Identification of New Viruses Specific to the Honey Bee Mite Varroa Destructor
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Virus Research Frameshifting RNA Pseudoknots
Virus Research 139 (2009) 193–208 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virus Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/virusres Frameshifting RNA pseudoknots: Structure and mechanism David P. Giedroc a,∗, Peter V. Cornish b,∗∗ a Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA b Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA article info abstract Article history: Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is one of the multiple translational recoding processes that Available online 25 July 2008 fundamentally alters triplet decoding of the messenger RNA by the elongating ribosome. The ability of the ribosome to change translational reading frames in the −1 direction (−1 PRF) is employed by many Keywords: positive strand RNA viruses, including economically important plant viruses and many human pathogens, Pseudoknot such as retroviruses, e.g., HIV-1, and coronaviruses, e.g., the causative agent of severe acute respiratory Ribosomal recoding syndrome (SARS), in order to properly express their genomes. −1 PRF is programmed by a bipartite signal Frameshifting embedded in the mRNA and includes a heptanucleotide “slip site” over which the paused ribosome “backs Translational regulation HIV-1 up” by one nucleotide, and a downstream stimulatory element, either an RNA pseudoknot or a very stable Luteovirus RNA stem–loop. These two elements are separated by six to eight nucleotides, a distance that places the NMR solution structure 5 edge of the downstream stimulatory element in direct contact with the mRNA entry channel of the Cryo-electron microscopy 30S ribosomal subunit. The precise mechanism by which the downstream RNA stimulates −1 PRF by the translocating ribosome remains unclear. -
The Role of F-Box Proteins During Viral Infection
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4030-4049; doi:10.3390/ijms14024030 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review The Role of F-Box Proteins during Viral Infection Régis Lopes Correa 1, Fernanda Prieto Bruckner 2, Renan de Souza Cascardo 1,2 and Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini 2,* 1 Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-970, Brazil; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.L.C.); [email protected] (R.S.C.) 2 Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-31-3899-2955; Fax: +55-31-3899-2864. Received: 23 October 2012; in revised form: 14 December 2012 / Accepted: 17 January 2013 / Published: 18 February 2013 Abstract: The F-box domain is a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein–protein interactions. The F-box protein is one of the four components of the SCF (SKp1, Cullin, F-box protein) complex, which mediates ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the proteasome, playing an essential role in many cellular processes. Several discoveries have been made on the use of the ubiquitin–proteasome system by viruses of several families to complete their infection cycle. On the other hand, F-box proteins can be used in the defense response by the host. This review describes the role of F-box proteins and the use of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in virus–host interactions. -
Characterization and Genome Organization of New Luteoviruses and Nanoviruses Infecting Cool Season Food Legumes
Adane Abraham (Autor) Characterization and Genome Organization of New Luteoviruses and Nanoviruses Infecting Cool Season Food Legumes https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/publications/2549 Copyright: Cuvillier Verlag, Inhaberin Annette Jentzsch-Cuvillier, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany Telefon: +49 (0)551 54724-0, E-Mail: [email protected], Website: https://cuvillier.de CHAPTER 1 General Introduction Viruses and virus diseases of cool season food legumes Legume crops play a major role worldwide as source of human food, feed and also in crop rotation. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), collectively re- ferred to as cool season food legumes (Summerfield et al. 1988) are of particular importance in developing countries of Asia, North and Northeast Africa where they provide a cheap source of seed protein for the predominantly poor population. Diseases including those caused by viruses are among the main constraints reducing their yield. Bos et al. (1988) listed some 44 viruses as naturally infecting faba bean, chickpea, field pea and lentil worldwide. Since then, a number of new viruses were described from these crops including Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (Katul et al. 1993) and Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) (Horn et al. 1993), which are widespread and economically important. Most of the viruses of cool season food legumes are known to naturally infect more than one host within this group of crops (Bos et al. 1988, Brunt et al. 1996 and Makkouk et al. 2003a). Virus symptoms in cool season food legumes vary depending on the virus or its strain, host species or cultivar and the prevailing environmental conditions. -
Evidence for and Against Deformed Wing Virus Spillover from Honey Bees to Bumble Bees: a Reverse Genetic Analysis Olesya N
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evidence for and against deformed wing virus spillover from honey bees to bumble bees: a reverse genetic analysis Olesya N. Gusachenko1*, Luke Woodford1, Katharin Balbirnie‑Cumming1, Eugene V. Ryabov2 & David J. Evans1* Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a persistent pathogen of European honey bees and the major contributor to overwintering colony losses. The prevalence of DWV in honey bees has led to signifcant concerns about spillover of the virus to other pollinating species. Bumble bees are both a major group of wild and commercially‑reared pollinators. Several studies have reported pathogen spillover of DWV from honey bees to bumble bees, but evidence of a sustained viral infection characterized by virus replication and accumulation has yet to be demonstrated. Here we investigate the infectivity and transmission of DWV in bumble bees using the buf-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris as a model. We apply a reverse genetics approach combined with controlled laboratory conditions to detect and monitor DWV infection. A novel reverse genetics system for three representative DWV variants, including the two master variants of DWV—type A and B—was used. Our results directly confrm DWV replication in bumble bees but also demonstrate striking resistance to infection by certain transmission routes. Bumble bees may support DWV replication but it is not clear how infection could occur under natural environmental conditions. Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a widely established pathogen of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera. In synergistic action with its vector—the parasitic mite Varroa destructor—it has had a devastating impact on the health of honey bee colonies globally1,2. -
Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera
fmicb-11-00943 May 27, 2020 Time: 14:39 # 1 REVIEW published: 28 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943 Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera Orlando Yañez1,2*, Niels Piot3, Anne Dalmon4, Joachim R. de Miranda5, Panuwan Chantawannakul6,7, Delphine Panziera8,9, Esmaeil Amiri10,11, Guy Smagghe3, Declan Schroeder12,13 and Nor Chejanovsky14* 1 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France, 5 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 6 Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 8 General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, 9 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, 10 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States, 11 Department Edited by: of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States, 12 Department of Veterinary Akio Adachi, Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States, -
Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera
fmicb-11-00943 May 27, 2020 Time: 14:39 # 1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) REVIEW published: 28 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943 Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera Orlando Yañez1,2*, Niels Piot3, Anne Dalmon4, Joachim R. de Miranda5, Panuwan Chantawannakul6,7, Delphine Panziera8,9, Esmaeil Amiri10,11, Guy Smagghe3, Declan Schroeder12,13 and Nor Chejanovsky14* 1 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France, 5 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 6 Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 8 General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, 9 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, 10 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States, 11 Department Edited by: of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States, 12 Department -
(Zanthoxylum Armatum) by Virome Analysis
viruses Article Discovery of Four Novel Viruses Associated with Flower Yellowing Disease of Green Sichuan Pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) by Virome Analysis 1,2, , 1,2, 1,2 1,2 3 3 Mengji Cao * y , Song Zhang y, Min Li , Yingjie Liu , Peng Dong , Shanrong Li , Mi Kuang 3, Ruhui Li 4 and Yan Zhou 1,2,* 1 National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China 2 Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 3 Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China 4 USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA * Correspondences: [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 17 June 2019; Accepted: 28 July 2019; Published: 31 July 2019 Abstract: An emerging virus-like flower yellowing disease (FYD) of green Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum v. novemfolius) has been recently reported. Four new RNA viruses were discovered in the FYD-affected plant by the virome analysis using high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome and small RNAs. The complete genomes were determined, and based on the sequence and phylogenetic analysis, they are considered to be new members of the genera Nepovirus (Secoviridae), Idaeovirus (unassigned), Enamovirus (Luteoviridae), and Nucleorhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae), respectively. Therefore, the tentative names corresponding to these viruses are green Sichuan pepper-nepovirus (GSPNeV), -idaeovirus (GSPIV), -enamovirus (GSPEV), and -nucleorhabdovirus (GSPNuV). The viral population analysis showed that GSPNeV and GSPIV were dominant in the virome. The small RNA profiles of these viruses are in accordance with the typical virus-plant interaction model for Arabidopsis thaliana. -
FIG. 1 O Γ Fiber
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date Χ ft i ft 22 September 2011 (22.09.2011) 2011/116189 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agents: KOLOM, Melissa E. et al; LEYDIG, VOIT & A61K 39/235 (2006.01) A61K 39/385 (2006.01) MAYER, LTD., Two Prudential Plaza, Suite 4900, 180 N. Stetson Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601-673 1 (US). (21) International Application Number: PCT/US201 1/028815 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (22) International Filing Date: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, 17 March 201 1 (17.03.201 1) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (25) Filing Language: English DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (26) Publication Language: English KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (30) Priority Data: ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, 61/3 14,847 17 March 2010 (17.03.2010) NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, 61/373,704 13 August 2010 (13.08.2010) SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): COR¬ NELL UNIVERSITY [US/US]; Cornell Center for (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Technology Enterprise and Commercialization kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (("CCTEC"), 395 Pine Tree Road, Suite 310, Ithaca, New GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, York 14850 (US). -
Virus Prevalence and Genetic Diversity Across a Wild Bumblebee Community
fmicb-12-650747 April 16, 2021 Time: 19:12 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650747 Virus Prevalence and Genetic Diversity Across a Wild Bumblebee Community David J. Pascall1,2*, Matthew C. Tinsley3, Bethany L. Clark4,5, Darren J. Obbard6 and Lena Wilfert2,7* 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, United Kingdom, 3 Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom, 4 BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 5 Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall, United Kingdom, 6 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 7 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany Edited by: Akio Adachi, Viruses are key population regulators, but we have limited knowledge of the diversity Kansai Medical University, Japan and ecology of viruses. This is even the case in wild host populations that provide Reviewed by: ecosystem services, where small fitness effects may have major ecological impacts Scott McArt, Cornell University, United States in aggregate. One such group of hosts are the bumblebees, which have a major Michelle Flenniken, role in the pollination of food crops and have suffered population declines and Montana State University, range contractions in recent decades. In this study, we investigate the diversity of United States four recently discovered bumblebee viruses (Mayfield virus 1, Mayfield virus 2, River *Correspondence: David J. Pascall Liunaeg virus, and Loch Morlich virus), and two previously known viruses that infect [email protected] both wild bumblebees and managed honeybees (Acute bee paralysis virus and Slow Lena Wilfert [email protected] bee paralysis virus) from isolates in Scotland. -
The Spread and Evolution of RNA Viruses Among Honey Bees and the Wider Insect Community with Particular Emphasis on Deformed Wing Virus (DWV)
The spread and evolution of RNA viruses among honey bees and the wider insect community with particular emphasis on Deformed wing virus (DWV). Laura Emily BRETTELL Ph.D. Thesis 2017 School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 5 General Introduction........................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: A comparison of Deformed wing virus in deformed and asymptomatic honey bees. ..... 5 Chapter 2: Oldest Varroa tolerant honey bee population provides insight into the origins of the global decline of honey bees. ............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4: Moku virus; a new Iflavirus found in wasps, honey bees and Varroa. ............................. 8 Chapter 5: Common apiary pests as a potential source of honey bee – associated viruses in a Hawaiian apiary environment. ............................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: A comparison -
Characterization of Coffee Ringspot Virus-Lavras: a Model for an Emerging Threat to Coffee Production and Quality
Virology 464-465 (2014) 385–396 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Characterization of Coffee ringspot virus-Lavras: A model for an emerging threat to coffee production and quality T.O. Ramalho b, A.R. Figueira b, A.J. Sotero b, R. Wang a, P.S. Geraldino Duarte b, M. Farman a, M.M. Goodin a,n a Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA b Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brasil article info abstract Article history: The emergence of viruses in Coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora), the most widely traded Received 16 June 2014 agricultural commodity in the world, is of critical concern. The RNA1 (6552 nt) of Coffee ringspot virus is Returned to author for revisions organized into five open reading frames (ORFs) capable of encoding the viral nucleocapsid (ORF1p), 24 June 2014 phosphoprotein (ORF2p), putative cell-to-cell movement protein (ORF3p), matrix protein (ORF4p) and Accepted 19 July 2014 glycoprotein (ORF5p). Each ORF is separated by a conserved intergenic junction. RNA2 (5945 nt), which completes the bipartite genome, encodes a single protein (ORF6p) with homology to RNA-dependent Keywords: RNA polymerases. Phylogenetic analysis of L protein sequences firmly establishes CoRSV as a member of Dichorhavirus the recently proposed Dichorhavirus genus. Predictive algorithms, in planta protein expression, and a Rhabdovirus yeast-based nuclear import assay were used to determine the nucleophillic character of five CoRSV Protein localization proteins. Finally, the temperature-dependent ability of CoRSV to establish systemic infections in an Climate change fi Negative-strand RNA virus initially local lesion host was quanti ed. -
Evidence to Support Safe Return to Clinical Practice by Oral Health Professionals in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Repo
Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. November 2020 update This evidence synthesis was prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, based on a comprehensive review under contract by the following: Paul Allison, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Raphael Freitas de Souza, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Lilian Aboud, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Martin Morris, Library, McGill University November 30th, 2020 1 Contents Page Introduction 3 Project goal and specific objectives 3 Methods used to identify and include relevant literature 4 Report structure 5 Summary of update report 5 Report results a) Which patients are at greater risk of the consequences of COVID-19 and so 7 consideration should be given to delaying elective in-person oral health care? b) What are the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 that oral health professionals 9 should screen for prior to providing in-person health care? c) What evidence exists to support patient scheduling, waiting and other non- treatment management measures for in-person oral health care? 10 d) What evidence exists to support the use of various forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) while providing in-person oral health care? 13 e) What evidence exists to support the decontamination and re-use of PPE? 15 f) What evidence exists concerning the provision of aerosol-generating 16 procedures (AGP) as part of in-person