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University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School July 2018 Lives on the (story)Line: Group Facilitation with Men in Recovery at The alS vation Army Lisa Pia Zonni Spinazola University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Communication Commons Scholar Commons Citation Spinazola, Lisa Pia Zonni, "Lives on the (story)Line: Group Facilitation with Men in Recovery at The alvS ation Army" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7366 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lives on the (story)Line: Group Facilitation with Men in Recovery at The Salvation Army by Lisa Pia Zonni Spinazola A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Communication College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Carolyn Ellis, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Ambar Basu, Ph.D. Arthur Bochner, Ph.D. Donileen Loseke, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 28, 2018 Keywords: addiction, grief and trauma, emotions, narrative reframing, autoethnography Copyright © 2018, Lisa Pia Zonni Spinazola DEDICATION I dedicate this project first to my children who through their mere existence give me a why to live, and second to my participants and other men at The Salvation Army who grapple with finding a how to live (Frankl, 1984). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my amazing committee members. To my major professor, mentor, advisor, and friend, Dr. Carolyn Ellis, I offer a sincere and heartfelt thank you for your thoughtful, careful, loving feedback; I cannot imagine having done this without you in my corner, on my side, and just a phone call away. Dr. Arthur Bochner, without you I would not have found my way to narrative reframing, which first allowed me to write my way to new understandings of myself then became the foundation for my dissertation project; thank you. Dr. Ambar Basu, your encouragement to research a topic that was meaningful and relevant, giving me the space to write my curriculum before I was a PhD student, ensured I was engaged every step of the way; thank you. Dr. Donileen Loseke, the passion and enthusiasm you demonstrated for my research project helped me see my work in a new light; thank you. Dr. Rachel Dubrofsky, your careful instruction on how to write well and reminders to explore what the text does instead of looking for the whys or hows, helped improve my writing exponentially; thank you. Dr. Aisha Durham, your office door was always open offering a shoulder, an ear, and warm hug to me when I was in need; thank you. Dr. Keith Berry, thank you for your support, fun conversations, and pop-up dance parties. Anne Copeland, you were the glue, the heart, the reason I smiled on the way to my office; thank you. Leslie Tod, if it were not for you, I would have never found my way to the Department of Communication and fulfilled a dream I didn’t know I had; thank you. Aphrodite Kocieda and Ariane Anderson, thanks for making the first year of grad school amazing! I am grateful for my rotating drinking/dancing/dining group who kept me moving: Karin Hart, Linda Quinn, Shannon Haynes, Mirka Blahuskova, and Steve Ryder. My karaoke crew helped me stay sane: Amanda Coquyt, Keren Moaney, Summer Cunningham, Kyle Romano, and Julie Gerdes; thank you. Thank you gaves for dim sum afternoons: Arielle Keen, Marci Staneart Greene, Tiffany Bell, Lisa Davis, and Krystal Bresnahan (honorary member). Thank you to the squad of our first annual writing retreat, you provided engaging conversation and meaningful feedback: Dave Purnell, Tasha Dunn-Myers, Blake Paxton, and Daniel Clarke. To my many wonderful colleagues and friends in the Department of Communication who kept me going with smiles, hugs, coffee, tea, (sometimes wine & whiskey), and stimulating conversations; thank you all! Bronya Dimas and Athena Cartaya, dear friends who have supported and loved me since I was nineteen; thank you! Pattee Rampt, you gave me moments of rejuvenation and respite at your condo in Clearwater, thank you. A big thank you to Chris Nicely, who as Director at The Salvation Army gave my research a home. I was influenced and encouraged by faculty and administration in the Counseling and Human Services Program at Hillsborough Community College: Kimberly Simmons, Dr. William Day, Dr. Dominick Gulli, Lew Craven, Rhonda Rhodes, Stephanie Brooks, and Marsha Doscher; thank you. Cheryl Daly Jackson and Suncoast Kids Place, through you I found my way to this work. Thank you to my father, Marco; my mother, Susan; and my stepfather, George. I love you and am grateful for the different ways you were able to support me not only emotionally but financially when I needed it most. To my four sisters, Monica, Kayla, Michele, and Chiara, thank you for your continuous support, inspiration, and love. To my kids, my reasons for being, why I work so hard, and how I make sense of who I am, thank you for your patience, understanding, and love as I worked toward becoming “Doctor Mom.” I love you more than words can ever say. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Preface............................................................................................................................................. 1 My Story ......................................................................................................................................... 4 The Beginning ..................................................................................................................... 4 Going Back To School ........................................................................................................ 7 Can’t Get Enough of School ............................................................................................. 10 Switching Course (Or The Road Not Travelled) .............................................................. 11 Putting It All Together For a Doctoral Research Project .................................................. 13 Setting the Stage and Reviewing the Literature ............................................................................ 18 The Salvation Army and the Participants ......................................................................... 18 Men and Trauma ............................................................................................................... 21 Men and Addiction ........................................................................................................... 22 Men and Masculinity ........................................................................................................ 24 Men and Emotions ............................................................................................................ 24 Group Facilitation ............................................................................................................. 27 Collaborative Witnessing and Compassionate Interviewing ................................ 27 Interventions and Strategies .................................................................................. 30 Writing and journaling for healing from trauma....................................... 30 Narrative reframing ................................................................................... 31 Collaborative art........................................................................................ 32 Welcome to Group (Preface) ........................................................................................................ 34 Chapter One: ................................................................................................................................. 37 Chapter Two: ................................................................................................................................ 65 Chapter Three: .............................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter Four: .............................................................................................................................. 125 Chapter Five: ............................................................................................................................... 154 Chapter Six: ................................................................................................................................ 180 i Chapter Seven: ............................................................................................................................ 207 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 230 Agency ............................................................................................................................ 239 Defining Normal ............................................................................................................

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