Nature: a Recurrent Theme in Wordsworth's Poetry

Home , The Solitary Reaper

Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Int J Linguist Lit ISSN 2616-8677 (Print) |ISSN 2617-3468 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com

Review Article

Nature: A Recurrent Theme in Wordsworth’s Poetry Lok Raj Sharma*

Associate Professor of English, Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Hetauda, Nepal

DOI: 10.36348/sijll.2021.v04i01.003 | Received: 13.12.2020 | Accepted: 29.12.2020 | Published: 13.01.2021

*Corresponding author: Lok Raj Sharma

Abstract

This article attempts to deal with nature as a recurrent theme in William Wordsworth‟s poetry. He is one of the greatest romantic English poets. He views nature as a living entity that is a source of pleasure and education for him. He has given us sufficient heart-touching and beautiful poems that are the enduring treasures of romanticism, but only a few popular poems that reveal the growth and development of his love for nature, his concept of nature mysticism, joy in nature, universal love in nature, spiritual unity of nature, bond between nature and man, soothing influence and healing power of nature and nature‟s teaching potentiality have been taken from the corpus of his vast works under consideration for the study. Most of his poems can be well understood and analyzed through a vigilant consideration regarding his treatment of nature. Keywords: Nature, Poetry, Theme, William Wordsworth. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited.

NTRODUCTION Romantic poetry is a type of poetry that is I marked with the characteristics of subjectivity, William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April spontaneity, depiction of nature, supernaturalism, 1850) was a great Romantic English poet. He was born simple poetic diction, revolt, melancholy and in Cockermouth, Cumberland, located in the Lake veneration of rustic life. The prime objective of this District of England. He was the second child of his article is to deal with the divergent dominant roles of father John Wordsworth, who was a legal representative nature depicted in Wordsworth‟s poetry. of James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, and his mother Anne, who was the only daughter of William Cookson, mercer of Penrith. Wordsworth was Britain's poet LITERATURE REVIEW laureate from 1843 to 1850. Wordsworth is best known Nature is a broad term. It refers to the physical for “Lyrical Ballads” (1798) that was written in or material world along with its phenomena such as collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. “The snowing, raining, winding, clouding, fogging, blowing, Prelude” (1799) that is a Romantic epic and semi- flowing, thundering, lightening etc. It refers to all the autographical poem is considered his magnum opus. living and non-living beings such as animals, birds, Besides these, he has enriched English literature with plants, flowers, fish, insects, rocks, rivers, mountains, his large number of poems like “Ode on Intimations of clouds, snow, soil, ponds, hills etc. The occurrence of Immortality” (1807), “The Solitary Reaper” (1807), such natural things and natural phenomena influences “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” (1807), “The not only the poets, but also influences ordinary people World is Too Much with Us” (1807), “French in shaping their ideologies and life styles. Poets are Revolution” (1807), “Nuns Fret Not” (1807), “The specially influenced by nature. Oxford Dictionary of Daffodils” (1807), “To the Cuckoo” (1802), “Lucy English (2003) describes nature as “the phenomena of Gray‟ (1800), “Revolution and Independence‟ (1807), the physical world collectively, including plants, „To Milton” (1802) and so on. animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the earth as opposed to humans or human creations” “Lyrical Ballads” is regarded the Manifesto of (p.1172) [1]. This definition indicates that all the things the Romantic Movement in poetry. William and events that are not created by humans belong to Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Samuel Taylor nature. Coleridge, Lord Byron John Keats, Walt Scott, William Blake etc. are popular romantic poets of English Poetry is flexible because of its open literature. endedness. It can be interpreted and analyzed from

Citation: Lok Raj Sharma (2021). Nature: A Recurrent Theme in Wordsworth‟s Poetry. Sch Int J Linguist Lit, 4(1), 14-20. 14

Lok Raj Sharma., Sch Int J Linguist Lit, Jan, 2020; 4(1): 14-20 diverse perspectives. Similarly, readers can perceive the world” (p.32). Yang and Zeng [15] think that “he different themes in a single poem. A theme is a crux of regarded nature as his spiritual home” (p.338). Neha an expression in writing or speech. Cuddon [2] asserts [16] maintains that “Wordsworth emphasized the moral that “the theme of a work is not its subject, but rather its influence of Nature. He spiritualized nature and central idea, which may be stated directly or indirectly” regarded her as a great moral teacher, as the best (p.913). Harmon [3] views the theme as “the abstract mother, guardian and nurse of man, and as an elevating concept that is made concrete through representation in influence” (p.1). Huang, Pei and Fu [17] assert that person, action, and image” (p.521). Kirszner and living in the crowded and noisy society, Wordsworth Mandell [4] give a descriptive definition of the theme felt greatly miserable. Only in nature, “he can find and maintain that the theme of a work of literature is its beauty and purity going into his own thinking; natural central or dominant idea. It is “conveyed through the world is his ideal word” (p.114). Almiqdady, Abu- selection and arrangement of details; through the Melhim and Al-Sobh [18] consider William emphasis of certain words, events, or images; and Wordsworth as “a worshipper of nature, nature‟s through the actions and reactions of characters” (p.3). devotee or high-priest, and his love of nature was Nature is one of the vital characters and themes in probably truer and tenderer than that of any other Wordsworth‟s poetry. English poet” (p.156).

Poetry is a popular form of literature. It is Compton-Rickett [19] mentions that it was more musical, more emotional, more obscure, more Wordsworth‟s aim as a poet to “seek for beauty in implied and more figurative than other genres of meadow, woodland, and the mountain top, and to literature. Wordsworth [5] defines poetry as “the interpret this beauty in spiritual terms” (p.308). Rader spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling; it takes its [20] believes that “the poet recognizes a sense of joy in origin from emotion recollected in tranquility” (p.213). nature and a blessed power that rolls through all things His definition emphasizes the spontaneity of feelings, about us” (p.188). Willy [21] talking about Wordsworth and recollection of events in peaceful mood for poetic points out that “nature‟s healing power , which for creation. Johnson [6] views poetry as “the art of uniting some may be merely an outworn doctrine, was for him pleasure with truth by recalling imagination to the help a fact of experience, and the rapture of that experience” of reason” (p.57). He evaluates poetry as an art that (p.283). Read [22] concerning the theme of unites pleasure and truth. Smith (1968) asserts that Wordsworth‟s poetry maintains that nature as “the imagination is “the power that leads us to truth; it is at highest theme of poetry” (p.127). Symons [23] informs once vision and reconstruction” (p.16). For Hudson [7], that Wordsworth conveys the live part of natural truth poetry is “an interpretation of life through imagination to us as “no other poets have ever done, no other poets and feelings” (p.80). He associates poetry with having had in him so much of the reflective peasant” description of life. The description is intensified (p.92). Wordsworth is close to the common places of through imagination and feelings that are the backbone life. Smith [24] contends that “Wordsworth had never of poetry. Malik [8] maintains that “the human heart, any wish to escape from the common places of life; he feelings and emotions constitutes the essence of poetry” accepted them all, and viewed them with a calmness (p.87). and a courage that could never been shaken” (p.13). Nature is superior to humans. Compton-Rickett [19] Views on Wordsworth and his treatment of Nature asserts that “apart from the sanctifying touch of nature, Several critics and writers have expressed their men and women are poor creatures to Wordsworth; the views about Wordsworth and treatment of nature in his farther we travel from Nature, the more paltry we poetry. Parab [9] remarks that “Wordsworth as become” (p.311). romantics urges that a union with nature is what frees the mind from the stir and thrust of its own dark Grierson and Smith [25] consider that “ emotions” (p.1589). Mir [10] asserts that “his heart is Wordsworth had keen ear too for all natural sounds, the enriched in the company of nature and he does not want calls of beasts and birds, and the sounds of winds and to leave its company” (p. 723). Zeng [11] affirms that waters; the soughing of boughs in a high wind set his “he eulogizes nature‟s landscape---pastoral countryside mind working, and he composed thousands of lines full of flowers, trees, birds, sky and streams, he pays wandering by the side of a stream” (p.307). attention to the influence of nature on human‟s hearts” Wordsworth takes nature as a teacher. Legouis and (p.30). For Jabeen [12], “nature is beautiful, enjoyable Cazamian [26] claim that “to him nature appears as a and a source of pleasure for Wordsworth” (p.194). formative influence superior to any other, the educator Khan [13] admires Wordsworth and writes “he can of senses and mind alike” (p.1010). Arnold [27] foresee the future pleasures, or rather the unification admires Wordsworth and asserts that “his poetry is with nature; the thoughts of nature produce a great because of the extraordinary power with which he heightened sense of mental stimulation in the poet” feels the joy offered to us in nature” (p.153). Besides a (p.2). Wordsworth points out the beauty of the nature great lover of nature, Wordsworth was a moralist. The and its harmony. Bilal and Cheema [14] claim that “this same belief is expressed by Compton-Rickett [19] that harmony of the nature reminds him the disharmony of “he is a moralist at heart” (p.311). Mukherjee [28]

Lok Raj Sharma., Sch Int J Linguist Lit, Jan, 2020; 4(1): 14-20 considers Wordsworth “a prolific writer” (p.9). His In the final stage of his writings, he makes the contribution of romantic poetry to the field of English spiritual interpretation of Nature. He perceives God in literature is paramount. Nature and Nature in God. It is known as the stage of Pantheism. This faith is expressed in the poem “Tintern Representation of Nature in Wordsworth’s poetry Abbey”: The poet presents Nature in divergent ways in A motion and a spirit, that impels his poetry. He views Nature as a source of love, All thinking things, all objects of all thought, perpetual joy, soothing and healing power, knowledge And rolls through all things. (Lines: 102-104) and spirituality. Nature and God become one for him. He believes that Nature is the Universal Spirit guiding The poet observes that the waves in the lake anyone who like to be guided by her. are dancing, but the daffodils excell the dancing waves in their merriment. He feels happy in such a delightful The poet in his boyish days looked upon company. These lines of the poem “Daffodils” present Nature as a source and scene for animal pleasure like Nature as a source of perpetual joy. skating, riding, fishing and walking. His first love was The waves beside them danced; but they his romantic passion for Nature as he describes in Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: “Tintern Abbey”: A poet could not but be gay, The coarser pleasure of my boyish days, In such a jocund company: (Lines: 13-16) And their glad animal movements (Lines: 73-74) The poet mentions that whenever he is in a In “The Prelude Book VIII”, the poet in this early stage thoughtful mood, the daffodils flash upon his inward portrays Nature as: eye and bestow his heart with pleasure. He expresses: But secondary to my own pursuits And then my heart with pleasure fills, And animal activities, and all And dances with the daffodils. (Lines: 23-24) Their trivial pleasures (Lines: 344-346) The poet is highly influenced by seeing the In the second stage, he develops a passion for sensuous beautiful flower daisy. The flower seems cheerful and beauty of Nature. He views Nature with a purely fresh in the morning ray. He describes the flower as physical passion and he finds himself in close “alert and gay”. His spirits play with familial happiness communion with Nature, as he mentions in “The that he mentions in the poem “To the Daisy” as: Prelude Book II”: Fresh smitten by the morning ray, The mind lay open to a more exact When thou art up, alert and gay, And close communion. (Lines: 302-303) Then, cheerful Flower! my spirits play With kindred gladness: (Lines: 57-60) He goes on describing how during this period Nature becomes the object of a passion. “In Tintern The poet considers Nature being an eternal Abbey”, he writes: source of joy. Although Lucy is no longer alive in I cannot paint, earthly terms, the poet believes that she will still What then I was. The sounding cataract experience “vital feelings of delight” as she grows up Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock, into her “stately height” and into maturity. Wherever The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood, she is, wherever Nature has taken her, she will continue Their colors and their forms (Lines: 77-81) to grow up there, with all feelings of life and vitality. He resolves to give these thoughts to Lucy daily, so that As the poet sees the French Revolution and even though she exists in a different realm from his human sufferings, they make him realize the dignity of reality, they will together live here in this happy valley. the common folk. Then his love of Nature becomes He expresses this belief in the poem “Three Years She linked with the love of man. He can hear the music of Grew in Sun and Shower” as: humanity in Nature, as he asserts in “Tintern Abbey”: And vital feelings of delight The still sad music of humanity, Shall rear her form to stately height, Nor harsh nor grating, though of ample power Her virgin bosom swell; To chasten and subdue. (Lines: 93-95) Such thoughts to Lucy I will give While she and I together live He composes “Ode on Intimations of Here in this happy dell. (Lines: 31-36) Immortality” in this stage to reflect human-heartedness. He affirms: The poet reveals his belief in the “To My The Clouds that gather round the setting sun Sister" that he recognized a sense of joy in Nature with Do take a sober coloring from an eye the blessing power. He looks around and takes in all the That hath kept watch o'er man's mortality; “blessings in the air.” The world seemed affluent to Another race hath been, and other palms are won. him. It is filled with a “sense of joy” that yields itself to (Lines: 196-199)

Lok Raj Sharma., Sch Int J Linguist Lit, Jan, 2020; 4(1): 14-20 the “bare trees” and mountains, as well as the “green T was summer and the sun was mounted high. field.” He describes: Along the south the uplands feebly glared There is a blessing in the air, Through a pale steam, and all the northern downs Which seems a sense of joy to yield In clearer air ascending shewed far off To the bare trees, and mountains bare, Their surfaces with shadows dappled o‟er And grass in the green field. (Lines: 5-8) Of deep embattled clouds (Lines: 1-6)

The poet expresses his belief that every flower In the “Poetical Works” (1849-1850), he reflects the rejoiced the air it breathed. He writes in the “Lines spirit of June into a couplet as given below: Written in Early Spring” as: Flaunting Summer when he throws And ‟tis my faith that every flower His soul into the briar rose. (Lines: 85-86) Enjoys the air it breathes. (Lines 11-12) Wordsworth is not only a keen observer, but In the “Lines Written in Early Spring”, he he is also a sharp hearer of Nature. In the poem “The perceives that even the birds and the budding twigs are Solitary Reaper”, he mentions the voice of a singing enjoying the air in the lap of Nature. girl in the field: And I must think, do all I can, A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard That there was pleasure there. (Lines: 19-20) In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas The poet feels great joy when he sees a Among the farthest Hebrides. (Lines: 13-16) rainbow in the sky. He used to enjoy a lot when he saw it in the sky in his childhood. In his short poem “My Wordsworth views Nature as a living entity. Heart Leaps up When I Behold”, he states: The indwelling spirit in Nature imparts its own My heart leaps up when I behold consciousness to all objects. The poet describes the sea, A rainbow in the sky: (Lines: 1-2) the moon, the winds and flowers using personification in the poem “The World is Too Much with Us”: The poet realizes that love comes from the This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon; earth to humankind and goes back to the earth again. It The winds that will be howling at all hours, is a persistent cycle that everyone should accept and And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers; (Lines: behave in the best they can. This association of love is 5-7) emphasized through the repetition of the prepositional phrase “from….” as in the poem “To My Sister”: He claims that he sees the things feel as he writes in the Love, now a universal birth, poem “The Prelude Book III”: From heart to heart is stealing, To every natural form, rock, fruit, and flower, From earth to man, from man to earth: Even the loose stones that cover the highway It is the hour of feeling. (Lines: 21-24) I gave a moral life: I saw them feel. (Lines: 98-100)

Wordsworth makes wonderful descriptions of His believes that all the objects of Nature are divergent aspects of Nature in his poetry. He has given sentient beings. His faith is clearly expressed in “Lines delicate and subtle expression to the sensuous glee of Written in Early Spring”: the world of Nature. He feels the joy of spring in the And this is my faith that every flower poem “It was April Morning: Fresh and clear”. He Enjoys the air it breathes. (Lines: 11-12) expresses: It was an April morning: fresh and clear His belief in the inner life of Nature is also The Rivulet, delighting in its strength, maintained in “The Prelude Book I”. Once he steals a Ran with a young man's speed; and yet the voice bird from the trap of a boy, he hears a voice among the Of waters which the winter had supplied solitary hills: Was softened down into a vernal tone. (Lines: 1-5) I heard among the solitary hills Low breathings coming after me, and sounds He describes Nature in his Prelude Book II beautifully: Of undistinguishable motion, steps The calm Almost as silent as the turf they trod. (Lines: 59-62) And dead still water lay upon my mind Even with a weight of pleasure, and the sky He realizes a grim shape walking after him Never before so beautiful, sank down when he steals a boat to explore the silent lake in the Into my heart, and held me like a dream (Lines: 177- evening. He feels as if a huge peak uprears its head as 181) he expresses in “The Extract from the Prelude”: And growing still in stature the grim shape He describes all the little graces and charms of Towered up between me and the stars, and still, a summer day vividly in the poem “The Ruined For so it seemed, with the purpose of its own Cottage”. He describes: And measured motion like a living thing ,

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Strode after me. (Lines: 25-29) In hours of weariness, sensations sweet, Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart; The poet believes that Nature has a soothing as And passing even into my purer mind well as healing power with which She can soothe and With tranquil restoration: (Lines 23-31) heal the suffering folks. The poet asserts that Nature as Mother would nurture Lucy very well. Lucy will be Wordsworth views Nature as a universal playful and merry like a young deer with that wild and teacher. He replies his friend Matthew that the bookish tame less joy. She will be full of energy to go high up knowledge does not satisfy him. It can‟t satisfy his will. as the water spring on top of the mountain; a source of a A person sees, hears, and feels what is around him, river. She will possess that gentle breeze that would act whether he wants to or not, But Nature speaks to him in as a soothing and healing balm for her wounds. She will the way he likes. The poet in “Expostulation and also learn to be silent and calm with the silent inanimate Reply” says: objects of Nature. In “Three Years She Grew Up in Sun The eye--it cannot choose but see; and Shower‟, the poet maintains: We cannot bid the ear be still; She shall be sportive as the fawn Our bodies feel, where'er they be, That wild with glee across the lawn Against or with our will. (Lines: 17-20) Or up the mountain springs; And hers shall be the breathing balm, He further asserts a person's intuition; his God- And hers the silence and the calm given inner voice speaks to him, feeding his mind as Of mute insensate things. (Lines: 13-18) Nature does. Thus, a man can learn in the thoughtful mood. He maintains: Martha Ray Kills her baby because she is Nor less I deem that there are Powers betrayed by her lover. She goes to the place all the time, Which of themselves our minds impress; both in the day and at night and in all kinds of weather. That we can feed this mind of ours She always recalls her infant with a sense of agony, In a wise passiveness. (Lines: 21-24) regret and suffering: Nature, the true shelter of Martha, hopefully sympathizes passionately with her love and The poet tells his friend Matthew that books suffering. In “The Thorn”, he expresses: are dull and tedious. Rather than reading, he should And she is known to every star venture outside to where the linnet and the throstle are And every wind that blows, (Lines: 69-70) singing beautiful songs containing more wisdom than any book. Nature has more to teach than books, and that The poet mentions that even a cruel person and he should go outside rather than seek refuge in dry a sinner go to Nature for solace. In the poem “Peter pages. He suggests this in “The Tables Turned” by Bell”, he describes Peter Bell as a hard-hearted sinner. stating: He goes to Nature and spends time. He is unknowingly Come forth into the light of things, affected by the softening influence of nature. Let Nature be your teacher. (Lines: 15-16) At noon, when by the forest‟s edge He lay beneath the branches high (Lines: 261-262) The poet asks his friend to leave his books and go out into the open area. He can learn more about man, The poet establishes the relationship between goodness and evilness from the spring green forests human experiences and the natural landscape. He than from all the wise people. He mentions this notion perceives Nature as stimulus, anodyne and soothing. In in “The tables Turned” as: the poem “The Ruined Cottage”, he states: One impulse from a vernal wood I well remember that those very plumes, May teach you more of man, Those weeds, and the high spear-grass on that wall, Of moral evil and of good, By mist and silent rain-drops silver‟d o‟er, Than all the sages can. (Lines: 21-24) As once I passed did to my heart convey, So still an image of tranquility, The poet suggests that even though Nature So calm and still, and looked so beautiful (Lines: 327- brings humanity sweet traditions of intelligence, we 332) tend to ruin that knowledge by dissecting it. We should come to Nature ready to learn with a heart that watches In “Tintern Abbey”, he recounts how Nature and receives. In “The table Turned”, he claims: influenced him, brought him peace and tranquility of Sweet is the lore which nature brings; mind even when he was in the din and bustle of the city. Our meddling intellect He contends: Mis-shapes the beauteous forms of things; These beauteous forms, We murder to dissect. (Lines: 25-28) Through a long absence, have not been to me As is a landscape to a blind man's eye: Wordsworth believes that there is a bond But oft, in lonely rooms, and 'mid the din between Nature and man. Humans grow and behave Of towns and cities, I have owed to them, into the mist of the interplaying forces of Nature. The

Lok Raj Sharma., Sch Int J Linguist Lit, Jan, 2020; 4(1): 14-20 poet in “Three Years She Grew in Sun and Shower”, he And all the earth is gay. (Lines: 28-29) quotes Nature‟s Voice for Lucy: Three years she grew in sun and shower, The poet hears the voice of Nature in different forms in Then Nature said, "A lovelier flower “Lines Composed at Grasmere”. He contends: On earth was never sown; Loud is the vale ! the voice is up This Child I to myself will take; With which she speaks when storms are gone, She shall be mine, and I will make A mighty unison of streams! A Lady of my own. (Lines: 1-6) Of all her Voices, One! (Lines: 1-4)

The poet addresses a sweet highland girl and All the extracts mentioned above obviously tells her that a very shower of beauty is her earthly indicate Wordsworth‟s literary competence in handling dower. He depicts her association with Nature in “To a Nature precisely and genuinely in his English poetry Highland Girl”. He describes: that deals with Nature as a recurrent theme. And these grey rocks; that household lawn; Those trees, a veil just half withdrawn; CONCLUSION This fall of water that doth make Wordsworth is one of the most influential A murmur near the silent lake; romantic poets of English of the nineteenth century. His This little bay; a quiet road poems depict his strong love and passion for Nature. He That holds in shelter thy Abode (Lines: 5-10) presents her as a perpetual source of joy and teaching. He views her as a universal teacher. He believes that The poet exposes the bond between the she retains soothing and healing power. Moreover, she rebellious Toussant L‟Ouverture and Nature in terms of has power to kindle and restrain the humans. The poet his power with other powers in Nature in the poem perceives her as a living entity and sees a close bond “Toussant L‟Ouverture” by asserting: between her the humans. Nature exists as a recurrent Thou hast left behind theme in his poetry. Most of his poems can be well Powers that will work for thee; air, earth, and skies; understood and enjoyed when we keep on discerning There is not a breathing of the common wind his treatment of Nature. That will forget thee; thou hast great allies. (Lines: 9- 12) REFERENCES 1. Soanes, C., & Stevenson, A. (Eds). (2003). Oxford The poet believes that there is pre-existing dictionary of English (2nd ed.) New Delhi: Oxford harmony between the human mind and Nature. The University Press. poet in his poem “The Recluse” points out: 2. Cuddon, J. A. (1999). Literary terms and theory. For the discerning intellect of Man London: Penguin Book. When wedded to this goodly universe 3. Harmon, W. (2009). A handbook to literature. In love and holy passion, shall find these: New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley. Paradise, and groves Elysian, and Fortunate Fields. 4. Kirszner, L. (1991). Literature: Reading, reacting, (Lines: 39-42) Writing. Boston: Heinie & Heinie. 5. Wordsworth, W., & Coleridge, S. T. (1989). The poet desires every day to be tied together Preface to the lyrical ballads. Lahore: Kitab by an ongoing love for Nature in the poem “My heart Mahal. leaps up when I behold”. The phrase “natural piety” 6. Johnson, S. (1965). Life of Milton. London: implies that he considered his feeling for Nature to be Macmillan and Co. Ltd. so reverent that seeing a rainbow was an almost 7. Hudson, W. (2002). An introduction to the study spiritual experience. It indicates his spiritual unity with of English literature. New Delhi: Robin Books. Nature. 8. Malik, G. R. (1988). .Iqbal and the English And I could wish my days to be romantics. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers. Bound each to each by natural piety. (Lines: 8-9) 9. Parab, V. V. (2015). The romantic philosophy in the poetry of William Wordsworth and Samuel Wordsworth depicts spiritual unity of Nature Taylor Coleridge. The International Journal of in his poetry. The spiritual unity of Nature spreads in Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 2 (9), the universe. He declares in “The Excursion” as: 1572-1591. Whate‟er exists hath properties that spread 10. Mir, I. M. (2016). Treatment of nature by Beyond itself, communicating good, Muhammad Iqbal and William Wordsworth. A simple blessing, or with evil mixed; International Journal of English Language, Spirit that knows no insulted spot (Lines: 87-90) Literature and Translation Studies, 3 (3), 722-726. 11. Zeng, X. (2018). On the natural aesthetics of The spiritual unity of Nature can also be noticed in Wordsworth‟s poetry. Advances in Social Science, “Ode on Intimation of Immortality”. He asserts: Education and Humanities Research, 196, 30-32. The winds come to me from the field of sleep,

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