46 Halifax Road Todmorden. OL14 5QG

T: 01706 813214 F: 01706 819002 J. David Storah Arch. Tech. Cert. E: [email protected] Richard A. Storah Dip. Arch. MA Cons (York) RIBA AABC IHBC W: www.storah.com

Heritage Impact Assessment

Proposed Alterations to 6-9 Canonbury Place, Islington, London

Our Ref:13-040

October 2013

RIBA Chartered Practice Architect Accredited in Royal Institute of British Architects Building Conservation Heritage Impact Assessment: 6-9 Canonbury Place, Islington, London

1.0 ! Introduction Storah Architecture have been commissioned by Cognita Schools to prepare a heritage impact assessment for the adaption of 6-9 Canonbury Place, considering change from a conference centre to become a sixth form college. Listed Building Consent is being sought for the alterations.

The building is listed, grade II* and is within the Canonbury conservation area.

This statement has been prepared by Richard Storah, to address the requirements of Section 12 of the NPPF, in particular para 128, which states ‘In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected.’ The statement will consider the significance of the 6-9 Canonbury Place as a heritage asset and evaluate the perceived impact of the proposed alterations.

2.0 ! Historical Background 6-9 Canonbury Place is based around the reclad and much altered east wing of the earlier Canonbury House, the origins of which were founded by the Canons of Smithfield during the reign of Henry III.

The built evidence suggests that the core of the existing building fabric dates from the house of Sir John Spencer (who lived here from 1570-1610), though prior to this the house in known to have passed through the ownership of several prominent post-dissolution figures, including Thomas Cromwell and John Dudley. It was included in the jointure of Anne of Cleves, prior to being gifted by Queen Mary to Sir John Spencer. Following his death, the house and estate passed through his daughter’s marriage to the Second Lord Compton, Earl of Northampton. It has remained in the Northampton Estate since this time.

Around 1770, major works were carried out at the House and Tower by John Dawes, he demolished the south front and west wing of the original house, replacing these with the present Canonbury House and 1-5 Canonbury Place. 6-9 Canonbury Place were reclad at this time. The bay windows and the addition to the street elevation of 6 Canonbury Place are later additions.

A brief chronology of ownership and occupancy is outlined below.

2.1 ! Canons Of Smithfield 1509 - 1532 Prior William Bolton of St Bartholomew in Smithfield built Canonbury House and the Tower. Prior Bolton was elected in 1505 and died in 1532. At the Dissolution, St Bartholomew's revenues were reckoned at £773 0s. 1¾d. gross, and £693 0s. 10¼d. net, rents in London and the suburbs alone amounting to £451 3s. 7d. Its property and lands at that time included Canonbury House and at least 25 other sites.

2.2 ! Dissolution 1530 - 1569

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After the dissolution, Canonbury was occupied by various court favorites. These included Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex; John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and later Duke of Northumberland and Thomas, Lord Wentworth.

Thomas Cromwell lived in Canonbury Tower from 1533 - 1540, until he was arraigned under a bill of attainder and executed for treason and heresy on Tower Hill on 28 July 1540 (the day Henry VIII married Catherine Howard). The King had blamed Cromwell for his disastrous marriage to Anne of Cleves, and possibly due to this, the house was included within the jointure of Anne of Cleves, providing £20 per year rent.

In 1547 the house was granted by Edwards VI to John Dudley. Dudley led the government of the young King Edward the VI from 1550 till 1553 and unsuccessfully tried to install protestant Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after Kings Edward’s death. He was executed for his actions in support of Lady Jane Grey and executed on 22 August 1553, Canonbury then reverting to the crown.

2.3 ! Sir John Spencer 1570 In 1570 Canonbury was given by Queen Mary to Sir John Spencer. Sir John served as Lord Mayor of London from 1594-1595. It was he who added the oak panelling to the Spencer and Compton Oak Rooms during his residence at Canonbury. The house was extensively refurbished during this period and the tower constructed. The ornate plater ceilings originate from this period (around 1599) so can be attributed to Sir John.

Sir John was a very successful merchant, so successful he became knows as “Rich Spencer”. His riches were so well known that a group of Dunkirk pirates hatched an unsuccessful plot to capture Sir John on his way from London to his country house at Canonbury and hold him ransom for over £50,000.

Sir John had only one child, Elizabeth, who in 1598 was sought in marriage by William, the Second Lord Compton (afterwards the First Earl of Northampton). Spencer strongly disapproved of the match, but Compton's influence at court enabled him to procure Spencer's imprisonment in the Fleet in March 1599 for ill-treating his daughter. The young lady was reportedly carried off by her lover from Canonbury House in a baker's basket where they then eloped, the family were later reconciled following intervention by Queen Elizabeth. Sir John was president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital from 1603 to his death in 1610.

2.4 ! Elizabeth Spencer m. Second Lord Compton, Earl of Northampton 1599 Elizabeth Spencer married William Compton in 1599 or 1600. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire and of Gloucestershire and as Lord President of the Marches and of the Dominion of Wales. In 1618 he was created Earl of Northampton.

The house remains in the ownership of the Earl of Northampton to this day.

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2.5 ! Sir Francis Bacon 1616 - 1625 The house was leased to Sir Francis Bacon from 1616 to 1625. He was Attorney General during the time he resided at Canonbury, though he also served as Lord Chancellor. He is credited with the popularization of empiricism. His work established a scientific methodology and theoretical framework, the concepts of which are still relevant today. He died without heirs in 1626 after contracting pneumonia while studying the effects of freezing to preserve meat.

2.6 ! The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century During the Commonwealth the 3rd Earl of Northampton lived mainly at the house. The house was later the home of William, Viscount Fielding, Earl of Denbigh who died at Canonbury in 1685. After this point the Tower and adjoining buildings were let as apartments. Numerous historical figures were tenants at Canonbury during this period, including Oliver Goldsmith who rented the Compton Oak Room in the tower (then linked with 6-9 Canonbury Place) from 1762 - 1764.

2.7 ! Redevelopment and the Division of Canonbury House 1776 - 1780 Between 1776 and 1780, major works were carried out at the House and Tower by John Dawes. The southern range of buildings were demolished and replaced with the Georgian villas which make up 1-5 Canonbury Place. 6-9 Canonbury Place were altered and reclad at this time. Since this time the Tower and Canonbury House have been separated from the block including 6-9 Canonbury Place.

2.8 ! Use of 6-7 and 8-9 Canonbury Place after the 1780 redevelopment From 1838, no. 6 Canonbury Place was used as a Ladies School and was c. 1855 called Northampton House, kept by Miss Caroline Bifield.

The south elevation of no. 6 c. 1855 The bay to the left has since been replaced.

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In 1878, no’s 6 and 7 were combined and converted to become the Highbury and Islington High School for Girls. The school closed in 1911. From 1930-1965 it became the headquarters of the North London (Islington) District Nursing Association. It then became Harcourt House (Medical Missionary Association). This use remained until at least 1988. Following this in a planning report date 1992, 6-7 were described as a residential meditation centre.

Canonbury Place c.1910, with the school signage to the elevation of no. 6.

In 1908 the 5th Marquess of Northampton, William George Spencer Scott Compton, restored the remaining portions of the house.

Canonbury Place 1955, with the school signage painted out.

8-9 Canonbury Place was used as a day nursery which pre-dated listing in 1954. This use ceased in 1990. In 1993, 8-9 was combined with 6-7, for use as a conference centre, named the Canonbury Academy.

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3.0! The building in its current state. Within the core of the building early fabric, dating from the Tudor period is evident, in timber framing to the upper floors, which retains indications of blocked window openings and in the roof structure. Retained within the extension to no. 6 are the preserved remains of an external wall face, including wattle and daub inserts to timber framing with geometrical decoration, this also appears to date from this period. The building also contains several late sixteenth century ceilings, two of which are dated 1599. Cireplaces described in 'Canonbury', Old and New London: Volume 2 (1878) are not present, though there are moulds of fireplaces which date stylistically from around this period, though their providence is uncertain. A 1993 planning committee report notes that “The architect has used several features from his client’s other buildings on his private estate from the same period to preserve the character of the internal refurbishment” this together with records of 1950‘s remodeling using reclaimed sixteenth century fabric from elsewhere, complicates the assessment of the survival of original features.

Externally to the street and the south (garden) elevation much of the built fabric dates from a remodeling and rebuilding of 1786. The projection of no. 6 into the street appears to date based on map regression from the early nineteenth century, though it is described as being late-16th century in John A F Watson’s plan prepared for the Marquess of Northampton’s Estate Office. Dating is uncertain as the room contains a Tudor-arched doorway in the east wall, a carved detail including Prior Bolton's rebus in the spandrels and the architrave of a higher doorway of similar date, however these were reportedly installed here in the 1950s.

Sixteenth century door, relocated around 1950.

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Survey of 1805 & 6 by R Dent! Dowers Map the Parish ! London (North) Map corrected by L Rhodes.! of St Mary Islington c.1853! of c.1859

The three maps show the development of the land around Canonbury, with the growth of estate houses on Canonbury Place (now Alwyne Place) in the 1859 map, though the 1853 and 1859 maps provide contradictory evidence of the date of the addition to the west of no. 6 (this may be explained by the simpler cartographic style).

Abstract from John A F Watson’s plan, further late 16th Century ceilings survive in the two rooms to the west of the first floor of no. 8.

The building has been altered over time to suit various changes in use, most notably in the sub-division to separate properties in 1786, and the consequent alterations to recombine first 6 and 7 (in 1868); then 8 and 9 (possibly in 1908); then to link the pairs of dwellings in 1993.

Whilst in separate tenancies, all properties have been significantly extended, both to the west, including the addition of separate (later incorporated) dwellings towards Alwyne Place, but also to the north and through the addition of bay windows.

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Externally the sixteenth century origin of the building is evidenced by its shape and form, including its roof profile facing towards Canonbury Place (though much of the fenestration and its proportion has been lost in the 1876 alterations) and to the rear of no’s 8 & 9 (see cover image).

Internally sixteenth century fabric remains, including structural timberwork; the external wall section in no. 6; the stair from first to second floor in no. 9 and the exceptional survival of the sixteenth century plasterwork in various locations within no’s 7 and 8.

! Structural timbers in roof and at first floor level

! Wall frame and panel! Sixteenth century balustrade

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! Dated ceiling to the first floor rear of no 8

! Detail of ceiling in no 8 (Queen Elizabeth)! Long Gallery ceiling dated 1599

! Bust of Julius Caesar and crest of Queen Elizabeth dated 1599 in Long Gallery.

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! Sixteenth century ceiling to the ground floor rear of no 8

Fine internal fittings and joinery exist from later periods, including late eighteenth or early nineteenth century staircases.

! Detail of stair

To the rear of the properties are a series of twentieth century additions, these include asphalt roofed extensions with Crittall windows to the rear of no 8 and garaging dating from between 1954 and 1970 (which replaced a separate property, 15 Alwyne Place) to the rear of no. 6.

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Garages, with asphalt roofed extension in foreground and in image to right.

4.0! Significance

4.1! Introduction This section assesses the relative significance of the Building and its key significance values. ‘Conservation Principles’ (English Heritage, 2008) sets out a range of heritage values that can be used to establish the significance of a building or place. These include evidential value (the physical aspects of a building that yield evidence about its past), historical value (the extent to which a building is associated with or illustrative of historic events or people), aesthetic value (includes design, visual, landscape and architectural value) and communal value (includes social and commemorative value and local identity). These values may be tangible, for example, the listed building’s grade or they may intangible, for example, the site’s association with a past event or group of people.

Significance is a concept for measuring the cultural value of a place, using judgement to assess the place and its different aspects in a hierarchy. The concept was first developed in Australia by James Semple Kerr, to assist with the management of cultural assets. It has been adopted by the Heritage Lottery Fund and in adapted forms by organisations such The National Trust and English Heritage. The established levels of significance are: Exceptional – important at national to international levels, reflected in statutory designations, such as Grade I listed buildings and scheduled ancient monuments. • High – important at regional or sometimes a higher level, e.g. Grade II listed buildings • Medium – important at a local level, and possibly at a regional level, for example for group value • Low – of no more than local value • Negative or intrusive features – features which in their present form detract from the value of the site.

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4.2! Significance of 6-9 Canonbury Place The buildings have considerable local and national significance due to several factors.

The group has historical and communal value, as one of the oldest properties in the area, and together with the Tower, a link to the Canons of Smithfield, which gives identity as ‘Canonbury’ to the local area. The group also has historical and associative value through its links with prominent people in history, including Thomas Cromwell, John Dudley, Sir John Spencer and his daughter Elizabeth and Sir Francis Bacon, among others.

The buildings have aesthetic value and communal value in their contribution to the streetscape and appearance of the area, and in their design and built form, including that of the spaces around them. They have further aesthetic and evidential value in their historic detailing and the survival of features, particularly the plasterwork.

The buildings are as a whole considered to have exceptional significance. It should be stressed however that within the group, some elements of the building and the spaces which they impact upon have have greater significance than others. The significance of the different elements can be summarised as follows:

Exceptional significance: the sixteenth century plasterwork (for its quality, scarcity and survival) and the joinery of the sixteenth century stair (for its survival and scarcity). High significance: The elevations to the west and south (streetscape value), structural timbers from the sixteenth century. Internal joinery, panelling and staircases from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Medium Significance: Built fabric and circulation patterns, particularly within the houses of 1786 (now much altered) relocated fireplaces and other elements which have lost context. Low significance: nineteenth and early twentieth additions to the rear which contribute the the townscape of Alwyne Place. No Significance: later alterations, including modern internal fittings, nreakign through to reconnect properties, and addutions to the rear, such as the mid-twentieth century garaging.

It should be stressed however that there are interrelationships within the building as a whole, and therefore the building must be considered holistically, significance being more than the sum of the parts.

For clarity areas of high (inc. Exceptional), medium, low and no significance have been expressed in plan form and includes as an appendix.

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5.0! The need for change There is a need to provide an economically viable use for the building to ensure its future conservation. The decision to use the building for education links to past use as a school and childrens centre and more recent use as a conference centre.

The requirements for the continued use of the building are: • a legible and clear circulation pattern. • the provision of appropriate accommodation and space standards, • adequate lighting, ventilation and servicing, and • a concern to protect the historic fabric and its significance.

6.0! Methodology and basis of design approach The layout and construction of the building and its recent use as a conference centre has provided a suite of rooms and accommodation which, with planning suit the needs of a school. Room areas are more than adequate, and high ceilings generally aid ventilation and reduce the need for mechanical services.

Due to the history of the building and its sub-division and reintegration, the circulation patterns are poor and ill coordinated. As a result there is a need to provide additional circulation particularly at ground floor level to enable the buildings to function adequately and cohesively. Discussions have taken place to provide reversible solutions which address circulation needs without impacting on areas of high significance.

There is a requirement for modern servicing, particularly in relation to lighting levels. To avoid the need to impact on any historic fabric, particularly the sixteenth century ceilings, the need for careful space planning has been discussed and planning and room allocation considered out to avoid impact on the historic fabric. For example, to avoid the need for high lighting levels where ceiling mounted fittings would not be appropriate, or to avoid high loadings, or plumbing (as concern regarding potential for leaks) in areas over historic plaster ceilings. Similarly to avoid disruption by the introduction of modern services wireless networking will be used where possible.

7.0! The impact of the proposed works The comments relate to drawings prepared by HB Architects. They consider the impact of the proposed works. Comments on servicing and decoration of rooms and lighting of the rooms, particularly those with historic plaster ceilings are based on drawings 59:13:P20 and 59:13:P21.

Ground Floor (Drawing 59:13:P01A) • New opening and passageway to geography room - the proposal is for the sub-division of a room of medium status to improve horizontal circulation throughout the ground floor. The partition will be a reversible intervention, without impact on the historic fabric. The opening will affect C16 masonry, and later plain plasterwork and skirtings

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which though historic are not unique. The proposal is discrete and reversible and does not affect the significance, nor understanding of the building. • Blocking of doorway to geography room. The door will be retained, locked shut, with an acoustic partition inset within the retained architrave and frame. The door is an addition, presumably dating from the combining of 6-7 in 1878. The solution is reversible and does not impact on significance. • Blocking of doorway to reception/maths room. The door will be retained, locked shut, with an acoustic partition inset within the retained architrave and frame. The solution is reversible and does not impact on significance, • Removal of partition in library. The room is a late C19/early C20 addition, The external wall was removed in the creation of the room and the partition added later along its line. The partition is recent fabric and its removal will have no impact on significance. • Addition of partition to form library. The room has been substantially altered in the C20 by subdivision to create a boiler room and passage. The creation of an additional partition will have no impact on significance. • Alterations to the toilet layout. The toilets are an early C20 addition, and have been remodeled since. Alterations within this space will have no impact on significance. • Addition of partition to create store. The passage remains from the demolition of the former 15 Alwyne Place and the creation of the garages in the mid-C20, Sub division of the dead end of the redundant corridor will have no impact on significance. • Lab 1: The fit out of the lab is predominantly furniture. Services are available locally, including water, drainage and gas from the WC’s an dboiler room at the rear of the building. This is a discrete, removable addition, using services available locally with no impact on the historic fabric. • Lighting to Art Room. Lighting levels have been studied and proposals made for wall mounted lighting within the room which does not impact upon the ceiling.

First Floor (Drawing 59:13:P02A) • New opening to common room - the opening is needed to provide horizontal circulation throughout the first floor. The opening will affect C16 masonry, and later plain plasterwork and skirtings which though historic are not unique. The proposal is discrete and reversible and does not affect the significance, nor understanding of the building. • Blocking of doorway to ICT room. The door will be retained, locked shut, with an acoustic partition inset within the retained architrave and frame. The door is an addition, presumably dating from the combining of 8-9 in 1993. The solution allows the removal of a change in level, is reversible and does not impact on significance. • Blocking of doorway to heads office/English room. The door will be retained, locked shut, with an acoustic partition inset within the retained architrave and frame. The solution is reversible and does not impact on significance. • Removal of partitions and toilets in the rear of no. 9. The toilets are required to meet the requirements for school use. They have been placed in this location to avoid areas of

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ornate or historic plasterwork, and as services and foul drainage are available locally, avoiding the need to take services through the building. • Lab 2: The fit out of the lab is predominantly furniture. Services are available locally, including water, drainage and gas from Lab 1 below. The lab units are a discrete, removable addition, they will stand off the historic panelling, using services available locally with no impact on the historic fabric. • Blocking of doorway to Lab 2. The door will be retained, locked shut, with an acoustic partition inset within the retained architrave and frame. The solution is reversible and does not impact on significance. • Lighting to ICT Room. Lighting levels have been studied and proposals made for wall mounted lighting within the room which does not impact upon the ceiling. The use of the room has been determined as there are lower lighting requirements for ICT than for other teaching spaces.

Second Floor (Drawing 59:13:P03A) • New doorways to office and landing within no. 9 - the openings are needed to improve circulation. They opening will affect C16 masonry, and later plain plasterwork and skirtings, they are discrete and reversible and do not affect the significance, nor understanding of the building. • Removal of partitions and door to stair. These are a late C20 addition. • Alterations within the upper floor of 6-7 to allow through circulation and create a learning resource centre. The alterations involve the removal of partitions and formation of doorways within the attic service areas. These changes do not alter the historic structure or high status rooms.

8.0! Conclusion The proposal does not impact on the significance nor understanding of the building. It is considered that the proposal meets the requirements of the NPPF, in particular para. 131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; and the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality.

Report prepared by

Richard Storah Storah Architecture.

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Appendix - Listing Descriptions

Grade: II* Date first listed: 20th September 1954

ISLINGTON

TQ3284NW CANONBURY PLACE 635-1/47/167 (East side) 20/09/54 Nos.6-9 (Consecutive) (Formerly Listed as: CANONBURY PLACE No.6) (Formerly Listed as: CANONBURY PLACE No.7) (Formerly Listed as: CANONBURY PLACE Nos.8 & 9)

Terraced houses. Probably on the site of and incorporating parts of the central range of Sir John Spencer's late Cl6 manor house. The row now consists of two units only: nos 6-7, a house, and nos 8-9, now Canonbury Children's Day Care Centre. Nos 6-7 have some internal features similar to nos 1-5 (q.v.), built by John Dawes c.1771; and there are early C19 alterations. Brick, stucco and roofs of slate. The former no 6 presents a separate appearance to Canonbury Place: three storeys, two bays, flat-arched recessed sash windows to ground and first floors, round-arched above. Original glazing bars to ground and first floors. Entrance with architrave, panelled door, deep overlight and deep cornice on consoles. Cornice below second floor sills from which four simple pilasters run up to the parapet. Return to no 7 stuccoed with expressed stack. South elevation: early C18; yellow brick with red brick dressings; two storeys plus dormers, six-window range, the windows with flat arches of gauged brick; single-storey bay, two windows wide, and probably of C19 date, to west end, one lead rainwater-head of late C18 date. Band between ground and first floors and above first floor; plain red brick pilasters to either end of elevation; parapet. Rear elevation, facing onto Alwyne Place, has stretches of plum-coloured brick in English bond, and one casement window, facing north, possibly of C16 date. The former no 7 consists of the four southern bays of the main north-south range of buildings, and nos 8-9 make up the rest. Three storeys; one part to the south, under three large contiguous gables, appears to be of the C18 and has five bays of flat- arched recessed windows with sashes to the ground and first floors, some original, and casements in the gables; at north end of this part, a battlemented porch with pointed- arched windows to either side, diagonal buttresses and front entrance now blocked. The part to the north, which looks early C19, has scattered flat-arched windows with casements, flat-arched entrance and, at the north end, a semi-circular, embattled, single- storey bay with drip-moulds over the three windows. The rear elevations of nos 7-9, facing Alwyne Place, have a three-storey stuccoed bay towards the south with dripmoulds and blank panelling in the Tudor style and a truncated gable, and a two- storey wing to the north with two large and one small roof dormers.

INTERIOR: of nos 6-7: entrance hall with two elaborately moulded round arches facing the entrance, the right-hand one blank. The staircase from the entrance hall has a curtail step, wreathed and ramped handrail, stick balusters and an open string decorated with

Storah Architecture ! p. 16 of 17! October 2013 Job Ref: 13-040! Heritage Impact Assessment: 6-9 Canonbury Place, Islington, London scrolling ornament as in nos 1-5. On the ground floor there is a small cross-vaulted lobby with doors having early C19 architraves; the south-east room has a chimneypiece partly of c.1600: fireplace surround with eared architrave flanked by panelled tapering pilasters, Adam details to the frieze and dentil cornice to the mantelshelf which breaks forward over the pilasters; paired columns either side of the overmantel flanking a moulded panel and supporting an architrave with fluted brackets, fluted panels and dentil cornice; the upper architrave matches one at Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire. In the room north of the staircase hall there is a Tudor-arched doorway in the east wall with two roll- mouldings to the architrave and carved detail including Prior Bolton's rebus in the spandrels; the door has 3 x 3 moulded panels; the architrave of a higher doorway of similar date is partly preserved next to it, and both were installed here in the 1950s. The north-west room on the ground floor has a C19 marble fireplace with cast-iron grate, and a moulded plaster cornice. The rear staircase has a curtail step, wreathed and ramped handrail, and turned balusters on the ground and first floors. The principal room at the north end of the first floor has a decorative plaster ceiling dated 1599 decorated with a royal coat of arms and date in the central panel, and figures of Tarquin, Aegeria and Julius Caesar, and with other classical figures in the subsidiary panels; the strapwork is decorated with scrolling flowers and the intervening spaces with sprays of flowers. The crispness of the modelling and the character of the timberwork in the roof above it cast a little doubt on the date of this ceiling. The north-west room on the first floor has a few timbers stencilled to give the effect of panelling c.1600, and the same detail can be seen in the central east room on the second floor. The south-east room on the first floor has full fielded panelling and an elaborate cornice. INTERIOR: of nos 8-9: three door surrounds to ground floor of late C18 or early C19; staircase from ground to first floor has turned newels, stick balusters, moulded and ramped handrail and open string; from the first to second floor it is possibly of C16 date, with square corniced newel posts, closed string, vase balusters and moulded handrail. On the ground floor, east side, late C16 plaster ceiling with coved cornice, the design consisting of circles overlaid with other circles and quatrefoils, the ribs decorated with meandering foliage and the points of junction and intersection decorated with large and small pendants; the spandrels decorated with stylised foliage. Over this room, on the first floor, a similar ceiling with foliage ribs in circles, squares and chamfered rectangles, the spaced filled with emblems, figures of heroes and foliage sprays, one panel having the date 1599. To the west side, a smaller room with a ceiling of similar date, the foliage ribs in a pattern of lozenges, segments and squares, with emblems and sprays; this ceiling now incomplete. (Country Life 1926, vol. 59, pp.630-8.).

Listing NGR: TQ3201284521 Selected Sources Article Reference - Date: 1926 - Journal Title: Country Life - Volume: 59 - Page References: 630-8

National Grid Reference: TQ 32004 84526

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