Faculdade De Ciências E Letras Câmpus De Araraquara - SP

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Faculdade De Ciências E Letras Câmpus De Araraquara - SP Unesp UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Câmpus de Araraquara - SP RAÍSSA MEDICI DE OLIVEIRA ARARAQUARA – SP 2018 RAÍSSA MEDICI DE OLIVEIRA Forma de vida do ator homem “dono de casa” na cultura brasileira Tese de Doutorado, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Unesp/Araraquara, como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutora em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa. Linha de pesquisa: Estrutura, organização e funcionamento discursivos e textuais. Orientador: Dra. Edna Maria Fernandes dos Santos Nascimento. Bolsa: FAPESP (convênio FAPESP/CAPES, processo n. 2015/06213-1). ARARAQUARA – SP 2018 Oliveira, Raíssa Medici de HOMENS "NO LAR" OU HOMENS "DO LAR"? Forma de vida do ator homem "dono de casa" na cultura brasileira / Raíssa Medici de Oliveira — 2018 336 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguistica e Lingua Portuguesa) — Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Ciências e Letras (Campus Araraquara) Orientador: Edna Maria Fernandes dos Santos Nascimento 1. Semiótica francesa. 2. Forma de vida. 3. Ator homem "do lar". 4. Cultura brasileira. I. Título. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo sistema automatizado com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). A todos aqueles que ousam construir novos sentidos para o ser-estar no mundo. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, Pai misericordioso, agradeço sobretudo por minha saúde física e mental, que me permitiu concretizar mais esse grande e importante objetivo. A meus pais, Raymundo e Rosa, agradeço sobretudo pelos bons ensinamentos, pelos exemplos de disciplina e perseverança, pelo incentivo e apoio constantes ao longo desta longa caminhada acadêmica. A meu irmão, Renan, agradeço o exemplo de força e coragem na busca pela realização dos sonhos e no cumprimento das metas. A minha orientadora, professora Dra. Edna M. F. dos S. Nascimento, que me apresentou ao universo da pesquisa científica há uma década, lá em meados da graduação em Letras, e desde então acompanha e incentiva meu crescimento acadêmico, agradeço pela maestria com que me mostrou o que é e como é ser pesquisadora. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), agradeço pelo financiamento de 36 meses de pesquisa no país, mediante bolsa concedida em convênio com a CAPES, processo n. 2015/06213-1, e pelo financiamento de 06 meses de pesquisa no exterior, mediante bolsa BEPE, processo n. 2016/19788-5. Ao professor Dr. Jacques Fontanille, agradeço pela cordial acolhida no Centre de Recherches Sémiotiques (CeReS) da Université de Limoges, pela paciência com os trâmites burocráticos, pela atenção e pelas trocas de conhecimento durante período de estágio em pesquisa na França, financiado pela FAPESP. Aos professores Dra. Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandini Baldan, Dr. Matheus Nogueira Schwartzmann, Dra. Elizabeth Harkot-de-La-Taille e Dra. Vera Lúcia Rodella Abriata, agradeço pelos produtivos e agradáveis momentos de análise e reflexão oportunizados ao longo da minha jornada acadêmica e sobretudo durante minha defesa de doutorado. Aos professores Dra. Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandini Baldan e Dr. Matheus Nogueira Schwartzmann, agradeço pela leitura atenta e pelos sábios apontamentos feitos durante o meu exame de qualificação, os quais muito me ajudaram a avançar. Aos professores Dra. Eliane Soarez de Lima, Dra. Vera Lúcia Rodella Abriata e Dr. Alexandre Bueno, agradeço pelos sábios apontamentos feitos, na condição de debatedores da minha pesquisa, durante o VIII, o IX e o X Seminário de Estudos Linguísticos da Unesp (SELin), nesssa ordem, e pelo convívio cordial e prestimoso ao longo de diversos encontros na UNIFRAN, na UNESP e na USP. Ao professor Dr. Jean Cristtus Portela, agradeço pelas trocas de conhecimento, pelo encorajamento e pelo convívio cordial durante as disciplinas, os minicursos e os encontros do GPS-UNESP (Grupo de Pesquisa em Semiótica da Unesp). Às companheiras de caminhada Flavia Karla Ribeiro dos Santos e Renata Cristina Duarte, agradeço pelo desenvolvimento de uma amizade sincera, pela confiança, pela paciência, pelas trocas de experiência tanto acadêmica quanto pessoal e pelos momentos de alegria e descontração ao longo desses quatro anos de idas e vindas a Araraquara. À Renata agradeço, em especial, pela parceira durante estágio realizado na França. À Patrícia Verônica Moreira, exemplo de disciplina e perseverança, agradeço pela amizade, pelas trocas de experiência e pelo inestimável apoio ao longo desses quatro anos de estudo, pesquisa, trabalho, intercâmbio e muita, muita aprendizagem. Às também companheiras de caminhada Amanda Cristina Raiz e Cleides Prestes, sempre presentes nas orações, nas vibrações positivas, nas mensagens de texto e nos encontros mais prosaicos da vida, agradeço pelo importante suporte que me deram no início do meu percurso acadêmico na UNESP e pela amizade que levarei para toda a vida. Ao Tales, porque com ele tudo isso se tornou incomparavelmente mais leve. “Todo texto é a produção de um novo saber a partir de um saber comum: é memória e gênese”. Edna Maria Fernandes dos Santos Nascimento (2004, p. 5). RESUMO Após notável propagação da figura actorial homem “do lar” empreendida pela mídia estrangeira nas últimas décadas, começou-se também a observá-la na cultura brasileira, sobretudo em textos da cultura de massa. Apesar de vista como “novidade” – ou justamente por isso –, muito pouca atenção foi dada, até o momento, à investigação dessa figura no meio acadêmico brasileiro. Sendo assim, compreendeu-se a proeminência de fazê-lo e, para tanto, compôs-se um córpus de pesquisa constituído por um texto publicitário, um livro de crônicas, um livro autobiográfico, uma edição de um programa do SBT, três edições de um quadro exibido em um programa da Rede Globo e uma edição de um programa da TV Brasil. Para estudar esse córpus, traçou-se por objetivo: 1) investigar a constituição dos papéis actanciais, temáticos e patêmicos do ator homem “do lar” e identificar a(s) forma(s) de vida por ele assumida(s) e/ou a ele atribuída(s) nos diferentes textos selecionados; 2) verificar quais as práticas semióticas (“femininas”) desempenhadas pelo ator homem “do lar” e analisar as estratégias enunciativas empregadas na legitimação discursiva dessas práticas e desse ator; 3) compreender como os diferentes enunciadores convocam os valores da moral que regem os comportamentos femininos e masculinos na sociedade brasileira: como tais valores são realizados, recuperando, assim, o “imaginário cultural” dessa sociedade, ou potencializados, dando lugar à manifestação de novos valores e de novas formas de vida. Como referencial teórico-metodológico adotou-se a semiótica francesa, com enfoque nos conceitos de “papel”, “ator”, “prática semiótica”, “forma de vida” e “práxis enunciativa”. Desse modo, verificou-se que, apesar de modalizado de forma distinta em cada um dos textos analisados, o ator homem “do lar” desempenha necessariamente os papéis temáticos “dono de casa”, “pai” e “marido” e, em muitos casos, um papel patêmico concebido por meio da manifestação da “vergonha”. Além disso, verificou-se que o ator desempenha práticas cotidianas relacionadas ao cuidado dos filhos e da casa e que a legitimização discursiva dessas práticas e desse ator é feita, dentre outros, por meio do humor, da confissão e da argumentação. Nessa perspectiva, confirmou-se uma tensão que muitas vezes se estabelece na constituição desse ator e da sua forma de vida, situados ambos entre a revolução e a manutenção dos estereótipos e de um modelo hegemônico de masculinidade. Tudo isso permite concluir que é entre oportunismo e oportunidade que a nova forma de vida emerge nos variados textos/discursos: ora o ator homem “do lar” assume o novo papel e a nova forma de vida mediante uma “visada estratégica”, isto é, em benefício próprio; ora os assume tão-somente de maneira provisória, mediante uma situação circunstancial, como o desemprego; ora os assume de maneira tímida, “secreta”, ainda dominado pela “vergonha”; ora finalmente os assume de maneira comprometida, engajada, abrindo efetivamente espaço para a problematização dos chamados papéis e práticas de gênero, bem como para a eficaz consolidação de uma nova forma de vida doméstica, quiçá desvinculada do ator feminino, livre das valorações negativas e inteiramente aberta a flutuações identitárias não mais definidas exclusivamente pela oposição entre “feminino” e “masculino”. Palavras-chave: Semiótica francesa. Forma de vida. Ator homem “do lar”. Cultura brasileira. ABSTRACT After the remarkable spread of the actorial figure “househusband” undertaken by foreign media in the past decades, such figure also started to be observed in the Brazilian culture, especially in texts of the mass culture. Although seen as “novelty” – or precisely because of this –, very little attention has been given, so far, to the investigation of this figure in the Brazilian academic environment. Consequently, the preeminence of this examination was understood, and for that purpose, a research corpus was constituted by integrating an advertising text, a book of chronicles, an autobiographical book, an edition of a TV show from SBT channel, three editions of a section of a TV program from Rede Globo channel and an edition of a show from TV Brasil channel as well. In order to study this corpus, some objectives were set: 1) to investigate the constitution of the actantial, the thematic and the pathemic roles of the actor “househusband” and to identify the form(s) of life assumed by
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