DOCSLIB.ORG

Sorption Mechanism of Mercuric Ions by Kerateine Gels of Thiol-Type*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sorption Mechanism of Mercuric Ions by Kerateine Gels of Thiol-Type* (49) Vol. 34, No. 9 (1978) T-405 (Received August 22, 1977) SORPTION MECHANISM OF MERCURIC IONS BY KERATEINE GELS OF THIOL-TYPE* By Takeaki Miyamoto, Hiraku Ito, Masao Sugitani, and Hiroshi Inagaki (Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji/Kyoto 611) Abstract Sorption behavior of Hg2+ by the kerateine gel of thiol-type, which was prepared from wool keratin, was investigated. The behavior was discussed in relation to (i) the amphoteric nature, (ii) the chemical modification of side-chain polar groups, and (iii) the heat denaturation of kerateine gels. It was found that the apparent isoelectric point of the kerateine gel was closely related to the pH at which the Hg 2+ uptake showed the minimum. The Hg 2+ uptakes by modified kerateine gels in acid media depended on their modification history. The results indicated that in acid media, the dominant binding modes of Hg 2+ consist in chemosorption by the thiol as well as amino groups in the kerateine gel and in chelation of Hg2+ through these groups. On the other hand, in neutral and alkaline media, very high Hg2+ uptakes were observed for all types of kerateine gels independent of their modifica tion history. Such high Hg" uptakes could be explained in terms of the cooperative interactions between electron negative atoms incorporated in the kerateine gel, namely, sulphur, nitrogen, and oxygen rather than the ionization effect of the acidic groups present. The swelling volume of the heat-denatured kerateine gels decreased considerably with increasing the treatment temperature, and a good relation was found between the rate of Hg2+ uptake and swelling volume of the gel: the rate of Hg2+ uptake decreased with decrease in the swelling volume. In addition, it is well known that polypeptides INTRODUCTION such as wool kerateine are easy to undergo differ In a previous paper we have reported on the ent types of denaturation.4-6 Especially, heat chemical processings of waste wool fiber to denaturation is accompanied by a decrease in the prepare solid gel-particles (kerateine gels), and solubility. Such solubility change of kerateine their basic characteristics as adsorbent for mercuric molecules7 will affect its sorption behavior of ions.1 The kerateine gels are prepared from soluble Hg2+ The sorption mechanism of Hg2+ to the proteins extracted from wool, and contain a large kerateine gel is a complex matter and has not yet proportion of active thiol groups, which may play been fully understood. an important role in the Hg2+ uptake, especially The present study was intended to investigate in acid media. following three effects on the sorption behavior of Wool kerateine consists of various polypeptides Hg2+ by the kerateine gel of thiol type: (i) Effect which contain not only thiol but also amino, of the amphoteric nature of kerateine gels, (ii) carboxyl, hydroxyl and disulphide groups, 2,3 and Effect of the chemical modification of side-chain the amphoteric nature of kerateine results in the polar groups, and (iii) Effect of the physical different sorption mechanism of Hg` for different modification such as "heat denaturation" pH-region.1 This means that contributions of these EXPERIMENTAL side-chain groups will be involved more or less in the Hg2+ binding, depending on the pH of solution. Materials * Interaction of Wool Kerateine and its Derivatives The kerateine gels of thiol-type were prepared with Heavy Metal Ions (Part II) in the same way as reported previously.1 In Table 1 Part I, this Journal, 34, T-16 (1978) are listed some characteristics of the sample gels T-406 SEN-1 GAKKAI SHI(報 文) (50) Table 1. Characteristics of Kerateine Gels out using a Hitachi Automatic Amino Acid Ana lyser Type KLA-5 (Hitachi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Tokyo). Table 2 shows the amino acid composi tions of the kerateine gel of thiol-type, WG-T and collagen together with that of native wool. Determination of thiol content a) Each sample (50 mg) was shaken for 1 hr. The thiol content (SH-content) was determined in HgCI2 aqueous solution (25 ml) having by the method of Friedman and Noma.8 The pH 3.5 and 200 ppm of Hg2+ details of experimental conditions has been de used for the present study. Collagen (Bovine scribed before.1 Achilles Tendon) and polyglycine, purchased from Analysis of mercuric ion uptake Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A., were The uptake of Hg2+ exhibited by the kerateine used as model polypeptides to be compared with gel was determined with a Shimadzu atomic kerateine gels. absorption spectrometer Model AA-61OS (Shima All chemicals were of laboratory grade quality, dzu Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Kyoto). The details of and they were used without further purification. the determination procedure has been described Standard solution of HgCl2 with a known concen before.1 Experimental conditions specific to the tration of 1000 ppm was obtained from Nakarai present study were as follows: 50 mg of the gel Chemical Co., Ltd., Kyoto. The solutions with was shaken in 75 ml of a buffered aqueous solution lower concentrations were prepared by diluting of HgCl2 with a concentration of 200 ppm at 20•Ž the standard solution appropriately with distilled for lhr. For this purpose Clark-Lubs' buffer water or Clark-Lubs' buffer solution. solutions were used. Unless otherwise stated, the Amino acid analysis values of the Hg2+ uptakes given in this paper are The polypeptides were hydrolysed in 6N HC1 those found under the aforementioned condition. under vacuum for 24 hr at 110•Ž. The HCI was Chemical modification of side-chain polar groups removed by freeze-drying. Analyses were carried Acetylation was carried out by immersing the Table 2. Amino Acid Compositions of Kerateine Gel, Native Wool and Collagen.a a) Values given in moles per 100 moles of amino acids . (51) Vol. 34, No. 9 (1978) T-407 kerateine gel in acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid with trace quantities of sulphuric acid and dimethylaniline.9 Esterification and deamination were carried out by treating the kerateine gel with methanolie-HCI and with sodium nitrate and glacial acetic acid, respectively.10 The modified kerateine gels were then washed with water and ethanol, and dried under vacuum. Heat treatment of kerateine gels A known weight of kerateine gel was immersed in O2-free water at different temperature for 1 hr. The gels were then filtered, and dried under vacuum and reweighed. No weight decrease was found for the kerateine gels thus denatured by Fig. 1 pH variations of solution medium with this treatment. time for kerateine gel (WG-T2) in the Determination of swelling volume and water-regain absence of HgC12. 1g of the gel was placed in a 2.0 ml cylinder (readable to 0.01 ml) to which I ml of water was added, and then the cylinder was gently tapped. The volume of swollen gel was thus measured at different time according to a procedure employed by Marhol and Cheng.11 The water-regain of the gels was determined as follows: 1 g of the gel was allowed to stand in water at 20•Ž for 1 hr. The gel was then filtered and lightly pressed between filter papers to remove surface moisture. The swollen gel was weighed, and dried under vacuum and reweighed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 2 pH variations of solution medium with Effects of amphoteric nature of kerateine gels time for kerateine gel (WG-T2) in the Hg2+ sorption behavior of the kerateine gel in presence of HgCl2. acid media is very complex, as mentioned in our previous paper.' This problem will be dealt with higher than about 3.6 showed a steep decrease in this section on the basis of the amphoteric similar to that in the absence of HgC12. However, nature of kerateine gels . the decrease was followed by a slower decrease The pH of aqueous HgC12 solution medium was which continued up to about 60 min., as seen in changed with time by adding the gel , unless Figure 2. When the initial pH was below 3.6, the buffered.1 Such pH variation will be conditioned pH variation exhibited a maximum. It is obvious by two factors, namely the initial pH of solution that the slowly decreasing region appeared due to medium and the presence of HgCl2 . Figure 1 the uptake process of Hg2+ by the kerateine gel. shows typical pH variations with time for a kera The time dependence of pH variation in this region teine gel, WG-T2 , in the absence of HgC12. The pH is in parallel to that of the Hg 2+ uptake by the values either decreased or increased depending on kerateine gel; the equilibrium uptake was attained the initial pH value (due to the amphoteric nature after 60 min., although a slight increase in the of kerateine gels) uptake was further recognized.1 , but approached their proper equilibrium values after 20 min . In Figure-3 are shown plots of the initial and On the other hand, the pH variation in the equilibrium pH observed for WG-T2 gel in the presence of HgCI2 within an initial pH range absence and presence of HgC12. In the absence of T-408 SEN-I GAKKAISHI(報 文) (52) with increase in the number of protons present in the medium. Effects of side-chain polar groups on Hg 2+ sorption behavior It has been pointed out that active thiol groups contained in the kerateine gel play an important role in the Hg2+ uptake, particularly in acid media.1 However, the kerateine gel contains not only thiol but also amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and disulphide groups, and it may be expected that these polar groups will contribute more or less to the Hg2+ uptake.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wound Classification
    Wound Classification Presented by Dr. Karen Zulkowski, D.N.S., RN Montana State University Welcome! Thank you for joining this webinar about how to assess and measure a wound. 2 A Little About Myself… • Associate professor at Montana State University • Executive editor of the Journal of the World Council of Enterstomal Therapists (JWCET) and WCET International Ostomy Guidelines (2014) • Editorial board member of Ostomy Wound Management and Advances in Skin and Wound Care • Legal consultant • Former NPUAP board member 3 Today We Will Talk About • How to assess a wound • How to measure a wound Please make a note of your questions. Your Quality Improvement (QI) Specialists will follow up with you after this webinar to address them. 4 Assessing and Measuring Wounds • You completed a skin assessment and found a wound. • Now you need to determine what type of wound you found. • If it is a pressure ulcer, you need to determine the stage. 5 Assessing and Measuring Wounds This is important because— • Each type of wound has a different etiology. • Treatment may be very different. However— • Not all wounds are clear cut. • The cause may be multifactoral. 6 Types of Wounds • Vascular (arterial, venous, and mixed) • Neuropathic (diabetic) • Moisture-associated dermatitis • Skin tear • Pressure ulcer 7 Mixed Etiologies Many wounds have mixed etiologies. • There may be both venous and arterial insufficiency. • There may be diabetes and pressure characteristics. 8 Moisture-Associated Skin Damage • Also called perineal dermatitis, diaper rash, incontinence-associated dermatitis (often confused with pressure ulcers) • An inflammation of the skin in the perineal area, on and between the buttocks, into the skin folds, and down the inner thighs • Scaling of the skin with papule and vesicle formation: – These may open, with “weeping” of the skin, which exacerbates skin damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications
    molecules Review Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications Sahar Salehi 1, Kim Koeck 1 and Thomas Scheibel 1,2,3,4,5,* 1 Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (K.K.) 2 The Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 3 The Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 4 The Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 5 Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0-921-55-6700 Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 6 February 2020; Published: 8 February 2020 Abstract: Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Whale Tendon Ligature
    The Whale Tendon Ligature. By T. Ishiguko, M. D. Chief Surgeon of the- Imperial Japanese Army. The ligatures formerly in use iu tying vessels of the human body, were of different kinds to those of the present day. Silk and hemp ligatures were at one time applied by surgeons to such purpose, but as both had the defect of act- ing as foreign bodies in the animal oponomy, they were superseded by ligatures made of thin strips of leather. In support of the use of the leather, it was thought that ligatures of that materia would be decomposed by the heat aud moisture of the body, and that they would finally become absorbed; but numerous trials convinced those favorable to the use of leather ligatures that the idea was a fallacy : for leather, it was found, was far from being easily dissolved, and besides, it was very apt to break off at the time of its application. Dr. Lister’s ligature (cat-gut), though of comparatively recent origin, is held in such high estimation, that it is now almost exclusively used for tying vessels, or applying the suture to the viscera. It was in the year 1874 that I first saw its practical application in the operating theatre of the College, by Dr. Schultz, Instructor of Surgery to the Imperial Medical College, Tokio, which was possibly the first introduction and utilization of Lister’s ligature in Japan. My whale tendon ligature was invented a few years after. I first conceived the idea upon seeing, in the country, a whale tendon bow-string used in whip- ping cotton.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report 1978-0095-0596
    l U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCA,TION, AND WELFARE I .. CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL . l NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. AND HEAI,.TH · , i- < ' ·: CINCINNATI, OHIO 45226 \ ,.~ .\ ·( t\~}~\''- . HEALTH HAz~ EVALUATION DETERMINATION ';~ '\\.;"'. ,;} REPORT NO. 78-95-596 JONAS BROTHERS TAXIDERMY CO. DENVER, COLORADO MAY 1979 I I. TQXICITY DETERMINATION I It has been determined on the basis of intertiews of employees and environmental breathing zone air samples taken on July 5-7, 1978, medical evaluations and biological tests performed August 1-4, 1978, and biological tests performed November 5-7, 1978, that the workers at Jonas Brothers Taxidermy Co., Denv·er, Colorado , have been exposed to a potential health hazard. This was determined in that on Augus.t I 1-4, 1978, sixty-seven percent of the.w.orkers had elevated hair · . ars~nic levels as compared to ·a ·maximum of only one control with a questionable, borderline hair arsenic level. \ Depending on the normal level used, urinacy ·phenol levels w~re elevat.ed. Using the· NIOSR normal value, 45% of the worker · group had an elevated I urinary phenol as compared to 13% of the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between .the groups by the Student t-test. These hair arsenic tests indicate. an increased exposure \ to arsenic. The urinary tests indicate ele~ated exposures to phenol and show the need for improvement of environment exposure and work \ practices. Workers were exposed to the carcinogens asbestos and arsenic and also I to a suspect carcinogen tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). Long term health effects although not evident at this time cannot be completely discounted .
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Tendon Rehabilitation Dr Paul Mason FACSEP MBBS (Hons) Bachelor of Physiotherapy Masters of Occupational Health
    A guide to tendon rehabilitation Dr Paul Mason FACSEP MBBS (Hons) Bachelor of Physiotherapy Masters of Occupational Health What is a tendon, and how do overuse injuries occur? A tendon is the ‘rope’ that connects muscles to bones. It is mainly made up of a protein called collagen. Tendons transfer the force that muscles produce to our skeleton allowing us to move. Overuse injuries to tendons occur when the micro trauma or damage that occurs to tendons with loading (frequently through exercise) exceeds the repair ability of the body. This may occur due to excess force, insufficient recovery time, or other factors such as metabolic derangements that may be seen in conditions like diabetes. Do I need a scan? Not every tendon injury needs a scan, even in elite athletes. Typical symptoms of a tendon injury are pain that, in the early stages, improves as you continue to exercise, with a marked increase in your pain the following day. If your symptoms behave like this, and your health professional is confident in the diagnosis, imaging may be unnecessary. Ultrasound scanning is often unreliable, with findings of tendon problems that don’t exist frequently reported. If you obtain an ultrasound, it should be from a sonographer with specific expertise in musculoskeletal ultrasound. MRI scans can provide some information on a tendon, and also other structures surrounding the tendon which can be useful when the diagnosis is uncertain. Tendons are largely invisible on x-rays and CT scans, and in general, they will not provide any useful information. How can exercise make my tendon stronger? When we contract a muscle connected to a tendon with enough force, the tendon will stretch slightly.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterlyspring 2000 Volume 49 Number 2
    AWI QuarterlySpring 2000 Volume 49 Number 2 ABOUT THE COVER For 25 years, the tiger (Panthera tigris) has been on Appendix I of the Conven- tion on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), but an illegal trade in tiger skins and bones (which are used in traditional Chinese medicines) persists. Roughly 5,000 to 7,000 tigers have survived to the new millennium. Without heightened vigilance to stop habitat destruction, poaching and illegal commercialization of tiger parts in consuming countries across the globe, the tiger may be lost forever. Tiger Photos: Robin Hamilton/EIA AWI QuarterlySpring 2000 Volume 49 Number 2 CITES 2000 The Future of Wildlife In a New Millennium The Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 11) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) will take place in Nairobi, Kenya from April 10 – 20, 2000. Delegates from 150 nations will convene to decide the fate of myriad species across the globe, from American spotted turtles to Zimbabwean elephants. They will also examine ways in which the Treaty can best prevent overexploitation due to international trade by discussing issues such as the trade in bears, bushmeat, rhinos, seahorses and tigers. Adam M. Roberts and Ben White will represent the Animal Welfare Institute at the meeting and will work on a variety of issues of importance to the Institute and its members. Pages 8–13 of this issue of the AWI Quarterly, written by Adam M. Roberts (unless noted otherwise), outline our perspectives on a few of the vital issues for consideration at the CITES meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Osteotomy in Flatfoot Reconstruction
    Cotton OsteotomyYes in Flatfoot Reconstruction: a Retrospective Review of Consecutive Cases Troy Boffeli DPM, FACFAS, DPM, Katherine Schnell, DPM Regions Hospital / HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research - Saint Paul, MN STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Figure 1. Preop and Postop Meary’s Angle Measurement Table 1. Results (N=37 Feet) RESULTS The Cotton osteotomy or opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy is a useful adjunctive Thirty-two patients (37 feet) were included in the present study (10 males and 22 females). No flatfoot reconstructive procedure that is commonly performed but rarely reported which is in part Mean Age (yrs) 42 (9–77) patient was excluded and all cases were consecutive. The average age was 42 (range 9 to 77). Meary’s angle was due to the adjunctive nature of the procedure. The Cotton procedure is relatively quick to assessed on (a) Gender (M:F) 10M:22F Fixation was used in 16/37(43%) feet. Threaded 0.062” k-wires were used in 12 cases and plate perform and is intended to correct forefoot varus deformity after rearfoot fusion or osteotomy to Preop preoperative and (b) 10 fixation was used in 4 cases. The average follow-up was 18 months (range 2.5 to 96 months). All achieve a rectus forefoot to rearfoot relationship. Proper patient selection is critical since but one patient demonstrated clinical and radiographic healing at the 10 week postoperative visit. week postoperative Laterality (R:L) 13R:24L preoperative findings of medial column joint instability, concomitant hallux valgus deformity, or Mearys line improved in all feet, with an average change of -17.2° pre-operatively to 0.5° post- DJD of the medial column may be better treated with arthrodesis of the naviculocuneiform or first weight bearing lateral Mean Preop Meary’s Angle (°) -17.24 (-35 to -7) operatively (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis Sativa) Hurd Into Non-Toxic Microfibres
    materials Article Enrichment of Cellulosic Waste Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Hurd into Non-Toxic Microfibres Reinu E. Abraham 1, Cynthia S. Wong 2 and Munish Puri 1,3,* 1 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia; [email protected] 2 Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; [email protected] 3 Bioprocessing Laboratory, CCB, Deakin University, Geelong3217, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-3-52272325 Academic Editor: Jalel Labidi Received: 5 May 2016; Accepted: 5 July 2016; Published: 11 July 2016 Abstract: In this study a largely available lignocellulose feedstock hemp (Cannabis sativa), obtained as an industrial waste, was used for cellulose extraction. The extraction of cellulose microfibres from hemp biomass was conducted by alkaline treatment and an acidification process. The extracted cellulose microfibres were characterised using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The viability of the study was determined by growing human fibroblasts on the preparation which resulted in being non-toxic; indicating its potential in preparing biological scaffolds. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose microfibre using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei, a maximum of 909 mg/g of reducing sugars were obtained, which endorses its suitability for biofuel production. Keywords: alkaline treatment; cellulose; human fibroblasts; scaffolds; valuables 1. Introduction Lignocellulose is available abundantly as agricultural and industrial waste, feedstock, and woody biomass. The complexity in its structure is due to the cross-linkage of different components such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide
    Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide STAGE I STAGE IV Intact skin with non-blanchable Full thickness tissue loss with exposed redness of a localized area usually Reddened area bone, tendon, or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts Epidermis over a bony prominence. Darkly Epidermis pigmented skin may not have of the wound bed. Often includes undermining and tunneling. The depth visible blanching; its color may Dermis of a stage IV pressure ulcer varies by Dermis differ from the surrounding area. anatomical location. The bridge of the This area may be painful, firm, soft, nose, ear, occiput, and malleolus do not warmer, or cooler as compared to have subcutaneous tissue and these adjacent tissue. Stage I may be Adipose tissue ulcers can be shallow. Stage IV ulcers Adipose tissue difficult to detect in individuals with can extend into muscle and/or Muscle dark skin tones. May indicate "at supporting structures (e.g., fascia, Muscle risk" persons (a heralding sign of Bone tendon, or joint capsule) making risk). osteomyelitis possible. Exposed bone/ Bone tendon is visible or directly palpable. STAGE II DEEP TISSUE INJURY Partial thickness loss of dermis Blister Purple or maroon localized area of Reddened area presenting as a shallow open ulcer discolored intact skin or blood-filled Epidermis with a red pink wound bed, without Epidermis blister due to damage of underlying soft slough. May also present as an tissue from pressure and/or shear. The intact or open/ruptured serum-filled Dermis area may be preceded by tissue that is Dermis blister.
    [Show full text]
  • Hospitals for War-Wounded
    hospitals_war_cover_april2003 9.6.2005 13:47 Page 1 ICRC HOSPITALS FOR WAR-WOUNDED HOSPITALS FORHOSPITALS WAR-WOUNDED This book is intended for anyone who is faced A practical guide for setting up with the task of setting up or running a hospital and running a surgical hospital which admits war-wounded. It is a practical guide in an area of armed conflict based on the experience of four nurses who have managed independent hospitals set up by the International Committee of the Red Cross. It addresses specific problems associated with setting up a hospital in a difficult and potentially dangerous environment. It provides a framework for the administration of such a hospital. It also describes a system for managing the patients from admission to discharge and includes guidelines on how to manage an influx of wounded. These guidelines represent a realistic and achievable standard of care whatever the circumstances. A practical guide 0714/002 05/2005 1000 HOSPITALS FOR WAR-WOUNDED International Committee of the Red Cross 19 Avenue de la Paix 1202 Geneva, Switzerland T +41 22 734 6001 F +41 22 733 2057 E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org # ICRC, April 2005, revised and updated edition This book is dedicated to the memory of Jo´n Karlsson (died in Afghanistan, 22 April 1992) Fernanda Calado Hans Elkerbout Ingebjørg Foss Nancy Malloy Gunnhild Myklebust Sheryl Thayer (died in Chechnya, 17 December 1996) HOSPITALS FOR WAR-WOUNDED A practical guide for setting up and running a surgical hospital in an area of armed conflict Jenny Hayward-Karlsson Sue Jeffery Ann Kerr Holger Schmidt INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS ISBN 2-88145-094-6 # International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1998 WEB address: http://www.icrc.org CONTENTS vii CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges
    materials Review Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges Megane Beldjilali-Labro 1,†, Alejandro Garcia Garcia 1,†, Firas Farhat 1,† ID , Fahmi Bedoui 2, Jean-François Grosset 1, Murielle Dufresne 1 and Cécile Legallais 1,* ID 1 CNRS, UMR 7338, Biomécanique-Bioingénierie, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60200 Compiègne, France; [email protected] (M.B.-L.); [email protected] (A.G.G.); fi[email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (J.-F.G.); [email protected] (M.D.) 2 CNRS FRE 2012, Laboratoire Roberval, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60200 Compiègne, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 31 May 2018; Accepted: 25 June 2018; Published: 29 June 2018 Abstract: Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells’ seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. They can also be employed to perform advanced in vitro studies to model the cell differentiation or regeneration processes. In this review, we report and analyze the different solutions proposed in literature, for the reconstruction of tendon, muscle, and the myotendinous junction. They classically rely on the three pillars of tissue engineering, i.e., cells, biomaterials and environment (both chemical and physical stimuli). We have chosen to present biomimetic or bioinspired strategies based on understanding of the native tissue structure/functions/properties of the tissue of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of Human Palmaris Longus Tendon
    Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.43.3.477 on 1 June 1984. Downloaded from Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1984, 43, 477-482 Morphology of human palmaris longus tendon S. P. NICHOLLS, L. J. GATHERCOLE, AND J. S. SHAH From the H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University ofBristol SUMMARY A systematic morphological investigation of human palmaris longus tendons by polar- isation microscopy and low angle x-ray diffraction is reported. It is shown that contrary to some previously reported observations, and in common with other tension bearing soft collagenous tissues, the fibres in this tendon are crimped. A new method of preparation of the tissue enabling one to see directly the crimped organisation in scanning electron microscopy was used to reinforce the findings by other methods. Tendons and ligaments consist largely of collagen fibres organised in an essentially parallel array along the long axis of the tendon. These fibres, however, show undulations along their length which have periodicities of l1u-lu0.tm depending on the type of tissues and species. According to the earlier writers' 2 the undulations in the tendons and other tissues were copyright. thouLght to be due to helical twisting ofthe constituent fibres. Later morphological investigations3 have, how- ever, established that the undulations in the fibres of a large number of tissues in different species (includ- ing humans) are not helical in nature but represent features called crimps, which are zigzag ribbon-like http://ard.bmj.com/ waveforms with crimp-like apices (Fig. 1). The Fig. 1 Schematic diagram ofa crimp showing crimp angle 6 crimps are shown to be of considerable importance in and crimp segment length 1.
    [Show full text]