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“With Friends Like This, Who Needs Enemies?”
“With friends like this, who needs enemies?” POMPEIUS ’ ABANDONMENT OF HIS FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS There are well-known examples of Pompeius’ abandonment of his supporters: Marcus Tullius Cicero and Titus Annius Milo spring readily to mind. One could even include Pompeius’ one- time father-in-law Gaius Iulius Caesar among the number, I suppose. Theirs was a fairly spectacular falling out, leading to the final collapse of the ailing and civil-war-torn Roman republic. The bond between them, forged by the marriage of Caesar’s daughter Julia in 59 and maintained by a delicate and precarious support of each other in the first half of the 50s, was not broken by Julia’s death in childbirth in 54. Having no sons of his own, Caesar had named his son-in-law as principal heir in his will, and his name was not removed until five years later * on the outbreak of the civil war ( Passage 1 : Suet. Iul. 83.1-2), by which time Pompeius had manoeuvred himself – or had he perhaps been manoeuvred? – over to the side of the senatorial conservatives in his endless pursuit of their recognition and acceptance of him as the leading man in the state. The leitmotif of Pompeius’ manoeuvres throughout his career was an overriding concern for the personal political advantage of every move he made – what would best get him ahead in this pursuit of recognition. One of the things which shows this to good effect is his series of marriages – five of them in all. So I will begin my examination of Pompeius’ abandonment of connections, not with an obvious political supporter, but with his dealings with his first two wives, which had sad consequences for both of the ladies involved, as it turned out. -
SPEECH in DEFENCE of TITUS ANNIUS MILO Marcus Tullius Cicero
52 BC SPEECH IN DEFENCE OF TITUS ANNIUS MILO Marcus Tullius Cicero translated by Charles Duke Yonge, A.B. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 BC) - Rome’s greatest orator, philosopher, and rhetorician, he developed a style of speaking that was emulated for centuries thereafter. Cicero was influential in the development of Latin as more than just a utilitarian language. Speech in Defence of Titus Annius Milo (52 BC) - Milo, a candidate for consulship, and Clodius, a candidate for the praetorship, were in- volved in a streetfight in which Clodius was slain. Milo was tried for his murder. THE ARGUMENT Titus Annius Milo, often in the following speech called only Titus Annius, stood for the consulship while Clodius was a candidate for the praetorship, and daily quarrels took place in the streets between their armed retainers and gladiators. Milo, who was dictator of Lanuvium, his native place, was forced to go thither to appoint some priests, etc.; and Clodius, who had been to Africa, met him on his road. Milo was in his carriage with his wife, and was accompanied by a numerous retinue, among whom were some gladiators. Clodius was on horseback, with about thirty armed men. The followers of each began to fight, and when the tumult had become general, Clodius was slain, probably by Milo himself. The disturbances at Rome became so formidable that Pompey was created sole consul; and soon after he entered on his office, A.U.C. 702, Milo was brought to trial. This speech, however, though composed by Cicero, was not spoken, for he was so much alarmed by the violence of Clodius’s friends, that he did not dare to use the plain language he had proposed. -
Romans Had So Many Gods
KHS—History Knowledge Organiser—Half Term 2 - Roman Empire Key Dates: By the end of this Half Term I should know: 264 BC: First war with Carthage begins (There were Why Hannibal was so successful against much lager three that lasted for 118 years; they become known as and superior Roman armies. the Punic Wars). How the town of Pompeii disappeared under volcanic 254 - 191 BC: Life of Hannibal Barker. ash and was lost for 1500 years. 218—201 BC: Second Punic War. AD 79: Mount Vesuvius erupts and covers Pompeii. What life was like for a gladiator (e.g. celebrities who AD 79: A great fire wipes out huge parts of Rome. did not always fight to the death). AD 80: The colosseum in Rome is completed and the How advanced Roman society was compared with inaugural games are held for 100 days. our own and the technologies that they used. AD 312: Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity. Why Romans had so many gods. And why they were AD 410: The fall of Rome (Goths sack the city of Rome). important. AD 476: Roman empire ends. What Roman diets were like and foods that they ate. Key Terms Pliny the Younger: a Roman statesman who was nearby when the eruption took place and witnessed the event. Only eye witness account ever written. Pyroclastic flow: after some time the eruption column loses power and part of the column collapses to form a flow down the side of the mountain. Lanista: Trainer of Gladiators at Gladiatorial school. Aqueduct: A bridge designed to carry water long distances. -
Cicero a Study of Gamesmanship in the Late
CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History by Eugene H. Boyd FALL 2018 © 2018 Eugene H. Boyd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMAN SHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis by Eugene H. Boyd Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. __________________________________, Second Reader Jeffrey Brodd, PhD. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Eugene H. Boyd I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Jeffrey Wilson, PhD Date Department of History iv Abstract of CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC by Eugene H. Boyd Roman politics during the final decades of the Late Republic was a vicious process of gamesmanship wherein lives of people, their families and friends were at the mercy of the gamesmen. Cicero’s public and political gamesmanship reflects the politics, class and ethnic biases of Roman society and how random events impacted personal insecurities. ______________________ _, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. ____________________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The process of obtaining a Master’s degree, I have found, is not an independent, isolated experience. Citing a contemporary adage, “It takes a village.” Truer words have never by spoken. To that end, I would like to recognize in the most warmly and thankful manner, the people in my “village” who helped me through the graduate study program and eventual master’s degree. -
Pro Milone: the Purposes of Cicero’S Published Defense Of
PRO MILONE: THE PURPOSES OF CICERO’S PUBLISHED DEFENSE OF T. ANNIUS MILO by ROBERT CHRISTIAN RUTLEDGE (Under the Direction of James C. Anderson, Jr.) ABSTRACT This thesis explores the trial of T. Annius Milo for the murder of P. Clodius Pulcher, which occurred in Rome in 52 BC, and the events leading up to it, as well as Marcus Tullius Cicero’s defense of Milo and his later published version of that defense. The thesis examines the purposes for Cicero’s publication of the speech because Cicero failed to acquit his client, and yet still published his defense. Before specifically examining Cicero’s goals for his publication, this thesis considers relationships between the parties involved in the trial, as well as the conflicting accounts of the murder; it then observes the volatile events and novel procedure surrounding the trial; and it also surveys the unusual topographic setting of the trial. Finally, this thesis considers the differences between the published speech and the speech delivered at trial, the timing of its publication, and possible political and philosophical purposes. INDEX WORDS: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Pro Milone, Titus Annius Milo, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Pompey, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman Courts, Roman Trials, Roman Criminal Procedure, Ancient Criminal Procedure, Roman Rhetoric, Latin Rhetoric, Ancient Rhetoric, Roman Speeches, Roman Defense Speeches, Roman Topography, Roman Forum, Roman Philosophy, Roman Stoicism, Roman Natural Law, Roman Politics PRO MILONE: THE PURPOSES OF CICERO’S PUBLISHED DEFENSE OF T. ANNIUS MILO by ROBERT CHRISTIAN RUTLEDGE B.A. Philosophy, Georgia State University, 1995 J.D., University of Georgia, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Robert Christian Rutledge All Rights Reserved PRO MILONE: THE PURPOSES OF CICERO’S PUBLISHED DEFENSE OF T. -
Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum
Copyright by Aaron David Bartels 2009 Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum by Aaron David Bartels, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May, 2009 Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum Approved by Supervising Committee: Penelope J. E. Davies Andrew M. Riggsby John R. Clarke DEDICATION – pro mea domina – Tracy Lea Hensley ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No thanks can adequately express the gratitude I have for those who have supported this thesis. My advisor, Penelope J. E. Davies has provided unflinching guidance. The advice from my second reader, Andrew M. Riggsby, also deserves endless praise. The insights of my other colloquium committee members, John R. Clarke, Glenn Peers and Janice Leoshko continue to challenge my approach. Other scholars who offered their wisdom include Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Amy and Nassos Papalexandrou, John Pollini, P. Gregory Warden, Michael Thomas, Ann Steiner, Gretchen Meyers, Thomas Palaima, Matthew Roller and many others. Friends and colleagues at the University of Texas at Austin that deserve thanks for their ongoing support include, Erik McRae, Sebastian Bentkowski, Leticia Rodriguez, Kristin Ware, Joelle Lardi, Sheila Winchester and Gina Giovannone. I am also indebted to discussions with my fellow staff members and students at the Mugello Valley Archaeological Project. Robert Vander Poppen, Ivo van der Graaff, Sara Bon-Harper, Lynn Makowsky, Allison Lewis and Jess Galloway all provided sound advice. Any accurate or worthwhile conclusions in the following pages have filtered solely from those mentioned above. -
The Mini-Columbarium in Carthage's Yasmina
THE MINI-COLUMBARIUM IN CARTHAGE’S YASMINA CEMETERY by CAITLIN CHIEN CLERKIN (Under the Direction of N. J. Norman) ABSTRACT The Mini-Columbarium in Carthage’s Roman-era Yasmina cemetery combines regional construction methods with a Roman architectural form to express the privileged status of its wealthy interred; this combination deploys monumental architectural language on a small scale. This late second or early third century C.E. tomb uses the very North African method of vaulting tubes, in development in this period, for an aggrandizing vaulted ceiling in a collective tomb type derived from the environs of Rome, the columbarium. The use of the columbarium type signals its patrons’ engagement with Roman mortuary trends—and so, with culture of the center of imperial power— to a viewer and imparts a sense of group membership to both interred and visitor. The type also, characteristically, provides an interior space for funerary ritual and commemoration, which both sets the Mini-Columbarium apart at Yasmina and facilitates normative Roman North African funerary ritual practice, albeit in a communal context. INDEX WORDS: Funerary monument(s), Funerary architecture, Mortuary architecture, Construction, Vaulting, Vaulting tubes, Funerary ritual, Funerary commemoration, Carthage, Roman, Roman North Africa, North Africa, Columbarium, Collective burial, Social identity. THE MINI-COLUMBARIUM IN CARTHAGE’S YASMINA CEMETERY by CAITLIN CHIEN CLERKIN A.B., Bowdoin College, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2013 © 2013 Caitlin Chien Clerkin All Rights Reserved. THE MINI-COLUMBARIUM IN CARTHAGE’S YASMINA CEMETERY by CAITLIN CHIEN CLERKIN Major Professor: Naomi J. -
Reeds Decennia Lang Proberen Historici En Wetenschappers Aan Te Tonen of De Romeinse Republiek Al Dan Niet Een Democratische Politiek Kende
Titus Annius Milo en het democratische gedachtegoed van Rome in de Late Republiek: een onderzoek. 1 Universiteit Gent Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Blandijnberg 9000 Gent Titus Annius Milo en het democratische gedachtegoed van Rome in de Late Republiek: een onderzoek Promotor: Prof. Dr. Verboven K. Scriptie voorgedragen door: Tom HEBBRECHT 2007 – 2008 Tot het behalen van het diploma van Master in de Geschiedenis Titus Annius Milo en het democratische gedachtegoed van Rome in de Late Republiek: een onderzoek. 2 Inhoudsopgave 1. Woord vooraf p. 3 2. Inleiding: perspectief en omkadering p. 4 3. Een kijk op het politieke landschap van de Late Republiek p. 18 3.1 De politieke situatie in Rome voor 57 v. Chr. p. 18 3.2 Een kijk op het dagelijkse leven in Rome in de Late Republiek p. 23 3.2.1 Milo als homo novus? p. 24 3.2.2 De macht van de Senaat: fictie of realiteit? p. 25 3.2.3 Het clientessysteem: een korte beschouwing p. 29 3.2.4 De magistraturen en de comitia p. 32 3.2.5 Optimates versus Populares p. 35 3.2.6 Milo als homo novus: besluit p. 39 4. Milo als vertegenwoordiger van het volk p. 42 4.1 De verbanning van Cicero p. 42 4.1.1 De volksvergaderingen en de macht van het volk p. 42 4.1.2 Milo, Pompeijaan? De rol van politieke allianties p. 67 4.2 De machtstrijd tussen Clodius Pulcher en Annius Milo p. 76 5. Milo en verkiezingen: de strijd om de hogere ambten p. 80 5.1 De contiones in het debat rond het democratische gedachtegoed in de Late Republiek p. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Charles H. Cosgrove Professor of Early
CURRICULUM VITAE Charles H. Cosgrove Professor of Early Christian Literature and Director of Ph.D. Program Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary 2121 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201 [email protected] 847–866–3880 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY Ph.D. 1985 Princeton Theological Seminary Princeton, NJ M.Div. 1979 Bethel Theological Seminary St. Paul, MN B.A. 1976 Bethel College, St. Paul, MN Further Study 1995-97 Chicago-Kent College of Law Chicago, IL 1988 Instituto Superior Evangélico de Estúdios Teológicos (ISEDET) Buenos Aires, Argentina 1982-84 University of Tübingen, (then West) Germany PUBLICATIONS BOOKS An Ancient Christian Hymn with Musical Notation: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1786: Text and Commentary. STAC 65; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011. 1 In Other Words: Incarnational Translation for Preaching. With W. Dow Edgerton. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2007. Cross-Cultural Paul: Journeys to Others, Journeys to Ourselves. With Herold Weiss and K. K. Yeo. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2005. The Meanings We Choose: Hermeneutical Ethics, Indeterminacy and the Conflict of Interpretations. Editor and contributor. London and New York: T. & T. Clark International (Continuum), 2004. Appealing to Scripture in Moral Debate: Five Hermeneutical Rules. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2002. Elusive Israel: The Puzzle of Election in Romans. Nashville: Westminster John Knox, 1997. Church Conflict: The Hidden Systems Behind the Fights. Co-author with Dennis D. Hatfield. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994. Faith and History: Essays in Honor of Paul W. Meyer. Co-editor with John T. Carroll and E. Elizabeth Johnson. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990 (including the Introduction and a contributing essay). The Cross and the Spirit: A Study in the Argument and Theology of Galatians. -
Latin Curriculum Standards. Revised. INSTITUTION Delaware State Dept
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 333 717 FL 019 201 TITLE Latin Curriculum Standards. Revised. INSTITUTION Delaware State Dept. of Public Instruction, Dover. PUB DATE Nov 90 NOTE 50p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) -- Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Education; *Curriculum Design; Educational Objectives; Elementary Secondary Education; FLES; Grammar; *Latin; Oral Language; Peading Skills; Second Language Instruction; *Second Language Programs; *State Standards; Statewide Planning; Writing Skills IDENTIFIERS *Delaware ABSTRACT Delaware's state standards for the Latin curriculum in the public schools are presented. An introductory section outlines the goals of Latin program for reading, cultural awareness, grammar, writiny, and oral language and briefly discusses the philosophy of and approaches to Latin instruction in elementary and middle schools. Three subsequent sections outline fundamental grammatical concepts and present specific behavioral objectives for a variety of topic areas at each of three instructional levels, including levels: I (grades 4-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, and 12); II(grades 7-8, 9, 10, 11, and 12); and III-IV (grades 9, 10, 11, and 12). Topic areas include the following: the world of the ancient Romans; greetings and leave-taking; classroom communication; mythology and legend; famous Romans and legendary history; Roman names; the Roman family and home; Roman food and dress; everyday life; our Latin linguistic and artistic heritage; politics and history; Roman holidays; Roman social structure; Caesar's commentaries and other Latin readings; and Roman oratory, comedy, and poetry. A 17-item bibliography is included. (MSE) 1*********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. -
Pro Caelio and the Leges De Vi of Rome in the Late Republic
CICERO'S PRO CAELIO AND THE LEGES DE VI OF ROME IN THE LATE REPUBLIC by REBECCA KISELEWICH A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Classics WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts FEBRUARY, 2004 There is no system of law which affords a more favorable field for such researches [into judicial development] than that of Rome. Roman law occupies, in this regard, a place apart, which it owes, also, to the abundance of documents of every kind, always permitting the investigation of it to be approached from some new side; and which it owes, further, to the enormous mass of work which has been put into it during centuries by generations of commentators. - P. Girard, Manuel ~le'mentairede Droit ~ornain' Table of Contents Chapter I . Introduction ...................................................3 Chapter I1. Law and Rhetoric in the Pro Caelio ............................... 18 Chapter I11 . On Defining the Lex Lutatia de Vi and the Lex Plautia de Vi ...........30 Chapter IV . A Sullan Approach to Caelius' Indictment .........................47 Chapter V . The Development of Ambiguity in Leges de Vi ......................59 Chapter VI . A Comparative Look at Caelius' Indictment .......................69 Chapter VII . The Digest and Another Consideration of the Leges de Vi ............81 Appendix A . Trials of Murder and Violence from 149 to 50 B.C. .................94 Bibliography .......................................................... 97 Acknowledgements: Infinite thanks to Professor Christensen for all of her help and guidance throughout this entire thesis-writing process. to all of my professors at Williams College for getting me to the point where I could write a thesis. -
Sic Semper Tyrannis: Justification of Caesar’S Assassination
Sic Semper Tyrannis: Justification of Caesar’s Assassination Jeffrey Allen Thompson Seminar Paper Presented to the Department of History Western Oregon University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History Spring 2009 Approved_________________________________________Date___________ Approved_________________________________________Date___________ Hst 499: Prof. Max Geier & Prof. Narasingha Sil 1 -I- Sic Semper Tyrannis, Latin for ‘Thus unto tyrants,’ was famously spoken by John Wilkes Booth following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. on April 13, 1865. Booth’s words harkened back to the assassination of another supposed tyrant two thousand years before, Gaius Julius Caesar. On the Ides of March, March 15, 44 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar walked into the temple of Venus, atop Pompey’s Theater, where he was promptly stabbed by a conspiracy of over sixty prominent Romans. The leaders of the conspiracy took Caesar’s bloody robes onto the steps of the temple where they proclaimed that the tyrant was dead and rule had been restored to the Senate. Most prominent among them were the conspirators Marcus Junius Brutus (85-42 B.C.) and Gaius Cassius Longinus (C. 85-42 B.C.1). Caesar’s assassination marked the end of a nearly twenty-year period of Caesar’s ascent to power, which culminated in Caesar’s control of the Roman state. The assassination, although motivated by the patrician’s desire for power, was entirely within acceptable Roman beliefs about assassination and defense of the state. Caesar violated the Roman ideals of the first century B.C. about politics, namely, regnum and dominatio.2 This paper examines the justification of Caesar’s assassination from the perspective of Roman culture, history, and political ideals, as well as how Caesar’s assassination fits into the greater Roman ideals of murder, assassination, and justified murder.