and Terance D. Miethe. The political and organizational response to gangs: An examination of a “moral panic” in Nevada. Justice Quarterly, 1998, 15(1), 41-64. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 5. September 1998. McCoy, Alfred W. Coercion and its Unintended Consequences: A Study of Heroin Trafficking in Southeast and South West Asia. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 2000, 33, 191-224. Volume 3, Number 6, Item 8. February 2001. McCuish, Evan C., Jesse Cale, and Raymond R. Corrado (2018). A Prospective Study of Offending Patterns of Youth Homicide Offenders into Adulthood: An Examination of Offending Trajectories and the Crime Mix Posthomicide. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 16(1), 18-36. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 8] McDowell, David, Colin Loftin, and Brian Wiersema. The impact of youth curfew laws on juvenile crime rates. Crime and Delinquency, 2000, 46 (1), 76-91. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 2. May 2000. McGloin, Jean Marie (2005) Policy and Intervention Considerations of a Network Analysis of Street Gangs. Criminology and Public Policy, 4 (3), 607-636. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 2; February 2006] McGloin, Jean Marie (2009). Delinquency Balance: Revisiting Peer Influence. Criminology, 47 (2) 439- 477. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 4] McGrath, Andrew and Don Weatherburn (2012). Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 45 (1), 26-44. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 7] McNulty, Thomas L, Paul E. Bellair, and Stephen J. Watts (2013). Neighbourhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black-White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model. Crime & Delinquency, 59 (1), 140-160. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 6] McNulty, Thomas L. and Paul E. Bellair (2003). Explaining Racial and Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Violence: Structural Disadvantage, Family Well-Being, and Social Capital. Justice Quarterly, 20, 1-31. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 3; October 2003] Mears, Daniel P., and Sonja E. Siennick (2016). Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(1), 3-35. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 1] Mears, Daniel P., Eric A. Stewart, Sonja E. Siennick, and Ronald L. Simons (2013). The Code of the Street and Inmate Violence: Investigating the Salience of Imported Belief Systems. Criminology, 51(3) 695-728. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 7] Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, and William D. Bales (2012). Gender Differences in the Effects of Prison on Recidivism. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 370-378. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 3 Mears, Daniel P.; Matthew J. Carlson; George W. Holden and Susan D. Harris. 2001. Reducing Domestic Violence Revictimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 16: 1260-1283. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 7. March 2002.

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Meehan, Albert J. and Michael C. Ponder (2002). Race and Place: The Ecology of Racial Profiling African American Motorists. Justice Quarterly, 19, 399-430. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 2, March 2003. Meissner, Christian A. and Saul M. Kassin (2002). “He’s guilty!”: Investigator Bias in Judgments of Truth and Deception. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 469-480. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 5, March 2003. Melde, Chris, Stephen Gavazzi, Edmund McGarrell and Timothy Bynum (2011). On the Efficacy of Targeted Gang Interventions: Can We Identify Those Most At Risk? Youth Violence and Youth Justice, 9 (4) 279-294. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 4] Merritt, Nancy, Terry Fain, and Susan Turner (2006). Oregon’s Get Tough Sentencing Reform: A Lesson in Justice System Adaptation. Criminology and Public Policy, 5 (1), 5-36. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 5, January 2007] Messner, Steven F., Robert D. Baller, and Matthew P. Zevenbergen (2005). The Legacy of Lynching and Southern Homicide. American Sociological Review, 70, 633-655. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 7, November 2006] Mesters, G., V. van der Geest, C. Bijleveld (2016). Crime, Employment, and Social Welfare: An Individual–Level Study on Disadvantaged Males. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 32, 159-190. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 6] Miethe, Terance D., Hong Lu, and Erin Reese. Reintegrative shaming and recidivism risks in drug court: Explanations for some unexpected findings. Crime and Delinquency, 2000, 46, 522-541. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 2. December 2000. Miethe, Terance D., Jodi Olson, and Ojmarrh Mitchell. (2006) Specialization and Persistence in the Arrest Histories of Sex Offenders: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Measures and Offence Types. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43, 204-229. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 8, November 2006] Mills, Helen. (2011) Community Sentences: A Solution to Penal Excess? Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, London, England. www.crimeandjustice.org.uk [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 6] Mitchell, Barry and Julian V. Roberts (2012). Sentencing for Murder: Exploring Public Knowledge and Public Opinion in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology, 52, 141-158. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 3] Mobasseri, Sanaz (2019). Race, Place, and Crime: How Violent Crime Events Affect Employment Discrimination. American Journal of Sociology, 125(1), 63-104. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 3] Moffatt, Steve and Don Weatherburn (2011). The Specific Deterrent Effect of Higher Fines on Drink-Driving Offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 51, 789-803. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 1] Moffitt, Terri E. (2018). Male Antisocial Behaviour in Adolescence and Beyond. Nature: Human Behaviour, 2, 177-186. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 4] Moffitt, Terrie E. and Avshalom Caspi. Childhood Predictors Differentiate Life-Course Persistent and Adolescent-Limited Anti-Social Pathways among Males and Females. Development and Psychopathology, 2001, 13, 355-375. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 4. September 2001. Moffitt, Terrie E., Richard W. Robins, and Avshalom Caspi. (2001). A Couples Analysis of Partner Abuse with Implications for Abuse-Prevention Policy. Criminology and Public Policy, 1, 5-36. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 8. April 2002.

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Moffitt, Terrie E., Robert F. Krueger, Avshalom Caspi, and Jeff Fagan. Partner abuse and general crime: How are they the same? How are they different? Criminology, 2000, 38, 199-232. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 2. July 2000. Monahan, Kathryn C., Asha Goldweber, and Elizabeth Cauffman (2011). The Effects of Visitation on Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders: How Contact with the Outside Impacts Adjustment on the Inside. Law and Human Behavior, 35, 143-151. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 7] Monk, Ellis P. (2019). The Colour of Punishment: African Americans, Skin Tone, and the Criminal Justice System. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(10), 1593-1612. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 4] Moon, Melissa M., Jody L. Sundt, Francis T. Cullen, and John Paul Wright. Is child saving dead? Public support for juvenile rehabilitation. Crime and Delinquency, 2000, 46 (1), 38-60. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 3. May 2000. Moore, Mark H. and Anthony A. Braga. (2004) Police Performance Measurement: A Normative Framework. Criminal Justice Ethics, 23 (1), 3-19. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 8. March 2005. Morgan, Neil. Mandatory sentences in Australia: Where have we been and where are we going? Criminal Law Journal, 2000, 24, 164-183. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 6. October 2000. Mowen, Thomas and John Brent (2016). School Discipline as a Turning Point: The Cumulative Effect of Suspension on Arrest. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(5), 628-653. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 1] Mowen, Thomas J., John J. Brent, and John H. Bowman IV (2020). The Effect of School Discipline on Offending Across Time. Justice Quarterly 37(4), 739-760. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 3] Mowen, Thomas J., Richard Stansfield, and John H. Boman, IV (2019). Family Matters: Moving Beyond “If” Family Support Matters to “Why” Family Support Matters During Reentry from Prison. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(4), 483-523. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 4] Moyle, Paul. Separating the Allocation of Punishment from its Administration. British Journal of Criminology, 2001, 41, 77-100. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 2. July 2001. Mulcahy, Linda (2007). Architects of Justice: The Politics of Courtroom Design. Social & Legal Studies, 16(3), 383-403. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 1] Mulvey, Edward P. and Elizabeth Cauffman. (October, 2001). The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence. American Psychologist, 797-802. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 6. April 2002. Mulvey, Edward P., Laurence Steinberg, Alex R. Piquero, Michelle Besana, Jeffrey Fagan, Carol Schubert, and Elizabeth Cauffman (2010). Development and Psychopathology, 22, 453-475. Mulvey, Edward P. Highlights from Pathways to Desistance. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet, March 2011. [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 8] Murphy, Kristina (2015). Does Procedural Justice Matter to Youth? Comparing Adults’ and Youths’ Willingness to Collaborate with Police. Policing and Society, 25(1), 53-76. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 5] Murphy, Yoko (2020). Contextualizing opposition to pardons: Implications for Pardon Reform. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 20(1), 21-38. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 7] Murphy, Yoko, Jane B. Sprott, and Anthony N. Doob (2015). Pardoning People Who Once Offended. Criminal Law Quarterly, 62, 209-225 [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 6]

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Murray, Joseph, Rolf Loeber, and Dustin Pardini (2012). Parental Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and the Development of Youth Theft, Marijuana Use, Depression and Poor Academic Performance. Criminology, 50 (1) 255-302. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 1] Murrie, Daniel C., Marcus T. Boccaccini, Patricia A. Zapf, and Craig E. Henderson (2008). Clinician Variation in Findings of Competence to Stand Trial. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 14 (3), 177-193. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 5] Myers, David L. (2003). The Recidivism of Violent Youths in Juvenile and Adult Court: A Consideration of Selection Bias. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 1, 79-101. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 3] Myers, Nicole M. and Sunny Dhillon (2013). The Criminal Offence of Entering Any Shoppers Drug Mart in Ontario: Criminalizing Ordinary Behaviour with Youth Bail Conditions. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 55, 187-214. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 5] Myers, Nicole Marie (2015). Who Said Anything About Justice? Bail Court and the Culture of Adjournment. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 30(1), 127-146. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 1] Myers, Nicole Marie (2017). Eroding the Presumption of Innocence: Pre-trial Detention and the Use of Conditional Release on Bail. British Journal of Criminology, 57, 664-683. [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 4] Myhill, Andy and Ben Bradford (2012). Can Police Enhance Public Confidence by Improving Quality of Service? Results from Two Surveys in England and Wales. Policing & Society, 22 (4), 397- 425. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 5] Nagin, Daniel S., Francis T. Cullen, and Cheryl Lero Jonson (2009). Imprisonment and Reoffending. In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Tonry, Michael, ed.), Volume 38. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 1] Nagin, Daniel S. (2013). Deterrence in the Twenty-First Century. In Tonry, Michael (ed.). Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 42, 199-263. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 2] Nagin, Daniel S., G. Pogarsky, and David P. Farrington. (1997) Adolescent mothers and the criminal behaviour of their children. Law and Society Review, 31, 137-162. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 8. January 1998. Neapolitan, Jerome L. A comparative analysis of nations with low and high levels of violent crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 1999, 27, 259-274. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 8. September 1999. Nelen, Hans (2004). Hit Them Where It Hurts Most? The Proceeds-of-Crime Approach in the Netherlands. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 41, 517-534. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 6. March 2005. Netter, Brian (2007). Using Group Statistics to Sentence Individual Criminals: An Ethical and Statistical Critique of the Virginia Risk Assessment Program. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 97 (3), 699-729. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 3] Newburn, Tim. (2002). Atlantic Crossings: ‘Policy Transfer’ and Crime Control in the USA and Britain. Punishment and Society, 4, 165-194. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 6; October 2004] Nieuwbeerta, Paul, Daniel S. Nagin, and Arjan A. J. Blokland (2009). Assessing the Impact of First- Time Imprisonment on Offenders’ Subsequent Criminal Career Development: A Matched Sample Comparison. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25, 227-257. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 2]

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Nilsson, Anders (2003). Living Conditions, Social Exclusion and Recidivism Among Prison Inmates. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 4, 57-83. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 2; October 2003] Nir, Esther and Elizabeth Griffiths (2018). Sentencing on the Evidence. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 29(4), 365-390. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 6] O’Donnell, Ian and Eoin O’Sullivan. (2003). The Politics of Intolerance – Irish Style. British Journal of Criminology, 43, 41-62. . Volume 5, Number 6, Item 7. July 2003. O’Donnell, Ian. Imprisonment and Penal Policy in Ireland. (2004) The Howard Journal, 43, 253-266. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 2] Oeberst, Aileen (2012). If Anything Else Comes to Mind… Better Keep It to Yourself? Delayed Recall is Discrediting – Unjustifiably. Law and Human Behavior, 36 (4) 266-274. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 3] Olds, David, Charles R. Henderson Jr., Robert Cole, John Eckenrode, Harriet Kitzman, Dennis Luckey, Lisa Pettitt, Kimberly Sidora, Pamela Morris, and Jane Powers. Long-term Effects of Nurse Home Visitation on Children’s Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1998, 280, 1238-1244. Volume 4, Number 2, Item 1. July 2001. Onifade, Eyitayo, William Davidson, Christina Campbell, Garrett Turke, Jill Malinowski, and Kimberly Turner (2008). Predicting Recidivism in Probationers with the Youth Level of Service Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(4), 474-483. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 5] Osgood, D. Wayne and Amy L. Anderson (2004). Unstructured Socializing and Rates of Delinquency. Criminology, 42(3), 519-549. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 1. March 2005. Ousey, Graham C. and Charis E. Kubrin (2009). Exploring the Connection between Immigration and Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Cities, 1980-2000. Social Problems, 56(3), 447-473. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 4] Pager, Devah (2003). The Mark of a Criminal Record. American Journal of Sociology, 108, 937-975. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 2] Painter, Kate A. and David P. Farrington. Evaluating Situational Crime Prevention Using a Young People’s Survey. British Journal of Criminology, 2001, 41, 266-284. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 8. September 2001. Pakes, Francis. (2004) The Politics of Discontent: The Emergence of a New Criminal Justice Discourse in the Netherlands. The Howard Journal, 43, 267-283. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 1] Papalia, Nina and 5 others (2019). Disparities in Criminal Justice System Responses to First-Time Juvenile Offenders According to Indigenous Status. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(8), 1067-1087. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 1] Paparozzi, Mario A. and Paul Gendreau. (2005). An Intensive Supervision Program that Worked: Service Delivery, Professional Orientation, and Organizational Supportiveness. The Prison Journal, 85 (4), 445-466. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 2. August 2006] Paternoster, Ray and Jerome Deise (2011). A Heavy Thumb on the Scale: The Effect of Victim Impact Evidence on Capital Decision Making. Criminology, 4(1), 129-161. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 7]

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Paternoster, Ray, Jean Marie McGloin, Holly Nguyen, and Kyle J. Thomas (2013). The Causal Impact of Exposure to Deviant Peers: An Experimental Investigation. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50(4), 476-503. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 3] Paternoster, Raymond, Robert Brame, Ronet Bachman, and Lawrence W. Sherman. Do fair procedures matter? The effect of procedural justice on spouse assault. Law and Society Review, 1977, 31(1), 163-204. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 2. September 1997. Payne, Allison Ann (2008). A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationships among Communal School Organization, Student Bonding, and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45(4), 429-455. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 1] Payne, Brian K. and Matthew DeMichele (2011). Sex offender policies: Considering unanticipated consequences of GPS sex offender monitoring. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 16, 177-187. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 4] Pelvin, Holly (2019). Remand as a Cross-Institutional System: Examining the Process of Punishment before Conviction. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (online pre-publication). [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 1] Perrone, Paul A. and Meda Chesney-Lind. Representations of gangs and delinquency: Wild in the streets? Social Justice, Volume 24 (4). Winter 1997. Volume 1, Number 4, Item 4. April 1998. Perry, Brea L. and Edward W. Morris (2014). Suspending Progress: Collateral Consequences of Exclusionary Punishment in Public Schools. American Sociological Review, 79(6), 1067-1087. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 1] Peter D. Hart Research Associates (2002). Changing Public Attitudes Toward the Criminal Justice System. The Open Society Institute. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 1. July 2002 Petersilia, Joan. Parole and prisoner reentry in the United States. In Michael Tonry (ed.) Prisons. Crime and Justice: A review of research (Volume 26). University of Chicago Press: 1999. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 5. May 2000. Peterson, Dana, Terrance J. Taylor, and Finn-Aage Esbensen. (2004). Gang Membership and Violent Victimization. Justice Quarterly, 21(4), 793-815. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 5. June 2005] Petrosino, Anthony J. and Carolyn Petrosino. The Public Safety Potential of Megan’s Law in Massachusetts: An Assessment from a Sample of Criminal Sexual Psychopaths. Crime and Delinquency, January 1999, 45 (1), 140-158. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 2. May 2001. Petrosino, Anthony, Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino, and Sarah Guckenburg (2010). Formal System Processing of Juveniles: Effects on Delinquency. The Campbell Collaboration. Oslo, Norway: www.campbellcollaboration.org [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 3] Petrosino, Anthony, Sarah Guckenburg, and Trevor Fronius (2012). ‘Policing Schools’ Strategies: A Review of the Evaluation Evidence. Journal of MuliDisciplinary Evaluation, 8 (17), 80-101. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 1] Petrosino, Anthony; Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino and John Buehler (September 2003). Scared Straight and Other Juvenile Awareness Programs for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency: A Systematic Review of the Randomized Experimental Evidence. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 589, 41-62. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 4] Petrosino, Carolyn. Connecting the past to the future: Hate crime in America. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, February 1999, 15 (1), 22-47. Jacobs, James B. and Elizabeth E. Joh. Tremors on the

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racial fault line: The 1996 Black church fires in retrospect. Criminal Law Bulletin, 1998 (November- December), 34 (6), 497-519. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 4. April 1999. Pickett, Justin T. and Ted Chiricos (2012). Controlling Other People’s Children: Racialized Views of Delinquency and Whites’ Punitive Attitudes Toward Juvenile Offenders. Criminology, 50 (3), 673-710. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 4] Pickett, Justin T., Christina Mancini, and Daniel P. Mears (2013). Vulnerable Victims, Monstrous Offenders, and Unmanageable Risk: Explaining Public Opinion on the Social Control of Sex Crime. Criminology 51(3), 729-759. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 8] Pickett, Justin T., Daniel Tope, and Rose Bellandi (2014). “Taking Back Our Country”: Tea Party Membership and Support for Punitive Crime Control Policies. Sociological Inquiry 84(2), 167-190. Volume 14, Number 4, Item 6] Pierotti, Rachel S. (2013). Increasing Rejection of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence of Global Cultural Diffusion. American Sociological Review, 78 (2) 240-265. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 3] Piff, Paul K., Daniel M. Stancato, Stéphane Cté, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, and Dacher Keltner. (2012) Higher social class predicts increased unethical behaviour. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), PNAS Early edition, 1-6. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 2] Piper, August, Linda Lillevik and Roxanne Kritzer (2008). What’s Wrong with Believing in Repression? A Review for Legal Professionals. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 14 (3), 223-242. Takarangi, Melanie K.T., Devon L. L. Polaschek, Maryanne Garry and Elizabeth F. Loftus (2008). Psychological Science, Victim Advocates, and the Problem of Recovered Memories. International Review of Victimology, 15, 147-163. [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 7] Piquero, Alex and Stephen Tibbetts. The impact of pre/perinatal disturbances and disadvantaged familial environment in predicting criminal offending. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 8 (1), 1999, 52-70. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 6. September 1999. Piquero, Alex R. (2005). Reliable Information and Rational Policy Decisions: Does Gun Research Fit the Bill? Criminology and Public Policy, 4(4), 779-798. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 2, June 2006. Piquero, Alex R., David P. Farrington, Brandon C. Welsh, Richard Tremblay, and Wesley Jennings (2008). Effects of Early Family/ Parent Training Programs on Antisocial Behavior and Delinquency. The Campbell Collaboration: http:// www. campbellcollaboration.org [Volume 10, Number 4, Item 6] Pogarsky, Greg and Alex R. Piquero (2003). Can Punishment Encourage Offending? Investigating the “Resetting” Effect. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 95-120. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 2] Pogarsky, Greg, KiDeuk Kim, and Ray Paternoster (2005). Perceptual Change in the National Youth Survey: Lessons for Deterrence Theory and Offender Decision-Making. Justice Quarterly, 22 (1), 1-29. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 7, June 2006. Pogarsky, Greg, Sean Patrick Roche, and Justin Pickett (2017). Heuristics and Biases, Rational Choice, and Sanction Perceptions. Criminology, 55(1) 85-111. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 8] Porter, Nicole (2012). The State of Sentencing, 2011. The Sentencing Project. Available online: www.sentencingproject.org [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 4] Porter, Stephen, Leanne ten Brinke and Chantal Gustaw (2010). Dangerous Decisions: The Impact of First Impressions of Trustworthiness on the Evaluation of Legal Evidence and Defendant Culpability. Psychology, Crime & Law, 16(6), 477-491. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 8]

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Pratt, John (2008). When Penal Populism Stops: Legitimacy, Scandal and the Power to Punish in New Zealand. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 364-383. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 4] Pratt, John and Marie Clark. (2005) Penal populism in New Zealand. Punishment and Society, 7(3), 303- 322. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 4; November 2005) Pratt, Travis C. and Jeff Maahs. Are private prisons more cost-effective than public prisons? A meta-analysis of evaluation research studies. Crime and Delinquency, 1999, 45, 358-371. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 2. September 1999. Pratt, Travis C. and Timothy W. Godsey (2002). Social Support and Homicide: A Cross-National Test of an Emerging Criminological Theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 589-601. Messner, Steven F., Raffolovich, L.E., and Peter Shrock (2002). Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 377-395. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 4. May 2003]. Prescott, J.J. and Sonja B. Starr (2019) Expungement of Criminal Convictions: An Empirical Study. Harvard Law Review 133 (in press). [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 1] Prins, Seth J. (2019). Criminogenic or Criminalized: Testing an Assumption for Expanding Criminogenic Risk Assessment. Law and Human Behavior, 45(5), 477-490. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 5] Pue, W. Wesley, Robert Diab, and Grace Jackson (2015). The Policing of Major Events in Canada: Lessons from Toronto’s G20 and Vancouver’s Olympics. Windsor Yearbook on Access to Justice, 32, 181-211. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 5] Quillian, Lincoln and Devah Pager (2001). Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime. American Journal of Sociology, 107, 717-767. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 4. October 2002 Raaijmakers, Ellen A. C., Thomas A. Loughran, Jan. W. de Keijser, Paul Nieuwbeerta, and Anja J. E. Dirkzwager (2017). Exploring the Relationship between Subjectively Experienced Severity of Imprisonment and Recidivism: A Neglected Element in Testing Deterrence Theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(1), 3-28. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 7] Radelet, Michael L. and Ronald L Akers. (1996) Deterrence and the death penalty: the views of experts. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 87 (1), 1-16. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 8. November 1997. Ramakers, Anke, Robert Apel, Paul Nieuwbeerta, Anja Dirkzwager, and Johan Van Wilsem (2014). Imprisonment Length and Post-Prison Employment Prospects. Criminology, 52(3), 399-427. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 7] Ramey, David M. (2016). The Influence of Early School Punishment and Therapy/Medication on Social Control Experiences During Young Adulthood. Criminology, 54(1), 113-141. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 1] Ramirez, Mark D. (2013). Punitive Sentiment. Criminology, 51(2), 329-364. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 4] Ramos, Javier and Marin R. Wenger (2020). Immigration and Recidivism: What is the link? Justice Quarterly, 37(3), 436-460. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 6]

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Ratcliffe, Jerry H., Travis Taniguchi, Elizabeth R. Groff, and Jennifer D. Wood (2011). The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Police Patrol Effectiveness in Violent Crime Hotspots. Criminology, 49(3), 795-831. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 3] Rebellon, Cesar J. (2002). Reconsidering the Broken Homes/Delinquency Relationship and Exploring its Mediating Mechanism(s). Criminology, 40, 103-135. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 8, December 2002 Redding, Richard E. Juvenile offenders in criminal court and adult prison: Legal, psychological, and behavioural outcomes. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, Winter 1999, 1-20. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 3. June 1999. Redlich, Allison D. and Gail S. Goodman. (2003). Taking Responsibility for an Act Not Committed: The Influence of Age and Suggestibility. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 141-156. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 3. July 2003. Reisig, Michael D., Bales, William D., Hay, Carter, and Wang, Xia (2007). The Effect of Racial Inequality on Black Male Recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 24 (3), 408-434. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 3] Reisig, Michael D., Kristy Holtfreter and Merry Morash (2006). Assessing Recidivism Risk Across Female Pathways to Crime. Justice Quarterly, 23(3), 384-405. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 6, January 2007] Reynolds, K. Michael, Ruth Seydlitz, and Pamela Jenkins. Do juvenile curfew laws work? A time- series analysis of the New Orleans Law. Justice Quarterly, 2000, 17, 205-230. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 7. October 2000. Richardson, Elizabeth and Arie Freiberg (2004). Protecting Dangerous Offenders from the Community: The Application of Protective Sentencing Laws in Victoria. Criminal Justice, 4, 81-102. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 7] Righarts, Saskia, Sarah O’Neill, and Rachel Zajac (2013). Addressing the Negative Effect of Cross- Examination Questioning on Children’s Accuracy: Can We Intervene? Law and Human Behavior, 37(5), 354-365. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 6] Risinger, D. Michael (2007). Innocents Convicted: An Empirically Justified Factual Wrongful Conviction Rate. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 97(3), 761-803. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 5]. Roberts, Aki and Gary LaFree (2004). Explaining Japan’s Postwar Violent Crime Trends. Criminology, 42(1), 179-209. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 4] Roberts, Julian V. (2002). Determining Parole Eligibility Dates for Life Prisoners: Lessons from Jury Hearings in Canada. Punishment and Society, 4, 103-113. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 4; October 2004] Roberts, Julian V. (2003). Public Opinion and Mandatory Sentencing. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30, 483-508. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 6] Roberts, Julian V. and Andrew Ashworth (2016). The Evolution of Sentencing Policy and Practice in England & Wales. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 45, 307-358. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 7] Roberts, Julian V. and Mike Hough (2011). Custody or Community? Exploring the boundaries of public punitiveness in England and Wales. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 11(2), 181-197 [Volume 12, Number 1, Item 4] Roberts, Julian V. and Mike Hough (2013). Sentencing Riot-Related Offending: Where Do the Public Stand? British Journal of Criminology, 53, 234-256. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 8]

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Roberts, Julian V., Dan Antonowicz, and Trevor Sanders. Conditional sentences of imprisonment: An empirical analysis of optional conditions. Criminal Reports, 2000, 30, 113-125. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 4. July 2000. Roberts, Julian V., Nicole Crutcher and Paul Verbrugge. (2007) Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Canada: Exploring Recent Findings. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 49, 75-107. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 1, July 2007) Roberts, Lynne D., Caroline Spiranovic, and David Indermaur (2011). A Country Not Divided: A Comparison of Public Punitiveness and Confidence in Sentencing Across Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 44(3), 370-386. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 5] Robinson, Gwen and Joanna Shapland (2008). Reducing Recidivism: A Task for Restorative Justice? British Journal of Criminology, 48, 337-358. [Volume 9, Number 5, Item 1] Rodriguez, Nancy (2005). Restorative Justice, Communities, and Delinquency: Whom Do We Trust? Criminology and Public Policy, 4(1), 103-130. [Volume 7, Number 3, Item 8. June 2005] Rodriguez, Nancy, Hilary Smith, and Marjorie S. Zatz (2009). “Youth is Enmeshed in a Highly Dysfunctional Family System”: Exploring the Relationship Among Dysfunctional Families, Parental Incarceration, and Juvenile Court Decision Making. Criminology, 47(1), 177-208. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 2] Rojek, Jeff, Richard Rosenfeld, and Scott Decker (2012). Policing Race: The Racial Stratification of Searches in Police Traffic Stops. Criminology, 50 (4), 993-1024. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 8] Root, Oren (2002). The Administration of Justice under Emergency Conditions: Lessons Following the Attack on the World Trade Center. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 1. March 2002. Roots, Katrin (2013). Trafficking or Pimping: An Analysis of Canada’s Human Trafficking Legislation and its Implications. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 28(1) 21-41. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 7] Rose, Dina R. and Todd R. Clear. Incarceration, social capital, and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory. Criminology, 1998, 36, 441-479. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 1. May 2000. Rosenbaum, David I., Nicole Hutsell, Alan J. Tomkins, Brian H. Bornstein, Mitchel N. Herian and Elizabeth M. Neeley. (2012) Court Date Reminder Cards. Judicature, 95(4), 177-187 [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 1] Rosenfeld, Richard and Joel Wallman (2019). Did De-Policing Cause the Increase in Homicide Rates? Criminology and Public Policy, 18, 51-75. [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 5] Rosenfeld, Richard and Robert Fornango (2007). The Impact of Economic Conditions on Robbery and Property Crime: The Role of Consumer Sentiment. Criminology, 45 (4), 735-769. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 4] Rosenfeld, Richard and Robert Fornango (2012). The Impact of Police Stops on Precinct Robbery and Burglary Rates in New York City, 2003-2010. Justice Quarterly, 37(1), 96-122. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 4] Rosenfeld, Richard, Fornango, Robert, and Rengifo, Andres F. (2007). The Impact of Order- Maintenance Policing on New York City Homicide and Robbery Rates: 1988-2001. Criminology, 45 (2) 355-384. [Volume 9, Number 1, Item 2]

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Rosenfeld, Richard, Michael J. Deckard, and Emily Blackburn (2014). The Effects of Directed Patrol and Self-Initiated Enforcement on Firearm Violence: A Randomized Controlled Study of Hot Spot Policing. Criminology, 52(3), 428-449. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 3] Rosenfeld, Richard, Robert Fornango, and Eric Baumer. (2005) Did Ceasefire, Comstat, and Exile reduce homicide? Criminology and Public Policy, 4(3), 419-450. (Volume 7, Number 5, Item 2; November 2005) Rossner, Meredith, David Tait, Blake McKimmie, and Rick Sarre (2017). The Dock on Trial: Courtroom Design and the Presumption of Innocence. Journal of Law and Society, 44, 317-344. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 8] Rubin, Ashley T. and Keramet Reiter (2018). Continuity in the Face of Penal Innovation: Revisiting the History of American Solitary Confinement. Law & Social Inquiry, 43(4), 1604-1632. [Volume 18, Number 2, Item 7] Ryan, James E. (1997) Who gets revoked: A comparison of intensive supervision successes and failures in Vermont. Crime and Delinquency, 43 (1), 104-118. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 7. November 1997. Ryan, Kevin F. Clinging to failure: The rise and continued life of U.S. drug policy. Law and Society Review, 1998, 32(1), 221-242. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 7. December 1998. Rynne, John, Richard W. Harding, and Richard Wortley (2008). Market Testing and Prison Riots: How Public-Sector Commercialization Contributed to a Prison Riot. Criminology and Public Policy, 7(1), 117-142. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 7]. Sacco, Vincent F. (2002). Black Hand Outrage: A Constructionist Analysis of an Urban Crime Wave. Deviant Behaviour, 24, 53-77. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 8] Sample, Lisa L. and Timothy M. Bray (2003). Are Sex Offenders Dangerous? Criminology and Public Policy, 3, 59-82. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 3] Sampson, Robert J. and Dawn Jeglum Bartusch. Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighbourhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 1998, 32, 777-804. Volume 2, Number 5, Item 3. September 1999. Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub (2003). Life-Course Desisters? Trajectories of Crime Among Delinquent Boys Followed to Age 70. Criminology, 41, 555-592. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 3] Sampson, Robert J. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighbourhoods. American Journal of Sociology, 1999, 105, 603-651. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 1. July 2000. Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls (1997). Neighbourhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 15 August 1997, 918-924. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 2. November 1997. Sandler, Jeffrey C., Naomi J. Freeman, and Kelly M. Socia. (2008). Does a Watched Pot Boil: A Time-Series Analysis of New York State’s Sex Offender Registration and Notification Law. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 14(4), 284-302. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 7] Saperstein, Aliya and Andrew M. Penner (2010). The Race of a Criminal Record: How Incarceration Colors Racial Perceptions. Social Problems, 57(1), 92-113. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 8]

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Savage, Joanne. (2004). Does Viewing Violent Media Really Cause Criminal Violence? A Methodological Review. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 10, 99-128. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 8] Savolainen, Jukka (2005). Think Nationally, Act Locally: The Municipal-Level Effects of the National Crime Prevention Program in Finland. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 11, 175-191. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 5. August 2006] Savolainen, Jukka, Martti Lehti, and Janne Kivivuori. (2008) Historical Origins of a Cross-National Puzzle. Homicide in Finland, 1750 to 2000. Homicide Studies, 12(1), 67-89. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 8]. Schiraldi, Vincent and Jason Ziedenberg. Schools and Suspensions: Self-reported Crime and the Growing Use of Suspensions. Justice Policy Institute Policy Brief. 1 September 2001. [Online]. Available: www.cjcj.org Volume 4, Number 4, Item 6. December 2001. Schiraldi, Vincent and Mark Soler. The will of the people? The public’s opinion of the violent and repeat juvenile offender act of 1997. Crime and Delinquency, 44 (4), October 1998, 590-601. Volume 2, Number 1, Item 5. December 1998. Schlossman, Michael B. (2012). Less Interest, Less Treatment: Mexican-American Youth and the Los Angeles Juvenile Court in the Great Depression Era. Punishment & Society, 14(2), 193-216. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 2] Schmucker, Martin and Friedrich Lsel (2015). The Effects of Sexual Offender Treatment on Recidivism: An International Meta-Analysis of Sound Quality Evaluations. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11, 597-630. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 6] Schnepel, Kevin T. (2016). God Jobs and Recidivism. The Economic Journal (Royal Economic Society), 128 (February), 447-469. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 7] Schuller, Regina A., Veronica Kazoleas, and Kerry Kawakami. (2009). The Impact of Prejudice Screening Procedures on Racial Bias in the Courtroom. Law and Human Behaviour, 33, 320-328. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 8] Schweinhart, Lawrence J. (2013). Long-term Follow-up of a Preschool Experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 9, 389-409. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 2] Scott, Elizabeth S. and Thomas Grisso. The evolution of adolescence: A developmental perspective on juvenile justice reform. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1998, 88 (1), 137-189. Volume 1, Number 6, Item 1. September 1998. Seagrave, Daniel and Thomas Grisso (2002). Adolescent Development and the Measurement of Juvenile Pathology. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 219-239. Hart, Stephen D., K.A. Watt and G.M. Vincent. Commentary on Seagrave and Grisso: Impressions of the State of the Art (pp. 241-245). Frick, Paul J. Juvenile Psychopathy from a Developmental Perspective: Implications for Construct Development and Use in Forensic Assessments (pp. 247-253). Lynam, Donald R. Fledgling Psychopathy: A View from Personality Theory (pp. 255-259). [Volume 5, Number 1, Item 3. July 2002 Segal, Jennifer A. Judicial decision making and the impact of election year rhetoric. Judicature, 2000, 84, 26-33. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 8. December 2000. Seron, Carroll, Gregg Van Ryzin, and Martin Frankel. (2001). The Impact of Legal Counsel on Outcomes for Poor Tenants in New York City’s Housing Court: Results of a Randomized Experiment. Law and Society Review, 35, 419-434. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 2. April 2002.

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Seron, Carrroll, Joseph Pereira, and Jean Kovath. (2004). Judging Police Misconduct: “Street-Level” versus Professional Policing. Law and Society Review, 38, 665-710. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 3. March 2005. Seto, Michael, R. Karl Hanson, and Kelly M. Babchishin (2011). Contact Sexual Offending by Men with Online Sexual Offences. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 23(1), 124-145. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 7] Sevigny, Eric L. (2009). Excessive Uniformity in Federal Drug Sentencing. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25, 155-180. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 4] Shaffer, Deborah Koetzle (2011). Looking Inside the Black Box of Drug Courts: A Meta-Analytic Review. Justice Quarterly, 38(3), 493-521. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 6] Shapland, Joanna, Ann Atkinson, Helen Atkinson, James Dignan, Lucy Edwards, Jeremy Hibbert, Marie Howes, Jennifer Johnstone, Gwen Robinson, and Angela Sorsby (2008). Does Restorative Justice Affect Reconviction? The Fourth Report from the Evaluation of Three Schemes. Ministry of Justice, United Kingdom. Available from www.justice.gov.uk. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 6] Sharkey, Patrick, Gerard Torrats-Espinosa, and Delaram Takyar (2017). Community and the Crime Decline: The Causal Effect of Local Nonprofits on Violent Crime, American Sociological Review, 82(6), 1214-1240. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 1] Sharlein, Jeffrey (2016). Beyond Recidivism: Investigating Comparative Educational and Employment Outcomes for Adolescents in the Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems. Crime & Delinquency (Advanced availability, 2017). Augustyn, Megan Bears and Thomas A. Loughran (2017) Juvenile Waiver as a Mechanism of Social Stratification: A Focus on Human Capital. Criminology, 55(2), 405-437. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 6] Shen, Yinzhi, Shawn D. Bushway, Lucy C. Sorensen & Herbert L. Smith (2020). Locking Up My Generation: Cohort Differences in Prison Spells Over the Life Course. Criminology 58, 645-677. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 4] Sherman, Lawrence W. (2018) Reducing Fatal Police Shootings as System Crashes: Research, Theory, and Practice. Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 421-449. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 8] Sherman, Lawrence W. and 10 others (2015). Twelve Experiments in Restorative Justice: The Jerry Lee Program of Randomized Trials of Restorative Justice Conferences. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11, 501-540. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 7] Sherman, Lawrence W., Heather Strang, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Daniel J. Woods, and Barak Ariel (2015). Are Restorative Justice Conferences Effective in Reducing Repeat Offending? Findings from a Campbell Systematic Review. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(1), 1-24. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 4] Siennick, Sonja E., Eric A. Stewart, and Jeremy Staff (2014). Explaining the Association Between Incarceration and Divorce. Criminology, 52, 371-398. [Volume 14, Number 6, Item 8] Silver, Jasmine R. and Justin T. Pickett (2015) Toward a Better Understanding of Politicized Policing Attitudes: Conflicted Conservatism and Support for Police Use of Force. Criminology, 53(4), 650-676. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 8] Simons, Ronald L., Chyi-In Wu, Kuei-Hsiu Lin, Leslie Gordon, and Rand D. Conger. A Cross- Cultural Examination of the Link between Corporal Punishment and Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour. Criminology, 2000, 38(1), 47-79. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 3. May 2001.

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Simons, Ronald L; Yi-Fu Chen; Eric A. Stewart and Gene H. Brody (2003). Incidents of Discrimination and Risk for Delinquency: A Longitudinal Test of Strain Theory with an African American Sample. Justice Quarterly, 20, 827-854. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 1] Sims, Barbara (2003). The Impact of Causal Attribution on Correctional Ideology: A National Study. Criminal Justice Review, 28, 1-25. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 6; October 2003] Skardhamar, Torbjrn and Jukka Savolainen (2014). Changes in Criminal Offending Around the Time of Job Entry: A Study of Employment and Desistance. Criminology, 52, 263-291. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 7] Skardhamar, Torbjrn and Kjetil Telle (2012). Post-release Employment and Recidivism in Norway. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 28, 629-649. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 5] Skeem, Jennifer and Edward Mulvey (2020). What Role Does Serious Mental Illness Play in Mass Shootings, and How Should We Address It? Criminology & Public Policy, 19, 85-108. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 2] Skeem, Jennifer, Nicholas Scurich, and John Monahan (2020). Impact of Risk Assessment on Judges’ Fairness in Sentencing Relatively Poor Defendants. Law and Human Behavior, 44(1), 51-59. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 4] Sklansky, David Alan (2006). Not Your Father’s Police Department: Making Sense of the New Demographics of Law Enforcement. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 96 (3), 1209-1243. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 1, November 2006] Skogan, Wesley (2005). Citizen Satisfaction with Police Encounters. Police Quarterly, 8 (3), 298-321. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 5, April 2007] Skogan, Wesley G. (2006) Asymmetry in the Impact of Encounters with Police. Policing & Society, 16 (2), 99-126. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 1. August 2006] Slocum, Lee Ann and Stephanie Ann Wiley (2018). “Experience of the Expected?” Race and Ethnicity Differences in the Effects of Police Contact on Youth. Criminology, 56(2). 402-432. [Volume 17, Number 4, Item 6] Smalarz, Laura and Gary L. Wells (2014). Confirming Feedback Following a Mistaken Identification Impairs Memory for the Culprit. Law and Human Behaviour, 38(3), 283-292. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 8] Smith, C., Lizotte, A.J., & Thornberry, T.P. (1995). “Resilient youth: Identifying factors that prevent high-risk youth from engaging in delinquency and drug use”. Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle, 4, 217-247. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 4. March 1999. Smith, David J. (2005) The Effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice System. Criminal Justice, 5(2), 181-195. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 1] Smith, David J. (2005). Ethnic Differences in Intergenerational Crime Patterns. In Tonry, Michael (ed.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 32. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 8, Number 3, Item 5, November 2006] Smith, David. Electronic Monitoring of Offenders: The Scottish Experience. Criminal Justice, 2001, 1(2), 201-214. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 7. September 2001. Smith, Greg T. “Civilized people don’t want to see that kind of thing: The decline of public physical punishment in London, 1760-1840.” Strange, Carolyn “Introduction”. Both essays in Strange, C.

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Qualities of Mercy: Justice Punishment, and Discretion. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1996. Volume 2, Number 3, Item 2. April 1999. Smith, P.H., Moracco, K.E., & Butts, J.D. (1998). Partner Homicide in Context. Homicide Studies 2(4), p. 400-421. Dawson, M. & Gartner, R. (1998). Differences in the Characteristics of Intimate Femicides: The Role of Relationship State and Relationship Status. Homicide Studies 2(4), 378-399. Volume 2, Number 2, Item 5. March 1999. Snodgrass, G. Matthew, Arjan A. J. Blokland, Amelia Haviland, Paul Nieuwbeerta, and Daniel S. Nagin (2011). Does the Time Cause the Crime? An Examination of the Relationship Between Time Served and Reoffending in the Netherlands. Criminology, 49(4), 1149-1194. [Volume 12, Number 3, Item 1] Snook, Brent, David Canter, and Craig Bennell (2002). Predicting the Home Location of Serial Offenders: A Preliminary Comparison of the Accuracy of Human Judges with a Geographic Profiling System. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 20, 109-118. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 7. July 2002 Snyder, Howard. The overrepresentation of juvenile crime proportions in robbery clearance statistics. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1999, 15, 151-161. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 6. November 1999. Somers, Julian M., Stefanie N. Rezansoff, Akm Moninzzaman, Anita Palepu, and Michelle Patterson (2013). Housing First Reduces Re-offending among Formerly Homeless Adults with Mental Disorders: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS|One http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0072946 [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 5] Soole, David W., Lorraine Mazerolle, and Sacha Rombouts (2008). School-Based Drug Prevention Programs: A Review of What Works. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 41(2), 259- 286. [Volume 10, Number 2, Item 7] Sorg, Evan T., Cory P. Haberman, Jerry H. Ratcliffe, and Elizabeth R. Groff (2013). Foot Patrol in Violent Crime Hot Spots: The Longitudinal Impact of Deterrence and Posttreatment Effects of Displacement. Criminology, 51 (1), 65-101. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 2] Spiranovic, Caroline A., Lynne D. Roberts, David Indermaur, Kate Warner, Karen Gelb, and Geraldine Mackenzie (2012). Public Preferences for Sentencing Purposes: What Difference Does Offender Age, Criminal History, and Offence Type Make? Criminology & Criminal Justice, 12 (3), 289- 306. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 2] Spohn, Cassia and David Holleran (2002). The Effect of Imprisonment on Recidivism Rates of Felony Offenders: A Focus on Drug Offenders. Criminology, 40, 329-357. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 3. October 2002 Sprott, Jane B. (2012). The Persistence of Status Offences in the Youth Justice System. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 54(3), 309-332. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 1] Sprott, Jane B. and Allan Manson (2017) YCJA Bail Conditions: “Treating” Girls and Boys Differently. Canadian Criminal Law Review, 22, 77-94. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 1] Sprott, Jane B. and Carla Cesaroni (2002). Similarities in Homicide Trends in the United States and Canada. Homicide Studies, 6, 348-359. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 4, March 2003. Sprott, Jane B. and Jessica Sutherland (2015). Unintended Consequences of Multiple Bail Conditions for Youth. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 57(1), 59-81. [Volume 15, Number 3, Item 1]

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Sprott, Jane B. and Nicole M. Myers (2011). Set Up to Fail: The Unintended Consequences of Multiple Bail Conditions. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 53 (4), 404-423. [Volume 12, Number 5, Item 3] Staff, Jeremy and Christopher Uggen. The Fruits of Good Work: Early Work Experiences and Adolescent Deviance (2003). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40 (3), 263-290. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 7] Steblay, Nancy K, Jennifer E. Dysart, and Gary L. Wells (2011). Seventy-two Tests of the Sequential Lineup Superiority Effect: A Meta-Analysis and Policy Discussion. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 17(1), 99-139. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 6] Steblay, Nancy, Harmon M. Hosch, Scott E. Culhane, and Adam McWethy (2006) The Impact on Juror Verdicts of Judicial Instructions to Disregard Inadmissible Evidence: A Meta-Analysis. Law and Human Behaviour, 30, 469-492. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 8, July 2007) Steffensmeier, Darrell J., Jennifer Schwartz, and Michael Roche (2013). Gender and Twenty-First- Century Corporate Crime: Female Involvement and the Gender Gap in Enron-Era Corporate Frauds. American Sociological Review, 78 (3), 448-476. [Volume 13, Number 6, Item 5] Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jennifer Schwartz, Hua Zhong, and Jeff Ackerman (2005) An Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls’ Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing? Criminology, 43 (2), 355-405. [Volume 7, Number 6, Item 6; February 2006] Steinberg, Laurence, Elizabeth Cauffman, Jennifer Wollard, Sandra Graham, and Marie Banich (2009). Are Adolescents Less Mature Than Adults? Minors’ Access to Abortion, the Juvenile Death Penalty, and the Alleged APA [American Psychological Association] “Flip-Flop”. American Psychologist, 64 (7), 583-594. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 3] Steinberg, Laurence. Youth violence: Do parents and families make a difference? National Institute of Justice Journal, April 2000, 31-38. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 3. December 2000. Steiner, Benjamin and Emily Wright (2006). Assessing the Relative Effects of State Direct File Waiver Laws on Violent Crime: Deterrence or Irrelevance? Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 96(4), 1451-1470. . (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 2, July 2007) Steiner, Benjamin and John Wooldredge (2015). Examining the Sources of Correctional Officer Legitimacy. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 105(3), 679-704. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 4] Steiner, Benjamin D., William J. Powers, and Austin Sarat. Folk knowledge as legal action: Death penalty judgements and the tenet of early release in a culture of mistrust and punitiveness. Law and Society Review, 1999, 33, 461-505. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 8. March 2000. Steiner, Benjamin, Craig Hemmens, and Valerie Bell (2006). Legislative Waiver Reconsidered: General Deterrent Effects of Statutory Exclusion Laws Enacted Post-1979. Justice Quarterly, 23 (1), 34-59. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 7, January 2007] Stewart, Eric A., Ronald L. Simons, Rand D. Conger, and Laura V. Scaramella. (2002). Beyond the Interactional Relationship between Delinquency and Parenting Practices: The Contribution of Legal Sanctions. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39, 36-59. Volume 4, Number 6, Item 5. April 2002. Stewart, Robert and Christopher Uggen (2020). Criminal Records and College Admissions: A Modified Experimental Audit. Criminology, 58, 156-188. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 2]

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Stickle, Wendy Povitsky, Nadine M. Connell, Denise M. Wilson, and Denise Gottfredson (2008). An Experimental Evaluation of Teen Courts. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 4, 137-163. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 8] Stolzenberg, Lisa and Stewart J. D’Alessio. “Three Strikes and You’re Out”: The Impact of California’s New Mandatory Sentencing Law on Serious Crime Rates. (October 1997). Crime and Delinquency, 43, 457-469. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 4. January 1998. Stowell, Jacob I., Steven R. Messner, Kelly F. McGeever, and Lawrence E. Raffalovich (2009). Immigration and the Recent Violent Crime Drop in the United States: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Time-Series Analysis of Metropolitan Areas. Criminology, 47 (3), 889-928. [Volume 10, Number 6, Item 7] Stucky, Thomas D. and John R. Ottensmann (2016). Registered Sex Offenders and Reported Sex Offences. Crime & Delinquency, 62(8), 1026-1045. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 3] Stucky, Thomas D., Karen Heimer, and Joseph B. Lang. (2005). Partisan Politics, Electoral Competition and Imprisonment: An Analysis of States Over Time. Criminology, 43(1), 211- 247.[Volume 7, Number 3, Item 4. June 2005] Sturup, Joakim and Per Linquist (2014): Homicide Offenders 32 years Later: A Swedish Population- based Study on Recidivism. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 24, 5-17. Langan, Patrick.A. and David.J. Levin (2002). Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994. US Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Parole Board of Canada (1999). Repeat Homicide Offences Committed by Offenders Under Community Supervision. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 2] Styve, Gaylene J., Doris Layton MacKenzie, Angela R. Gover, and Ojmarrh Mitchell. Perceived conditions of confinement: A national evaluation of juvenile boot camps and traditional facilities. Law and Human Behaviour, 2000, 24, 297-308. Volume 3, Number 4, Item 3. October 2000. Sugie, Naomi F. (2018). Work as Foraging: A Smartphone Study of Job Search and Employment after Prison. American Journal of Sociology, 123(5), 1453-1491. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 5] Sugie, Naomi F. and Kristin Turney (2017). Beyond Incarceration: Criminal Justice Contact and Mental Health. American Sociological Review, 82(4), 719-743. [Volume 17, Number 2, Item 3] Sullivan, Christopher J., Lesli Blair, Edward Latessa & Carrie Coen Sullivan (2014). Juvenile Drug Courts and Recidivism: Results from a Multi-site Outcome Study. Justice Quarterly, 33(2), 291-318. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 5] Survey Finds Large Gaps in Megan’s Law Enforcement. (2003). Criminal Justice Newsletter, February 18, 5-6. (2) Jacobs, Deborah. (2003). Why Sex Offender Notification Won’t Keep Our Children Safe. Corrections Today, February, 22. (3) Klaas, Marc. (2003). Sex Offender Registries Protect Our Children. Corrections Today, February, 23. (4) Cuffley, Natalie. (2003). Tattooing Sex Offender on His Forehead. Criminal Reports (6th), 134-155. (5) Zevitz, Richard G. and Farkas, Mary Ann. (2000). Sex Offender Community Notification: Managing High Risk Criminals or Exacting Further Vengeance? Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18, 375-391. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 1. July 2003. Suzuki, Masahiro and William R. Wood (2018). Is Restorative Justice Conferencing Appropriate for Youth Offenders? Criminology and Criminal Justice 18(4), 450-467. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 7] Swartz, James A. and Arthur J. Lurigio. (2007). Serious Mental Illness and Arrest: The Generalized Mediating Effect of Substance Use. Crime and Delinquency, 53 (4), 581-604. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 3]

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Sweeten, Gary (2006). Who Will Graduate? Disruption of High School Education by Arrest and Court Involvement. Justice Quarterly, 23 (4), 462-480. [Volume 8, Number 5, Item 4, April 2007] Sydes, Michelle (2017). Revitalized or Disorganized? Unpacking the Immigration-Crime Link in a Multiethnic Setting. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(5), 680-714. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 3] T3 Associates Training and Consulting. Project Turnaround Outcome Evaluation – Final Report. Report obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Correctional Services, April 2001. Volume 4, Number 1, Item 1. May 2001. Taheri, Sema A. (2016). Do Crisis Intervention Teams Reduce Arrests and Improve Officer Safety? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 27(1), 76-96. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 6] Taheri, Sema and Brandon C. Welsh (2016). After-School Programs for Delinquency Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 14(3), 272-290. [Volume 16, Number 1, Item 4] Talwar, Victoria; Kang Lee; Nicholas Bala, and R. C. L. Lindsay (2002). Children’s Conceptual Knowledge of Lying and its Relation to their Actual Behaviours: Implications for Court Competence Examinations. Law and Human Behaviour, 26, 395-414. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 5, December 2002 Tanenhaus, David S. and Steven A. Drizin. (2003). “Owing to the Extreme Youth of the Accused”: The Changing Legal Response to Juvenile Homicide. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 92, 641- 705. Volume 5, Number 6, Item 6. July 2003. Tankebe, Justice (2013). Viewing Things Differently: The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy. Criminology, 51(1), 103-135. [Volume 13, Number 5, Item 6] Tanner, Julian, Scott Davies, and Bill O’Grady. Whatever happened to yesterday’s rebels? Longitudinal effects of youth delinquency on educational employment. Social Problems, 1999, 46, 250- 274. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 5. November 1999. Tata, Cyrus (2010). A Sense of Justice: The Role of Pre-sentence Reports in the Production (and Disruption) of Guilt and Guilty Pleas. Punishment & Society, 12(3), 239-261. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 4] Tata, Cyrus and Frank Stephen (2006). “Swings and Roundabouts”: Do Changes to the Structure of legal Aid Remuneration Make a Real Difference to Criminal Case Management and Case Outcomes? Criminal Law Review, 2006, 722-741. [Volume 8, Number 4, Item 2, January 2007] Taxman, Faye S. (2008). No Illusions: Offender and Organizational Change in Maryland’s Proactive Community Supervision Efforts. Criminology and Public Policy, 7 (2), 275-302. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 4] Terrill, William and Eugene A. Paoline, III (2012). Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) and Citizen Injuries. The Shocking Empirical Reality. Justice Quarterly, 29(2), 153-182. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 5] Terrill, William and John McCluskey (2002). Citizen Complaints and Problem Officers. Examining Officer Behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 143-155. Volume 5, Number 1, Item 2. July 2002 Terrill, William and Stephen D. Mastrofski (2002). Situational and Officer-Based Determinants of Police Coercion. Justice Quarterly, 19, 215-248. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 8. October 2002

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Terrill, William, Eugene A. Paoline, III, and Peter K. Manning (2003). Police Culture and Coercion. Criminology, 41 (4), 1003-1034. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 6] Thacher, David (2003) The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Robbed: Inequality in U.S. Criminal Victimization, 1974-2000. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20, 89-116. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 1; October 2004] Tham, Henrik and Hanns von Hofer (2009). Individual Prediction and Crime Trends. European Journal of Criminology, 6(4), 313-335. [Volume 10, Number 5, Item 8] Thomas, George C. III, and Richard A. Leo. (2002). The Effects of Miranda v. Arizona: “Embedded” in Our National Culture? in M. Tonry (ed). Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Volume 29. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 203-271. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 5] Thompson, Sara K. and Rosemary Gartner (2014). The Spatial Distribution and Social Context of Homicide in Toronto’s Neighbourhoods. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 51(1), 88-118. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 5] Tibbetts, Stephen G. and Alex R. Piquero. The influence of gender, low birth weight, and disadvantaged environment in predicting early onset of offending: A test of Moffitt’s interactional hypothesis. Criminology, 1999, 37 (4), 843-877. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 6. March 2000. Tiersma, Peter M. and Lawrence M. Solan. (2004) Cops and Robbers: Selective Literalism in American Criminal Law. Law and Society Review, 38, 229-265. [Volume 6, Number 6, Item 3; October 2004] Tiratelli, Matteo, Paul Quinton, and Bed Bradford (2018). Does Stop and Search Deter Crime? Evidence From Ten Years of London-Wide Data. British Journal of Criminology, 58, 1212-1231. [Volume 17, Number 6, Item 6] Tonry, Michael (2004). Thinking about Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American Penal Culture. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapters 2 and 5: “Why So Many Americans are in Prison” and “Crime Trends and the Effects of Crime Control Policies.” [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 8] Tonry, Michael (2009). The Mostly Unintended Effects of Mandatory Penalties: Two Centuries of Consistent Findings. In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Tonry, Michael, ed.), Volume 38. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 3] Tonry, Michael (2019). Predictions of Dangerousness in Sentencing: Déjà Vu All Over Again. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 48, 439-482. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 3] Tonry, Michael and Richard S. Frase (eds.) (2001). Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries. Oxford University Press. Tonry: Punishment Policies in Western Countries (pp. 3-28). Frase: Comparative Perspectives on Sentencing Policy and Research (pp. 259-292). Volume 5, Number 2, Item 5. October 2002 Tonry, Michael. Why are U.S. incarceration rates so high? Crime and Delinquency, 1999, 45¸ 419-437. Volume 2, Number 6, Item 2. November 1999. Topalli, Volkan, Timothy Brezina and Mindy Berhardt (2012). With God on My Side: The Paradoxical Relationship Between Religious Belief and Criminality Among Hardcore Street Offenders. Theoretical Criminology, 17 (1), 49-69. [Volume 13, Number 4, Item 5] Townsley, Michael and John W. Bond. (2007). Closing the (protective services) gap: Why size does matter when determining optimal Level 2 service delivery. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 9 (2), 183-192. Bond, John W. (2007) Maximising the opportunities to detect domestic

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burglary with DNA and fingerprints. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 9 (3), 287-298. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 6]. Tracy, Paul E. and Vincent Morgan. Big Brother and his science kit: DNA databases for 21st century crime control? Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 2000, 90, 635-690. Volume 3, Number 5, Item 7. December 2000. Tremblay, Richard E. and Christa Japel. (2003) Prevention During Pregnancy, Infancy, and the Preschool Years. In Farrington, David P. and Jeremy W. Coid. Early Prevention of Adult Antisocial Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. [Volume 6, Number 5; Item 2] Trotter, Christopher. The impact of different supervision practices in community corrections: Cause for optimism. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 1996, 29 (1), 29-46. Volume 1, Number 1, Item 8. September 1997. Trulson, Chad R., Matt DeLisi, and James W. Marquart (2011). Institutional Misconduct, Delinquent Background, and Rearrest Frequency Among Serious and Violent Delinquent Offenders. Crime & Delinquency, 57(5), 709-731. [Volume 12, Number 4, Item 2] Tubex, Hilde, David Brown, Arie Freiberg, Karen Gelb, and Rick Sarre (2015). Penal diversity within Australia. Punishment & Society, 17(3), 345-373. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 5] Turanovic, Jillian J. (2019). Heterogeneous effects of adolescent violent victimization on problematic outcomes in early adulthood. Criminology, 57, 105-135. [Volume 18, Number 1, Item 7] Turanovic, Jillian J., Nancy Rodriguez, and Travis C. Pratt (2012). The Collateral Consequences of Incarceration Revisited: A Qualitative Analysis of the Effects on Caregivers of Children of Incarcerated Parents. Criminology, 50 (4), 913-959. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 3] Turner, Emily, Juanjo Medina, and Gavin Brown (2019). Dashing Hopes? The Predictive Accuracy of Domestic Abuse Risk Assessment by Police. British Journal of Criminology, 59, 1013-1034. [Volume 18, Number 4, Item 4] Turner, Michael G., Francis T. Cullen, Jody L. Sundt, and Brandon K. Applegate. Public tolerance for community-based sanctions. The Prison Journal, 1997, 77, 6-26. Volume 1, Number 5, Item 7. July 1998. Tyler, Tom R. and Cheryl J. Wakslak. (2004). Profiling and Police Legitimacy: Procedural Justice, Attributions of Motive, and Acceptance of Police Authority. Criminology, 42, 253-281. [Volume 7, Number 1, Item 4] Tyler, Tom R. and Robert J. Boeckmann. (1997) Three strikes and you are out, but why? The psychology of public support for punishing rule breakers. Law and Society Review, 31, 237-265. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 5. January 1998. Tyler, Tom R. Public Trust and Confidence in Legal Authorities: What do Majority and Minority Group Members want from the Law and Legal Institutions? Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 2001, 19, 215-235. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 1. December 2001 Tyler, Tom R., Stephen Schulhofer, and Aziz Z. Hug (2010). Legitimacy and Deterrence Effects in Counterterrorism Policing: A study of Muslim Americans. Law & Society Review, 44(2), 365-401. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 1] Uggen, Christopher and Jeff Manza (2002). Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review, 67, 777-803. [Volume 5, Number 5, Item 1]

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Uggen, Christopher and Melissa Thompson (2003). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Ill-Gotten Gains: Within-Person Changes in Drug Use and Illegal Earnings. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 146-185. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 6] Uggen, Christopher and Sarah K. S. Shannon (2014). Productive Addicts and Harm Reduction: How Work Reduces Crime – But Not Drug Use. Social Problems 61(1), 105-130. Volume 14, Number 4, Item 4] Uggen, Christopher, Mike Vuolo, Sarah Lageson, Ebony Ruhland, and Hilary K. Whitham. (2014). The Edge of Stigma: An Experimental Audit of the Effects of Low-Level Criminal Records on Employment. Criminology, 52(4), 627-654. [Volume 15, Number 1, Item 7] Uggen, Christopher. Work as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Criminals: A Duration Model of Age, Employment, and Recidivism. American Journal of Sociology, 2000, 67, 529-547. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 6. September 2001. Ulmer, Jeffery, Michael T. Light, and John Kramer (2011). The “Liberation” of Federal Judges’ Discretion in the Wake of the Booker/Fanfan Decision: Is There Increased Disparity and Divergence between Courts?” Justice Quarterly, 28(6), 799-837. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 6] Ulmer, Jeffrey T. (2001). Intermediate Sanctions: A Comparative Analysis of the Probability and Severity of Recidivism. Sociological Inquiry, 71, 164-193. Volume 5, Number 4, Item 3, March 2003. Ulmer, Jeffrey, Megan C. Kurlychek, and John H. Kramer. (2007). Prosecutorial Discretion and the Imposition of Mandatory Minimum Sentences. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 44(4), 427- 458. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 2] Useem, Bert and Jack A. Goldstone (2002). Forging Social Order and its Breakdown: Riot and Reform in U.S. Prisons. American Sociological Review, 67, 499-525. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 4, December 2002 Useem, Bert and Michael D. Reisig. Collective action in prisons: Protests, disturbances, and riots. Criminology, 1999, 37(4), 735-759. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 2. March 2000. Van de Rakt, Marike, Joseph Murray, and Paul Nieuwbeerta (2012). The Long-Term Effects of Paternal Imprisonment on Criminal Trajectories of Children. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49(1), 81-108. [Volume 13, Number 1, Item 7] Van Gelder, Jean-Louis, Margit Averdijk, Denis Ribeaud, and Manuel Eisner (2020). Sanctions, short-term mindsets, and delinquency: Reverse causality in a sample of high school youth. Law & Criminological Psychology, 25, 199-218. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 7] van Koppen, M. Vere, Christianne J. de Poot, Edward R. Kleemans, and Paul Nieuwbeerta (2010). Criminal Trajectories in Organized Crime. British Journal of Criminology, 50, 102-123. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 8] Vander Ven, Thomas M., Francis T. Cullen, Mark A. Carrozza, and John Paul Wright. Home Alone: The Impact of Maternal Employment on Delinquency. Social Problems, 2001, 48, 236-257. Volume 4, Number 4, Item 5. December 2001. Varese, Federico (2006). How Mafias Migrate: The Case of the ‘Ndrangheta in Northern Italy. Law & Society Review, 40 (2), 411-444. Volume 8, Number 1, Item 3, June 2006. Varese, Federico (2012). How Mafias Take Advantage of Globalization: The Russian Mafia in Italy. British Journal of Criminology, 52, 235-253. [Volume 13, Number 2, Item 7]

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Vargas, Robert (2014). Criminal Group Embeddedness and the Adverse Effects of Arresting a Gang’s Leader: A Comparative Case Study. Criminology, 52(2) 143-168. [Volume 14, Number 5, Item 1] Vélez, María B., Christopher J. Lyons, and Wayne A. Santoro (2015). The Political Context of the Percent Black-Neighborhood Violence Link: A Multilevel Analysis. Social Problems, 62, 93-119. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 2] Vélez, María B.; Lauren J. Krivo and Ruth D. Peterson (2003). Structural Inequality and Homicide: An Assessment of the Black-White Gap in Killings. Criminology, 41, 645-671. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 2] Verbruggen, Janna, Robert Apel, Victor R. Van Der Geest, and Arjan A. J. Blokland (2015). Work, Income Support, and Crime in the Dutch Welfare State: A Longitudinal Study Following Vulnerable Youth into Adulthood. Criminology, 52(4), 545-570. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 4] Visher, Christy A. and Jeremy Travis (2003). Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 89-113. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 1; October 2003] Visher, Christy A., Adele Harrell, Lisa Newmark, and Jennifer Yahner (2008). Reducing Intimate Partner Violence: An Evaluation of a Comprehensive Justice System-Community Collaboration. Criminology and Public Policy, 7(4), 495-423. [Volume 10, Number 3, Item 3] Vitiello, Michael (1997). Three strikes: Can we return to rationality? The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 87 (2), 395-481. Volume 1, Number 2, Item 5. November 1997. Voight, Rob and 8 others (June 20, 2017). Language from Police Body Camera Footage Shows Racial Disparities in Officer Respect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(25), 6521-6526 + supplementary material [Volume 16, Number 6, Item 2] Von Hofer, Hanns (2003). Prison Populations as Political Constructs. The Case of Finland, Holland and Sweden. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 4, 21-38. [Volume 6, Number 1, Item 7; October 2003] Waddington, P.A. J., Kevin Stenson and David Don (2004) In Proportion: Race, and Police Stop and Search. British Journal of Criminology, 44, 889-914. Volume 7, Number 2, Item 2. March 2005. Walker, Hill M., Kate Kavanagh, Bruce Stiller, Annemieke Golly, Herbert H. Severson, and Edward G. Reil. First step to success: An early intervention approach for preventing school antisocial behaviour. Journal of Emotional and Behavioural Disorders, 1998 (Summer), 6 (2) 66-80. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 7. June 1999. Wallace, D. Brian and Saul M. Kassin (2011). Harmless Error Analysis: How Do Judges Respond to Confession Errors? Law and Human Behaviour, 36 (2), 151-157. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 7] Ward, Jeffrey T., Marvin D. Krohn, and Chris L. Gibson (2014). The Effects of Police Contact on Trajectories of Violence: A Group-Based, Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(3), 440-475. [Volume 15, Number 4, Item 8] Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Caroline Spiranovic, Helen Cockburn, and Arie Freiberg (2017). Measuring Jurors’ Views on Sentencing: Results from the Second Australian Jury Sentencing Study. Punishment & Society, 19(2), 180-202. [Volume 16, Number 5, Item 3] Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Caroline Spiranovic, Helen Cockburn, and Arie Freiberg (2019). Why Sentence? Comparing the Views of Jurors, Judges and the Legislature on the Purposes of Sentencing in Victoria, Australia. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 19(1), 26-44. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 3]

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Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Maggie Walter, and Caroline Spiranovic (2014). Are Judges Out of Touch? Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 25, 729-743. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 4] Warner, Kate, Julia Davis, Maggie Walter, Rebecca Bradfield, and Rachel Vermey (2011). Public Judgement on Sentencing: Final Results from the Tasmanian Jury Sentencing Study. Australian Institute of Criminology: Trends & Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 407. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 2] Warr, Mark. (2005) Making Delinquent Friends: Adult Supervision and Children’s Affiliations. Criminology, 43(1), 77-105. [Volume 7, Number 4, Item 5] Weatherburn, Don (2010). The Effect of Prison on Adult Re-Offending. Crime and Justice Bulletin (New South Wales, Bureau of Crime, Statistics, and Research) Number 143. Lulham, Rohan, Don Weatherburn, and Lorana Bartels (2009). The Recidivism of Offenders Given Suspended Sentences: A Comparison with Full-Time Imprisonment. Crime and Justice Bulletin, Number 136. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 4] Weatherburn, Don (2016). “Rack ‘em, Pack ‘em and Stack ‘em”: Decarceration in an Age of Zero Tolerance. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 28(2), 137-156. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 3] Weatherburn, Don; Jackie Fitzgerald and Jiuzhao Hua (2003). Reducing Aboriginal Over- Representation in Prison. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 62 (3), 65-73. [Volume 6, Number 3, March 2004, Item 4] Weaver, Vesla M. and Amy E. Lerman (2010). Political Consequences of the Carceral State. American Political Science Review 104(4), 1-17. [Volume 14, Number 4, Item 1] Webster, Cheryl Marie and Anthony N. Doob (2014). Penal Reform ‘Canadian Style’: Fiscal Responsibility and Decarceration in Alberta, Canada. Punishment & Society, 16(1), 3-31. [Volume 14, Number 3, Item 6] Webster, Cheryl Marie and Anthony N. Doob (2019). Missed Opportunities: A Postmortem on Canada’s Experience with the Conditional Sentence. Law and Contemporary Problems, 82(1), 163-197. [Volume 18, Number 5, Item 7] Webster, Cheryl Marie, Anthony N. Doob, and Nicole M. Myers (2009). The Parable of Ms. Baker: Understanding Pre-trial Detention in Canada. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 21(1), 79-102. [Volume 11, Number 1, Item 6] Webster, Cheryl Marie, Jane B. Sprott, and Anthony N. Doob (2019). The Will to Change: Lessons from Canada’s Successful Decarceration of Youth. Law & Society Review, 53(4), 1092-1131. [Volume 18, Number 3, Item 2] Weerman, Frank M., Paul Harland, and Peter H. van der Laan (2007). Misbehaviour at School and Delinquency Elsewhere. Criminal Justice Review, 32(4), 358-379. [Volume 9, Number 4, Item 3]. Weisburd, David, Alese Wooditch, Sarit Weisburd, and Sue-Ming Yang (2015). Do Stop, Question, and Frisk Practices Deter Crime? Criminology & Public Policy, 15(1), 31-56. Apel, Robert (2015). On the Deterrent Effect of Stop, Question and Frisk. Criminology & Public Policy, 15(1), 57-66. [Volume 15, Number 6, Item 3] Weisburd, David, Badi Hasini, Efrat Shoham, Gali Aviv, and Noam Haviv (2017). Reinforcing the Impacts of Work Release on Prisoner Recidivism: The Importance of Integrative Interventions. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 13, 241-264. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 2] Weisz, Arlene N, Richard M. Tolman, and Daniel G. Saunders. Assessing the risk of severe domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2000, 15¸ 75-90. Volume 3, Number 2, Item 7. May 2000.

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Wells, Gary L., Nancy K. Steblay, and Jennifer E. Dysart (2015). Double-Blind Photo Lineups Using Actual Eyewitnesses: An Experimental Test of a Sequential Versus Simultaneous Lineup Procedure. Law and Human Behavior, 39(1), 1-14. [Volume 15, Number 2, Item 5] Wells, William and Julie Horney (2002). Weapon Effects and Individual Intent to Do Harm: Influences on the Escalation of Violence. Criminology, 40, 265-296. Volume 5, Number 2, Item 6, October 2002. Welsh, Brandon C. and Michael Rocque (2014). When Crime Prevention Harms: A Review of Systematic Review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10, 245-266. [Volume 15, Number 5, Item 5] Welsh, Brandon C., Meghan E. Peel, David P. Farrington, Henk Elffers, and Anthony A. Braga (2011). Research Design Influence on Study Outcomes in Crime and Justice: A Partial Replication with Public Area Surveillance. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7, 183-198. [Volume 12, Number 2, Item 2] Welsh, Brandon, David P. Farrington, and B. Raffan Gowar (2015). Benefit-Cost Analysis of Crime Prevention Programs. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, (Michael Tonry, ed.), 44, 447-516. University of Chicago Press. [Volume 16, Number 2, Item 2] Welsh, Wayne N. 2001. Effects of Student and School Factors on Five Measures of School Disorder. Justice Quarterly 18: 911-947. Volume 4, Number 5, Item 5. March 2002. Wemmers, Jo-Anne M. Victim notification and public support for the criminal justice system. International Review of Victimology, 1999, 6, 167-178. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 4. March 2000. Wermink, Hilde, Arjan Blokland, Paul Nieuwbeerta, Daniel Nagin, and Nikolaj Tollenaar (2010). Comparing the Effects of Community Service and Short-Term Imprisonment on Recidivism: A Matched Samples Approach. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6, 325-349. [Volume 11, Number 5, Item 2] Western, Bruce (2002). The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality. American Sociological Review, 67, 526-546. Volume 5, Number 3, Item 7, December 2002 Western, Bruce and Catherine Sirois (2019). Racialized Re-entry: Labour Market Inequality After Incarceration. Social Forces 97(4), 1517-1542. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 2] Wheeler, Andrew P. and Tomislav V. Kovandzic (2018). Monitoring Volatile Homicide Trends Across U.S. Cities. Homicide Studies, 22, 119-144. [Volume 17, Number 3, Item 4] Widdowson, Alex O., Sonja E. Siennick, and Carter Hay (2016). The Implications of Arrest for College Enrollment: An Analysis of Long-Term Effects and Mediating Mechanisms. Criminology, 54(4), 621-652. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 5] Wildeman, Christopher (2010). Paternal Incarceration and Children’s Physically Aggressive Behaviours: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Social Forces, 89(1), 285- 310. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 7] Wildeman, Christopher (2014). Parental Incarceration, Child Homelessness, and the Invisible Consequences of Mass Imprisonment. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 651, 74-96. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 1] Wildeman, Christopher and Signe Hald Andersen (2017). Paternal incarceration and children’s risk of being charged by early adulthood: Evidence from a Danish policy shock. Criminology, 55(1), 32-58. [Volume 16, Number 4, Item 8]

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Wildeman, Christopher, Jason Schnittker, and Kristin Turney (2012). Despair by Association? The Mental Health of Mothers with Children by Recently Incarcerated Fathers. American Sociological Review, 77(2), 216-243. [Volume 12, Number 6, Item 8] Wiley, Stephanie Ann, Lee Ann Slocum, and Finn-Aage Esbensen (2013). The Unintended Consequences of Being Stopped or Arrested: An Exploration of the Labeling Mechanisms Through Which Police Contact Leads to Subsequent Delinquency. Criminology 51(4) 927-966. Volume 14, Number 4, Item 5] Wilsem, Johan Van, Karin Wittebrood, and Nan Dirk De Graff (2006). Socioeconomic Dynamics of Neighbourhoods and the Risk of Crime Victimization: A Multilevel Study of Improving, Declining, and Stable Areas of the Netherlands. Social Problems, 53 (2), 226-247. [Volume 8, Number 2, Item 4. August 2006] Wilson, David B., Ajima Olaghere, and Charlotte Gill (2016). Juvenile Curfew Effects on Criminal Behaviour and Victimization: A Campbell Collaboration Systematic Review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 12, 167-186. [Volume 16, Number 3, Item 5] Wilson, James A. and Robert C. Davis (2006). Good Intentions Meet Hard Realities: An Evaluation of the Project Greenlight Reentry Program. Criminology and Public Policy, 5 (2), 303-338. See also www.vera.org “Smoothing the Path from Prison to Home: A Roundtable Discussion of the Lessons of Project Greenlight.” [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 4, December 2007] Wilson, Robin J., Franca Cortoni, and Andrew J. McWhinnie (2009) Circles of Support and Accountability: A Canadian National Replication of Outcome Findings. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treament, 21 (4), 412-430. [Volume 11, Number 2, Item 6] Wilson, Robin J., Janice E. Picheca, and Michelle Prinzo. (2007) Evaluating the Effectiveness of Professionally-Facilitated Volunteerism in the Community-Based Management of High-Risk Sexual Offenders: Part Two – A Comparison of Recidivism Rates. The Howard Journal, 46 (4), 327-337. [Volume 9, Number 3, Item 6] Winner, Lawrence, Lonn Lanza-Kaduce, Donna M. Bishop, and Charles E. Frazier. The transfer of juveniles to criminal court: Reexamining recidivism over the long term. (October 1997) Crime and Delinquency, 43, 548-563. Volume 1, Number 3, Item 2. January 1998. Winslow, Emily B. and Daniel S. Shaw (2007). Impact of Neighbourhood Disadvantage on Overt Behaviour Problems During Early Childhood. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 207-219. [Volume 9, Number 6, Item 6] Wodahl, Eric J., Brett E. Garland, and Kimberly Schweitzer (2020). Are Jail Sanctions More Punitive than Community-Based Punishments? An Examination into the Perceived Severity of Alternative Sanctions in Community Supervision. Criminal Justice Policy Review 31(5), 696-720. [Volume 19, Number 1, Item 6] Wood, Peter B. and David C. May (2003). Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Severity of Sanctions: A Comparison of Prison with Alternatives. Justice Quarterly, 20(3), 605-631. [Volume 6, Number 2, December 2003, Item 3] Woodward, Lianne J. and David M. Fergusson. Childhood and adolescent predictors of physical assault: A prospective longitudinal study. Criminology, 2000, 38, 233-261. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 6. July 2000. Worrall, John L and Tomislav V. Kovandzic (2007). Cops grants and crime revisited. Criminology, 45(1), 159-190. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 6, July 2007)

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Worrall, John L. Addicted to the Drug War: The Role of Civil Asset Forfeiture as a Budgetary Necessity in Contemporary Law Enforcement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 2001, 29, 171-187. Volume 4, Number 3, Item 3. September 2001. Wortley, Scot and Julian Tanner (2006). Immigration, Social Disadvantage, and Urban Youth Gangs: Results of a Toronto-Area Survey. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 15(2), Supplement, 18-31. (Volume 8, Number 6, Item 3, July 2007) Wortley, Scot. Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system -- a Toronto study. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1996, 439-467. Weitzer, Ronald and Steven A. Tuch. Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by police. Crime and Delinquency, 1999, 45, 494-507. Volume 3, Number 1, Item 3. March 2000. Wright, Bradley R.Entner, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Richard A. Miech, and Phil A. Silva. Reconsidering the relationship between SES and delinquency: Causation but not correlation. Criminology, 1999, 37 (1), 175-194. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 4. June 1999. Wright, D. and Mays, L. (1998). Correctional boot camps, attitudes, and recidivism: The Oklahoma experience. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 28, 71-87. Volume 2, Number 4, Item 1. June 1999. Wright, Emily M. and Abigail A. Fagan (2013). The Cycle of Violence in Context: Exploring the moderating Roles of Neighbourhood Disadvantage and Cultural Norms. Criminology, 51(2), 217-249. [Volume 14, Number 1, Item 5] Wright, John Paul, and Francis T. Cullen (2004). Employment, Peers, and Life-Course Transitions. Justice Quarterly, 21, 183-201. [Volume 6, Number 4, June 2004, Item 5] Xie, Min and Eric P. Baumer (2018). Reassessing the Breadth of the Protective Benefit of Immigrant Neighbourhoods: A Multilevel Analysis of Violent Risk by Race, Ethnicity, and Labour Market Stratification. Criminology, 56(2), 302-332. [Volume 17, Number 5, Item 4] Xie, Min and James P. Lynch (2017). The Effects of Arrest, Reporting to the Police, and Victim Services on Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(3), 338-378. [Volume 17, Number 1, Item 4] Xie, Min, Janet L. Lauritsen, and Karen Heimer (2012). Intimate Partner Violence in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: The Contextual Influences of Police and Social Services. Criminology, 50 (4), 961- 992. [Volume 13, Number 3, Item 8] Young, Jacob T. N. and Frank M. Weerman (2013). Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends’ Delinquent Behaviour and Mechanisms of Social Influence. Social Problems 60(3), 334-356. [Volume 14, Number 2, Item 4] Young, Warren, Yvette Tinsley, and Neil Cameron. The effectiveness and efficiency of jury decision- making. Criminal Law Journal, 2000, 24, 89-100. Volume 3, Number 3, Item 8. July 2000. Zandbergen, Paul A., Jill S. Levenson, and Timothy C. Hart (2010). Residential Proximity to Schools and Daycares: An Empirical Analysis of Sex Offense Recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(5), 482-502. [Volume 11, Number 4, Item 7] Zanella, Lesley and 4 others (2020). The Effects of Race and Criminal History on Landlords’ (Un)willingness to Rent to Exonerees. Law and Human Behavior, 44(4), 300-310. [Volume 18, Number 6, Item 8] Zimmerman, Gregory M. and Steven F. Messner. (2010) Neighbourhood Context and the Gender Gap in Adolescent Violent Crime. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 958-980. [Volume 11, Number 6, Item 8]

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Zimring, Franklin E. American Youth Violence (New York: Oxford, 1998). Chapter 3: A youth violence epidemic: Myth or reality? Chapter 4: The case of the terrifying toddlers. (pages 31-65). Volume 2, Number 4, Item 8. June 1999. Zimring, Franklin E. (2020) Firearms and Violence in American Life: 50 Years Later. Cook, Philip J. Thinking About Gun Violence. Criminology & Public Policy 19, 1359-1369;1371-1393. [Volume 19, Number 2, Item 1] Zimring, Franklin E. and David T. Johnson (2006). Public Opinion and the Governance of Punishment in Democratic Political Systems. Annals, AAPSS, 605, 266-280. [Volume 10, Number 1, Item 3] Zimring, Franklin E., Alex R. Piquero, and Wesley G. Jennings (2007). Sexual Delinquency in Racine: Does Early Sex Offending Predict Later Sex Offending in Youth and Young Adulthood. Criminology and Public Policy, 6(3), 507-534. [Volume 9, Number 2, Item 5, December 2007]