DOCSLIB.ORG

Science for the Nation Also by Peter J.T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Science for the Nation Also by Peter J.T. Morris: POLYMER PIONEERS: A Popular History of the Science and Technology of Large Molecules (1986) With Colin A. Russell, ARCHIVES OF THE BRITISH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 1750–1914 (1988) THE AMERICAN SYNTHETIC RUBBER RESEARCH PROGRAM (1989) Edited with H.L. Roberts and W.A. Campbell, MILESTONES IN 150 YEARS OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY (1991) Edited with Susan T.I.Mossman, THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTICS (1994) Edited with Anthony S Travis, Harm G Schröter and Ernst Homburg, DETERMINANTS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, 1900–1939: New Technologies, Political Frameworks, Markets and Companies (1998) With Otto Theodor Benfey, ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD: Architect and Artist in the World of Molecules (2001) Edited, FROM CLASSICAL TO MODERN CHEMISTRY: The Instrumental Revolution (2002) Edited with Klaus Staubermann, ILLUMINATING INSTRUMENTS (2009) Science for the Nation Perspectives on the History of the Science Museum Edited by Peter J.T. Morris Principal Curator and Head of Research, Science Museum, London, UK © NMSI 2010 Foreword © Simon Schaffer 2010 All images courtesy of Science Museum/Science and Society Picture Library unless otherwise stated. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-23009-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-31119-4 ISBN 978-0-230-28314-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230283145 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Science for the nation : perspectives on the history of the Science Museum / edited by Peter J.T. Morris. p. cm. Summary: “A engaging history of the British Science Museum, produced to mark the centenary of its separation from the Victoria & Albert Museum in 1909. Rather than simply a narrative history, it uses the key themes of the Science Museum’s evolution to explore major issues and tensions common to the development of all science and technology museums” – Provided by publisher. 1. Science Museum (Great Britain) – History. 2. Science and state – Great Britain – London – History. I. Morris, Peter John Turnbull. Q105.G7S36 2010 507.4Ј42134—dc22 2010002705 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Transferred to Digital Printing in 2012 Dedicated to all Museum staff, past, present and future Contents List of Tables ix List of Illustrations x List of Graphs xii List of Plates xiii Acknowledgements xiv Foreword xv Simon Schaffer Notes on Contributors xvii Note on Sources and Conventions xx Introduction 1 Peter J.T. Morris 1 Infected by the Bacillus of Science: The Explosion of South Kensington 11 Robert Bud 2 The First Years: The Science Museum at War and Peace 41 Tom Scheinfeldt 3 The Science Museum and the Second World War 61 Thad Parsons III 4 Ambition and Anxiety: The Science Museum, 1950–1983 90 Scott Anthony 5 Parallax Error? A Participant’s Account of the Science Museum, c.1980–c.2000 111 Timothy Boon 6 Waves of Change: How the Science Museum’s Library Rose, Fell and Rose Again 136 Nicholas Wyatt 7 ‘A Worthy and Suitable House’: The Science Museum Buildings and the Temporality of Space 157 David Rooney vii viii Contents 8 Exhibiting Science: Changing Conceptions of Science Museum Display 176 Andrew Nahum 9 Beyond the Children’s Gallery: The Influence of Children on the Development of the Science Museum 210 Anna Bunney 10 ‘An Effective Organ of Public Enlightenment’: The Role of Temporary Exhibitions in the Science Museum 228 Peter J.T. Morris 11 Collecting for the Science Museum: Constructing the Collections, the Culture and the Institution 266 Robert Bud 12 Behind the Scenes: Housing the Collections 289 John Liffen 13 The International Context and the Context of Internationalism 310 Tom Scheinfeldt Afterword A Speech made at the Dinner to Celebrate the Centenary of the Science Museum on 11 June 2009 by Professor Chris Rapley CBE, Director of the Science Museum 328 Appendix 1 Temporary (Special) Exhibitions, 1912–1983 333 Peter J.T. Morris and Eduard von Fischer Appendix 2 Table of Senior Staff at the Science Museum, 1893–2000 340 Appendix 3 Visitor Figures for the Science Museum, 1909–2008 345 Index 349 Tables 3.1 ARP Categories 63 10.1 Number of temporary exhibitions by period 230 10.2 Number of temporary exhibitions by type 231 10.3 Types of institutions associated with temporary exhibitions 231 10.4 Exhibitions covered in this chapter 232 ix Illustrations 0.1 Temporary exhibition on aeronautics, 1912 7 1.1 Cartoon of the ‘gas monster’, c. 1890 13 1.2 Sir Norman Lockyer, c.1909 18 1.3 Map of South Kensington, west side, in the 1880s 20 1.4 Model of a pumping engine, 1876 21 1.5 Sir Robert Morant, 1902 29 1.6 View of the Science Museum from Exhibition Road, c.1905 33 1.7 Copy of a merkhet and bay, 1913 35 2.1 The East Block under construction, 1916 42 2.2 HM King George V leaving the Science Museum, 1928 45 2.3 Colonel Sir Henry George Lyons c.1930s 49 3.1 Aerial view of the Science Museum, 1939 65 3.2 The ‘Aircraft in Peace and War’ exhibition, 1940 69 3.3 Rolls Royce Merlin engine mark III, c.1940 70 3.4 V2 rocket arriving at Wroughton, c.1982 85 4.1 Floor Plan of the Science Museum, 1959 92 4.2 A child in the Children’s Gallery, 1963 95 4.3 Doctor Who (played by Jon Pertwee) and the Daleks, 1972 99 4.4 Interactive periodic table, 1964 101 4.5 Plan of the first floor of the Science Museum, early 1980s 102 4.6 Robotic tortoises displayed at the Festival of Britain, 1951 109 5.1 The Upper Wellcome Gallery, 1990s 114 5.2 ‘Making the Modern World’ Gallery, November 2000 127 5.3 ‘Digitopolis’, c.2000 128 5.4 Plan of the First Floor of the Science Museum in a visitor leaflet published in 2009 129 6.1 Science Library Reading Room, 1926 138 6.2 Samuel Clement Bradford, early 1930s 141 7.1 Plan of Science Museum site, 1914 160 7.2 Science Museum special exhibition gallery, 1928 161 7.3 ‘Electric Illumination’ exhibition in the entrance hall, 1936 162 7.4 Photograph of entrance to the ‘Exhibition of Science’, 1950 165 7.5 William Thomas O’Dea, 1966 166 8.1 The East Hall in the 1950s 177 8.2 The Agriculture Gallery, 1951 181 8.3 The new Aeronautics Gallery, 1963 184 8.4 The Telecommunications Gallery, 1983 187 8.5 Long view of ‘Making the Modern World’, 2000 190 9.1 General view of the Children’s Gallery, 1931 213 9.2 Schoolboys in the Children’s Gallery, c.1931 214 x Illustrations xi 9.3 Advertisements in the 1938 guide to the Children’s gallery 218 9.4 Schoolgirls in the Children’s Gallery, 1951 219 9.5 Dioramas of ‘Early Man’ and ‘Primitive Man’, 1949 220 10.1 ‘Noise Abatement’ exhibition, 1935 233 10.2 ‘Television’ exhibition, 1937 236 10.3 ‘Chemical Progress’ exhibition, 1947 241 10.4 Natural Gas exhibition, 1971 251 10.5 ‘Science and Technology of Islam’ exhibition, 1976 254 10.6 ‘Challenge of the Chip’ exhibition, 1980 258 11.1 The three foot theodolite made by Jesse Ramsden, 1792 276 11.2 John Ambrose Fleming’s original thermionic oscillation valves, c.1903 279 11.3 Medicine chest made for Vincenzo Giustiniani, c.1565 282 11.4 Two freeze dried male transgenic mice, 1988 285 12.1 Stores at Warren Row, 1953 299 12.2 Manual Attendants move an 1886 Edison dynamo, 1956 300 12.3 Science Museum’s Director and Keepers at Hayes, 1969 303 12.4 Cubestore mobile racking system at Hayes, 1973 305 12.5 Basement store of the Department of Engineering, 1984 307 13.1 Opening of the Deutsches Museum, 1925 313 13.2 Smithsonian Castle, ca. 1860 319 13.3 Ceremony transferring the Wright Flyer to the Smithsonian, 1948 322 A.1 Lord Mandelson the ‘Rocket’ locomotive, 2009 330 Graphs 6.1 Science Library reader numbers 1882–1938 140 11.1 Percentage of Non-Wellcome items in the Science Museum collections in 2008, by decade of acquisition 270 xii Plates 1 Martin Cortes, Breve compendio de la sphera y de la arte de navigar, 1551.
Recommended publications
  • IWM Digital Resource for Volunteers

    IWM Digital Resource for Volunteers

    IWM Digital Resource for Volunteers An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by: Linda Baker Shintaro Clanton Andrew Gregory Rachel Plante Project advisors: VJ Manzo Jianyu Liang June 23, 2016 This report represents the work of one or more WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. ABSTRACT The Interaction Volunteers at Imperial War Museums London engage with visitors in the exhibits and discuss about certain artifacts. The communication of information among the Interaction Volunteer team, however, has been inefficient as the system relied on paper resources. Our IQP team surveyed volunteers and conducted a focus group to gather input about layout and features for a potential digital resource which the Interaction Volunteers could use in management of artifactual content and digital forms. This information was then used to design a website utilizing a content management system in order to make the communication of information more simple and efficient for the Interaction Volunteer team. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our team would like to thank our advisors, Professors V.J. Manzo and Jianyu Liang, for their continued support and guidance in completing this project. We would especially like to thank Mr. Grant Rogers, Informal Learning and Engagement Manager at Imperial War Museums London, for sponsoring and providing insight for our project and for sharing his enthusiasm for the museum. In addition, we would like to extend our gratitude to the Learning and Engagement Department and Digital Design Department at Imperial War Museums London, for providing us the resources we needed to complete our project, and to the Volunteer Program at Imperial War Museums London for their advice and participation in our project.
  • The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: an International Perspective

    The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: an International Perspective

    The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective Peter Morris Abstract: How has chemistry been presented at the Science Museum, London, during the 20 th century? After an overview of the history of the Science Muse- um and its chemistry galleries, four galleries are considered in depth (1906, 1926, 1977, and 1999). The importance of the curators’ external constituency of chemists and chemical educators is emphasized. The image of chemistry at the Science Museum has concentrated on the general utility of chemistry and chemistry as a skilful craft. The presentation has been low-key rather than boosterist. A comparison is made with the chemistry galleries at the Deutsches Museum. Chemistry in the Deutsches Museum has put more emphasis on hands-on exhibits and the chemical industry. Science and technology museums have promoted chemistry in a quiet but successful way for many years, but their influence may have waned along with chemistry kits. Keywords : presentation of chemistry in museums, chemistry collections, chemistry galleries, Science Museum, Deutsches Museum . 1. Introduction Before we examine the image of chemistry that has been presented by the Science Museum during the 20th century, it is worth asking if science and technology museums have any influence on the public’s perception of chem- istry. While the impact of museums is inevitably less than, say, the mass me- dia, they do attract large audiences: the Science Museum had 1.2 million visi- tors in the 1930s, a peak of 4.2 million visitors in 1980 and 2.6 million visitors in 2004.
  • Imperial War Museum Annual Report and Accounts 2019-20

    Imperial War Museum Annual Report and Accounts 2019-20

    Imperial War Museum Annual Report and Accounts 2019-20 Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 9(8) Museums and Galleries Act 1992 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 7 October 2020 HC 782 © Crown copyright 2020 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at: www.gov.uk/official-documents. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] ISBN 978-1-5286-1861-8 CCS0320330174 10/20 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office 2 Contents Page Annual Report 1. Introduction 4 2. Strategic Objectives 5 3. Achievements and Performance 6 4. Plans for Future Periods 23 5. Financial Review 28 6. Staff Report 31 7. Environmental Sustainability Report 35 8. Reference and Administrative Details of the Charity, 42 the Trustees and Advisers 9. Remuneration Report 47 10. Statement of Trustees’ and Director-General’s Responsibilities 53 11. Governance Statement 54 The Certificate and Report of the Comptroller and Auditor 69 General to the Houses of Parliament Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities 73 The Statement of Financial Activities 74 Consolidated and Museum Balance Sheets 75 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 76 Notes to the financial statements 77 3 1.
  • Friends of the National Libraries: a Short History

    Friends of the National Libraries: a Short History

    Friends of the National Libraries: A Short History Saving the nation’s written and By Max Egremont printed heritage This history first appeared in a special edition of The Book Collector in Summer 2011, FNL’s eightieth year. The Trustees of Friends of the National Libraries are grateful to the publisher of The Book Collector for permission to reissue the article in its present, slightly amended, form. A Short History 1 HRH The Prince of Wales. © Hugo Burnand. 2 Friends of the National Libraries Friends of the National he Friends of the National Libraries began as a response to an emergency. From the start, the Friends were fortunate in their leadership. Sir Frederic Libraries has helped save TOn March 21 1931, the Times published a letter signed by a group of the great Kenyon was one of British Museum’s great directors and principal librarians, the nation’s written and and the good, headed by the name of Lord D’Abernon, the chairman of the Royal a classical and biblical scholar who made his name as a papyrologist and widened the printed history since Commission on National Museums and Galleries. The message was that there was appeal of the museum by introducing guide lecturers and picture postcards; he also had a need for an organisation similar to the National Art Collections Fund (now called literary credentials as the editor of the works of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 1931. FNL awards grants the Art Fund) but devoted to rare books and manuscripts. The reason for this The Honorary Treasurer Lord Riddell, a former associate of Lloyd George, came to national, regional was that sales of rare books and manuscripts from Britain to institutions and to from the world of politics and the press.
  • The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J

    The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J

    Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1.
  • Annual Review 2016/17

    Annual Review 2016/17

    Historic Royal Places – Spines Format A4 Portrait Spine Width 35mm Spine Height 297mm HRP Text 20pt (Tracked at +40) Palace Text 30pt (Tracked at -10) Icon 20mm Wide (0.5pt/0.25pt) Annual Review 2016/17 1 2 06 Welcome to another chapter in our story Contents 07 Our work is guided by four principles 08 Chairman’s Introduction 09 Chief Executive – a reflection 10 The Year of the Gardens 14 Guardianship 20 Showmanship 26 Discovery 32 Independence 38 Money matters 39 Visitor trends 40 Summarised financial statements 42 Trustees and Directors 44 Supporters 46 Acknowledgments Clockwise from top left: The White Tower, Tower of London; the West Front, Hampton Court Palace; the East Front, Kensington Palace; the South Front, Hillsborough Castle; Kew Palace; Banqueting House. 4 This year, the famous gardens of Hampton Court Palace took Guardianship: Welcome to centre stage. Already a huge attraction in their own right, this Our work is We exist for tomorrow, not just for yesterday. Our job is to give year the historic gardens burst into even more vibrant life. these palaces a future as valuable as their past. We know how another Prompted by the 300th anniversary of the birth of Lancelot guided by four precious they and their contents are, and we aim to conserve ‘Capability’ Brown, we created a spectacular programme of them to the standard they deserve: the best. chapter in exhibitions, events and activities. A highlight was the royal principles Discovery: opening of the Magic Garden; our playful and spectacular We explain the bigger picture, and then encourage people to our story 21st century contribution to 500 years of garden history.
  • O. Theodor Benfey (1925-)*

    O. Theodor Benfey (1925-)*

    O. Theodor Benfey (1925-)* (Left) At his Certificate of Appreciation lecture, August 21, 2016, ACS National Meeting, Philadelphia. Photograph courtesy J. I. Seeman. (Right) Front cover of the Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, combined issues 13 and 14, 1992-1993. Ted Benfey was born on October 31, 1925 in Berlin, Germany. He was sent to England in 1936 and was educated at the Watford Grammar School. His parents immigrated to the United States in 1938, but Ted stayed on in England with the Mendl family. He entered University College, London in 1942 and eventually graduated with a Ph.D. in 1947 (spending much of the war years in Aberystwyth, Wales) under the direction of C.K. Ingold. Ted’s other heritage from his England period was to become a Quaker, a group that welcomed him into its fellowship and with whom he has continued to be associated. Ted came to America as a post-doctoral Fellow with L.P. Hammett at Columbia University in 1947. He was appointed to the Chemistry Department at Haverford College, a Quaker institution, in 1948 and served there until 1955, when he spent a year on Sabbatical Leave with Frank Westheimer at Harvard University. Rather than pursue a career in research at a major university, Ted chose to teach at Earlham College, a small Quaker school in Richmond, Indiana. This allowed him to pursue what would become his real passions: teaching and the history of science, especially chemistry. He stayed at Earlham from 1956-1972. In 1973 he was appointed the Dana Professor of Chemistry and History of Science at Guilford College in Greensboro, North Carolina, another school with Quaker roots.
  • LONDON the DORCHESTER Two Day Itinerary: Old Favourites When It Comes to History, Culture and Architecture, Few Cities Can Compete with London

    LONDON the DORCHESTER Two Day Itinerary: Old Favourites When It Comes to History, Culture and Architecture, Few Cities Can Compete with London

    LONDON THE DORCHESTER Two day itinerary: Old Favourites When it comes to history, culture and architecture, few cities can compete with London. To look out across the Thames is to witness first-hand how effortlessly the city accommodates the modern while holding onto its past. Indeed, with an abundance of history to enjoy within its palaces and museums and stunning architecture to see across the city as a whole, exploring London with this one-day itinerary is an irresistible prospect for visitors and residents alike. Day One Start your day in London with a visit to Buckingham Palace, just 20 minutes’ walk from the hotel or 10 minutes by taxi. BUCKINGHAM PALACE T: 0303 123 7300 | London, SW1A 1AA Buckingham Palace is the 775-room official residence of the Royal Family. During the summer, visitors can take a tour of the State Rooms, the Royal Mews and the Queen’s Gallery, which displays the Royal Collection’s priceless artworks. Changing the Guard takes place every day at 11am in summer (every other day in winter) for those keen to witness some traditional British pageantry. Next, walk to Westminster Abbey, just 15 minutes away from the Palace. WESTMINSTER ABBEY T: 020 7222 5152 | 20 Dean’s Yard, London, SW1P 3PA With over 1,000 years of history, Westminster Abbey is another London icon. Inside its ancient stone walls, 17 monarchs have been laid to rest over the course of the centuries. Beyond its architectural and historical significance, the Abbey continues to be the site in which new monarchs are crowned, making it an integral part of London’s colourful biography.
  • Designs for Learning: Studying Science Museum Exhibits That Do More Than Entertain

    Designs for Learning: Studying Science Museum Exhibits That Do More Than Entertain

    Designs for Learning: Studying Science Museum Exhibits That Do More Than Entertain SUE ALLEN Exploratorium, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA Received 2 October 2003; revised 6 April 2004; accepted 7 April 2004 DOI 10.1002/sce.20016 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). ABSTRACT: Science museum staff face a constructivist dilemma as they design their public spaces: the exhibits should facilitate science learning, yet they also need to support a diverse visiting public in making their own personal choices about where to attend, what to do, and how to interpret their interactions. To be effective as teaching tools, exhibits need to be highly intrinsically motivating at every step of an interaction in order to sustain involvement by an audience who views their visit primarily as a leisure activity. Given these challenges, it is vital to support the design process with a strong program of research and evaluation. I give a personal perspective on one institution’s research and evaluation work over the last decade, focusing on four areas: immediate apprehendability, physical interactivity, conceptual coherence, and diversity of learners. C 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 88(Suppl. 1):S17–S33, 2004 INTRODUCTION: A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON A LEARNING DILEMMA In this article I present a personal perspective on a subset of museum learning environ- ments, specifically the exhibition space of hands-on science museums. This choice is based on my own experience of studying and working in such environments over the last decade at the Exploratorium, a well-known museum of “science, art, and human perception” in San Francisco.
  • YEAR 6: the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (6 Lessons)

    YEAR 6: the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (6 Lessons)

    YEAR 6: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (6 lessons) Contents Include: Cotton Production The Steam Engine Iron and Coal Canals Trains Suggested Teacher Resources: The Young Oxford History of Britain & Ireland, pages 286-320. Great Tales from English History by Robert Lacey, pages 327-378. The BBC website has some articles on the period, and clips from a recent documentary about the industrial revolution and a documentary about trains. This topic lends itself well to local history, eg. canals and Victorian train stations. Lesson 1. Introduction to the Industrial Revolution The key point for pupils to understand about the Industrial Revolution is that it had a transformative effect on the world. Through harnessing fossil fuels to power engines, factories and machines, the Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the way that human beings live. This single innovation gave birth to the modern world. It is a topic of particular interest to Britain, as it was in Britain that the key inventions of the industrial revolution were first created: the cotton mill, the steam engine, and the train. This lesson should introduce pupils to a broad overview of industrialisation, and some key concepts. See pages 128 of What Your Year 6 Child Needs to Know. Learning Objective Core Knowledge Activities for Learning Related Vocabulary Assessment Questions To begin to ‘Industrial Revolution’ describes Arrange a selection of eight different industrial What was the understand why the transition from a society inventions in order, and try to guess the revolution Industrial Revolution? the Industrial based on hand manufacturing date for each of them (resource 1). factory Revolution was and human or animal power, to a engine How does an industrial important to society based on machinery.
  • The British Museum Annual Reports and Accounts 2019

    The British Museum Annual Reports and Accounts 2019

    The British Museum REPORT AND ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2020 HC 432 The British Museum REPORT AND ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2020 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 9(8) of the Museums and Galleries Act 1992 Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed on 19 November 2020 HC 432 The British Museum Report and Accounts 2019-20 © The British Museum copyright 2020 The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as British Museum copyright and the document title specifed. Where third party material has been identifed, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected]. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/ofcial-documents. ISBN 978-1-5286-2095-6 CCS0320321972 11/20 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fbre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Ofce The British Museum Report and Accounts 2019-20 Contents Trustees’ and Accounting Ofcer’s Annual Report 3 Chairman’s Foreword 3 Structure, governance and management 4 Constitution and operating environment 4 Subsidiaries 4 Friends’ organisations 4 Strategic direction and performance against objectives 4 Collections and research 4 Audiences and Engagement 5 Investing
  • Winnick Family Foundation Completes $100,000 Grant to California Science Center’S Ecosystems Gallery

    Winnick Family Foundation Completes $100,000 Grant to California Science Center’S Ecosystems Gallery

    Winnick Family Foundation Completes $100,000 Grant to California Science Center’s Ecosystems Gallery The Foundation hopes that the interactive Ecosystems gallery will become an inspiration and model for eco-conscious urban development Los Angeles, CA - November 4, 2010 – The Winnick Family Foundation has completed a $100,000 grant to support the creation of the Ecosystems permanent exhibit gallery at the California Science Center at Exposition Park in Los Angeles. Within the new Ecosystems gallery, guests observe and explore an 188,000-gallon kelp tank teeming with marine life, a desert flash flood, and a special area dedicated to the rich urban ecology of Los Angeles. Adam Winnick, a member of the California Science Center Foundation Board of Trustees, said: “The Ecosystems gallery, which opened in March of this year, is a world-class facility for teaching children and the general public the interconnectedness of all air, water, land and life resources on this planet. We are pleased to be a part of the philanthropic community that supports this unique facility.” Stated Jeffrey Rudolph, President and Chief Executive of the California Science Center Foundation: “The early commitment of the Winnick family to help realize this new interactive gallery was key to our success in convincing others to support the Science Center’s exceptional learning experience. We have become one of the world’s leading science education venues with an astonishing 1.4 million visitors last year alone. With The Winnick Family Foundation support, we can confidently continue in our mission of stimulating curiosity and inspiring science learning among all who visit us.” Added Gary Winnick, Chairman and CEO of Pacific Capital Group: “Our hope is that the interactive Ecosystems gallery will become an inspiration and model for eco-conscious urban development.” About the Winnick Family Foundation The Winnick Family Foundation encourages project-specific programs but also selectively supports capital campaigns and unrestricted gifts to grantee organizations.