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Chicago: Vision for the Future Responsive Transport
Andy Conrad Prashant Desai William Huang Jennifer Lee Systems and Systematic Design IIT Institute of Design, Fall 2008 Table of Contents
i Preface 1 Introduction 3 System Elements 3 Chicagotopia 8 Inhale/Exhale Initiative 13 New Connected Infrastructure 19 Evolutionary Maintenance 24 Transcom Network 29 Delightful Travel 34 Privlic Transport 39 Vehicle Storage 43 Cargo Concierge 48 Operational Excellence for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive 53 Optimized Infrastructure 59 Distributed Information Management 64 Wilde Times: Risk Identification & Treatment 69 Nimble Response 76 Conclusions 78 Appendix Preface appropriate in this year of centennial celebration. centennial of year this in appropriate and timely most is plans”-- small no “Make -- Burnham’sDaniel changes. pressingdictum famous tomorrow’sto structure evolving adapt to wisdom need will Both fabric. urban their into technologies new weave to vision need will Both beginning. the from change for plan China’sto need -- Shenhzen like -- countries, fast-developing in overnight almost up springing now quickly.cities new Entirely stakes. the raised have change of agents the positive, Negativeand possible. is what reshaping are sciences engineering and biological computing, communications, with along sciences materials sustainability.energy for High-techsearchurgent increasingly an forcing resources,energy traditional depleting areVoracious demand. needs energyand supply of patterns established disrupting and trade reshaping are economics Global high. all-time an at are cities the to movement Populationand growth weather.destructive unpredictablyenergizing and climate changing is society.warming and Global ies cit confront constructive, and destructive both es, forc powerful and New opportunities. and problems portentous equally but different face worldwide ies beautiful. and functional both be Burnham’scould that environment an vision, to committed city the Chicago, of Club Commercial the and Bennett Burnham, by Challenged turies. cen 20th early and 19th late the characterized that development uncontrolled the arrest to leaders Chicago’schallenged beauty.Plan Burnham The its for world the around recognized boulevards and parks of necklace a with city green a became way,“citybeautiful”.the the Chicago toward Along movement planned a to growth commercial and Chicago’sindustrial disorganizedfrom development redirected known, become it as Plan, Burnham The Chicago. Bennett’sof PlanH. Edward1909 and Burnham’sH. Daniel of Centennial the marks 1909 Established cities like Chicago must evolve more evolve must Chicago like cities Established cit major later,and years Chicago hundred One ProjectThe “At no period in its history has the city looked city the has history its in period “Atno
- - - - and commodity transportation in the city.the in transportation commodity and personal for ResponsiveTransport:futures possible city.the in nature of role the and front), lake and (river features environmental transport, infrastructure, urban on focusing studies integrated but separate four of composed is project the Overall, forces. social changing and nologies tech evolving fromemerge could soon that or ing emergnow concepts organizational and procedural physical, of variety a examines study this scape, city a for blueprint a in proposed be might as “plan”,conventional a tury.than however,Rather cen next the for possibilities urban explores freely The component covered in this report is report this in covered component The Burnham’swith projectkeeping Inthis thinking, rate now assured for Chicago. Therefore, no one Chicago.no Therefore, for assured now rate the growingat city a of needs the of prehension com full the to rise to unable itself finds takes, under actually he works in expressed as least century.at a man, of of mind quarter The next the of end the before limited and inadequate provemust today adopt to brought be can city the which plans broadest the that understood be moment’sit a let Ratherof consideration. unworthy as dismissed be may idea sive.That comprehen and broadprove too shall adopted be may that plans any lest fear reasonable no be can future.There the for warnings be should past the of mistakes The ahead. enough far Burnham develop.”will necessities greatereven and dawn, to begin will conception larger still a out, carried be can plan particular any before because comprehensiveundertaking; most and largest the to himself commit to hesitate should --Daniel ------i Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Preface experience for team members included degrees included members team for experience Chicago’scities’largeBackground other future. and of study for teams four to assigned were abroad and U.S. the from students graduate Eighteen overcome? be must difficulties what and played be to there are roles What teams? on successfully together work backgrounds academic different and origins tural all? of ness effective the extend to team a by used be methods such can Howintuitively? with dealt comfortably be can than complexity greater of projects in tion informa synthesize and structure collect, to used be methods of tool-kit its can how and Planning “wholeness”reliability?organic of and degree high a attaining and functions many covering possible, as complete as is concept system a that assure to done be can What goals? multiple achieve to together act to organizedare communications and policy,services where processes, cepts products, Complexity. project. development detailed follow-on a for specifications project comprehensive the be situation) real a (in and right own their in ated evalu be both can that concepts system into ideas those integrate and information, the of advantage maximum take that solutions innovativepropose thoroughly,information develop to is project each for goal The problems. planning design complex to processcomputer-supported StructuredPlanning the apply backgrounds, academic different and origins international mixed of deliberately students, graduate of teams which in workshop a is course Design Systematic semester-longand SystemsThe Design. of IIT’sInstitute at course project-based a of results are presented concepts design The The Project TeamProjectThe Teamwork. methods. planning Design Issues Course Course The What is the nature of “systems”of naturecon the is What How do individuals with different cul different with individuals do How
What is Structuredis What - - - - - Miami University of Ohio Universityof Miami FamilyStudiesBS BAPsychology semiotics. and studies media comparative science, cognitive science, political economics, teaching, studies, Latin American and psychology,Spanish design, studies, cation ethnic communi design, graphic design, product design, interior management, business management, gic strate history,marketing, art painting, art, fine in (Oxford, Ohio) (Oxford, Andy Conrad Andy ResponsiveTransport the team: of Members ProjectLeader Team5 and Leader,4 Phases (NewYork City, NewYork) UniversityTeachersColumbia College, MATeaching Curriculum and Island)(Providence,Rhode BrownUniversity BAStudiesEthnic Lee Jennifer TeamLeader,2 Phase California) (Fullerton, University,State California Fullerton BFADesign Graphic (Pasadena,California) Design of College Center Art ProductDesign BS HuangWilliam TeamLeader,3 Phase Illinois) (Chicago, Technologyof Institute Illinois ManagementStrategic MBAand Marketing Maryland)(Baltimore, UniversityHopkinsJohns Sciences BABrain Psychologicaland DesaiPrashant TeamLeader,1 Phase
- - ii Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future In 1983, the House of the Future project won the won Futureproject the of House the 1983, In (1971). ResidentsIts City to Accessiblethe Making Chicago’s(CTA)Getting authority Around:was transit for project published early an these, of 100 than moredevelopment. Among its further to used and cohesively.and thoroughly concepts oping devel for process front-end a is It planning. for sary neces information the communicating and using ing, structur finding, for process a is course, the in taught process planning systematic the StructuredPlanning, Preface The Structured Planning process: phases I through III. through I phases process: StructuredPlanning The it with undertaken been have projects of Anumber Process:StructuredPlanning Planning The Writing Formats Writing The Structured Planning Process (Phases I - III) - I (Phases Process Planning Structured The what needs should the the should needs what what resources can be can resources what what relevant trends are trends relevant what project address? project brought to bear? to brought creating new needs? new creating what are some of the key the of some are what issues involved? issues Institute of Design, IIT Design, of Institute Emeritus Professor Distinguished Owen L. Charles
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lost and fuel wasted in year per billion $7.3 approximately region Chicago the costs rently the Automobile Problemof The transportation. of means primary a as mobile auto region’sthe the on to reliance due continued part mobility.in personal is for This network modal inter world-class a creating and framework this on building by potential full its into tapped yet not Unfortunately,alone. has regionservices the train elevated its with stations 144 to tracks of miles 222 over day per trips customer 500,000 mately approxi serving currently country the in system transportation public largest second (CTA)the is TransitChicago The transportation. in Authority city resource. economic an as and needs basic its both for systems River Mississippi the and GreatLakes the both to connections its of advantage taken always has city the but on, early UnitedStates the of regions western and eastern the between hub railroad central the as itself lish estab to manage Chicago did only Not rail. by later and water on first – country entire the for center transportation a as role its by shaped been has history.Chicago’sits beginning, Fromout its activity through Chicago of development and growth the to When it comes to driving, traffic congestion cur congestion traffic driving, to comes it When leading a be to day,presentcontinues In Chicago component key a as served Transportationlong has ------Chicago’sbeyond. and suburbs into expand eventually could that models as serve ResponsiveTransport transport, solutions regional for solutions provide to project this of scope the of out is it While common. increasingly become have areas urban multinucleated, or polycentric, and suburbs, the to out housing affordable new with along migrated haveJobs populations. density low- and lots, parking vast with box”stores “big lots, land large homes, spacious by characterized phenomenon a region, Chicago the in sprawl urban life with three overarching guiding principles. guiding overarchingthree with life urban of quality the improve to system portation Chicago’sof activity trans and growth the supports ResponsiveTransport mind, in sary. this Keeping neces also is city the through and around move goods and people how of longer-termconcept new a run, short the in addressed be should that lem owner’scar identity.the of reflection a as regarded often are they whereUnitedStates the in appeal romanticized a enjoy also they but drivers, to autonomy of sense a offer cars do only Not 32). 2001, (Johnson transit” in while privacy security,weather,comfort, inclement and and from protection one’sexits, time and to arrivals freedom door-to-doormobility,of terms in vehicle motor private the with compete can transport of form other “No place. first the in options transit public as such options over cars choose to people many so led have that convenience and benefits the account into taking without unlikely seems use car reduce significantly to However,transition major a ResponsiveTransport. Futurefor the for Vision new a build to begin must we that point this from is It wake. its in left problems the and addiction bile today’sto alternatives automo develop to system Transport ResponsiveANew for Vision Automobile dependency has also contributed to contributed also has dependency Automobile While current car congestion and traffic is a prob a is traffic and congestion car current While Chicago’sof future the transportation to crucial is It - - - - 1 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Introduction Planning with stability in mind involves acknowl involves mind in stability with Planning agility.and stability both respect indeed should future the for planning transportation inevitable; is change that in certain is future The 176). 2003, uncertainty”(Giffordis agility of companion the and predictability,is stability agility.of companion The and stability between balance a strike must ning system. sustainable and safe, dynamic, city’sa the throughrespecting past Chicago’sof all citizens.serve effectively to is it if imperative becomes system transport future a in accessibility multidimensional providingresult, a 2007). As majority”(Coleman the of needs the meet to are they if designed be should services and products how about tions assump common challenging changes…are such memory.dexterity,and hearing, mobility present, At eyesight, in impairments minor multiple, involve changes psychologically.these and people Formost physically,change mentally people “withage, and 2007), (Lewis 2010 year the by 50 of age the over be will three Americans in One otherwise. or guistic, lin economic, physical, it be – forms all in system the to accessibility city’sensure the to on part ity responsibil requires This population. diverse richly a of contributions the to success and growth its of all. to accessible and understand nectedness. con such through system the of ownership shared of sense a promotes ultimately and lives daily people’sinto integrated is that system a proposes ResponsiveTransport planning, and communication, technology,as such areas in advances leveraging By cognitive. and emotional cultural, social, also system. the from benefit and to contribute both can PrinciplesGuiding Jonathan Gifford writes that “transportationplan that Gifford Jonathanwrites while generations future and current both Serve 3. much owes environments, urban most like Chicago, to easy city’ssystem the Make transportation 2. but physical just not is city the in Connectedness citizens that so connectedness urban Encourage 1. ------System Elements System anticipated. be should but predicted fully be cannot that time over society and technology in shifts the as well as concerns, environmental other and change climate situations, emergency for preparation includes This 176). (Gifford2003, adaptable. and flexible, sive, respon opportunistic, being requires mind in agility city’swith the planning of history; institutions and artifacts other all and rights, property traditions, routines, habits, customs, heritage, culture, edging Wilde Times, Wilde Management, InformationDistributed Infrastructure, through explored Finally, the through goods and people both of movement the improve to solutions outline Transport, VehicleStorage, The Infrastructure, the through system transport sustainable and effective an for planning continued for bilities possi proposing while maintenance and opment Planning categories. major Solutions for Responsive Transport fall into three ResponsiveTransportinto for fall Solutions Responsive TransportResponsive Inhale/Exhale Initiative, New Connected NewInitiative,Inhale/Exhale Transcom Network, Delightful Travel,PrivlicTranscomNetwork, Delightful Operations and Emergency Management Emergency and Operations lays out solutions for infrastructure devel infrastructure for solutions out lays Operations &Emergency Management Travel Experience Adaptive Infrastructure &Planning and and Operational Excellence, Optimized Excellence, Operational Adaptive Infrastructure and InfrastructureAdaptive Nimble Response.Nimble Evolutionary Maintenance. Evolutionary and TravelExperience. Cargo Concierge Cargo Chicagotopia, are - - - 2 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Delightful TravelDelightful EvolutionaryMaintenance Infrastructure Connected New InitiativeInhale/Exhale Elements: System Related partnerships. external and analyses internal both through plan revised this toward steps executes and coordinates Chicagotopia vision, new this efforts.setting transportation After future for direction and vision establishes that team development strategic a is Chicagotopia Chicagotopia Local Values Align Stakeholders Establish Plans 1... 2...3... Inform Inform Vision Societal Societal Values Progress Measure 3 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 1 monitor traffic • Census information • Manages database of problems and 2 identify patterns • Surveys risks to assuage 3 anticipate problems • Employers • Gathers info about current demands 4 prioritize needs • Risk database • Surveys public opinion 5 implement adjustments • Forecasting software • Forecasts trends and future 6 gather feedback demands • Conference rooms 7 revise approach • Illustrates vision of chicago to • Research and development teams inspire public and other stakehold- 8 establish goals • Working betas for pilot tests ers in the system 9 assess needs • New signage • Collaborates with politicians and 10 delegate authority and Office of Tourism to start shifting responsibility • Public education and announce- policies that affect goals ments 14 evaluate quality of system • Canonizes a revised plan that pri- 22 specify organizational rela- • Test zones oritizes the environment, efficiency, tionships • Measurement tools and respect for Chicago’s architec- tural history. 23 gather data • Convention centers • Constructs text zones to pilot new for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive 24 manage information • Artists (illustrators, renderers) 25 communicate between sys- ideas • Visits to other cities tem components • Develops proposals based on pilot 96 gather and interpret data • Historians tests and consultations 97 simulate scenarios • Office of tourism • Sends directives to involved parties to implement change 98 make predictions • Politicians 99 manage risk • Environmentalists • Monitors effects of change 100 find consensus • Engineers • Adjusts directives 101 revise goals • Urban planners 102 establish action plan • Community representatives 103 assess existing infrastruc- ture 104 generate viable options 105 align stakeholders 106 identify resources needed 107 coordinate activity and budget 111 acclimate system users Chicagotopia 4 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Resources not readily available Setting the Vision • Measuring system quality is difficult Chicagotopia’s vision for the future is informed by both local and societal values. Local values refer to the voice of the people. • Conflict between long and short Intergrated client interface technologies, such as the Transcom term goals Network of kiosks and handheld web applications, facilitate • Opinions may change later and stop Participatory Feedback from system users. Complaints, comments, a project in progress suggestions, and general information about system load and conges- • Expanding means destruction of tion illuminate areas for improvement. Feedback on new concepts nature or current developments also come from Pilot Zones. Pilot Zones are small areas of the city set • Difficult to determine what up as test zones for new system configurations prior to system-wide infrastructure is worth saving adoption. • Bureaucracy and internal politics impede action Societal values refer to the voice of external forces upon the system such as population growth, environmentalism, culture, and technol- • Stakeholders may not agree with ogy. Demand Forecasting pushes the system to become more efficient proposed solutions by measuring population growth, urban sprawl, and usage trends. • Budget issues may impede or Sustainability Requirements and a desire to respect Chicago’s archi- interrupt progress tectural past inspires the system to Prioritize Existing Infrastructure. Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive • May be difficult to pass laws and Prioritizing Existing Infrastructure means that infrastructure expansion regulations will be non-permanent and non-destructive to existing building and green spaces. The Chicago transportation system alsos take inspira- tion from other cities. By visiting Model Cities, transportation planners can integrate the most successful aspects of other transportation sys- tems into that of our own city. Executing the Plan After a new vision has been set for Chicago, action must be taken. In order to smooth out the adoption of new ideas, Chicagotopia makes use of the Alignment Initiative. The Alignment Initiative is a set of moderating and compromising strategies for working with stakehold- ers outside the system. One application of the Alignment Initiative is the use of Collaborative Decision Making and Pre-compromised Proposals. Collaborative Decision Making invites stakeholders to par- ticipate in the decision making process. For instance, system adminis- tration, CEO’s of local companies, labor unions, and community repre- sentatives may all attend a meeting on congestion and how to mini- mize effects of rush hour through schedule adjustments and system performance. Pre-compromised Proposals means that a significant amount of research is conducted before any actions are proposed so that disagreements are preempted and resolved internally beforehand. This reduces time and money spent on proposals destined to fail. As plans are implemented by Chicagotopia, they are measured against Adaptation Benchmarks by Goal Tracker. Goal Tracker software breaks long-term goals down into smaller more manageable short-term Chicagotopia 5 effective execution of its plans. its of executioneffective oversee subsequently and vision strategic establish values, external and internal by driven information gathering By change. create to efforts maximize help to goals between similarities and differencesanalyzes then It plans. Discussion, cont’d Chicagotopia is better equipped to equipped better is Chicagotopia 6 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future her transit experience. transit her shaping and riding about ownership and erment empow of sense a feels now she involved, getting heard. After being not were viewpoints and ions Before making decision tive in participate to Susanallows convention Initiative. the to way her Todayon is Susan device. mobile personal her via incidents and accidents reporting by out help to tries also Shedifference. a making are tributions con her that and heard being is voice her like feels feedback give and work to traveling of ways ent a near be to just apartment current her chose actually She things. these in say a have finally to glad is Susan Scenario Pilot Zone. Pilot Chicagotopia, to the transportation department. Susan department. transportation the to Held in the McCormickTribune the Center,in Held this This way, she can try out differ out try way,can This she Susan felt as though her opin her though as felt Susan and exploratory workshops. exploratory and Alignment participatory participatory collabora - - - - - Chicagotopia 7 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future New Connected Infrastructure Connected New Excellence Operational Chicagotopia Elements: System Related man’sman’sanother is trash treasure.” “onethat notion common the on based is that standards material and programs, networks, regulations, of set a is InitiativeInhale/Exhale The Inhale/Exhale Initiative 8 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 11 identify resources • Standards for sustainability • Regulates material choices for 12 gather resources • Trash-burning fare systems expansion, contraction, and opera- tion of infrastructure that yields 13 allocate resources • Energy-harnessing components minimal negative impact on envi- 22 specify organizational rela- • Multipurpose modular parts ronment tionships • Network of sister cites and indus- • Utilizes public contribution of 26 establish quality require- tries energy/fuel resources (e.g., trash, ments recyclables, compost material) as 30 analyze cost benefit of • Local repurposing projects fare or credits repair or replacement • Greenways • Generates resources internally by 32 gather repair resources harvesting energy created by system 33 recycle or dispose of un- movement (e.g., pedestrian traffic, needed parts vacuums in tunnels, water displaced 38 select substitute by boats) 39 recycle or dispose of old • Creates multipurpose modular parts parts for use across the system 103 assess existing infrastruc- • Shares used infrastructure or other output with sister cities and indus- ture for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive tries 104 generate viable options • Repurposes used system parts for 105 align stakeholders local public projects 106 identify resources needed • Utilizes nature to reduce harm of 107 coordinate activity and output budget 108 modify system 109 manage waste Inhale/Exhale Initiative 9 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Resources not readily available The Inhale/Exhale Initiative recognizes that the Responsive Transport • User access vs. system costs system impacts the environment both in acquisition and expenditure of resources. Focusing only on greener outputs means incompatible • Expanding means destruction of materials are still being introduced into the system. Focusing only on nature or current developments greener inputs means ignoring the mark left on the environment by • Disposal of parts can be the construction, operation, and demise of a transportation system. environmentally harmful Just as breathing in cannot be separated from breathing out, the sys- tem must always operate sustainably in times of expansion, contrac- tion, and everyday operation. Inhale The Inhale/Exhale Initiative influences the Responsive Transport sys- tem from start to finish. Before tracks are laid, routes are planned to showcase the Featured Environment. For example, trees instead of fencing are used to buffer sound and mitigate the effects of air pollution. Additionally, any new infrastructure avoids interrupting existing ecosystems, prioritizing the use of existing pathways before expanding further. New infrastructure also pushes the boundaries of Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Non-permanence, so that the removal of infrastructure does not leave permanent artifacts. All the while, any expansion of the system must meet certain Sustainability Requirements, much like vehicle emissions standards, before plans are approved. This ensures that materials chosen for construction are harmless or at least biodegradable. With the Inhale/Exhale Initiative, the system always begins with the end in mind. Once up and running, the system is partially fueled by Trash Fare, supplied by its patrons. For example, compost materials are used to generate electricity. Contribution via Trash Fare is rewarded with ride fare or credits for future travel. Self-sustaining System Resource Generation harvests energy created by the system’s moving parts (e.g. pedestrian traffic, water displacement from boats, and pneumatic pressure from underground or other enclosed travel). Exhale As the system operates, waste is inevitably be created. Some system outputs are made useful through By-product Synergy, wherein sister industries make use of system waste, to the betterment of both the environment and the transport system’s budget. Waste generated by other industries could also fuel the transport system. Similarly, the deconstruction of system infrastructure is either donated or shared with Sister Cities or repurposed as useful Envirostructures within our own city (e.g., park benches, homeless shelters, bus stops). Lastly, the Inhale/Exhale Initiative minimizes its need to “exhale” at all by utilizing Multipurpose Modular Parts within the system. These “hot- swappable” parts reduce the need to accumulate a large inventory Inhale/Exhale Initiative 10 Discussion, cont’d relationship with nature. with relationship symbiotic new a forges and transportation urban of models destructive old rest to lays Chicago place, in programs and networks, regulations, these With hardware. or seating same the use all may modes multiple Forinstance, future. the in change technology or infrastructure system when waste to go likely will that parts specific of Kinetic Sidewalks Trash Fare Generative Braking Inhale/Exhale Initiative 11 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario bench, now repurposed asapark bench. After exitingthetrain, Amber haslunchonabus the system. by turbineswhichredeposit thisenergy backinto The rush of wind generated by her train is harvested both commutersandtourists. Her journeytakesherpastthebeach,delighting the bus. Her seatonthetrainissameasthosefound dishwashers. by alocal appliancemanufacturer foruseinnew Her rideisfree becausesystemoutputispurchased Olympic Stadium. infrastructure previously usedtobuildtheChicago Amber boards thetransitsystemsmadefrom Inhale/Exhale Initiative 12 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Nimble ResponseNimble InfrastructureOptimized ConciergeCargo VehicleStorage PrivlicTransport TravelDelightful TranscomNetwork EvolutionaryMaintenance InitiativeInhale/Exhale Chicagotopia Elements: System Related travel. efficient and convenient both for allows that options transport of web multi-modal interconnected an is Infrastructure Connected New New Connected Infrastructure 13 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 46 select optimal mode • Interconnected network of vertically • Eases multi-modal travel through 48 conduct transaction for layered multi-modal arterial express park-and-rides, easy-entry bus departure thruways/corridors and “ring roads” stops, free taxis, and other on- demand options 51 signal for departure • Localized “webbed” connections of light infrastructure • Conveniently reduces wait times 54 experience journey and transfer distances 55 make travel adjustments • Protected bike lanes and walking areas • Allows for express travel between 59 move to new departure • On-demand transport services distant points and comprehensive point coverage between proximate points 60 await next departure • Easy-entry stations and stops • Facilitates the coexistence of bike, 61 signal for arrival pedestrian, and vehicular traffic through protected lanes • Protects exposed bikers and pedes- trians from inclement weather • Increases efficiency by offering mode alternatives • Promotes polycentric urban devel- opment which increases flexibility to for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive meet transport demands of chang- ing city • Increased entry/exit points between main arteries New Connected Infrastructure 14 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Expanding means destruction of When Chicago’s mass transit system was first developed, it was nature or current developments primarily focused on movement to and from the downtown hub. • Urban storage of vechicle is costly However, patterns of movement around the city have changed over and insecure time. New Connected Infrastructure seeks to shift the current system • Optimal mode selection for mass from a hub-and-spoke model into a more extensive web of coverage transit can vary while taking into account the strong presence that already exists in the layout of the city’s elevated train and highway system • Communication is not always efficient or effective New Connected Infrastructure is a set of infrastructure adjustments • Far distance to new departure point that connect previously disparate points in the transportation skel- • Long waits before departure eton. This increased coverage is achieved through a combination • Poorly designed waiting areas of infrastructure expansion and multi-modal optimization. New Connected Infrastructure consists of a network of Vertically Layered • Unclear or lack of information and Arterial Thruways and Secondary Express Routes combined with communication hinders travel localized webs of light infrastructure transport to allow for express travel between distant points and comprehensive coverage between proximate points. Specifically, mass transit is broken down roughly in to 3 major levels illustrated below: 1) Vertically Layered Arterial Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Thruways (blue), 2) a lighter and more flexible infrastructure of Secondary Express Routes (red), and 3) On-Demand Localized Services working within specified boundaries (green). New Connected Infrastructure 15 Discussion, cont’d undesirable system output. system undesirable other and noise for buffer a as serve to also but pleasant, more little a experience travel the make to just not – purposes two serves green rounding weather.inclement sur from The users shield to path the over protection retractable with designed Greenways of nature surrounding the enjoy to pedestrians and traffic; vehicular and pedestrian, bike, of coexistence the facilitates system layered a Such travel. local lightweight other and pedestrians, bicycles, for another on space protected and level one on transit rapid both Thruways of system a into rails Infrastructure Connected New Chicago’sroutes. infrastructure transportation major of footprint existing the over vertically constructed are thruways most spaces, green and landmarks, city’sthe preserve architecture,to order In ways. high and trains elevated its of layout the in ence pres strong Chicago’sa has currently transportation Thruways VerticallyLayered Arterial , with infrastructure that accommodates that infrastructure with , and open air on pleasant days but is but days pleasant on air open and protected thruways thruways protected VerticallyLayered Arterial converts these converts allows cyclists allows - - - new thruways are being developed, they first begin first they developed, being are thruways new Loop. the As into downtown heading of necessity the without city the around people get that routes new infrastructure, express of layer second the In RoutesExpress Secondary modes. of tion combina below,any canals or highways, existing overabove pedestrian and bicycle with example, for – modes transportation shared or public to layer one least at dedicating city,always the but of parts different in configurations and modes of ety demands, new and infrastructure existing on Depending • • • • reasons: several for traffic stops. movable with equipped stops limited lanes dedicated on runs transport surface express Brazil, Curitiba, like places in exist currently that models to Similar routes. of development ible flex and adaptive more allow to rail light or buses as such infrastructure lighter on rely that modes with Currently buses have systems for on-board pas on-board for systems have buses Currently weath inclement from protectionprovide Stops physi fluid and easy provide to raised areStops than rather before stop the Transactionsat occur real-time travel information. travel real-time InfoBoards with equipped are and er access. cal efficiency.improve to bus the entering upon Next bus arriving in 1 min 2 Secondary Express RoutesExpress Secondary These stops provide efficient and fluid bus fluid and efficientprovide stops These 4 sec VerticalLayers to provide waiting passengers with passengers waiting provide to with New ConnectedInfrastructure green flow prioritization flow green may accommodate a vari a accommodate may TranscomNetwork using transport using easy-entry easy-entry and ------16 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Discussion, cont’d upon user arrival at stop. at arrival user upon that so Interfaces TransportationSystem the through coordinated and anticipated are Requests area. and time same the within users other from calls on depending private, or shared be may which up pick specific a for calls user the Tolocation). pick-up use from radius mile 1 (e.g., locations pick-up to relative ary bound specified a within anywhere stations major from and to passengers take that fare) system of part as (included services mini-bus and taxi icated Services On-Demand point-to-point includes services transport of layer next the destination, final their to enough close RoutesExpress Secondary of coverage the When Services Localized On-Demand system. the to burden major a not are time over themselves routes express even or nology tech transport in changes adjustable, and movable both is infrastructure of type this Since routes. mal opti achieve to routes adjusting and learning of flexibility the with services expressprovides and Lightweight time. over changes technology tation transpor and adjusted are routes as adapted easily be can infrastructure units, adjustable and able, Since and bypass stops without waiting passengers. waiting without stops bypass and pick-ups passenger anticipate easily can buses that so system call similar a with equipped also stops; request to sengers LaSalle Avenue toOak Street On-Demand Pickup Requested: easy-entry stops easy-entry Secondary Express RoutesExpress Secondary On-Demand Services On-Demand . These services consist of ded of consist services These . are non-permanent, mov non-permanent, are Arterial Thruways Arterial and do not take passengers take not do TranscomNetwork easy-entry stops easy-entry On-Demand Services, Services, On-Demand are waiting are introduces and Intelligent are ------ing optimal flow according to demand. to according flow optimal ing maintain while transport public of convenience and availability increasing by polycentrically develops city the as options transport in adaptability vide of goal The New Connected Infrastructure Connected New New ConnectedInfrastructure is to pro to is - - 17 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario at work. at arrive they when lot share nearby a at bikes their his an in arrives who Johnthruway. for the waits belowHe shields tive and worse getting is rain the arrives, he As off.getting be the at bike a reserves the access to handheld his uses he bus, the riding While destination. town down his to halfway bus the off gets Chuck work. to together bike to John with meet to arranged has and exercise to likes Fridays,Chuck On boards. Chuck and arrives bus The protected. is he doesn’tsince it matter but drizzle to starts Itstop. the in waits and button, pay,request the presses his uses He minutes. two in arrive will is bus next that sees he back, gets Chuck When return. and papers the up pick to home return to time has he that decides He minutes. eight and minutes, five minute, one in coming bus a is there that sees and entrance stop bus the above the at looks and home at evaluations student some forgot he that remembers Chuck stop, home. the Approachinghis from block one about stop bus easy-entry an to way his day,makes every Chuck nearly does he morning. As the in work to way his on is Chuck Intellicard, on-demand minibus, on-demand have already closed over the bike path bike the over closed already have and they bike together and drop off drop and together bike they and on a on Bike Dispenser Bike Secondary Express RouteExpress Secondary picks up his bike with bike his up picks TranscomNetwork where he’llwhere InfoBoard Intellicard protec and to - - New ConnectedInfrastructure 18 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future New Connected Infrastructure Connected New Chicagotopia Elements: System Related development. infrastructure future for plans supporting while infrastructure existing the simplify,sustain to and standardize,together work that guidelines and components system of set a is EvolutionaryMaintenance Evolutionary Maintenance 19 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 9 assess needs Infrastructure Assessment • Provides quick and easy identifica- 14 evaluate quality of system • System components with built in tion of potential problems 26 establish quality require- cues to indicate malfunction • Reduces human workload stressors ments • Combination of human inspec- and error without compromising accuracy of inspections or mainte- 27 monitor system components tors and automated infrastructure nance 28 report observations inspection • Adaptation benchmarks • Aligns short-term decisions with 29 highlight anomalies long-term goals • Open inspection rubrics 30 analyze cost benefit of • Allows flexibility for inspection pro- repair or replacement • Sensors throughout system cesses to evolve 31 identify maintenance need • Periodic intensive testing of healthy • Maintains ubiquitous system aware- 34 make repairs infrastructure ness 36 document repair • Expiration dates for all inspection • Prevents reliance on outdated 38 select substitute reports inspection information 40 make replacement • Leveled reporting and identification • Rates infrastructure status along a 42 document replacement continuum to identify and monitor potential problems early on 72 identify risks Infrastructure Maintenance for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive • Automated robot maintenance mechanics • On-call maintenance crews • Self-healing infrastructure materials • Modular parts • Handheld devices connected to Distributed Information Management system • Maintenance tools with built-in sen- sors • Real-time inventory displays Evolutionary Maintenance 20 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Risk of harm to people performing Infrastructure maintenance is fundamental in influencing the ongo- maintenance ing effectiveness and future direction of a cohesive transport system. • Resources not readily available Evolutionary Maintenance is a set of system components, devices, guidelines, and protocols that work together to simplify, automate, • Measuring system quality is difficult streamline, standardize, and sustain the existing infrastructure while • Conflict between long and short supporting plans for future infrastructure development. term goals • Difficult to determine what As technology continues to develop and automation plays an infrastructure is worth saving increasingly role in daily life, Evolutionary Maintenance combines • Restoring and testing system may the strengths of human and automated maintenance. The goal of take too long Evolutionary Maintenance is not to replace human activity with auto- • System may deteriorate further mation completely, but rather leverage technology to play a support- between inspection and repair or ive role in reducing the burden of repetitive or dangerous tasks. This replacement allows humans to focus more time on tasks requiring higher-order thinking and judgment so that they can make the crucial maintenance • Some anomalies may not fit rubrics decisions that contribute to moving the transport system toward its and go unreported long-term plans and objectives. • Human attention extremely limited Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive for routine “monitoring” tasks Infrastructure Assessment • Maintenance documentation can be For successful Evolutionary Maintenance, it is key to consider not only cumbersome if services are not only meeting current demands but also whether • System maintenance can disrupt each modification, repair, and replacement to the system moves infra- service structure forward to serve future demands. To begin, Evolutionary Maintenance efforts are closely tied to the Adaptation Benchmarks developed through Chicagotopia. Relying on solutions such as Goal Tracker, the system ensures that short-term maintenance decisions are aligned with long-term system goals. When setting standards for inspections, Open Inspection Rubrics are used to capture observations and relevant information. In an effort to allow for maximum flexibility in inspections and thereby support infra- structure evolution, such Open Inspection Rubrics include open-ended components and are periodically reviewed for revision. During inspections, Evolutionary Maintenance provides solutions to provide quick, easy, and accurate identification of potential problems. Malfunction Cues are built into components to assist inspectors in more easily identifying problems that often require meticulous obser- vation; for example, parts such as bolts, lights, or flooring materi- als change color to indicate cracks or other problems that degrade system quality. Shared Monitoring and Automated Inspections work together to further reduce human workload stressor and error without compromising the accuracy of inspections or maintenance. Automated Inspections utilize ubiquitous sensing technology to work systemati- cally through system components for regular inspections. In order to Evolutionary Maintenance 21 Discussion, cont’d Maintenance MechanicsMaintenance components. system automated and workers human between shared are duties modification process, inspection the to Similar infrastructure. surrounding and ronment envi ently,to damage efficiently,minimal with and expedi modifications and replacements, repairs, needs, maintenance identify assessments ongoing Once MaintenanceInfrastructure the by outlined objectives short-term and long- to according needs adaptation and maintenance prioritize and structure infra struggling identify to working by redefinition necessary.as problems potential identify,monitor and address, to continuum a along health infrastructure of tus Identification and Reporting Leveled of system a reports, inspection system other of resultsTo the support future. the in shift technology and demand system in changes as problems potential anticipate take and components infrastructure periodic standards, quality long-term and immediate both meeting of capable is Toinfrastructure that ensure tion. informa inspection outdated on reliance prevent to Expiration Moreover,inspections. detailed long through attention maintain to order in duties tion inspec in off trade and share to inspectors human MonitoringSharedInspections, Automated by missed by may that problems potential catch Evolutionary Maintenance Evolutionary System Biopsies System dates are attached to all reports in order in reports all to attached are dates Leveled Reporting Leveled Goal Tracker.Goal are used in situations in used are deeply analyze healthy analyze deeply System Biopsies System enables system enables On-Call Automated implements rates the sta the rates Inspection and partners ------maintenance efforts across the city and allow for allow and city the across efforts maintenance unified support will materials flooring to doorways to bolts from ranging parts standardizing example, Formanagement. inventory and maintenance plifies Additionally,of introduction the service. to returned be can they use, for fit still are components if services; system to disruption mal mini with thoroughly more inspected be can nents compo these removed When use. system heavy to subject components replaces and removesregularly Replacement Automatic hours. system off-peak during repairs basic on work also and high, be may injury of risk where achieve optimal balance of quality and timeliness. and quality of balance optimal achieve dates. completion jected pro to compared is displays inventory real-time and devices handheld as such systems munication through Timelines establish programs system monitored, and out carried are replacements As processes. Management to information this send and activities maintenance document automatically to tools such of use track that sensors with ded Through deterioration. slow to als materi nanotechnology-based incorporate can use frequent from wear to subject are that sidewalks and rails, beds, road as such Components future. the in system the to introduced are nanotechnology – tem sys the of areas heavy-use in especially – tenance main system of burden the reduce further order In time. over components and modes of compatibility intra-system cohesive of potential the self-healing infrastructure materials infrastructure self-healing ToolTracker ToolTracker, in which maintenance activity collected activity maintenance which in in order to simplify record-keeping simplify to order in and other maintenance com maintenance other and maintenance tools are embed are tools maintenance is another solution that solution another is Evolutionary Maintenance Distributed InformationDistributed Timelines Dynamically Adjusted modular parts modular are adjusted to adjusted are based on based sim ------22 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario these pliers are embedded with embedded are pliers these Since connection. the secure to pliers some uses sole. interior the of wiring loose some of inspection requests that submitted been has report low-level a that sees John handheld, his on mation infor maintenance displayed the at looking While the to information this submitted automatically already have vehicle the in sensors that confirm to device nanomaterials. self-healing to thanks left it of trace no nearly is there although check-up, periodic last its since vehicle this of shell exterior the on developed had that crack repaired self- recently a of evidence some detects John while vehicle the of carriage the under work maintenance MechanicsMaintenanceAutomated use. during surface they before avoided be can problems that so tenance Replacement with removedVehiclesregularly are a supervising is mechanic maintenance system a John,Meanwhile, future. near the in addressed be to need might that problem medium-level to low- a is it perhaps that suggests and days she’sprevious tions in inspected sta other few a at noticed has she hazard potential the in pattern this of note walkway,makes the and of edge the onto ing the from water some is there that notices also Amber replacement. for time is it that indicating green, turned have bolts supporting few a that notes she the of one at looking While by indicated visually changes of way,note entry making the of components different Rubrics, the Utilizing station. the into entry passenger of point at structure station the at looking morning her spends Park.IrvingShe at station thruway renovatedrecently a inspect to is today job whose inspector maintenance a is Amber Distributed Information Management InformationDistributed Waterfall Wall John responds and discovers a loose wire. He wire. loose a discovers and respondsJohn Amber systematically works through the through works systematically Amber from service for inspection and main and inspection for service from Personal Mass TransitPersonal Mass that has been regularly splash regularly been has that Open Inspection Rubrics Inspection Open He uses his handheld his uses He TargetedScanners, Open Inspection Open ToolTracker Malfunction Cues. Malfunction complete regular complete Automatic personal con personal vehicle system. technol Biopsy as a as - - - - . - - discussion. department for up brought recently had inspectors the for tions solu possible discuss to meeting afternoon his to goes he before maintenance regular need will that John’son vehicle more one list only is There part. “confirm”John’ssimple on a action with system the to mitted sub automatically are activities his ogy,of record a Waterfall Wall Distributed Information Management InformationDistributed Evolutionary Maintenance splash patterns that patterns splash - - 23 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Distributed Information Management Information Distributed InfrastructureOptimized ConciergeCargo VehicleStorage PrivlicTransport Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related experience. travel the TransportationIntelligent simplifies the System by driven design interface efficient.integrated more An system the make continuously to contribution user allows and status system transportation of users informs that interfaces interconnected of system Transcoma The Networkis Transcom Network 24 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 48 transaction for departure • Information display boards and • Informs user of departure and arriv- 51 signal for departure kiosks to inform users al time of specific public transports 52 monitor position • Information for departure and • Guides users from one point in the arrival transportation system to another 53 communicate between user and system • Universal cards to standardize pay- • Standardizes transaction methods 54 experience journey ment method to maximize efficiency and minimize inconvenience and confusion 55 make travel adjustments • Card with display to guide users • Hanheld and in-vehicle devices to • Maintains consistency of equip- 56 communicate transfer to ment, interior design and layout users receive/send cruicial information 58 orient to new departure • On-board communication systems • Gets important system status from point for user-to-system or system-to-user handheld or on-board devices 59 move to new departure feedback • Informs system of status through point handheld or on-board devices 60 await next departure 61 signal for arrival 64 transaction for arrival 79 alert system of emergency for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive mode Transcom Network 25 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Difficulty in finding, locating, Traveling from one place to another is not always easy. Without remembering storage points proper information and guidance, it can be a time-consuming, confus- • Optimal mode selection for mass ing, and unpleasant experience. The public transportation system in transit can vary the city of Chicago is made up of CTA trains and buses, Metra Rail, • Communication is not always taxis, and car shares. Each of these modes have different methods of efficient or effective providing useful information to users and different transaction types. The inconsistency in the interface design and inefficient system/user • Payment methods can be unclear communication cause inconvenience and slows down travel. and inconvenient to users • Far distance to new departure point As a means to provide users with a smooth and enjoyable travel • Long waits before departure experience, clear and efficient communication between the system • Unclear or lack of information and and user is a top priority in the transportation network design. The communication hinders travel Transcom Network is a system of interconnected interfaces that informs users of transportation system status and allows user contri- bution to continuously make the system more efficient. InfoBoards, IntelliCard, Handheld/Web Info Interfaces and Onboard Comm Systems are integral components of the Transcom Network. Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive In an effort to minimize confusion and delays, InfoBoards in the form of digital signs and kiosks are strategically placed in every train and bus, as well as in the stations. Systems users who are departing, transferring or arriving can use InfoBoards to check their current loca- tions and departure, transfer, or arrival time as well as location infor- mation. Users can find out exactly when their train or bus is arriving so that they can be more productive with their time. InfoBoards also inform users of construction status, current weather, traffic conditions, real-time position of all mass transit vehicles, and transportation rec- ommendations. Transcom Network 26 Discussion, cont’d platform that utilizes handheld devices and other and devices handheld utilizes that platform Interfaces InfoHandheld/Web off.get to where and when exactly know they that so notice arrival users gives arrow.direction also animated It an with points ture depar to real-time in users guides and information The selections. make to users for sensitive touch also is and text, and effectively.The and efficiently another to place one from navigate easily them help to information system with users the of feature Another users. by traveled distance the of track keeps also card the points, arrival and departure both flow.at traffic scanning up By speeds dramatically and out, them taking and cards their for looking of hassle the from sensor.users relievesa byThis pass users as exit and entry upon scanned cally the in Embedded website. or store, convenience machine, vending a from refilled be can and keep to users for is card The shares. bicycle and car as well as taxis water taxis, buses, trains, including portation, trans public of mode every in methods payment The transits. public inside space precious wastes also but down, everyone slows and users to confusion causes only not system This transactions. making for equipment of types multiple mean also methods payment Multiplecash. and card magnetic card, Chicago the as such available, are methods transaction of types many systems, bus and train current the In Intellicard IntelliCard is a RFID chip that is automati is that chip RFID a is IntelliCard IntelliCard displays animated images animated displays IntelliCard is a multi-channel a is provides travel provides is to provide to is unifies all unifies - - - sibility and convenience of the of convenience and sibility acces the to dimension another add that interfaces Systems Comm changes. emergencyhow or is, user where does, user what to response in real-time in ed Response (see individuals to real-time in instructions and information emergencyrelevant and cific spe distribute to radio and television, internet, boards, public as such channels communication . Information and instructions also adjust also instructions and Information . are vehicle-based personal console personal vehicle-based are TranscomNetwork. Transcom Network Onboard Nimble - - - 27 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario estimated. the that time of amount the exactly took Bob’swork told, to All journey signals. cross-walk pedestrian expected and him, around congestion human pace, his on based seconds 5 and minutes 10 approximately take will walk his that phone mobile via him inform the work, to walks the of out gets and stop, MerchandiseMart the at arrives Bob interface. phone mobile his on time-to-destination and location time System. Comm the via destination to time and location his monitors Bob vehicle, the board On time. ture Transit Intellicard his on arrow animated the references he form, plat departure the to stairs the up walks Bob As Transit a and transaction for scanned cally his entrance, the through TransitPersonalMass on-demand the on-demand ready.get to Bob’sthe needs for he transaction time of amount exact the him leaves this minutes; an reserves and selects Bob 9:30am, until not is meeting first his Because from. choose to modes transportation many has He Bob’soutlined. aremoments, Withinoptions travel destination. this selects and work “favorites”find his to through browses He travel. to like would he where him asks prompt signal. AGPS his to connects network the when detected automatically is home, his destination, ing the into logs quickly and phone mobile his grabs he clock, alarm his at over looking ahead. After week work busy the start to ready morning Monday on up wakes Bob Intellicard vehicle as well as double check his depar his check double as well as vehicle vehicle is reserved to await Bob’sawait to reservedarrival. is vehicle to locate his waiting his locate to Personal Mass TransitPersonalMass pickup drops Bob off at the closest the at off Bob drops pickup through automatically occurs pickup he carries in his shirt pocket. The pocket. shirt his in carries he Bob is also able to monitor his real- his monitor to able also is Bob TranscomNetwork TranscomNetwork. station. When Bob passes Bob When station. on-demand TranscomNetwork Intellicard PersonalMass vehicle. As Bob vehicle. As pickup in 20 in pickup is automati is PersonalMass is able to able is Bob’s start OnBoard had - - - - Transcom Network 28 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future PrivlicTransport Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related journey.the along services offering and paths travel along ronment envi pleasant a creating by convenient and enjoyable Travelingmade is TravelDelightful - 29 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 54 experience journey • Natural elements intgrated into sta- • Provides natural landscape to make 55 make travel adjustments tions and pathways travel more enjoyable 58 orient to new departure • Protected bike paths under railways • Provides safe bike paths point • Waterfall walls on paths • Makes walk paths more pleasant 59 move to new departure • Amenities such as TVs, couches, • Makes waiting for buses and trains point music, lounges, and benches in more comfortable 60 await next departure waiting areas of bus and train sta- • Standardizes interior layouts of sta- tions tions for predictable and convenient • Standardized interior layouts of access to reduce user confusion train stations • Creates new source of income and • Shops, restaurants, cafes, work sta- allows people to use their time tions inside train stations more effectively by providing places to shop, eat and work Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Delightful Travel 30 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Other users affect journey Beyond creating a fluid and efficient transport system, the travel expe- • Uncomfortable journey rience itself becomes attractive with Delightful Travel. By incorporating natural elements, providing year round access to bicycle and pedestri- • Long waits before departure an thruways with protection from the elements, and offering amenities • Poorly designed waiting areas to make waiting time more entertaining in convenient areas, Delightful • Unclear or lack of information and Travel invites Chicago citizens to enjoy the city and look forward to communication hinders travel moving around in it. Waiting for buses and trains can sometimes be an unpleasant expe- rience. Standardized stations for bus, train, and other mass transit stations and transfer points serve many purposes. Enclosed easy- entry bus stops protect waiting passengers from inclement weather, while standardized and predictable locations for useful tools such as InfoBoards helps riders easily anticipate not just real-time travel information but also where they can find that information every time. Likewise, stations, stops, and vehicle interiors with standardized layouts support seamless and predictable navigation that help reduce navigational stress and confusion. Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Shops, restaurants, cafes, and work stations inside stations allow people to use their time more effectively by providing places to shop, eat, and work while also creating a new source of income for the system. Enterwaiting builds on these offerings by providing amenities to waiting passengers, helping the time pass a little more pleasantly should the need arise. Entertainment in the form of television, music, and public art as well as inviting lounges filled with couches and pri- vate work stations all come together to entertain while one waits. When riding on Personal Mass Transit vehicles and other forms of public transportation, personal consoles load personalized settings Delightful Travel 31 Discussion, cont’d the weather, andeven advertising canbeprojected onto information suchascurrent time,travel information, environment. Real-time travel andotherrelevant est whileproviding acalmingatmosphere inabusy fall Wall incorporation ofnaturalelementsincludesa components andpathways.One exampleofsuch trees, plantsandwaterare integratedintostation is sometimesneglected,naturalelementssuchas tal connectionbetween thecityandnature that In aneffort toremind travelers ofthefundamen personalized travel experience. ent conditionsthrough the and preferences forseatpositions,music,andambi Waterfall Wall. in interiorcorridorsthataddsvisualinter Intellicard toprovide a Water - - - - Blurring thelinebetween insideandout, ant daystoallow forenjoyment oftheopenair. ers from inclementweather butopensuponpleas round, retractable protection over paths shieldsus and buses.In order toprovide suchoptionsyear this trafficfrom thatoflarger vehicles suchascars bicycle andpedestrian pathways safelyseparate Delightful Travel protected - - 32 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario ness at a workstation. a at ness busi some of care takes and Internet the surfs Jane eating, While options. food of variety a from select to able is Jane cafe the In reports. weather and news daily the with along projected is information tiful beau a by walks she station, the enters she When nearby a by stop to decides and hungry little way,a the gets JaneAlong round. year triathlon her for train her allows it because feature this with pleased larly She’selements. the particu from travelers thruway prevent to raised weather,are barriers protective inclement during isn’tJanebecause rain. worried nearest the to over bike her rides she area. SquareAs Logan Dispenser Bike neighborhood her from bicycle a rents She ride. bicycle a for go to decides and morning Saturday a Streetervilleon in apartment her leavesJane Waterfall Wall. Vertically Layered Thruway Thruway VerticallyLayered and decides to head up to the to up head to decides and On the wall, real-time travel real-time wall, the On Personal Mass TransitPersonal Mass it begins to begins it station. - - - Delightful Travel 33 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Optimized InfrastructureOptimized VehicleStorage TravelDelightful TranscomNetwork Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related Chicago. in experience travel effective and enjoyable all over an to contribute that ways in together both of benefits the bring to transport private and public of PrivlicTransportnotions traditional merges PrivlicTransport - 34 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 12 gather resources • 2-to-4-passenger public transport • Provides rapid station-to-station 18 enforce protocol cars travel and more personalized routes • Public express systems that accom- through personal transport cars on 44 establish itinerary (destina- system-run public express infrastruc- tion/route) modate public and private cars ture 46 select optimal mode • Private vehicles with public-system compatibility • Personalizes travel experience in 54 experience journey public and shared vehicles through 55 make travel adjustments • Personalized preferences and work Intellicard, which stores and loads orentertainment consoles in public personal preferences (e.g., ambient, 59 move to new departure and shared vehicles point work, or entertainment conditions) to individual consoles on public and 60 await next departure • Car and bicycle share lots dispersed throughout the city shared vehicles 65 identify storage point • Creates private spaces in public 67 put vehicle/item in space areas such as mass transit vehicles 68 secure vehicle/item and stations 70 retrieve vehicle/item • Optimizes flow, reduces driver stress, and reduces risk of accidents when private vehicles are switched to system-directed auto-pilot mode for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive in high-traffic zones • Optimizes energy use and efficiency when cars have capability to opt into system’s express rail infrastruc- ture • Offers benefits of private travel (point-to-point on-demand conve- nience) while reducing user’s burden of storage, cost, and maintenance through car and bicycle shares Privlic Transport 35 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Other users affect journey Privlic Transport merges traditional notions of public and private • Uncomfortable journey transport to bring the benefits of both together in ways that contrib- ute to an overall enjoyable and effective travel experience in Chicago. • User access vs. system costs Through Privlic Transport, public transportation options incorporate • Urban storage of vechicle is costly benefits of private travel such as personalization as well as point-to- and insecure point and on-demand convenience, while private transportation can • Difficulty in finding, locating, leverage the overall efficiency and economy of public transport. remembering storage points • Payment methods can be unclear and inconvenient to users Major express thruways offer Personal Mass Transit with 2-to-4- Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive passenger public transport cars waiting at each guideway station and independently riding on public express guideways. Upon entry, a passenger’s destination is recognized. Since station stops are off the main line, these vehicles run express on central guideways, bypass any intermediate stations, and take passengers directly to a request- ed destination without intermediary stops. Passengers at stations board waiting vehicles that re-enter main express guideways upon departure. The concept is that now vehicles wait for people rather than people waiting for vehicles. Transfers and slowdowns are mini- mized, and service is on-demand. In the far future, for those users who may still desire private vehicle ownership and usage, the system is able to accommodate privately owned multi-mode vehicles that plug into and out of the public system according to need and traffic conditions in 3 ways: 1) inde- pendent navigation on roads (similar to current cars) when users move beyond public system scope, 2) plug-in access to automated navigation on express guideways so that public and private vehicles may share the same express guideways, and 3) automatic “switch on” system-directed Auto-Pilot in high-traffic road areas so that traffic flow is optimized by the system and driver stress and risk of accidents are reduced. Another aspect of Privlic Transport utilizes the emerging concept of car and bicycle shares, a service in which a fleet of vehicles tradi- tionally considered private transportation are dispersed throughout the city and available to the public for rental for short periods of time. This reduces the need for individuals to shoulder the cost of Privlic Transport 36 Discussion, cont’d transportation system. transportation the with engage they time every experience travel personalized a enjoy consistently and conveniently way,can this Inusers work. and comfort, ment, consoles vehicle Intellicard, the through personalized further are experiences travel vehicles, shared small and public all Within see cles, vehi shared of storage about information Formore information. such to access instant have users and system, the by managed and coordinated are tions System the of help the With system. the across shared becomes and reduced is maintenance and cost, storage, of burden vidual indi the use, shared for are vehicles these Since different a at off drop and destination, desired a to ride or drive nearby a at vehicle a out check Intellicard the Utilizing services. point-to-point with needed as use private for time of period short a for bicycle or car a request can Usersownership. vehicle private and the and VehicleStorage. ’s unified pay system, users conveniently users system, ’spay unified which conveniently stores and loads into loads and stores conveniently which TranscomNetwork, personal preferencespersonal Dispenser Intelligent Transportation Intelligent near the arrival point. arrival the near VerticalDispenser vehicle loca vehicle for entertain for - - - - , Privlic Transport 37 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario day. her begin to office her to blocks 3 easy and walks and downstairs goes She station. the exits Amber as passenger new the for readjusted are settings into Amber’ssteps and vehicleimmediately rider vehicle. Athe passing of out steps she where stop station the to guideways central the of pulls vehicle MerchandiseMart, the Amber’sto arrivalUpon work. to getting before email some check to console the use to away,decides minutes she 10 approximately showsbe sole Amber’sto destination con the Since guideways. central the on vehicles passing the join to station the of out zips vehicle console, the On cabin. the inside temperature air the adjusts and position, seat station, radio favorite her senses vehicle The tion. waiting a into and point entry the through walks Amber the to up Dispenser Bike the at bike her off drop to above,decides Amber station thruway a is there Since ride. morning her after tired bit a is she that decides on, Amber als ped Chris work. As to ways separate their go Broadway,and must Belmont Chris At and Amber path. the surrounding trees and air open the ing enjoy and together chatting while miles of couple a under together ride Chris and racks, bicycleAmber their to on bags their ping strap rack. After bag optional an with bike a up dispenser bike closest the to block their of end the to walk Chris Toweather,work. the to enjoy commute and Amber morning their for together home leave husband her and lovelyWednesdaymorning, Amber a On Personal Mass TransitPersonalMass Amber selects her final destination and the and destination final her selects Amber Personal Mass TransitPersonalMass and use their use and on the corner and makes her way her makes and corner the on Vertical Thruway Vertical Intellicard Intellicards vehicle at the sta the at vehicle station above. station , loads her loads , to pick to personal for a for - - - - - Privlic Transport 38 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future PrivlicTransport TranscomNetwork Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related vehicles. locating and storing in convenience provide to storage vehicle vertical of coordination Intelligent Vehicle Storage 39 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 49 load cargo • Vertical construction of parking • Reduces footprint of parking lots 50 secure cargo structure • Rents cars and bikes from auto- 53 communicate between user • Dispersed car and bike dispensers matic dispensers for point to point and system • Automated car parking to maximize convenience 57 retrieve cargo parking space usage • Uses valuable parking space effi- 63 unload cargo • Network of car and bike shares ciently and saves time for users 65 identify storage point • Handheld devices to find car and • Provides convenience of accessing a car or bike when they’re needed 66 conduct transaction bike storage • Provides storage locations for bags 67 put vehicle/item in space • Unified transaction method for car and bike storage or bikes via IntelliCard or handheld 68 secure vehicle/item devices 69 record storage location • Provides a unified transaction meth- 70 retrieve vehicle/item od for car and bike storage spaces with IntelliCard Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Vehicle Storage 40 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Urban storage of vechicle is costly Vertical car and bicycle dispensers are dispersed throughout the city and insecure near train and bus stations. People can these dispensers to rent a car • Difficulty in finding, locating, or bike after they exit a bus or train station. The vehicle brings them remembering storage points to their final destinations where it can be returned through point-to- • Payment methods can be unclear point service options. The vehicle type can be selected from a touch- and inconvenient to users screen kiosk and charged on the IntelliCard, which is a standardized card for making transactions for all modes of public transportations and storage in Chicago. Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive In an effort to minimize land space usage, parking lots are housed within vertical building structures. Automated car parking can relieve the driver the task of finding parking spaces within a parking struc- ture. The driver pulls the car to one of the designated spaces inside the parking structure and exits the car. After scanning the IntelliCard, the car is automatically pulled into a parking space by car elevators. The car is retrieved by simply scanning the IntelliCard again. Amount of payment is determined by number of minutes parked. Countless hours are wasted searching for parking spaces in down- town Chicago. Driving around to search for a parking space is aggra- vating, wastes gasoline, and causes pollution. This problem is solved by using Parking Locator, which uses handheld or in-car devices to locate available parking spaces in the vicinity via the TransCom Network. All parking meters are equipped with proximity sensors that detect the presence of vehicles. This information is sent to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and relayed to hand-held or in-car devices. Storage Applications offer many storage locations for bikes are dis- persed throughout the city. They can be found with handheld devices or the IntelliCard. With a push of a button, the nearest storage is dis- played on a map along with a route to get there. Vehicle Storage 41 Scenario to a nearby a to bicycle the returns Dan restaurant, the to over bikes his using bicycle a rents and nearby a to overtoday, walks Dan workout his complete to hasn’ttime he had Since restaurant. sushi NorthRiver a at up meet to happy he’sthat and is he’she dinner.says for Dan free Dan’sof if friend him a asks evening, the in Later automobile. the return to block the down neighborhood his to over drives Dan store, hardware the from purchases his of all ing unload and parking home. After his near spot ing park public available an to him guides and locates application the neighborhood, his reaches he When ParkingLocator CTAthe accesses Dan home, way his On home. drive his starts Dan needs, he what buying After store. ware hard the to way his on is Dan and dispensed, cally Intellicard. neighborhood a to overanyway, walks ends Dan and odds other few a gather to store hardware the visit to needs immediately.he bulb that Realizing new a buy to needs he apartment, his in lights other any have doesn’tDan Because out. burned as room living his in light main the day,that discoversone Dan work from home Chicago.arriving of After borhood ParkWickerneigh the of resident a is Smith Dan Within a few minutes, a car is automati is car a minutes, few a Within Bike Dispenser.Bike application on his mobile phone. mobile his on application Car Dispenser.Car Intellicard. There he scans his scans he There Bike Dispenser Bike Car Dispenser Car After he After - - - - - Vehicle Storage 42 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Optimized InfrastructureOptimized TranscomNetwork Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related secure. and convenient, reliable, efficient, more services relatedcargo make to System TransportationIntelligent the by enhanced services security and storage delivery,freight and cargointerconnected of system a is ConciergeCargo Cargo Concierge 43 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 47 package goods • Robots that carry people’s cargo in • Assists in carrying cargo with robots 49 load cargo stations while they walk from one point to another in bus or train stations 50 secure cargo • Simple transaction method for mov- ing cargo • Provides a convenient transaction 57 retrieve cargo • Mechanical assistance to make lift- method for cargo assistance with 62 unsecure cargo ing cargo easier IntelliCard 63 unload cargo • Uniform large cargo spaces in pub- • Provides cargo spaces that are easy 65 identify storage point lic transportations for baggage and to access and large enough for suit- 66 conduct transaction bikes cases and bikes 67 put vehicle/item in space • Protected cargo with RFID tracking • Assists in lifting heavy bags into storage bins with hydraulics or 68 secure vehicle/item • Underground tunnel network for spring loading 69 record storage location cargo • Prevents cargo from theft or trans- 70 retrieve vehicle/item ferred incorrectly with RFID tracking • Provides high-speed shipping of cargo using underground tunnels to reduce surface traffic and road maintenance for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Cargo Concierge 44 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Uncomfortable journey In order make cargo-related services more efficient, reliable, conve- • Difficulty in finding, locating, nient and secure, emerging technologies are explored and utilized in remembering storage points train and bus stations as well as underground shipping of freight. • Inconvenience with cargo degrades travel experience Cargo Assistants are available at bus terminals, train stations and air- ports in order to eliminate the pain of people lugging around heavy bags and suitcases. Cargo Assistants are automatic carts eqipped with RFID and proximity sensors that carry cargo. Once transaction is made by scanning the IntelliCard, the Cargo Assistant comes to the user and constantly maintains a specified distance. After the cargo is placed onto the Cargo Assistant, the user walks away and it contin- ues to follow until it is disengaged with another card scan. It auto- matically returns to the nearest standby point to recharge. Multiple Cargo Assistants can be checked out simultaneously if needed. Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive Most people traveling with large cargo do not consider using public transit due to the inconvenience of moving cargo up and down nar- row paths and the lack of storage space. A way to encourage the use of public transits is to provide users with sufficient storage space for their bags, suitcases and bikes on every bus and train. Standardized Cargo Storage Bin designs shared between buses and trains makes identifying them and loading cargo easier. Assisted Loading consists of mechanical loading equipment that lifts cargo with hydraulics or spring loading. It eliminates fumbling with suitcases and may even prevent injuries. Working in conjunction with Cargo Assistants, Assisted Loading makes traveling with large cargo effortless. In order to protect cargo from theft or transferred incorrectly, it is tracked from the beginning to the end of the journey. Cargo Tracking starts with tagging of the cargo with a RFID tag, which is dispensed Cargo Concierge 45 Discussion, cont’d placed on a ramp and gradually picks up speed up picks gradually and ramp a on placed is container The platform. elevating an with nel tun a to lowered and city the throughout dispersed sites pick-up and drop-off to brought are Containers the by city,the belowcontrolled grids in interwoven nels UndergroundFreight underground.freight moving by roads surface on trucks of number the reduce to is tion economically.sense make not Adoes solu traffic, the of one-third than less is which usage, truck for pavement of reconstruction and Construction ments. pave road of life the shortens loadings axle truck Lastly,fatalities. heavy and accidents serious of cause major the are they distances, stopping longer much having and 1 to 40 cars outweighing trucks largeflow.traffic with down Second,slows and space valuable up takes transportation of modes other with shared roads on trucks big with freight First,moving reasons. several for problematic is streets and highways on trucks on Movingfreight Freight via notified is owner and announced is message warning a arrival, at owner the than other anyone by away taken is cargo the case In monitored. constantly is bin storage and cargo the between proximitycargo. The the onto placed IntelliCard. the scanning by bin storage the at device a from Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). TransportationSystem Intelligent The tag, linked to the to linked tag, The is a system of multi-level tun multi-level of system a is IntelliCard, IntelliCard. is - - - - and drop-off sites. drop-off and pick-up of proximity close the to due miles two than greater never truck’sis The distance driving truck. a by up picked and surface the to raised is by controlled and monitored automatically is container each of hour.position per and Speedmiles 100 to up speeds reach can containers The containers. other between in going tunnel, high-speed the into merges container the speed, sufficient a reaches container the propulsion. electromagneticAs with ITS to avoid collisions. On arrival, the container the arrival, On collisions. avoid to Cargo Concierge 46 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario the underground tunnels and while traveling to a to traveling while and undergroundtunnels the into loweredcity. is the shipment of The south just point shipment a at cargo the off drops and order day.same the Ted’s Chicago the up picks Shipping in company a to delivered be to bolts and nuts of order an up pick from to requestAcme a receives Ted’safternoon, Monday early an On Shipping interface. Chicago’sthrough shipments Freight Chicago’swith pleased new ingly exceed handles been Acme’sly has and deliveries Chicago.Ted’s of side west typical the Shipping on companies manufacturing to delivered parts these has regularly and bolts and nuts manufactures that company Indiana-based an is Incorporated Acme UndergroundFreightSystem Transit the have to opt could she bags, many have to happened station. chargingAlternatively, its Jennyto if returns automatically and departed, has Jenny that detects The cabin. passenger the into her with them brings and bags shopping her up picks she vehicle, the boardsJenny When service. the Concurrently,the her in installed sensors proximity and Cargo Assistant the platform, the towards walks she as and them of one on bags shopping her drops effortlessly of line a by greeted is and the Armitage enters Jenny bus, the off getting phone. After mobile Transit Mass a to switch dinner,to for decides Jenny Bin.Storage a in purchases her storesJenny arrives, bus the When home. trip her for stop bus Bus, Michigan to Avenuevia arrived Having purchases. many accumulated has Jenny shopping, of day a avenue. MichiganAfter on shopping go to decides Jenny afternoon, Saturday sunny a On Concierge Cargo Jenny carries her belongings to the closest the to belongings her carries Jenny vehicle. system. Ted’ssystem. arrange to able is Shipping Cargo Assistant Realizing that she is going to be late be to going is she that Realizing vehicle, and requests one on her on one requests and vehicle, follows her by linking to the RFID the to linking by her follows Cargo Assistant Personal Mass TransitPersonal Mass board her board Cargo Assistants. TranscomNetwork StandardizedCargo charges her for her charges Underground Cargo Assistant PersonalMass Intellicard. Express Personal station She - - nation. desti local final its to shipment the delivers arrival its awaiting truck a level, street to up brought is shipment the time. quickly,After on point offand drop side south the Acme’sreaches safely shipment tagging. RFID via cargo the of stability the monitor and shipment the track to able is Shipping Ted’sChicago, of side west the on point off drop Cargo Concierge - 47 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Nimble ResponseNimble Management Information Distributed InitiativeInhale/Exhale Elements: System Related quality andsafetyimprovements forcustomersandemployees alike. teamwork, communication,collaboration,andpartnership. This results in transportation system.It stresses theneedtocontinuallyimprove through Operational Excellence isanessentialpartofmaintainingaworld-class Operational Excellence 48 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 6 gather feedback • Qualitative data collection • Provides more comprehensive 14 evaluate quality • Quantitative data collection picture of user experience in the system through merge of 16 communicate expectations • Periodic “job swaps” between qualitative and quantitative data 17 identify violations system operators across areas of through Participatory Feedback, expertise 19 educate violators Response Incentives, Random Ride Days, Effectiveness sur- 23 gather data • Incentive programs for success rec- ognition veys, and Distributed Information 53 communicate between sys- Management. tem and users • Deliberate cross-departmental col- laboration • Builds common vision and under- 77 educate public standing of system for system 78 process feedback • Decentralized services and admin- operators through Job Swaps and istration 90 evaluate situation decentralized administration • Vertical information system 96 gather and interpret • Builds internal morale and individu- • Decentralized reporting al sense of responsibility/investment through Success Recognition • Lateral relations emphasized through shared reliability. • Encourages cooperation and collaboration through Lateral • High transparency and transient Relations initiatives, Integrated for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive speed and Collaborative Organizational Structure • Synchronizes and Filters system- side information through Vertical Information System. • Integrates work-flow through man- dating Shared Reliability in opera- tional objectives • Connects system and users through transparent information exchange Operational Excellence 49 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Measuring system quality is difficult Operational Excellence is a philosophy of leadership and teamwork • Departments use different resulting in continuous improvement throughout the organization communication and info by focusing on 1) the needs of the customers and users, and 2) technologies empowering employees, system operators, and business partners. • Sometimes responsibilities/ Operational Excellence’s values lie within: quality; productivity and capabilities unclear human development; and efficiency and effectiveness. It stresses the need to continually improve through teamwork, communication, • Bureaucracy and internal politics collaboration, and partnership. This results in quality and safety impede action improvements for customers and employees alike. Active Feedback The Responsive Transport system greatly depends on constant inter- action with its users to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. Transport system users should have the opportunity to contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. By incor- porating Participatory Feedback information, the system encourages users to utilize cell phones and other forms of everyday communica- tion to help system gather feedback such as accident or emergency Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive notification, congestion issues, traffic backups, and other general suggestions. When a user contributes information to the system, they are rewarded with Response Incentive Credits. By providing various opt-in information, system users increase the level of system knowl- edge, awareness, and intelligence, thus contributing to its efficiency and effectiveness. Lastly, system users contribute a great deal to emergency situation awareness. Call & Response is a communica- tion protocol built into system that requires responses; depending on level of importance, response may be more or less complicated (e.g., signature for higher security, simple “button press” response for low security). Empowering Employees and Partners The Responsive Transportation system requires an equally respon- sive and adaptive workforce of system employees and partners. A reflective culture focused on internal institutional self-improvement is likely to contribute more to the city of Chicago. This is accomplished through a variety of ways. • Cross-departmental cooperation and information exchange • Strong sense of morale, contribution, and accomplishment • Collaboration • Encouragement of a work culture that recognizes success A workforce that embodies Operational Excellence actively recognizes success. For example, Inter-Departmental Job Sharing rewards those who work together and actively find a way to share responsibility. Operational Excellence 50 Discussion, cont’d workforce and always strives to create capacities create to strives always and workforce staffed human a of contributions under-valuethe never system the that imperative is it initiatives, “human-free”technology,other automation, and ing forthcom Withworkforce. their of minds and hearts the in accomplishment and contribution, morale, Excellence embodies that Lastly,system a poignantly,most action. perhaps and making, decision negotiations, internal expedites virtually.and practice physically This both contact closer in are communicate to need who Those ism. interdepartmentalreorganizationtowards strategic responsibilities. and roles of understanding system-wide creates that Reliability cooperation. and competency functional cross- of measure significant a mandates also but encourages only not that culture work system a Relations facilitates practice and structure nizational orga to applied when decentralization of concept The collaborative. and integrated both not is ture struc organizational system the that imply to not is This practices. sharing information and resource employ can structureorganizational Similarly, new a efficiency.operational maintain to efforts in engaged is capacity resources human and power processing available with center nearby a overwhelmed, simply is or outage, ation, situ emergency an by affected be center mization opti any Should hub. single any on placed demand processing the limits system the resources, tion PolycentricOptimization. is decentralization such of resources.example An information and human of coordinationeffective and efficient for allow – management information in as well as hubs administrative and optimization of terms in both – operation of modes Decentralized ExchangeInformation & Cooperation Collaboration, ways. different of number a in defined success and analyzed, and gathered is data tions ResponsiveTransportationopera a system, Within and is a family of work culture protocols culture work of family a is strives to instill a strong sense of sense strong a instill to strives Shared Reliability.Shared Water Cooler Exchange WaterCooler By distributing optimiza distributing By Operational The former is former The Shared Lateral is a is ------only human resources can provide. can resources human only creativity,the requiringthat sincerity,flexibility and Operational Excellence 51 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario and has been able to negotiate deals, make deci make deals, negotiate to able been has and system, transportation Chicago the of partners with together.communicate to Virtually,able is Bob work easily more could they that so members team other his to closer moved quickly was workspace Bob’sweek, last just and interdepartmentalism, reorganizationthrough strategic a encourages pany com The collaboration. and integration emphasize didn’tdepartment his within structureorganizational the if possible be not would success his that knows Bob contributions. his of acknowledgement tinuous con by and financially both efforts his for rewarded is he because appreciated is system transportation Chicago the within role his that knows also Bob success. for other each on rely they because also and sets, skill their pool to get they because work better produce SharingJob that believes He project. similar a on working colleague a with responsibilities job some share to way Justrecently,a found Bob benefits. city entire the better,together work they if because improvement continual in believe improve.They to trying always is and self-reflective very is culture work Their tem. sys transportation Chicago the within philosophy work the understand clearly colleagues his and Bob met. being are users and customers of needs the that pleased is Bob and high time all at is satisfaction user day.that previous means This of number the by morning this impressed particularly is Bob high. extremely is requests information system Feedback to responding Because transportation. freight and mass, private, including domains port trans all across sentiment user system transport summarizes that email via morning every brief a receiveemployees system before. All day the from aggregated review is does he thing first the headquarters, system tation transpor Chicago the within Department Operations the within day work his begins Bob When is incentivized, the rate of response to response of rate the incentivized, is Response Incentive CreditsIncentive Response allows both him and his colleagues to colleagues his and him both allows Participatory FeedbackParticipatory Inter-Departmental Inter-Departmental awarded the awarded Participatory records ------implemented. be can that ideas into turn rapidly to likely are insights these goals, common share they because company,the acrossand all colleagues of variety a knows Bob Becauseimprove. could operations how about insights few a gathered even and deal great a learned He system. the in experiences portation trans of impression first-hand a get to options of series a recently,on so went us, he colleagues his of roles the understand important how exactly knows Bob Exchange the via swiftly action take and sion, . Ride Alongs on a variety of sass transit sass of variety a on Operational Excellence WaterCooler - 52 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Nimble ResponseNimble WildeTimes Management Information Distributed ConciergeCargo PrivlicTransport TranscomNetwork Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related transportation productivity, and enhancesafety. information between travelers andsystemoperatorstoimprove mobility, by theIntelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS facilitatestheflow of The capabilitiesofOptimized Infrastructure willlargely becarriedout Optimized Infrastructure Public Transit Private Transit T echn ol Freight Transit o g y D Optimization r i v e n I n t e l l ig e n c e User Input Dr iven 53 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 6 gather feedback • Global positioning capabilities in • Uses GPS/Floating Cellular/WAVE to 14 evaluate quality mobile devices (GPS) determine transport mode location 16 communicate expectations • Floating wireless signal (wireless • Actively monitors system with beacon) Beacon/VDS/Embedded sensors to 17 identify violations • Wireless access in vehicular envi- gather system operation information 19 educate violators ronment such as cars and trucks • Transmits optimization information 23 gather data (WAVE) and adjustments via DSRC 53 communicate between user • IEEE 802.11 standards in all wireless • Processes real-time system informa- and system hardware installed within infrastruc- tion 77 educate public ture such as buildings and roads. • Manages local optimization and 78 process feedback • Dedicated short range communica- administration via Distributed 90 evaluate situation tions (DSRC) between optimization Information Management Centers components 96 gather and interpret • Leverages artificial intelligence to • Real-time operating system anticipate optimization and process • Beacon sensing hardware control needs and requirements • RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive • Video detection system (cameras, sensors) • Inductive loop technology (coiled wire, rubber compound, radar, laser) • Closed-loop interconnects • Process control/artificial intelligence (centralized signal control) Optimized Infrastructure 54 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Delay between detection, process- The Responsive Transport system of the future contributes to the ing, and reaction amplifies problem efficiency and effectiveness of the system by providing critical opti- • Measuring system quality is difficult mization information in the system optimization process to the private, public, and freight transportation sectors. The Intelligence • System may not have access to information required to respond Transportation System (ITS) refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles in an effort to manage factors that typically are at odds with each other such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption. The Current Reality A Responsive Transport system of the future will need to leverage ITS technologies to manage private traffic on 3,800 miles of streets, at 26,000 intersections, and 2,900 signalized intersections, and 24 signal interconnects (480 signals). Signal interconnect technology leverages video detection systems and sensing technology to make real-time adjustments at intersections. Interconnected signals com- municate via fiber optics, and adjustments are made by sophisticated Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive computers at the Chicago Traffic Authority in the West Loop. Of the 24 signal interconnects currently in place, six use centralized signal controls, and 19 use closed-loop interconnects. The city of Chicago is well on its way to equipping 400+ signals with signal interconnect technology. Future Possibilities While the city of Chicago has already begun to implement state-of- the art traffic optimization technology, truly Optimized Infrastructure requires the implementation of emerging technologies that enables transportation system users to provide the system with information. Private Transit In the foreseeable future, private automobile traffic will continue to be a part of Chicago transport system activity. Real-time knowledge of individual vehicle location could greatly facilitate traffic optimization. Technology is now available that can provide vehicle location informa- tion via GPS/Floating Cellular Signal, or WAVE (wireless access in the vehicle environment) technology. GPS is already present in a variety of mobile phones, and WAVE technology is likely to become installed in all private automobiles as ITS becomes ubiquitous. In the future, GPS navigation technology is widely available, afford- able, and adopted. Private transit travelers wirelessly and anony- mously share their location, starting point, route, and end destination with a nearby Distributed Information Management Center. This infor- mation enables even greater optimization of transit system activity in a very important way. The system suggests routes and alternative Optimized Infrastructure 55 Discussion, cont’d ishment. pun of fear without faster drive to able be should driver a and traffic, no virtually with street a on 20mph maintain to sense little makes it if example, Forpatterns. traffic on based regulation speed Limits informs also control driven demand aforementioned The travelers. accommodate to adjusted dynamically are signals routes, intended and locations vehicle of awareness has system the Because demand. anticipated on based signals fic Controls SignalLimits. AdaptiveSpeed as such of variety a Chicago’sdemand. system of ness aware on depends greatly optimization Successful users. road all for flow traffic optimizes but journey,users particular a expedites only not that activity system on depending travelers to routes are dynamic speed limit signs that change that signs limit speed dynamic are VariableLimits. VariableSpeedSpeed Adaptive Signal Controls Signal Adaptive system flow and efficiency solutions efficiency and flow system and ITS manages Variable change traf change SPEED LIMIT 15 SPEED LIMIT 30 - - - the congested road. congested the on staying for charge monetary a pay must they to due comply to encouraged are Drivers route. alternate an take to drivers incentivizes system the tion, conges heavy travelers. of Alternatively,times in hour rush accommodate to reversed dynamically is lane a direction, particular a in demand flow traffic Lanes. execute to necessary information vides pro technology GPS and Surveillance,Sensing, emergency.and congestion, construction, of times ITS ogy in all mass transit transport modes. transport transit mass all in ogy WAVEof technol implementation the requires This way.efficient and timely a in users transit mass of demands the meet effectivelymore to modes tation transpor of availability the coordinate and optimize TransitChicago the intelligently allows to Authority them. for waiting there already is transport of mode their point, departure transit mass a to arrive by monitored anonymously is tion Center.ManagementInformation nearby a with destination end and route, point, starting location, their share ymously anon and wirelessly travelers transit Mass patrons. mini-bus and rail, light train, bus, their for service expedite to efforts in technology aforementioned all leverage also they system, transportation greater the Authority.of CTApart Because also are entities ITS Transit Mass mitigated. significantly is problem this in-road with spots parking public Chicago all equipping By parking. for search endless seemingly a in around driving visitors and resident by created sometimes Lastly,is traffic city saved. are lives and relieved is congestion accident, an from away or around traffic diverting proactivelyBy emergencies. significant to response logical most and safest the sometimes (see situations emergency in useful particularly also is also enables also can also be applied to Chicago’sto applied be Transit also can Nimble Response)Nimble ITS’s Real-Time Operating System ITS’sOperatingReal-Time For example, should the system anticipate system the should Forexample, Congestion Pricing.Congestion Intelligent Lane Management Lane Intelligent Intelligent Lane Management Lane Intelligent . Evacuation or re-routing is re-routing Evacuationor . Optimized Infrastructure Infrastructure Sensors,Infrastructure If drivers do not comply,not do drivers If Because their loca their Because Reversible FlowReversible ITS, Distributed when they when with the with in - ITS - - - - - 56 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Discussion, cont’d on constant interaction with its users to assess the assess to users its with interaction constant on depends ResponsiveTransportgreatly The system FeedbackActive (see efficiency operational maintain to efforts in engaged is capacity resources human and power processing available with center nearby a overwhelmed, simply is or outage, situation, emergency an by affected be center optimization any Should hub. single any on placed demand processing the limits system the es, Management. of concept the is tralization decen such of resources.example information An and human both of coordinationeffective and efficient, for allows – management information in as well as hubs, administrative and optimization of terms in both – operation of modes Decentralized Optimization Decentralized efforts. tion optimiza inform that patterns the analyze and ate gener activity,can system previousand from learns system intelligent The issues. optimization mitigate Control incorporates strength. computing of amounts cant signifi requires and real-time, in run must system fashion, timely a in adjustments optimization deploy and information activity tem (RTOS). System Operating ITS Brain The the in cargo of movement the adjusting and (UFMS), FreightSystem Management ITS crates. and boxes monitor and stabilize and ing, unload and loading for processes terminal freight their streamline further assets, their track to ties enti management freight enables it as information optimization system to contributes also tagging trucks. of fleets in installed is and ment manage freight in applicable particularly is ment, WAVE, FreightManagement runs on a highly sophisticated highly a on runs the in installed is technology Distributed Information Management). InformationDistributed or wireless access in the vehicle environ vehicle the in access wireless or technology to immediately anticipate and anticipate immediately to technology Artificial Intelligence Artificial By distributing optimization resourc optimization distributing By In order to process sys process to order In Distributed InformationDistributed ITS and Underground Real-Time ’soperating monitoring Process RTOS RFID also UFMS. ------ness, and intelligence, thus contributing to its effi its to contributing thus intelligence, and ness, aware knowledge, system of level the increase can users system information, opt-in various providing a with rewarded are they system, the to information contributes user a When suggestions. general other and backups, fic traf issues, congestion notification, emergency and accident as such feedback gather system the help to communication everyday of forms other and phones cell utilize to users encourages system the incorporating By system. the of effectiveness and efficiency the to contribute to opportunity the have users system Transportsystem. the of effectiveness and efficiency ciency and effectiveness. and ciency Participatory FeedbackParticipatory Response Incentive Credits.Incentive Response Optimized Infrastructure information, By - - - 57 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario he accesses the accesses he car-freeParkhis Wickerneighborhood, approaches Bob 40mph. As to 30mhp from adjust dynamically the possible, as fic traf much as along move to efforts in point, this north. flowingAt soon UpperWackerare of lanes initiates quickly and area, this in roads on demand increasing the isn’tbecause but worried UpperWacker, on worse getting progressively fic traf the that notices Bob 5:45 about collision. At a prevents and down slows automatically car his with equipped are approaching is he car the and car his both Because him. of front in automobile the approaches quickly and road the off eyes is takes he so, does he When Loop. beautiful the enjoy to window his of out looks Bob driving, While Chicago. in signals other all to interconnected are presence. his anticipated light traffic particular this because happens This green. is light the intersection, first his approaches Bob When system. the with mation infor location his share to not opted had he if than home journey faster much a experiences Bob plans, travel intended his sharing By people. of millions journey’sthe optimizing of and coordinating fully because is this everyday; route same the not is Bob to providedroute suggested The home. his to directions point-to-point for gation navi GPS his to refers he garage, smart Boeing the exits Bob When components. system optimizing of by monitored being is journey actual and intended his of terms in location cal physi his office, his left Bob as soon interface. As navigation GPS on-board his to transferred then is phone his into programmed he car,journey his the into steps he When phone. mobile his on interface the into journey his programs Bob office, his computer.leaving this is on he As the on town across shipped be to unit cargolarge a for arranges Bob office, the leaving Before home. a own ily fam his and he ParkWickerwhere to home heads and Loop the in headquarters Boeing at executive shipping a as work leavesJones Bob 5:30pm, At Adaptive Signals Controls Signals Adaptive TranscomNetwork’s Reversible Lane Flow Lane Reversible TranscomNetwork VariableLimit Speed greenway ITS in the downtown the in is already aware of aware already is TranscomNetwork ITS freight interface freight WAVEtechnology, for the purpose the for parking inter parking like this one this like ITS so that both that so signs is care is ------Mass Transit Mass their stairs, the up walk they station. As rail nearest the to them drops mini-bus up.The way,an drive their down walk they as and phone, his on the into journey their programs taking involve will this because excited especially are kids The cream. ice for them take to promised had he that him remind children his car.home, arriving Upon his parking and spot the finding time no wastes and space parking public available an of notified ly with imbedded are roads the Because phone. mobile his on face cargo transport truck is already awaiting is arrival. is awaiting already is truck transport cargo a it’sdestination, of final miles few a within arrives UndergroundFreight the in cargo all of flow the optimize and manage transit, mass on and roads on traffic vehicle monitors Chicago how to Similar is. actually shipment his secure and stable how knows also Bob so RFID, with equipped are ment ship his within town.crates across All destination it’sreach to final shipment the for take will it long how exactly knows Bob trackable, is shipment cargoday. each the Because in earlier arranged had he that shipment cargo the on check to laptop his out takes Bob gelatto, eating are kids his As on-demand vehicle is already waiting for them. for waiting already is vehicle Personal Mass Transit.PersonalMass infrastructure sensors, infrastructure network. When Bob’sWhen network. cargo mini-bus pulls up to pick them pick to up pulls mini-bus Optimized Infrastructure ITS enables the city to city the enables TranscomNetwork Bob quickly Bob Bob is quick is Bob Personal - - 58 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Optimized InfrastructureOptimized Excellence Operational TranscomNetwork Elements: System Related effectiveness. system overallimprove that operations system autonomous and dynamic for allows information of decentralization The facilities. management information of number a across decentralized is information system of distribution and processing, collection, the whereby practice a is Management Information Distributed Distributed Information Central Facility 59 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 1 monitor traffic • Enterprise-class distributed informa- • Aggregates optimization and emer- 4 prioritize needs tion technology gency information gathered from intelligent infrastructure with distrib- 5 implement adjustments • Information coordination, distribu- tion, and translation technologies uted grid computing network 10 delegate authority • Real-time operating system • Processes hub specific information 18 enforce protocols according to priority protocols 22 specify organizational rela- • Synchronization with all system- wide real-time information • Interfaces with synchronized infor- tionships mation database to gain under- 23 gather data • Information filtering and technical standing of real-time activity data management capabilities 24 manage information • Coordinates information and imple- 25 communicate between sys- • Upward information filtering through mentation vertical information system tem components • Manages information needs and 36 document repair • Strong lateral relation maintained functional capabilities for a specific through shared reliability 42 document replacement jurisdiction • Highly transparent to other informa- 71 monitor activity • Intelligent decision making based tion management facilities on priority protocols and the opti- 73 train system operators • Standardized information interface mization constitution 80 monitor and report re- for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive sponse progress • Decentralized archival information • Ensures up-to-date data by follow- database ing Data Cycles 81 coordinate emergency response components • Decision support system with mana- • Creates common business language across facilities via Info Filter 82 update system status gerial qualities • Distributes functional resources 83 erioritize emergency re- • Training and education requirement sponse assessment tool based on system demands and del- egates authority accordingly 84 manage/authorize emer- gency resources • standardizes technical resources across all facilities (computing, 92 prioritize response to vital runctions mobile, telecommunication) 1O7 coordinate activity and • information flows securely via fiber budget optic data connections • in the situation of facility failure, remaining locations absorb juris- diction and responsibilities via polycentric controls • Uncovers data outliers and anoma- lies via Comparative Database shared amongst all facilities • Securely documents and backs up all new and existing system information on a regular basis via Electronic Vaulting • Determines training needs of par- ticular facilities Distributed Information Management 60 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Delay between detection, process- Distributed Information Management is a practice whereby the collec- ing, and reaction amplifies problem tion, processing, and distribution of system information is decentral- • Backup solutions can burden regu- ized and distributed across a number of information management lar system operations facilities. Each of these information management facilities processes • System efficiency can be affected all functional information – operational, administrative, maintenance, while enforcing protocol regulatory and emergency – for a particular geographic jurisdiction. • Communication is not always effi- Currently, Chicago manages all information processing demands cient or effective through a central facility. The Distributed Information Management • Backups can fail system is a network of smaller, information management facilities distributed across the city. Each facility is equipped with state-of-the- art enterprise class distributed information technology equipment. All Distributed Information Management Facilities (DIMFs) share informa- tion processing capacity through the utilization of a grid computing network. Grid Computing allows the virtualization of distributed com- puting and data resources such as processing, network bandwidth and storage capacity to grant system users and system applications access to vast IT capabilities. Each DIMF manages the information Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive processing demands for its particular geographic jurisdiction within Chicago and is connected to all other DIMFs via wireless technology as well as secure fiber optics. All system information is transmitted to a shared Real-Time Operating System database. The Real-Time Operating System is a software engine that collects, organizes, and distributes system-wide information. Each DIMF interfaces with the Real-Time Operating System and database and is constantly transmit- ting up-to-date information to it. All data is electronically vaulted via Off-Site Data Storage. Said data is managed and stored by a third party specializing in the commercial protection of off-site data. Each DIMF operates according to pre-determined protocols. For exam- ple, each DIMF gathers information from the Optimized Infrastructure within its jurisdiction via optimization sensors. This information is processed and traffic adjustments are made according to an Optimization Constitution. The Optimization Constitution enables auto- mated intelligent decision making by managing the implementation of adjustments to system activity. Administrative information gathered, stored, and managed by the DIMFs is standardized and synchronized across the entire system. The system utilizes Data Warehousing technology. Data Warehousing is a comprehensive technology that provides all DIMFs within the sys- tem with access to relevant levels of required information within the enterprise. It is an enterprise-wide framework that permits the man- agement of all enterprise information. Distributed Information Management 61 Discussion, cont’d cessing. pro information non-interrupted continuous, ensure therefore management information Demand-based jurisdiction. non-performing or non-functioning rounding single a where obstacle technical other or outage power a of event capacity.processing the volunteer In automatically neighboring ments, require processing information by overwhelmed be jurisdiction particular a Should demand. on based resources processing information shared distributes The attention. demand that situations regulatory of prioritization to DIMF Each system. entire the throughout information utes distrib and gathers occurredemergency the where jurisdiction particular the for information ages emergency,an of the event the In offenses. other and ticketing includes information regulatory Said processing. nearest the to transmitted are sensors system-wide from gathered information Regulatory diction. juris its within data gathered intelligence artificial remote and maintenance all of charge in also is Each operations. functional all across as well as efforts, maintenance in available is data to-date CyclesWarehouse.Data the to handheld mobile via sent be can request a documentation, maintenance access to needs worker maintenance a that event the In the to transmitted is gathered, once information, Said devices. documentation less wire handheld on managed and gathered is tion documenta and information maintenance System PriorityProtocols Distributed Information Management InformationDistributed responds to emergency situations according situations emergency to responds DIMFs DIMF absorb the responsibilities of the of responsibilities the absorb . DIMFs is no longer functioning, sur functioning, longer no is PriorityProtocols ensure that the most up- most the that ensure with available capacity available with Data Warehouse. DIMF enable the enable DIMFs that man that Data network DIMFs for ------ Distributed Information Management 62 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario system, Javier is not limited to working in a par a in working to limited not is Javier system, the of Because records. and documentation maintenance relevant Management InformationDistributed Javier,worker,the maintenance accesses a implemented, be to needs maintenance When Maintenance other with communicate fluidly to able be is and information understand to struggling time doesn’tJamieany dardized, waste stan largely is information of flow day-to-day the Because time-stamping. by available data recent and up-to-date most the keeps always and mation, Data Warehouse This information. accessible and understandable other the on relies each because Jamie to important mously or information, of database same the share functions administrative capabilities. All output and input all for interface information dashboard standardized a with works employee, system transportation a Jamie, database, information system transport the accessing When Administration signals. trafficrelevant all Management InformationDistributed via implemented and intelligence artificial by made is jurisdictions. decision Acorrectioning traffic neighbor in patterns traffic real-time as well as pre-determined against primary the at gathered mation neighboring tangentially all to distributed also Simultaneously,is information this nearest the to transmitted information This jurisdiction. particular that within the in embedded sors sen and video-surveillance the by detected is issue traffic Chicago.The in intersection major a near occurring is congestion traffic that Imagine Operations Management which across areas tional opera five the describes scenario following The functions. Distributed Information Management InformationDistributed accommodates all archived infor archived all accommodates Data Warehouse. DIMFs Optimized InfrastructureOptimized Optimization ProtocolsOptimization DIMFs. for up-to-date, easily up-to-date, for Distributed InformationDistributed DIMF DIMFs. via fiber optics. fiber via DIMF This is enor is This network for all for network to optics fiber is analyzed is The infor The DIMF ------approval to ticket Jamie. The local Jamie.The ticket to approval receives quickly and network information police the local offense.The this detect sensors and cameras Videolight. red a through flies home, get to rush a in Jamie,work, After Regulation equipment. and er manpow additional deliver and locate and request, local the power,man and supplies additional of need in and Streetervilleneighborhood, the in himself find Javier should scheduling; on-demand to according operate workers Maintenance jurisdiction. ticular responsibilities of the non-functioning jurisdiction. non-functioning the of responsibilities surrounding functioning, longer capacity.processingthis teer Because DIMFs neighboring jurisdiction. NorthAll River the ages the destroy and limits city within explosives detonate to manages groupA terrorist Management InformationDemand-Based (see injury particular his treats that hospital nearest the to transferred quickly is Vinay3) and path, their around diverted been has traffic and generated been already has route their because traffic avoid vehicles gency emer 2) jurisdictions, neighboring of variety a from dispatched quickly are resourcesEmergency 1) ing: DIMFs the of rest the to it distributes and information emergency all gathers jurisdiction this in sensors The Adams. UpperWackerand of intersection the at pile-up car three a into gets he home, driving is VinayWhen Emergency phone. mobile her to directlyJamie ticket to order with available capacity automatically volun automatically capacity available with follow the in results capability This network. DIMFs Distributed Information Management DIMF instantly assess and process this process and assess instantly that manages the information the manages that Nimble ResponseNimble DIMF DIMFs DIMF interfaces with interfaces DIMFs ). DIMF that man that absorb the absorb sends an sends is no is - - - - - 63 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Nimble ResponseNimble InfrastructureOptimized Elements: System Related Safety.Human and Structural, Technological,Operational, include: domains risk Relevant scenarios. risk treats and assesses, identifies, system the how WildeTimesis intellect.” modern thoroughly a shows unexpected “Tothe said, expect WildeOscar Times Wilde Readiness P e r O s p o er n at a io l n Types of a l Risk T e c S h t n r o u l o c g Prediction i t c a u l ral Monitoring 64 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 2 identify patterns • Database of risk patterns • Evaluates risk against system goals 3 anticipate problems • Risk assessment software and objectives 4 prioritize needs • Testing facilities • Evaluates potential severity of loss 5 implement adjustments • Infrastructure mock-ups such as • Determines probablity of risk occur- ance 6 gather feedback model streets or cars 7 revise approach • Off-service sections of actual infra- • Determines potential impact of risk related event 8 establish goals structure • Simulation software • Constructs system mockups or test 9 assess needs zones 15 set parameters • System staff • Practices for combinations of risk 20 identify violation patterns • Staff of Emergency Response Network (ERN) cities • Provides feedback to development 21 re-assess system teams • Engineers 26 establish quality require- • Trains internal staff ments • Construction crews • Trains ERN staff 27 monitor system components • Model makers 29 highlight anomalies • Educates riders of emergency pro- • Additional licensing tests at entry cedures 71 monitor activity points for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive • Runs drills during normal service 72 identify risks • Monitoring equipment (cameras, 73 train system operators scanners, etc.) 74 generate backup solutions • Enforcement staff 75 test and maintain backup- • Response coordination communica- systems tion equipment (to communicate 76 institute preventive action and organize response) 77 educate public 78 process feedback 96 gather and interpret data 97 simulate scenarios 98 make predictions 99 manage risk 101 revise goals 102 establish action plan Wilde Times: Risk Identification & Treatment 65 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Protecting civil liberties vs. monitor- The purpose of Wilde Times is to identify and mitigate system risks. ing the system Dimensions of risk include operational, technological, structural, and • Subjectivity of risk identification personal risk. Operational risks include events such as worker strikes, epidemics, or weather emergencies. Technological risks range from • Cannot establish parameters/ requirements around unforeseen power outages to data pirating. Structural issues refer to physical events system damage, including command centers and system infrastruc- ture. Finally, safety risks include human components such as danger • Patterns are limited by inherent resulting from system malfunction or terrorism. Wilde Times mitigates unpredictably these risks through prediction, monitoring, and readiness. • Adequate adaptation risk manage- ment systems do not exist Prediction Te nal ch io no at lo r g e i p c a O l Types of Risk for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive P l a e r r u so t n uc al Str Readiness Monitoring Prediction Through various prediction and testing techniques, future transporta- tion systems can better prepare for disasters. One such technique is a Variables Database which tracks key factors in prior disasters, such as locations of employees, client demand, weather, or fire locations. These variables then inform a Scenario Testing division, which com- bines random variables to create hypothetical situations for which to prepare. Preparation is also enhanced by consulting an Emergency Patterns Database (EmPatt). This compilation of information from around the world allows the system to continually increase awareness of potential risk scenarios. Monitoring In addition to predicting areas of risk, Wilde Times introduces new ways to monitor for and prevent human risk within the system. In this technological age, data piracy poses a signficant risk. Off-site Data Storage with two-person password protection ensures a copy of critical system information or programming remains intact. Deviant human behavior is also monitored within system infrastructure. Targeted Scanners detects dangerous materials or weapons while Leveled Risk ID monitors human behavior for predictors of vio- Wilde Times: Risk Identification & Treatment 66 Discussion, cont’d risk. personal and structural, technological, operational, ness, readi and monitoring, testing, predictive Through refined. and tested be can concepts safety new that so out Tests for.prepared and Lastly,imagined be can ity Thinktank Pattern the as known experts of groups by levels extreme Previously-mentioned system. the entering before training brief go Licensing new to due protocol risk-evasive low fol to preparedPassengers are them. to familiar already is city the here, assist to called are they when that so hospitals Chicago to roads Chicago on runs MedicalemergencyTechnicians driving practice EmergencyMilwaukee Forexample, cities. boring larger a of part as locations swapped in conducted are cities, other from teams response ResponseNimble system’sthe Because treatment. risk diminish not will situations novel that so readiness practices system the reason, Forthis prepare. not could tem sys the which for situations exist always will There Readiness outcomes. potential and variables, relevant information, current on based action of plan best the prescribes that software Tool(TSRMT) Management Risk the by out carried is efforts monitoring these of coordination The exist. damage of signs no if even intervals, regular at replaced Replacement determined, be cannot risk of However,infrastructure.level risk the when at- on focused are resources repair that ensures monitored. activity.also illegal is Infrastructureother or lence of new risk mitigation strategies are carried are strategies mitigation risk new of Wilde Times Wilde Backup Response NetworkResponse Backup , which requires system users to under to users system requires which , Struggling Infrastructure IdentificationInfrastructure Struggling requires certain components to be to components certain requires so that the unimaginable calam unimaginable the that so components have networked with networked have components aims to diminish all forms of forms all diminish to aims Scenario TestsScenario Automatic InfrastructureAutomatic TransportationSystem , a collection of collection a , between neigh between Scramble Drills Scramble are pushed to pushed are Passenger Pilot ------Wilde Times: RiskIdentification & Treatment 67 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario decades in England. in decades for place in successfully been have systems these safety.personal - for all theory After conspiracy her trade to willing is but reservations, her had Judybehavior-trackingcameras. the by fied identi is behavior suspicious until humans by nized scruti cameras’not areThe protected. recordings is privacy her that knows and safe her.feels She around cameras the Judynotices platform, Fromthe riders. low fel her with along materials dangerous for scanned passively is and luggage her with gates the through now,But walks experience. Judysimply travel safe a ensure to line in hours spending required past the of know.terminals to travel used and she Airports that checkpoints slow,security the invasive like feel TargetedScanner a by Judypasses as she boards the train; it doesn’tit train; the boards she as Waterfall Wall equipped with a with equipped - - - On the way, she hears an announcement that her that announcement an way,hears the she On belongings. her secures and train her Judyboards blanketed around her.around blanketed readiness and monitoring, protection, of layers the of herself reminds she traveling, about uneasy feels she her.aroundwhenever Buttaken being precautions the of Judydoesn’tall time, notice the of Mostemergencies. of case the in systems tion Chicago’soperating practice transporta to cities other of members for way a is drill This Milwaukee. from conductor guest a by piloted being is train Wilde Times: RiskIdentification & Treatment - 68 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future WildeTimes Management Information Distributed InfrastructureOptimized Excellence Operational ConciergeCargo TranscomNetwork Infrastructure Connected New Elements: System Related situtations. emergency to response tem sys unified and fluid a provide to together come that technologies and partnerships, preparation, plans, action of collection a is ResponseNimble Nimble Response 3 1 2 3 3 2 - 69 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Fulfilled Functions Properties Features 22 specify organizational rela- Emergency Planning • Minimizes emergency response time tionships • Distributed/decentralized response • Stores and protects critical informa- 25 communicate between sys- and service centers (see Distributed tion in alternate locations tem components Info) • Expands emergency response net- 71 monitor activity • Prepackaged response plans work and capabilities by building 72 identify risks • Backup response partnerships (con- supportive relationships outside of 73 train system operators tractors and cities) Chicago 74 generate backup solutions • Emergency patterns database • Anticipates potential problems and solutions for more effective 76 institute preventive action • Targeted scanners response by learning from the past 77 educate public • Ubiquitous sensors and from other cities 78 process feedback • Software that uses collected data • Identifies potential risk by monitor- 79 alert system of emergency to identify risks and rate according ing activity patterns mode to risk level (e.g., needs immediate • Activates comprehensive back up 80 monitor and report re- response, warning to monitor) systems as necessary without over- sponse progress • Backup data, communications, and burdening the regular system 81 coordinate emergency coordination systems with multiple • Provides personalized real-time response components communication routes, off-site data emergency information and instruc- for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive 82 update system status backup systems, and capability to tions to system users through be activated gradually 83 prioritize emergency re- Transcom Network interfaces, includ- sponse ing handheld devices 84 manage/authorize emer- Emergency Action • Allow system to locate potential vic- gency resources tims through GPS linked interfaces • Handheld devices and other com- 85 Protect users from immedi- munication interfaces with GPS • Coordinates and optimizes inter- ate harm/danger capabilities to link system and agency response 86 Contain Emergency users • Supports effective human judgment 87 Evacuate System • Info/Action Coordination Dashboard in emergency situations 88 Activate backup protocols • Semi-Automated Operators 89 Initiate Emergency Recovery • Communication protocol requir- 90 evaluate situation ing varied levels of communication 91 assist victims responses depending on importance of message 92 prioritize response to vital functions • Multiple transport modes used to 93 restore system respond to emergencies (e.g., air, water, surface, rail) 95 resume service 96 gather and interpret data 99 manage risk Nimble Response 70 Associated Design Factors Discussion • Coordination between many agen- Nimble Response is a collection of action plans, preparation, part- cies is difficult nerships, and technologies that come together to provide a fluid • Delay between detection, process- and unified system response to emergency situations. While it is of ing, and reaction amplifies problem utmost importance to build an efficient and responsive system for • Public education of emergency pro- everyday use, it is also crucial that the transportation system be tocol not effective capable of equally efficient and responsive services in case of emer- gency. To this end, Nimble Response provides solutions for both • Backup solutions can burden regu- emergency planning and action. lar system operations • Effective operator safety training Emergency Preparation & Planning can be inconsistent • Protecting civil liberties vs. monitor- ing the system • Restoring and testing system may take too long Utilities • System may not have access to Transportation information required to respond Community Services • System may be incapacitated or for the Future Vision | Chicago Transport Responsive inoperable Police • Communication is not always effi- Fire cient or effective • System may have trouble locating victims • Containing emergency may involve risking lives Nimble Response builds on Distributed Information Management • Backups can fail Facilities (DIMFs) and the current model of fire and police service stations by distributing services across the city. All of these distrib- uted transportation and emergency services within each localized zone are housed together in comprehensive polycentric Distributed Service Centers to facilitate inter-agency communication. With emer- gency planning and response distributed across the city and housed together with related transportation and city services, response time to any specific location is minimized without diminishing response capabilities. Moreover, if any particular Distributed Service Center is incapacitated, neighboring Distributed Service Centers are available to coordinate and take over responsibilities as needed. Whenever possible, Nimble Response preparation teams assemble comprehensive Prepackaged Response plans (PpRp). PpRps serve as a quick and robust starting point for easily anticipated emergencies in the city such as weather emergencies (e.g., blizzards, tornados, heat waves), small-to-medium system fires, and system evacuations. These multidimensional PpRps include components such as initial drafts of public announcements, actions to be taken by transportation, police, Nimble Reponse 71 Discussion, cont’d Leveled Risk ID, Risk Leveled action. and planning emergencyimprove continually to order in cases various of failures and successes both of source the with along factors multiple and patterns on based situations various for action preventative helps emergencies,future for planning and tion Chicago’sof part world. preparaAs the around cities other and Chicago in threats security and cases emergency past from information analyze and organize, collect, help to used tool security EmPatt, supports. backup establish and solutions; response possible package and archive, collect, risks; or problems potential identify and anticipate preparations these NetworksResponse technology,sensing TargetedScanners, ID, Risk Leveled Council Response ResponseNimble anticipated, easily not areemergencies many Since time. response in delays reduce to emergenciespredictable for Having ties. utili and services municipal affected for plans tion communica and personnel, service other and fire, 3 Nimble ResponseNimble the 1 Emergency PatternsDatabase, Emergency PpRps 2 3 in conjunction with the informa the with conjunction in 3 makes use of the of use makes and solutions such as an as such solutions and 2 on hand aids in rapid response rapid in aids hand on for further planning. Togetherplanning. further for Graduated Backup,Graduated planners identify possible identify planners ubiquitous Multi-Mode and is a is EmPatt EmPatt, Backup - - - - specific factors). specific on depending potential with but non-threatening monitor,to currently warning response, immediate needs (e.g., needed attention of levelsdifferent to according risks potential rating by action prioritize system. the within patterns activity monitoring technology ing of use the through risks potential identify to patterns activity transportation real-time matches and incorporates by generated tion Examples of Examples situation. emergency given any in access rescue (MMRC)Council ResponseMode ResponseNimble preparation.emergency in aids that ness vide Scanners, Together,nario). sce (see system the through moving materials harmful potentially to security of focus the shift users, specific on searches and scans security focusing of Instead items. threatening potentially of makeup the match that patterns key other and portions pro combinations, types, material of database through substances and materials security-threatening all for scanning but detectors, metal present-day to entry.similar system are They upon unobtrusively users system all scan and tion) transac of points points, entry station (e.g., points TargetedScanners Nimble ResponseNimble TargetedScanners and ubiquitous sensing technology pro technology sensing ubiquitous and TargetedScanners MMRC Leveled Risk ID Risk Leveled TargetedScanners EmPatt, Leveled Risk ID, TargetedID, Risk EmPatt,Leveled includes an inter-agencyan includes arch over key transportation key over arch EmPatt, plans include identifying and identifying include plans EmPatt with a system-wide aware system-wide a with and ubiquitous sensors ubiquitous and is a supporting tool that tool supporting a is ’supdated regularly helps and ubiquitous sens ubiquitous and to maximize to are capable of capable are Nimble Response Nimble ResponseNimble Multi------72 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Discussion, cont’d and backup. and response coordinated of capabilities the expand thereby and necessary if support immediate for in for place in already are ties Response,Nimble of capacity the overwhelm may that cases gency emer large-scale in that so negotiated regularly mutual Wisconsin.These Gary,Milwaukee, as or Indianasuch cities boring neigh or contractors various and city the between BRNs Networks(BRN). Response Chicago’sbuilding includes preparation and of component final The off-site. stored and ied cop regularly been has that data necessary access and communications vital maintain to channels and routes alternate through re-routed automatically is communication then impossible, this makes age dam extensive where cases In communications. vital of network core the for materials self-healing Communications Re-Routing of use the through Response specifically,backup Forcommunication system. entire the overburdening without alerted as support priate appro for on/off” “allsystems simple a than rather services backup of range continuous a provide that systems) maintenance-related mode, transportation location, geographic (e.g., categories into rated BackUp system. run regularly the overburdening without support backup provide and munication com and information critical protect to used are BackUpGraduated of components backup Forthe Maintenance MechanicsMaintenance as such components system of use and preparation multidimensional for tunities The access. system gency emer for modes available as undergroundfreight air,and of water,rail, use surface, the organizing exists in discrete modules of support sepa support of modules discrete in exists plans for multiple communication routes communication multiple for plans ) for emergency rescue efforts. rescueemergency for ) relationships and responsibili and relationships and Re-Routing Communications. Re-Routing Re-Routing Communications Re-Routing Nimble Response’sNimble (see BRN MMRC begins with the use of use the with begins BRN partnerships are partnerships Evolutionary Nimble Response,Nimble On-Call Automated partners to come to partners are partnerships are also finds oppor finds also Nimble Graduated planning Backup - - - - - - - - - - the system. the Operators Automated Response & CallDashboard, through Response prevented, be cannot emergencies When Response Emergency centers to automatically collect and organize coor organize and collect automatically to centers Dashboard Centers emergency,an During the emergencies. disaster of case the in tims ResponseNimble the in embedded gies technolo GPS The changes. situation the how and located, is user the where does, user the what to response in real-time in adjusted are munications com individuals; to instructions and information Hand emergency.the of scope the on depending information, emergencyreal-time personalized with users and system the TV,link (e.g., to radio) channels communication multiple and interfaces, other capabilities, GPS with devices handheld utilizes that platform channel and Hand in Bird Turn leftandwalk20yards... 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Distributed Information Managment InformationDistributed distributes specific and relevant emergencyrelevant and specific distributes Small fire at Addison station Alert utilize the utilize Bird in Hand, in Bird takes action with coordinated efforts coordinated with action takes program within each center and across and center each within program works with the with works teams in locating potential vic potential locating in teams Info/Action CoordinationInfo/Action to protect users and secure and users protect to the TransComNetwork Distributed Service Service Distributed Info/Action CoordinationInfo/Action TransComNetwork protocols, and protocols, TransComNetwork Nimble Response as a multi- a as also aids also Nimble Bird in Bird Semi- - - - - 73 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Discussion, cont’d through reported actions and operators human to left is decision emergency,the of ultimately moment but the in decision-making support to operators to system the by suggested are action appropriate for options identified, is system the in problem a If technologies. response automated and tors) opera vehicle employees, station (e.g., operators system human between partnership a of consist system. transport the of use the includes situations, emergency in ment judg human effective Finally,support to order in message. the of urgency the on depending aggressively less or communication, a to response no is there Where communications. priority low for used be may press”responses ton “but simple while communications security higher for required be may e-signatures received message example, for communication; the of importance and priority the on depending complicated less or more are actions response These system. munication Response as known protocols communication action, emergency of impact the Tomaximize further effectively.resources response ute distrib and prioritize to how of decisions informed better make teams response help to cases these action, emergency in holes or overlap is there If priate. implement Additionally, agencies. across and city the across parties relevant other of activity to access ongoing with responders activity.dinated Info/Action Nimble ResponseNimble are built into the into built are MMRC Info/Action Call & Response & Call Info/Action solutions and plans when appro when plans and solutions immediately identifies and flags and identifies immediately Semi-Automated OperatorsSemi-Automated Semi-Automated OperatorsSemi-Automated is used to organize and organize to used is communications. provides emergencyprovides Nimble ResponseNimble Nimble ResponseNimble follows up more up follows Call & Call com in ------Nimble Response 74 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Scenario already been cleared by cleared been already the leaving trucks fire the hears he later moments and alerted been already have downstairs firefighters the that the through see can Williamdevices. handheld their to interfaces Hand sent been have who station the in still gers the on sees and event the to alerted been has He station. the thruway Addisonat out broken has that fire small a is there later,that week sees One William Response Emergency work. regular his to returns Williamand the into logged automatically is activity The system. the to harm of risk potential the nating elimi system, left has substance primary the that noted is it minutes few a within but risks, flagged of movement and messages of exchange the watch nearby all ID Risk station. same the towardmoving are they that noted becomes it substances, these of both of movement the monitor sensors protocols. As through response noted” and read “messagea receives instantaneously almost William all and ParkHumbolt the to message a sends William and flagged, city.also the is Itof side west the on system the of part another in chemical catalytic second very that of movement the detected have However, why is which explosive, an as used be can it chemical lytic cata specific a with combined when but harmless, is substance the itself, by substance; this of ment move the track sensors Ubiquitous system. the into substance harmful potentially a of entry the fied Scanner a activity.that system notices Hetion (DIM) Management his of front in seated Center North the day,at work regularis Williamother any Like Planning Preparation& Emergency emergency instructions via instructions emergency automatically raises the risk to medium and medium to risk the raises automatically EmPatt DIM DSC at the Montrose thruway station has identi has station Montrosethruway the at TargetedScanners DSCs s between them are informed as well. as informed are them between s DSC console that there are three passen three are there that console Distributed Service Center (DSC) Center Service Distributed has it tagged as a low-level risk. low-level a as tagged it has are alerted. William continues to continues Williamalerted. are with sirens blaring. Since traffic has traffic Since blaring. sirens with Info/Action Coordination DashboardCoordinationInfo/Action console monitoring transporta monitoring console Distributed InformationDistributed Optimized InfrastructureOptimized and ubiquitous sensors ubiquitous and TranscomNetwork Call & Response & Call Targeted DIM Leveled Bird InBird system DSC - - - - - - way headed east on an alternate route. alternate an on east headed way their on already were and station, the left tions, the received had passengers through the to back turns William minutes. of matter a in the station Addisonat arrive will firefighters the that knows Williamroute, truck fire direct a for Call & Response & Call protocols that all three all that protocols DIM Bird In Hand InBird console to note that note to console Nimble Response instruc - 75 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Conclusions mind the following. the mind in keep to need will Chicago of city the portation, trans of future the for design to continuing When await. that forces social changing the to responding of capable are that concepts system organizational and procedural, visual, utilized process planning structured the report, this of preface the in tioned men time. As our of issues defining the of standing Imagining be. could what of postulations sustainable viable, structured, are thus and ined imag Burnham Daniel that development controlled the by inspired are solutions Our concluded. never ResponsiveTransportationis a towardssystem journey the said, That relationships. system ing evolv constantly analyze systematically to impetus an requires system transportation a of future the Imagining planning. and thinking design structured of product a are solutions aforementioned The world. changing the with evolve to failed and derailed tem Chicago’shistory sys of transportation tracks the along somewhere inadequate, and outdated, cient, ineffi system; transportation its by burdened is today.started: Today Chicago’s environment urban we where to back right us brings course of This present. and past the understanding successfully after future the imagine to begin only could one said, That pragmatism. by tempered is idealism where viability of counterbalance a is imagination in inherent far; so go only can imagination of influence and power the that admit we that reservation without is It today.of minds determined and curious the by unimaginable scenario a encapsulates means no by future the unpredictable, innately Though variables. of number innumerable an with filled task lenging chal and daunting a unquestionably is future the Imagining responsive. but diverse, and integrative only not is that system transportation a imagine to effort an in crafted were elements aforementioned the Chicago’ssaid, of That environment. urban part integrated an Transportationundoubtedly is what could be could what requires a keen under keen a requires ------proactively extending the life of its system through system its of life the extending proactively be will Chicago replacement, and repair each With maintenance. evolutionary and quality on insistence unrelenting an is travelers to experience said vide pro to able being in Inherent dwellers. city of tion popula transient and dynamic increasingly an to solutions transportation responsive and safe vide Chicago’sproby to determined ability be largely will Transportationinfrastructure.success system on demands the increase to continue will sprawl urban and growth population urban Continued infrastructure. sustainable and adaptive, flexible, requires future the of system transportation The Planning & InfrastructureAdaptive That said the comforts of today are unlikely to be to unlikely are today of comforts the said That way.comfortable exceedingly an in city the about move to travelers enable that facilities require will future the Chicago’sof system transportation users. its and system the between connectivity responsive and seamless create to leveraged capabilities nology tech information applied are importance primary Of visitors. and inhabitants its for available makes it experience travel of quality the consideration into take must city world-class and progressiveA truly TravelExperience The piezoeletronics. and braking regenerative as such advancements technological through promotes it movement the fromenergy harvest will environment greater the of interests the mind in bears truly that system transportation Furthermore,a environment. the to detrimental less are and longer last that options infrastructure smart explore to itself enable will Chicago future, the for planning and goals ability sustain bold setting By practices. energy friendly earth- adopting in position leadership a take must Chicago’senvironment. ral system transportation natu the to return to able be day one should system the into brought Everymaterial cycle. life system transportation the in investment substantial and understanding keen a is importance paramount Of sciences. material the into research sincere from originating technologies emerging of application ------76 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future Conclusions destructive situations. The responsive transporta responsive The situations. destructive or challenging potentially for plan to possible is it but unpredictable, inherently is future The infrastructure. intelligent and technology mation infor in made be to need will investments nificant reality,a goal sig this make to order In congestion. minimize to means a as expansion over agement man prioritize should system The implemented. not are systems management transportation tive effec more if impacted severely be will flow traffic Chicago, urban in grow to continues population As 2005). (Ball intensify will probably and great already is freeways new additional to tion Moreover,buildings. and opposi public sidewalks sacrificing require will widening street city prevails, sprawl urban where Except expensive. prohibitively becoming construction and space of out running is Chicago of city the but past the in option an been have may roads new adding Continuously ed. construct are they as soon as up filling are roads new households, most in cars multiple to Due Management Emergency & Operations citizens. all amongst sibility respon shared of sense a as well as city the within spirit community building to contribute will tions installa These shares. bicycle and vehicle as such installations infrastructureprogressive by mitigated be could usage car wasteful said That usage. car wasteful and inefficient to alternative viable a vide pro thus and nature, in on-demand be will systems Futuretransportation solutions. innovativerequire will usage automobile private heavy from away ers Transitioninglimitations. travel capacity and service scheduled of mercy the at been Travelerslong have experience. travel the into it integrate to challenged be will ers develop and planners system transportation ment, Chicago’sinto reintroducedenviron be urban sto continue naturetravelling. As while productivity and lifestyles of maintenance fluid support that facilities transportation demand will tomorrow of users tems tomorrow.sys of transportation comforts The the ------into generations of bold thinkers to come. to thinkers bold of generations into life new breathe might plans these that wish est sincer our profess we that humility great with is It die.” not will recorded once diagram logical noble, a that Remembering work. and hope “Aimin high following; Burnham’sthe is quote immortal now Daniel within phrase poignant most Perhapsthe first. if imagined have must one uncertain, the for prepared truly be to order In planning. scenario and systems management risk sophisticated demand will future the of system tion - 77 Responsive Transport | Chicago Vision for the Future