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Vers Un Nouveau Type De Relations Entre L'homme Et La Nature En Région Tempérée Towards a New Relationship of Man and Nature in Temperate Lands

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Vers Un Nouveau Type De Relations Entre L'homme Et La Nature En Région Tempérée Towards a New Relationship of Man and Nature in Temperate Lands UICN - Publications nouvelle série N° 7 Dixième Réunion technique / Tenth Technical Meeting LUCERNE (SUISSE - SWITZERLAND) Juin / June 1966 Procès-verbaux et rapports / Proceedings and Papers Vers un nouveau type de relations entre l'homme et la nature en région tempérée Towards a new Relationship of Man and Nature in Temperate Lands PART I Impact écologique du développement des loisirs et du tourisme sur les habitats en région tempérée Ecological Impact of Recreation and Tourism upon Temperate Environments Publié avec l'assistance de l'UNESCO Union Internationale International Union pour la Conservation de la Nature for Conservation of Nature et de ses Ressources and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland, 1967 Fondée en 1948, l'Union internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature et de ses Ressources (UICN), dont le siège est situé à Morges, Suisse, est une institution internationale indépendante. Elle est composée d'Etats membres, sans discrimination de systèmes politiques et sociaux, de services administratifs et techniques gouvernementaux, d'institutions privées ainsi que d'organisations internationales. Elle groupe tous ceux que préoccupe le bouleversement du milieu naturel par l'homme, conséquence de l'expansion urbaine et industrielle rapide et de l'exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles, qui sont les fondements de la survie même de l'homme. Le but principal de l'UICN est de promouvoir ou de soutenir toute action devant assurer, sur le plan mondial, la pérennité de la nature à l'état sauvage et des ressources naturelles renouvelables, non seulement pour leurs valeurs culturelles ou scientifiques intrinsèques mais aussi pour le bien-être économique et social qui en découle à long terme pour l'humanité. Ce but peut être atteint grâce à des programmes de conservation visant à une utilisation rationnelle des ressources naturelles renouvelables, spécialement dans les régions où la flore et la faune revêtent un caractère d'un intérêt particulier, où le paysage est d'une beauté exceptionnelle ou saisissante ou représente une valeur soit historique, culturelle ou scientifique. L'UICN est convaincue que ses objectifs peuvent être atteints avec succès par un effort international déployé en coopération avec d'autres agences internationales comme l'UNESCO et la FAO. Le Fonds mondial pour la Nature — WORLD WILDLIFE FUND (W. W. F.) — est une fondation de bienfaisance qui se consacre à la sauvegarde de la vie et des lieux sauvages dans le monde entier. Il fut créé en 1961 comme fondation de droit suisse et partage à Morges le même siège que l'UICN. Il a pour but de soutenir la conservation de la nature sous toutes ses formes (paysages, sol, eaux, flore et faune) ; ses moyens pour l'atteindre sont: les collectes de fonds et leur affectation à des projets, les campagnes publicitaires et l'éducation du grand public et de la jeunesse en particulier. Le W. W. F. bénéficie des conseils de l'UICN pour la réalisation des aspects techniques et scientifiques de ces activités. Bien que le W. W. F. s'occupe parfois de la conduite de ses propres opéra- tions sur le terrain, il essaie, dans la mesure du possible, d'en confier l'exécution à des spécialistes ou à des organisations locales compétentes. Parmi les projets du W. W. F., l'appui financier des programmes de l'UICN et du CIPO (Conseil international pour la Préservation des Oiseaux) figure au tout premier rang des priorités, de manière à permettre à ces organismes d'établir la base scientifique et technique essentielle à la conservation à l'échelle mondiale et à l'élaboration de projets spécifiques. Les autres projets couvrent une gamme très étendue de sujets comme l'éducation, les études et enquêtes écologiques, la création et l'aménagement de parcs nationaux et de réserves, les programmes d'urgence destinés à sauver de l'extinction certaines espèces animales et végétales menacées. Les collectes de fonds et les campagnes de propagande du W. W. F. sont organisées surtout par ses sociétés auxiliaires nationales qui existent déjà dans plusieurs pays. L'autorité supérieure du W. W. F. est le Conseil d'Adminis- tration international qui est composé de personnalités éminentes dans de nom- breux domaines. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) was founded in 1948 and has its headquarters in Morges, Switzerland; it is an independent international body whose membership comprises states, irrespective of their political and social systems, government departments and private institutions as well as international organisations. It represents those who are concerned at man's modification of the natural environment through the rapidity of urban and industrial development and the excessive exploitation of the earth's natural resources, upon which rest the foundations of his survival. IUCN's main purpose is to promote or support action which will ensure the perpetuation of wild nature and natural resources on a world-wide basis, not only for their intrinsic cultural or scientific values but also for the long-term economic and social welfare of mankind. This objective can be achieved through active conservation programmes for the wise use of natural resources in areas where the flora and fauna are of parti- cular importance and where the landscape is especially beautiful or striking, or of historical, cultural or scientific significance. IUCN believes that its aims can be achieved most effectively by international effort in cooperation with other international agencies such as UNESCO and FAO. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an international charitable foundation for saving the world's wildlife and wild places. It was established in 1961 under Swiss law and shares joint headquarters with the International Union for Conser- vation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Its aim is to support the conservation of nature in all its forms (landscape, soil, water, flora and fauna) by raising funds and allocating them to projects, by publicity, and the education of the general public and young people in particular. For all these activities it takes scientific and technical advice from IUCN. Although WWF may occasionally conduct its own field operations, it tries as much as possible to work through competent specialists or local organisations. Among WWF projects financial support for IUCN and for the International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP) have highest priority, in order to enable these bodies to build up the vital scientific and technical basis for world conser- vation and specific projects. Other projects cover a very wide range from edu- cation, ecological studies and surveys, to the establishment and management of areas as national parks and reserves and emergency programmes for the safe- guarding of animal and plant species threatened with extinction. WWF fund-raising and publicity activities are mainly carried out by National Appeals in a number of countries, and its international governing body is made up of prominent personalities in many fields. Vers un nouveau type de relations entre l'homme et la nature en région tempérée Towards a new Relationship of Man and Nature in Temperate Lands UICN - Publications nouvelle série N° 7 Dixième réunion technique tenue à Lucerne du 26 au 30 juin 1966, conjointement avec la Neuvième Assemblée Générale de l'Union Tenth Technical Meeting held at Lucerne, from 26 to 30 June 1966, in conjunction with the Union's Ninth General Assembly Procès-verbaux et rapports / Proceedings and Papers Vers un nouveau type de relations entre l'homme et la nature en région tempérée Towards a new Relationship of Man and Nature in Temperate Lands PART I Impact écologique du développement des loisirs et du tourisme sur les habitats en région tempérée Ecological Impact of Recreation and Tourism upon Temperate Environments Publié avec l'assistance de l'UNESCO Union Internationale International Union pour la Conservation de la Nature for Conservation of Nature et de ses Ressources and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland, 1967 TABLE DES MATIÈRES CONTENTS Editorial Note 11 Introduction par / by J.-P. Harroy 13 — Analyse du problème 15 — Analysis of the problems 22 — Revue des discussions 27 — Review of the discussions 27 SECTION 1: APPROCHE PAR L'ÉTUDE DU FACTEUR CAUSAL — TOURISME ET LOISIRS THE BASIC FACTORS — TOURISM AND RECREATION Evolution et prévisions du mouvement touristique dans les régions tem- pérées: A. HAULOT 60 Local management of the landscape: A: SALVA T 72 Public view of wildlife: N. J. REID 77 Etude sommaire des formules d'accueil touristique à l'exemple de la Suisse: J . KRIPPENDORF 81 Tourisme, protection de la nature et aménagement du territoire en Suisse: G. GROSJEAN 86 SECTION 2: IMPACT ÉCOLOGIQUE DU TOURISME ET DES LOISIRS SUR LES HABITATS ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND RECREATION A. Dans les parcs nationaux, les stations de montagne, plages et régions côtières, abord des routes à grand trafic 97 On national parks, mountains, coasts and beaches, the countryside adjacent to highways 97 7 The ecological implications of tourism in National Parks: F. FRASE R DARLING AND N. D. EICHHORN Le Parc national suisse et le tourisme: R. S CHLOET H 104 Parcs nationaux limitrophes polono-tchécoslovaques: une formule réduisant les effets défavorables du tourisme dans les régions de montagne: W. GOETEL 108 The visitor impact on the National Parks in Canada: J. R. B. COLEMA N 112 Effects of visitor use on the ecosystems of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A.: B. WILLARD SCOTT-WILLIAM S 116 Impact écologique du tourisme et des loisirs dans les parcs nationaux italiens: R. VIDESOTT 118 Développement du tourisme et défense du paysage dans les Alpes: H. GAM S 121 The impact of recreation on the landscape in the mountains of Western Canada: R. Y. EDWARDS 124 Coastline: R. E. BOOTE 127 Public seashores— their preservation and use: R. H. ROS E 146 Public use of underwater resources: P. E. SCHUL Z 153 Ecological impact of products of tourism and recreation on the countryside adjacent to highways: O.
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