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BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

A review of Arctic grayling studies in Alaska, 1952-1982 Robert H. Armstrong

Indexed bibliography of the holarctic genus Thymallus (grayling) to 1985 Robert H. Armstrong, Haakon Hop, and Julia H. Triplehorn

NUMBER 23 DECEMBER 1986 INSTITUTE OF ARCTIC BIOLOGY ISSN 0568-8604 BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

EXECUTIVE EDITOR PRODUCTION EDITOR David W. Norton Sue Keller Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska-Fairbanks

EDITORIAL BOARD

Francis S. L. Williamson, Chairman

Frederick C. Dean Bjartmar SveinbjBrnsson University of Alaska-Fairbanks University of Alaska-Anchorage

Mark A. Fraker Patrick J. Webber Standard Alaska Production Co., Anchorage University of Colorado, Boulder

Brina Kessel Robert G. White University of Alaska-Fairbanks University of Alaska-Fairbanks

The Cover Dlustration: A mature male Arctic grayling, prepared for use by this publication by Betsy Sturm, graphic artist and graduate student with the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Financial and in-kind support for this issue were provided by: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, Juneau and Fairbanks U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Information Transfer A REVIEW OF ARCTIC GRAYLING STUDIES IN ALASKA, 1952-1982

INDEXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUS THYMALLUS (GRAYLING) TO 1985 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publiclltion Data Grayling : review and bibliography. 23 (Biological Papers of the University of AJastca; no. ) 82 1 Contents: A Review of Arctic grayling studies in Alaska, 19.52-19 · by Robert H. Armstrong. Indexed bibliography of tbe holarctic genus Thymallus (grayling) to 1985 I by Robert II. JVIllStrong, Haakon Hop and Julia 11. Triplehorn. 1. Arctic grayling. 2. Arctic grayling-Bibliography. 3. Fishes-Alaska. 4. Fishes-Alaska-Bibliography. I. Armstrong, Robert H. II. lloP• llaakon. ill. Triplehorn, Julia H. fY. Series.

QHI.A.2.58 no. 23

Pnn . ted m. th e U m'ted States of America inting Office, Denver CO by th e U . S . Governmen t pr BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

A REVIEW OF ARCTIC GRAYLING STUDIES IN ALASKA, 1952-1982

By Robert H. Armstrong Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775

INDEXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUS THYMALLUS (GRAYLING) TO 1985

By Robert H. Armstrong and Haakon Hop Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 and Julia H. Triplehorn Geophysical Institute University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775

Number 23 December 1986 ISSN 0568-8604 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editor's Introduction

A Review of Arctic Grayling Studies in Alaska, 1952-1982, by Robert H. Armstrong 3

Indexed Bibliography of the Holarctic Genus Thymallus (Grayling) to 1985, by Robert H. Armstrong, Haakon Hop, and Julia H. Triplehorn

Introduction 19

Bibliography 21

Key Word Index 96

v EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION

This issue of Biological Papers of the University ofAlaska a. consists of two scholarly contributions on the biology and 1400 CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF Thymol/us reference materials for fishes of the holarctic genus, 0 Thymallus. w TITLES BY DATE, 1800-1984 In Alaska, the genus is represented by the Arctic gray- ti_J 1200 ling, T. arcticus (Pallas), a species regarded highly by sports- :::l :::2: men throughout its range in Alaska (Mills 1979; see literature :::l cited section of review article), especially in interior Alaska u u where it is the most popular sport fish (Holmes 1981). This <( popularity with anglers puts pressure on grayling populations, (/) w and in turn, pressure upon management agencies to regulate _J harvests and manage habitats used by Arctic grayling. Ac- I cordingly, the state and federal government agencies have I u.. compiled life history data on the species from a number of 0 locations in Alaska since 1952. The Alaska Cooperative a:: w Fishery Research Unit, founded in 1978 at the University m of Alaska, Fairbanks, made serious attempts to assemble and :::2: :::l review systematically the growing number of unpublished z research reports on Arctic grayling. The precursor for the _J review paper was the compilation of file reports, including ~ 1,600 pages of collected research reports (Armstrong 1982). ~ 0 L...__....L....o...... _L...... L..a::l...... L....J...... ,_.L...I.....&.....I...... L...I...... I Thereafter, a synthesis appeared as an earlier draft of the 1800 1850 1900 1950 review of Arctic grayling studies in Alaska, distributed on YEAR a limited basis as a processed report by the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Prior to these compila- b. tions and reviews, the most comprehensive assembly of RATE OF PUBLICATION grayling sources of information was the bibliography published by Vincent (1965) covering North American sources and titles through the early 1960s. 0:: 40 In the course of reviewing the research reports on Arctic <( w grayling, Robert H. Armstrong discovered that significant >- gaps in life history information still existed. Some of these 0:: 30 gaps could be filled provisionally by borrowing information w from the similar palearctic species T. thymallus, for which a.. Jankovic (1964) had provided a synopsis of biological in- (/) 20 w formation. Because approximately 20 years had elapsed since _J Vincent's (1965) bibliography of North American sources !:::: 10 and Jankovic's ( 1964) synthesis of information of T. 1- thymallus, Armstrong decided to broaden his bibliographic search to include holarctic information sources for the entire genus 1hymallus. With the aid of Julia H. Triplehorn, 1800 1850 1900 1950 Haakon Hop, and Sue Keller, the second contribution to this YEAR issue took shape, eventually resulting in the 1,314 titles included here. We therefore now have a good foundation for Figure 1 (a) Cwnulative nwnber of 1hymallus titles by date, through 1hymallus 1hymallus. 1984. (b) Crude annual rate of appearance of titles ob- a worldwide review of the genus tained by dividing number of titles by number of years in periods The timeliness of both the grayling review and the ending in 1850, 1900, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1975, 1hymallus bibliography can be seen from an analysis of the 1980, and 1984.

1 2 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1,314 titles in the bibliography by date of appearance, both it may be an artifact arising from time lags between publica- cumulatively (Figure 1a) and as a crude annual rate of tions and availability of titles in one of several search systems. publications on the genus (Figure lb). Between 1965 and In either case, the shapes of the curves in Figure 1 make 1985, the literature (measured by number of titles) has more it clear that 1985 was an appropriate year to attempt both than doubled. The annual rate of new titles published jumped the analytic synthesis of grayling biology and the worldwide to its highest levels (48 per year) in the 5-year interval end- ThymaUus bibliography in a coordinated monograph. ing with 1975, having doubled over the previous 5-year period. The slight decline in rate of publication of new titles in the periods ending in 1980 and 1985 may be genuine, or D. W. Norton, June 1986 A REVIEW OF ARCTIC GRAYLING STUDIES IN ALASKA, 1952- 1982

ROBERT H. ARMSTRONG1

ABSTRACT. Most infonnation on studies of the Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Alaska came from annual progress and perfonnance reports of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and reports of the Alaska Game Commission prepared before Alaska Statehood in 1959. Only a few reports have been published. Sport harvest, stocking, life history and population estimates are reviewed, and recommendations for further research are offered.

INTRODUCTION and elsewhere, when information on a particular topic was lacking in studies conducted in Alaska. Most studies of the Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Alaska have been conducted under the Federal Aid in Fish Restoration Program. These studies were started in 1952 by SPORT HARVEST the Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit at the Univer- sity of Alaska, and were continued by the Alaska Game Com- The Arctic grayling is one of the species most sought after mission (1953 to 1958) and the Alaska Department of Fish by sport anglers in Alaska. In a survey of over 10,000 anglers and Game (1959 to 1982). The results of these studies ap- who fished in Alaska in 1977, Mills ( 1979) asked that each peared in Federal Aid quarterly and annual reports, in one list the species of fish in the order of fishing effort expend- research report (Reed 1964), and in three Master of Science ed and personal preference. Statewide, Arctic grayling theses at the University of Alaska (Wojcik 1955, Schallock ranked third among species most frequently fished for, and 1966, Vascotto 1970). In addition, a few studies were fund- fourth in order of preference. Fishermen who lived in the ed by the oil and gas industry in conjunction with develop- upper Copper-Susitna rivers and Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim ment of the Alaska pipeline (McCart et al. 1972, Craig and regulatory areas ranked Arctic grayling as first in order of Poulin 1974, de Bruyn and McCart 1974). More recent both fishing effort and preference. (Major river systems cited studies of Arctic grayling have been conducted by graduate in the text are shown in Fig. 1.) A survey conducted by students from the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit Holmes (1981) also showed grayling to be the most popular at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks (Grabacki 1981, sport fish among anglers in interior Alaska. Holmes 1981). Little of the information collected on Arctic Mills (1981) estimated that 170,137 Arctic grayling were grayling in Alaska has been published (notable exceptions harvested by anglers in 1980. Only the numbers of pink are Reed 1964, Vascotto and Morrow 1973, Craig and Poulin salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Dolly Varden 1975, and Schmidt and O'Brien 1982). (Salvelinus malma) plus Arctic charr (Salvelinus a/pinus) ex- Much of the unpublished information on Arctic grayling ceeded the number of grayling caught by anglers in the state. is in Federal Aid annual reports. For instance, 161 Federal The largest numbers of grayling-nearly half the total-were Aid annual reports from Alaska contain substantive material taken in the Tanana River drainage (Table 1). Nearly half on grayling that totals more than l ,500 pages (Armstrong of these fish, in turn, came from the Chena River drainage, 1982). Although many Federal Aid reports are available, the where anglers took 41,825 in 1980 (Mills 1981). information on grayling is often in reports with general titles Angler harvest can affect the structure of Arctic grayling that give little indication of their real content. Federal Aid populations by causing a decline in average size and age (Falk reports written prior to Alaska Statehood in 1959 are dif- and Gillman 1974). Tack (1974) concluded that angler ficult to find. harvests may be responsible for grayling maturing at a The present synthesis of life history information is thus smaller size in the Chena River than in other waters. based primarily on unpublished research reports of work con- Grabacki ( 1981) also concluded that the average size and age ducted in Alaska. Secondarily, I have drawn on published of grayling in the upper Chena River appeared to decrease or unpublished reports from work in nearby western Canada in response to exploitation.

1Present address: 5870 Thane Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801.

3 4 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

TABLE 1. ESTIMATED NUMBERS OF ARCTIC GRAYUNG HARVESTED BY ALASKA ANGLERS BY REGION AND AREA, 1977-1980 (FROM MILLS

Area fished 1977 1978 1979 1980

Southeast Ketchikan 591 479 227 86 Prince of Wales Island 0 0 0 0 Petersburg-Wrangell 0 0 0 0 Sitka 17 18 18 9 Juneau 108 18 0 0 Haines-Skagway 59 154 36 34 Glacier Bay 0 0 0 0 Yakutat 0 0 0 0 Total 775 669 281 129 Southcentral Glennallen 25,991 26,488 37,232 32,106 Prince William Sound 0 0 0 0 Knik Arm drainage 3,916 2,413 8,371 9,514 Anchorage 187 0 18 77 East Susitna drainage 7,469 6,600 10,489 10,959 West Cook Inlet- 4,414 6,725 9,089 9,247 West Susitna drainage Kenai Peninsula 1,587 2,287 1,518 2,126 Kodiak 54 325 127 465 Naknek River drainage- 808 614 609 1,550 Figure 1. Natural habitat of Arctic grayling in Alaska, showing ma- Alaska Peninsula jor drainages cited in text. K vichak River drainage 826 1,438 873 1,421 Nushagak 496 976 1,990 1,997 Total 45,748 47,866 70,316 69,462 Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim STOCKING Tanana River drainage 57,793 83,275 70,243 80,150 Interior Alaska 4,090 5,053 7,466 9,127 In Alaska, the development or improvement of the sport Seward Peninsula- 1,607 1,455 2,173 1,635 fishery for grayling has been attempted by stocking larval Norton Sound Northwest Alaska 1,407 1,997 2,145 1,790 grayling from a hatchery, by pond rearing the fry for a few South Slope Brooks Range 1,032 2,106 6,072 6,079 months before stocking them and by transplanting adult and North Slope Brooks Range 1,239 678 1,373 1,765 subadult grayling from one aquatic system to another. Each Total 67,168 94,564 89,472 100,546 of these methods has been successful in some waters and unsuccessful in others. Alaska total 113,691 143,099 160,069 170,137 Stocking newly hatched fry from a hatchery into lakes has been most successful in barren lakes with suitable spawning streams (VanWyhe 1963, Williams 1971). In a review of populations that have provided good sport fishing. Planted the stocking of grayling fry, Williams (1971) reported little fry occasionally show phenomenal growth of more than 200 or no survival when predator species were present. Gray- mm in length in a single growing season (VanWyhe 1963, ling stocked in lakes containing northern pike (Esox lucius) Williams 1971). Others, especially those stocked in shallow have not survived (Tack 1972). On the other hand, Van Hulle ponds and small lakes, have often been unsuccessful, despite and Murray (1975) found that stocked grayling fry competed good growth rates. Lack of oxygen and suitable spawning successfully with fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) areJs, and presence of other fish species, are usually cited that were stocked about one month later in a previously bar- as the main reason for failure (Roguski and Tack 1970; Tack ren lake. One year later the grayling were 20 mm longer 1972, 1973). The stocking of fry into various shallow lakes and 1.4 times heavier than the rainbow trout. Stocked gray- has shown that some grayling overwinter despite the reduc- ling may also compete successfully with the lake chub, tion of dissolved oxygen concentrations to less than 1 ppm Couesius plumbeus (Roguski and Tack 1970). (Roguski and Tack 1970). Williams (1972), after examin- Some fry plantings in barren lakes have been very suc- ing a winter mortality offish in Tolsona Lake (Copper River cessful, resulting in the development of self-sustaining drainage) where dissolved oxygen was 0.5 ppm, concluded 1

Alaska Review Article 5

that grayling were more tolerant of low oxygen than either (1973), a water temperature of around 4 oc triggers gray- burbot (Lota iota) or longnose suckers (Catostomus ling spawning in the interior streams of Alaska. Alt (1976) catostomus). Lakes considered unsuitable for trout because also suggested that 4 oc was the temperature at which most winter oxygen concentration drops as low as 1 to 2 ppm may grayling in western Alaska began spawning. In northern be adequate for overwintering grayling (Heckart and Roguski Alaska the spawning period often coincides with the arrival 1966). of the flooding, turbid water of spring breakup (de Bruyn Stocking newly hatched grayling into rivers has not been and McCart 1974). In the Tanana River drainage, Schallock successful. Over 300,000 grayling fry have been stocked into (1965) also found grayling spawning during the spring flood the Delta Clearwater River (Tanana River drainage) with no ofthe Chatanika River, when the water was turbid. By con- apparent survival (Kalb and Peckham 1975, Pearse 1976). trast, Warner (1955) found that grayling spawned in the in- Stocking was successful, however, when the fry were reared lets to Fielding Lake in pools of open water when the water in ponds for about 3 months before they were stocked in the temperature was about 4 °C, while many streams were still rivers. Shortly after hatching in June, the fry were stocked covered with ice and snow. into shallow ponds and reared until late September or early Grayling spawn in main stem rivers, in large and small October, when they were effectively removed (99%) with tributaries to rivers and lakes, in intermittent streams, and fyke nets (Peckham 1977, 1978). Survival rate in the ponds in lakes-usually at the mouths of tributaries (Warner 1957, ranged from 5 to 34% (Peckham 1978) and most fish were Bendock 1979). In rivers and streams, grayling have been over 100 mm long at the time of removal (Pearse 1976). The found spawning mostly in riffle areas of pea-sized gravel fingerlings were then stocked into spring-fed areas of the (Warner 1955, Tack 1971). Although gravel measurements Delta Clearwater River. Studies by Pearse (1976) showed have not usually been taken where grayling have been ob- that the pond-reared grayling had a larger number of first- served spawning, Tack (1973) reported that most spawning year circuli on their scales (x= 14) than did the grayling was over gravel between 0.075 and 38.1 mm in diameter. naturally occurring in the Delta Clearwater (x=8.7). This In Montana, where Nelson (1954) took stream bottom difference enabled biologists to determine the percentage con- samples to determine the abundance of grayling eggs in rela- tributions of the stocked fmgerlings to the fishery by examin- tion to bottom material, no eggs were found over sand and ing scales from fish taken by anglers. Evaluations of this pro- silt or in pools; all were in riffles composed of gravel or ject are still under way, but Ridder (1980) found that 60% rubble. of the age-4 grayling in the creel were stocked and that these Although gravel in riffles appears to be the most commonly fish accounted for 23% of the total catch. selected spawning site for grayling, other sites have been Transplanting adult and subadult grayling into barren lakes reported. In an inlet of Fielding Lake, Wojcik (1954) men- has been successful in establishing new sport fisheries. In tioned that grayling spawned primarily in slow shallow 1952, 240 grayling were transplanted to Crescent Lake on backwater areas. In some northern Alaska lakes they spawned the Kenai Peninsula (Engel 1965). This single transplant in the lake itself over substrates ranging from large rubble resulted in a sport fishery that is still self-sustaining. In 1972, to vegetated silt (Bendock 1979); they have also been seen Crescent Lake supported a spawning population of more than spawning among sedges over an organic bottom in a nearly 1, 700 grayling and their growth rates were better than those stagnant pond (Tack 1980) and over mud in a slough (Reed of interior stocks and comparable with those of the trophy 1964). grayling of Ugashik Lake (Engel1973). Grayling from Cres- The spawning of grayling was described by Tack (1971), cent Lake have been transplanted to several other Kenai who wrote that males established territories in the riffle areas Peninsula lakes, in most of which they have established self- while the females remained in deep pools and entered the sustaining populations (Engel 1970, 1971). riffles only for short periods to spawn. Tack described 22 male territories as being generally oval, 6 to 8 feet wide and 8 to 10 feet long. Average water depth over these territories was 1 foot (range 0.6 to 2.4 feet) and average water veloci- LIFE HISTORY ty was 2.6 fps (range 1.1 to 4.8 fps). Tack (1971) described the spawning act as follows: Reproduction

When a female comes into the riffle, males from ter- Most grayling populations in Alaska spawn from mid-May ritories near her erect their dorsal fms and move lateral- to mid-June, although some have been found spawning in ly toward her. The female may pass up several males late April and others in early July (Wojcik 1954, Warner before responding to a male display. A female responds 1955, Schallock 1966, Roguski 1967, Roguski and Tack by erecting her dorsal fin and moving laterally toward 1970, de Bruyn and McCart 1974, Tack 1974, Bendock the displaying male. The undulations intensify as the 1979). Water temperature and spring flooding may be fac- fish come closer. As their bodies come in contact, the tors that stimulate grayling to spawn. According to Tack undulations become more intense, the male leans

L 6 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

toward the female so his dorsal fin covers her back, Young-of-the-Year and the male's caudal peduncle crosses over that of Larval grayling, before formation of the dorsal fin rays, the female. The force of the male's caudal fin, work- are difficult to identify, and no references to the identifica- ing now in a vertical direction because of his body tilt tion of larval freshwater fish in Alaska could be found. and slight axial twist, drives the posterior portion of the female's body down into the gravel. After a spawn- Schallock (1966) suggested that week-old grayling larvae ing act the posterior third of the female's body is usual- resemble "two eyeballs on a thread," but other larval fish ly buried in the gravel. About halfway through the that occur with the grayling, such as round whitefish (Pro spawning act, the female opens her mouth widely, sopium cylindraceum) and longnose sucker, also fit this displaying the dark slash on her throat. The male also description. After they reach a length of about 20 mm, the gapes, starting a second or two after the female. larval grayling can be distinguished from other similar-sized larval fish by the newly developed longer dorsal fin with 17 The described forcing of the posterior portion of the female to 25 rays. grayling's body into the substrate apparently results in the In streams, after emerging from the gravel, young gray- eggs being deposited below the gravel surface. VanWyhe's ling live in areas of quiet water. They occur in very shallow (1962) observations of 172 pairs of spawning grayling riffles between rocks at the lower end of gravel bars (Vascotto showed that the eggs were deposited at a depth of about 2.5 1970), in backwaters, in side channels (Tack 1971, McCart em. Others have also observed that grayling eggs are buried et al. 1972, de Bruyn and McCart 1974), and in quiet side to a depth of 2 to 3 em (Kratt and Smith 1977). Many eggs pools and brushy or grassy areas of adjacent sloughs (Alt may be washed downstream because of this relatively shallow 1976, 1980). They remain in these quiet water areas, often depth of burial (Warner 1955). in dense schools, until later in the summer when they become Other observations of grayling spawning include a report territorial and solitary and move into deeper water (Vascot- by VanWyhe (1962) that most spawning occurred between to 1970, de Bruyn and McCart 1974). Later, in early fall, 8 p.m. and 2 a.m., when the spawning area was not exposed they may leave the headwater areas and smaller streams and to sunlight. Engel (1973) mentioned that males remained on enter larger rivers, lakes, or (on the North Slope) spring- the spawning grounds longer than females. fed areas for overwintering. At Poplar Grove Creek (Mile Embryonic development is rapid. At a water temperature 136 Richardson Highway, in the Copper River drainage) of 8°C, embryos became eyed in 14 days and hatched in 18 young-of-the-year grayling began an outmigration in early days. At an average temperature of 15.5°C eggs hatched in September and by 19 October 62,000 fish had passed through 8 days (Wojcik 1955). In a study of the Arctic grayling in weir traps (Williams and Morgan 1974). Reed (1960) men- northern Saskatchewan, Kratt and Smith (1977) found that tioned that young-of-the-year grayling drift out of the head- grayling eggs hatched in 186.24 degree-days. After hatching, water streams of the Chatanika River in the early fall. On the alevins remained in the gravel for only 3 to 4 days. Kratt the North Slope, young-of-the-year grayling have been and Smith also reported that the newly hatched fry had almost reported leaving small tundra streams in August and completely absorbed their yolk sacs by the time they left the September (McCart et al. 1972, Craig and Poulin 1975). At gravel. Weir Creek, a tributary to the Kavik River, the outmigra- DeBruyn and McCart (1974), who studied the ovarian tion of fry peaked between 13 and 21 September (Craig and development of grayling eggs, reported that egg diameters Poulin 1975). averaged less than 0.5 mm in the ovaries of recently spawned Little is known about the habitats selected by young-offish and were 1. 7 mm by mid-September and 2.0 to 2.5 mm the-year grayling associated with lakes. De Bruyn and just before the spawning season in spring. Both female and McCart (1974) suggested that in lakes with inlet or outlet male grayling in Alaska spawn every year after they reach streams, the fry remained in the streams in summer and sexual maturity (Williams 1969, Engel1973, de Bruyn and moved into the lakes to overwinter. The habitat for the off- McCart 1974). spring of grayling that spawn in lakes, as reported by Ben- Fecundity of Alaskan grayling appears to vary depending dock (1979), is unknown. on the size of fish and locality. Schallock (1966) found that Fry living in streams may be subject to extremely high the number of eggs ranged from 1, 700 for a fish 267 mm mortality under conditions of flooding or drought. Nelson long to 12,350 for a fish 400 mm long among 24 females ( 1954) mentioned that fry are helpless in water currents for with an average fecundity of 5,350 eggs. In the Yukon Ter- two weeks after hatching. Flooding at this time and probably ritory, de Bruyn and McCart (1974), who examined 20 even later could wash the young out of their rearing areas, females from three localities, reported a mean fecundity of causing either direct mortality due to turbulence or indirect 8,968 eggs (range 4,077 to 14,429). When the samples were mortality due to the fry being swept into unfavorable rear- combined and subjected to a regression analysis, however, ing areas. Tack (1974) suggested that the Chena River flood they found a correlation coefficient of only 0.15. Tack (1971) of 1967 caused heavy mortality among young-of-the-year, also gathered data that suggest a poor correlation between because that year class was missing in samples taken in later number of eggs and length of Arctic grayling. years. Flooding of the Chena River in July 1981 may also Alaska Review Article 7 have caused heavy mortality, as few grayling fry could be In the Arctic, grayling living in streams must migrate to found in locations where they had been reported as abun- overwintering sites containing extensive groundwater because dant in previous years (Robert Walker, Alaska Cooperative most of the rest of the stream may freeze completely. Gray- Fishery Research Unit, pers. comm.). During droughts, fall- ling may migrate either upstream or downstream to these ing water levels often trap young grayling in shallow pools spring areas, depending on their location in relation to the isolated from the main stream (de Bruyn and McCart 1Q74). summer distribution of the fish. In the larger unsilted runoff rivers of the interior, such as major tributaries to the Tanana River (Chena, Goodpaster, Migrations and Chatanika), most grayling inhabiting the upper reaches and tributaries migrate downstream to overwinter in the Tack ( 1980) summarized what is known about the migra- deeper water of the main stem; some fish may leave the tion of Arctic grayling in the interior and arctic portions of system to overwinter in the Tanana River. Some grayling Alaska. Most of the infortnation on migration presented here begin migrating as early as mid-July but most are believed is from his work or my interpretation of it. Tack believed to begin moving in September; some may even leave head- that in interior Alaska the source of water in a river or stream water tributaries as late as December. affects its use by grayling within these systems: glacier-fed Grayling also overwinter in lakes. Movements to these systems tend to be used mainly for overwintering or as lakes may be either upstream (from outlets) or downstream migratory routes to other systems, spring-fed systems mainly (from inlets), and may occur early in the summer-especially for feeding but not for spawning or overwintering, bog-fed if the streams are small and used mainly for spawning. systems for spawning and feeding but not for overwinter- The distance that a grayling must migrate to reach an over- ing, and large unsilted runoff systems for all purposes- wintering area varies considerably from one system to spawning, feeding, and overwintering. Grayling living in a another. Some grayling may spend part or all of their lives lake may move into either the outlet or inlet to spawn. In within the immediate vicinity of overwintering areas; these systems entering the Arctic Ocean, spring-fed areas of the fish may include stocks associated with certain lakes, those larger rivers may provide the only available overwintering living near major groundwater sources, and perhaps some habitat for river-dwelling grayling. of those that spawn in the main stem areas of the larger un- Grayling are able to adapt to such a wide variety of waters silted runoff rivers such as the Chena. Other grayling may because they spawn in spring and early summer and their migrate from a few kilometers to between 130 and 160 km eggs and larvae develop relatively fast. This early and rapid to reach overwintering sites. Grayling inhabiting the upper development enables the young to leave systems before they reaches of spring-fed systems and some runoff systems in become frozen and uninhabitable in winter. These adapta- interior Alaska may migrate long distances to reach over- tions to different systems or different parts of the same system wintering areas. sometimes result in rather complex migrations to overwintering, spawning, and feeding sites, as briefly described below. Migrations to Feeding Areas

Migrations to Overwintering Areas Migrations to feeding areas may vary depending on the age of grayling, type of system in which they overwinter, In fall, entire populations of grayling migrate downstream and the type of system in which they spawn. Young-of-the- and out of certain tributaries and enter the Yukon, year grayling are believed to spend the first summer feeding Kuskokwim, and Tanana rivers for the winter. They leave in the vicinity of their natal area. the bog-fed tributaries, most of which freeze solid or dry Grayling that enter or migrate to feeding areas in unsilted up during winter, and most also leave the spring-fed rapid-runoff rivers tend to go to different areas, depending tributaries. It is not known why grayling leave spring-fed on their age and maturity: Juveniles (ages I, 2, and 3) move tributaries, which contain well-oxygenated open water and into or remain in the lower portions of these rivers and their abundant larval insects all winter. A possible reason is that tributaries; the subadults (ages 4, 5, and sometimes 6) tend these systems often form extensive frazil ice in winter (Steve to move to the middle portions of the rivers; and post- Tack, Fairbanks, Alaska, pers. comm.). Frazil ice forms spawning adults either move upstream to feed in the upper throughout the water column as minute, irregular crystals reaches of the rivers or, if they spawned in the upper reaches, (Maciolek and Needham 1952) and may lodge in the gills remain there throughout the summer. of fish, causing mortalities (Tack 1938); or it may become Grayling migrations to feeding areas of the spring-fed so thick that the water is uninhabitable. Although young silver systems in interior Alaska are more complex. Since the fish salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and slimy sculpin (Cottus generally do not overwinter or spawn in these systems, the cognatus) overwinter in spring-fed rivers, their survival may entire summer feeding population must originate elsewhere. be closely tied to their ability to escape frazil ice by inhabiting Many juveniles and subadults probably move into the spring- the spring areas. fed systems directly from their overwintering areas within 8 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

TABLE 2. PERCENTAGES OF GRAYLING SEXUALLY MATURE AT DIFFERENT AGES IN SAMPLES FROM SELECTED WATERS IN ALASKA Mineral Goodpaster Happy Colville Ikagiak Kiruktagiak Age Chena River a Lake Outlet b Riverc Valley Creek d River e Creek e River e (years) No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 0 30 0 7 0 1 41 0 2 0 5 0 3 0 2 41 0 2 0 24 0 4 0 9 0 8 0 3 17 0 11 0 10 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 4 51 86 32 9 11 0 14 7 2 0 5 0 4 0 5 77 100 11 64 26 23 4 0 7 14 3 0 4 0 6 32 100 5 100 22 73 8 63 7 0 4 0 7 29 7 15 100 6 100 12 100 6 67 7 71 4 0 10 50 8 100 6 100 4 100 6 100 8 25 2 100 9 100 8 100 8 100 6 100 4 100 3 100 10 4 100 8 100 2 100 3 100 11 100 6 100 > 11 15 100

•Van Hulle (1968) bTack (1971) cTack (1974) dMcCart et al. (1972) •Kogl (1971) the large glacier-fed systems. Others move into the spring- made in the same rivers in which they were tagged (Tack fed systems after having entered other streams for spawn- 1980). This site fidelity is of special interest because few ing or short-term feeding. Most of the fish feeding in spring- grayling either spawn or overwinter in these systems. It thus fed systems may have first entered bog-fed systems to spawn. appears that they return, after leaving the system, for the Adults are known to leave most bog-fed systems soon after sole purpose of feeding. spawning and migrate elsewhere to feed. Tagging studies Although homing to specific spawning areas has not been have shown that many of these adults enter spring-fed systems established for Arctic grayling in Alaska, Tack ( 1980) be- after spawning. Also, subadult grayling, especially the larger lieved that the annual site fidelity of grayling adults to feeding ones, leave the bog-fed systems in early summer and feed streams suggests similar homing to spawning streams. elsewhere-probably in spring-fed systems. By contrast, young-of-the-year grayling may remain and feed in bog-fed streams all summer. Age

Validity of Aging Techniques Migrations to Spawning Areas The age determination of Arctic grayling from scales may Most adult grayling leave their overwintering areas and not be reliable for older fish. The interpretation of annuli enter a bog-fed or unsilted rapid-runoff stream to spawn after age 5 is difficult because the growth rate slows and the (Tack 1980). Only in large unsilted rapid runoff rivers do consequent crowding of circuli forms a dense edge (Roguski grayling spawn in the same stream in which they overwinter; and Winslow 1969, Roguski and Tack 1970, Engel 1973). even in these rivers most grayling migrate upstream to parts Comparisons of ages determined from scales with those of the system not used for overwintering. This migration ap- determined from otoliths of the same fish have shown that pears to be associated with a rise in water temperature to both methods give similar ages through age 7 or 8, but that about 1 °C. Consequently it may begin as early as mid-April the scale method tends to underestimate the ages of older in some southern interior streams and as late as early June fish (McCart et al. 1972, de Bruyn and McCart 1974, Craig in northern Alaska. In lakes, grayling may move into either and Poulin 1975). For example, Craig and Poulin (1975), the inlet or outlet to spawn, but usually not both~ in a comparison of age estimates for grayling from Weir Creek and Kavik River, found no fish older than age 11 by using scales, but several up to age 16 by using otoliths. For Homing to Spawning and Feeding Sites Happy Valley Creek, McCart et al. (1972) also found no grayling over age 11 by using scales but several up to age Grayling probably return to the same river annually to feed. 20 by using otoliths. Grayling over age 7 taken from the Firth Of over 1,000 recaptures made a year or more after release River and Trout Lake in Yukon Territory also showed dif- in the Delta Clearwater and Richardson Clearwater rivers ferences in age, depending on the method used. For instance, (Tanana River tributaries), 99% and 96%, respectively, were the maximum ages determined were 22 in the Firth River 1 I

Alaska Review Anicle 9

and 15 in Trout Lake by the otolith method and 14 and 11, TABLE 3. LENGTHS AND AGES OF GRA YLlNG FROM THE GOODPASTER respectively, by the scale method (de Bruyn and McCart RIVER THAT WERE SEXUALLY MATURE (MODIFIED FROM TACK 1974) 1974). Age (years) Otoliths usually continue to develop fairly clear annuli Fork length 5 6 7 throughout the life of the fish, whereas scales develop a (mm) "dense edge" (Nordeng 1961) that tends to obscure the an- No. % No. % No. % nuli (de Bruyn and McCart 1974). Consequently most of the <250 2 0 studies on age and growth of grayling in Alaska, of which 250-259 4 0 only a few have been based on otoliths, must be interpreted 260-269 5 20 carefully. Studies of growth rates up to age 7 or 8 and of 270-279 2 0 2 0 age at first maturity should be valid when the investigators 280-289 4 25 4 25 used scales, but estimates of growth rates of older fish and 290-299 6 67 I 100 of longevity are probably not valid. 3()()-309 0 4 75 100 Scale formation begins at a fork length of about 35 to 38 310-319 6 100 1 100 mm in the Chena River (Tack 1974) and at about 35 mm 320-329 100 2 100 2 100 330-339 100 3 100 2 100 on the North Slope (de Bruyn and McCart 1974). In some 340-349 5 100 areas grayling may not reach 35 mm by the end of their first >350 100 growing season, and thus may not have formed scales. Tack (1975) suggested that some young grayling from the upper Chena River fail to develop scales in their first year, and McCart et al. (1972) made similar observations in the upper of the Chena River and Mineral Lake (upper Tanana River Atigun River. This possibility should also be considered when drainage), where most mature at 270-mm fork length (Tack one attempts to age Arctic grayling by their scales. 1974). Tack speculated that the maturation of fish at smaller sizes may be related to heavy angler harvests in some river systems and that the long-term harvesting of the larger fish Age and Size Maturity by anglers has caused a genetic shift in the population, favor- ing maturity at a smaller size. Early comparative data from The age at which most grayling first mature may vary from the Chena River and Mineral Lake are not available to test one river system to another (Table 2). In the systems ex- this hypothesis. amined in Alaska, most grayling mature from ages 4 to 8. Age at maturity appears to be similar for males and Most grayling have matured by age 4 to 6 in the interior females. Although most sample sizes were too small to sup- systems, but not until ages 6 to 9 in the North Slope systems. port a sound analysis of maturity by age and sex, I found Maturity of grayling is probably more closely related to no indication that males and females differed in this respect size than to age. Unfortunately, most studies do not present from the data presented (Tack 1971, 1974; McCart et al. data in a form that shows the relation of size to maturity by 1972; de Bruyn and McCart 1974; Craig and Poulin 1975). specific age groups. Some insight into this relation can be gleaned from the study of grayling in the Goodpaster River by Tack (1974). Among age-5 fish most of those 290 mm Age Composition and Longevity long (fork length) or longer were mature, whereas most shorter than 290 mm were immature (Table 3). This rela- As previously mentioned, the estimation of longevity and tionship also held for age-6 fish. On the North Slope, all age composition from scales is probably not valid because mature grayling from the Kavik River drainage exceeded 295 annuli are difficult to interpret in older age groups. Also, mm in fork length (Craig and Poulin 1975). Other studies a particular collecting method may sample certain age groups of grayling maturity on the North Slope, though not giving in disproportionate numbers. For instance, electroshocking precise data on length at maturity, suggest that maturity is may undersample the smaller fish, and angling may over- more dependent on size than on age (Kogl 1971). Grayling sample the larger fish. Despite these shortcomings, some that mature at a later age (e.g., in the Colville River) also general conclusions can be drawn by summarizing the age have a slow growth rate. In western Alaska grayling reach composition data collected from certain systems in Alaska maturity at about 300 mm in the Anvik River (lower Yukon (Table 4). The Chena, Delta Clearwater, and Goodpaster River drainage), and all fish of age 6 sampled from this rivers were sampled by electroshocker; whereas the Kavik system and from Pilgrim River (Seward Penninsula) and River, Weir Creek, and Happy Valley Creek were sampled Feniak Lake (Noatak River drainage) were mature (Alt 1978, by a variety of methods, including hook and line, seine, fyke 1980). net, back-pack shocker, and weir. The only exceptions to the generalization that most gray- Because compositions vary considerably from one stream ling mature at a length of 290 to 300 mm are in populations system to another, extrapolation of the results from one

' L 10 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

TABLE 4. PERCENTAGE AGE COMPOSITION OF ARCTIC GRAYUNG SAMPLED FROM SELECTED WATERS IN ALASKA AND THE YuKON TERRITORY. Age Chena Rivera Delta Clearwater b Goodpaster< Kavik River & Happy (years) River River Weir Creekd Valley Creek e I 37 I I9 2 23 4 3 lO 3 18 l3 45 I4 } so• 4 l3f I9 27 9 5 4 19 13f 8 6 3 25 5 7 7 2 )3f 4 I6 8 3 gr 39& 9 2 10 } I! 2 1I }:. 2 I2 I >12 I 10f n 20I 534 298 252 II9 avan Hulle (1968) d Craig and Poulin (1975) fThe youngest age that included at least 90% of the fish b Peckham and Ridder (1979) eMcCart et al. (1972) g Fish with a range of ages were grouped together zooplankton may constitute a large proportion 1975; Kramer 1975; Pearse 1978; Peckham 1978). of the diet of grayling (Wojcik 1954, Yoshihara 1972), aquatic insects are still often the major food item (Allin 1957, Reed 1964). Grayling may also feed more on the bottom in chus nerka) in large numbers (Williams 1969), and in some lakes than in streams, as indicated by the number of Canadian lakes near the Alaska-Yukon border they fed on gastropods found in grayling taken from lakes (Wojcik 1954, the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) (de Bruyn and Yoshihara 1972). McCart 1974). Some of the more unusual items found in the The importance of terrestrial insects in the diet of Arctic stomachs of grayling include shrews (de Bruyn and McCart grayling in Alaska is not well known because most studies 1974, Alt 1978) and lemmings (Reed 1964). Grayling ven- do not distinguish them from the aquatic forms. Nevertheless, turing into brackish waters along the Beaufort Sea coast may Craig and Poulin (1974) found terrestrial insects to be im- feed on marine isopods and other crustaceans (Tack 1980). portant food items in the grayling examined from Weir Creek In summer, grayling are active feeders. In the Delta Clear- and Kavik River. In the Firth River, near the Alaska-Yukon water River, during June and early July, grayling fed on a border, de Bruyn and McCart (1974) found that of 136 gray- 24-hour basis and later in the year ceased feeding only dur- ling examined, Coleoptera (of terrestrial origin) occurred in ing darkness (Reed 1964). Active feeding habits are evident 14.7% of the feeding fish. Terrestrial insects are no doubt from the small number of empty stomachs seen during studies more available to grayling inhabiting the smaller streams with of food habits. Reed (1964) found no empty stomachs among dense streamside vegetation. For example, in Shaw Creek, 1,300 grayling collected from 13 watersheds in Alaska. a relatively narrow tributary to the Tanana River that has Others have also found either no empty stomachs or very considerable streamside vegetation, grayling fed mostly on few (Yoshihara 1972, de Bruyn and McCart 1974). terrestrial in'sects (Reed 1964). Although grayling often live in proximity to other fish, At certain times of the year, and in some systems, food few studies have been done on interspecific competition for other than insects may constitute a large part of the diet. food. In a study of the food of gray ling, whitefish and lake Grayling sometimes concentrate near spawning salmon and charr (Salvelinus namaycush) in Tangle Lakes (Tanana River feed heavily on salmon eggs (Schallock 1966, Alt 1980); they drainage), Wojcik (1954) concluded that the three species also feed on the eggs of inconnu, (Stenodus leucichthys) (Alt do not compete with each other for food. Grayling fed mostly 1969), and occasionally on eggs of their own kind (Warner on zooplankton and the whitefish on benthic organisms; 1958). Fish normally are not a part of the grayling diet, but although lake charr fed on both zooplankton and benthos grayling in the Gulkana River (a tributary of the Copper when young, they ate other fish when older. Wojcik also River) were reported to eat fry of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhyn- observed that grayling in the Delta Clearwater River fed ac- 12 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

T,o,BLE 5. POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR GRAYIJNG LONGER THAN Research Unit, pers. comm.). Brown and Buck (1939) 150-MM FORK LENGTH IN INDEX SECTIONS OF THE CHENA RIVER, reported that under hatchery conditions some grayling fry 1968 TO 1979 began eating 4 days after hatching and all fish were feeding Grayling by the eighth day, at a water temperature of 11 oc. River section and year Dates per mile River mile 6-8 1971 Aug 30-Sept 3 613 (University Ave. to 1972 June 22-26 497 POPULATION ESTIMATES Peger Rd. in Fairbanks) 1973 July 10-13 469 1974 June 26-28 104 Determining the number of grayling in the rivers, streams, 1976 Aug 19-21 413 and lakes of Alaska is difficult. Ice and floods have made 1977 Aug 5-8 511 the effective operation of weirs nearly impossible, and mark- 1978 July 1-3 91 recapture studies usually estimate only the proportion of a 1979 July 1-3 91 population that the sampling gear is capable of taking. River mile 8-11 1968 1,095 Most studies have been designed to estimate the grayling (Peger Rd. to Wendell 1969 1,890 population in selected sections of a river. By repeating these St. in Fairbanks) 1970 July 2-10 1,479 estimates in the same areas year after year, long-term trends 1971 Aug 30-Sept 3 2,095 in the relative abundance of grayling may become apparent 1972 June 22-26 978 (Table 5). Usually these estimates have been made by cap- 1973 July 3-10 679 turing grayling with a boat-mounted electrofishing unit (Van 1974 June 25-28 642 Hulle 1968), marking and releasing the fish for 2 to 3 days, 1976 July 22-24 654 1977 July11-14 511 and recapturing the fish with the same gear to determine a 1978 July 25-28 259 ratio of marked to unmarked fish on a later day. Due to the 1979 July 26-30 321 selectivity of electrofishing gear for larger grayling, only fish longer than 150 mm were captured in most studies. In other River mile 26.5-29.5 1979 Aug 20-23 283 studies hook and line, gill nets, and seines have been used (2-5 miles above mouth as collecting gears for population estimates (Roguski and of Little Chena River) Tack 1970, Engel 1973, Hammerstrom 1975, Alt 1976, Dam site 1972 June 27-29 1,306 Gwartney 1980). (near river mile 45) 1973 July 18-19 800 The largest number of grayling found in any one location 1974 July 9-11 416 in Alaska was in a stream between Long Tangle Lake and 1976 Aug 4-6 489 Lower Tangle Lake, about 20 miles west of Paxson. By us- 1977 July 26-30 507 ing hook and line, Roguski and Tack (1970) estimated 36,985 1978 Aug 8-ll 553 1979 July 17-20 308 grayling of "catchable" size were in this stream. They concluded that the area was a major feeding area for fish from most of the Tangle Lakes system. At the outlet of Lower Ugashik Lake in Bristol Bay, tively at or near the water surface whereas whitefish tended numbers of catchable grayling have been estimated to range to live in deep holes and were less active. By contrast, Pearse from 1,180 to 2,053 (Paddock and Whitehead 1970, ( 1974) compared the organisms in the stomachs of two round Siedelman and Cunningham 1972, Gwartney 1980). whitefish and Arctic grayling and concluded that both species Although this area provides some of the finest grayling preferred, and possibly competed for, the same food items. fishing in Alaska, only 159 of the fish were estimated to be Where juvenile Arctic charr and grayling occur together, they of "trophy" size-i.e., 1.36 kg or heavier (Siedelman and may feed on similar food items (Craig and Poulin 1975). Cunningham 1972). I found one reference to the food and feeding of young- Some of the lakes to which only a hundred or so grayling of-the-year Arctic grayling in Alaska. Elliott (1980) deter- were transplanted now support spawning populations of near- mined the taxa of aquatic invertebrates eaten by 80 young- ly 2,000. In Crescent Lake, near Moose Pass on the Seward of-the-year grayling captured in streams along the route of Highway, Engel ( 1973) used seines and gill nets to estimate the trans-Alaska pipeline. Immature stages of chironomid an adult population of 1 ,756. In Bench Lake, also on the midges were most often eaten, although up to 18 other taxa Kenai Peninsula, a population of 1,931 adults was estimated were also found in the stomachs (Elliott 1980, 1982). In- by Hammerstrom (1975) using gill nets and hook and line. jl sects of terrestrial origin were consumed in greater numbers Estimates of numbers of grayling per mile in selected rivers as the season progressed and finally surpassed the number of Alaska have ranged from 42 to 2,095 (Tables 5 and 6). of aquatic invertebrates in two of the stream systems. Young- As an index of abundance, these estimates may show trends of-the-year grayling stocked in barren lakes depended heavily in population fluctuation. For instance, in the section of the on midge pupae (Tim Jennings, Alaska Cooperative Fishery Chena River from Peger Road to Wendell Street (river mile Alaska Review Article 13

8 to II) and at the dam site (near river mile 45), grayling TABLE 6. POPULATION ESTIMATES3 OF GRAYLING PER MILE IN numbers seemingly declined: estimates in 1979 equaled on- SELECTED RIVERS IN ALASKA ly about one-third of those made 7 to 10 years earlier (Table River Grayling per mile 5). Kuparuk (Alt 1976)

1975 145 RECOMMENDATIONS Lower Goodpaster (Peckham 1979) Although much information has been gathered on the life 1973 770 history of Arctic grayling in Alaska, several major gaps re- 1974 323 main. Some of these gaps may be critical to the future 1975 760 management of grayling, especially as land and resource 1976 563 1977 development and angler pressure continue to increase. 604 1978 749 Although any further information on the habitat requirements and life history of Arctic grayling will help us to understand Salcha (Tack 1973, Kramer 1975) and better manage the species, needs for certain data are more 1972 805 strongly indicated than others. 1975 1,224 1. Studies of the early life history, especially the first year Upper Susitna (ADF&G 1981) oflife, ofArctic grayling. Alteration of habitat may have 1981 (Clearwater tributaries, 501 a greater effect on grayling during their first year than Main Susitna) 121 at any other time. What are their habitat requirements? What do they eat? How long do they remain in the vicinity Talachulitna (Kubik and Chlupack 1975) of their hatching site? Do they compete with young round 1974 42 whitefish, chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Dolly Varden charr, or other species for food and space? aA!l estimates were based on capture by boat-mounted elec- Tiny larval grayling are easily harmed by changing en- trofishing unit except by Alaska Department of Fish and Game vironmental conditions. What are some of the major (1981) and Alt (1976) who used hook and line. causes of mortality among young grayling? 2. Identities of discrete stocks of Arctic grayling. Despite primary productivity and aquatic insects. Thus far, only nearly 30 years of investigations of the migrations of Arc- general food categories are known for the Arctic gray- tic grayling, little is yet known about the migrations and ling. It is especially important to determine the life stages population dynamics of individual stocks. Do grayling of aquatic insects that are consumed, and to distinguish home to reproduction sites? What stocks contribute to the insects of aquatic origin from those of terrestrial origin. major Alaska grayling fisheries? What are the harvest 4. Studies to determine the effects of stream channelization, rates of individual stocks in our most popular grayling flood control, placer mining, riparian vegetation removal, sport fisheries? Are some stocks being overharvested? and other habitat alterations on Arctic grayling. There What level of harvest can grayling sustain? have been almost no studies of the effects of environmental Two areas of research may help in answering these changes on Arctic grayling in Alaska. questions. (1) Young often grow at different rates within a given river system. Hence, scale analysis of young-of- 5. Research into the culture of grayling in hatcheries and the-year grayling may provide a means of stock separa- best methods of stocking them into rivers. The future suc- tion within some systems. (2) If young grayling stay a cess of some river fisheries may depend on supplemental month or two near the site where they were hatched, coded stocking of hatchery fish. Which stocks might provide the wire tagging of individual stocks may be feasible. This best returns? It is especially important to determine technique may make it possible to identify the migration methods of rearing grayling to a size that will insure high patterns of individual stocks, their contributions to mixed survival after stocking. Hence, experimental feeding and stock fisheries, and their harvest rates within those rearing studies of Arctic grayling in hatcheries are needed. fisheries. 6. Studies of the validity of aging Arctic grayling from 3. More detailed information on the food ofArctic grayling scales. Several investigators have mentioned the difficulty for studying and predicting the effects of various habitat in aging grayling by their scales, especially after age 5. alterations. Studies are under way or planned to deter- Recent studies indicate a considerable difference in age mine the primary and secondary productivity and ecology interpretation, depending on whether scales or otoliths are I of aquatic insects in the upper Chena River. Other studies used. Comparing age interpretations by scales, polished I are planned to determine the effects of placer mining on otoliths, pre-opercular bones, and perhaps vertebrae from I I L 14 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

the same fish may help to determine the validity of using Alt, K. 1978. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish only scales. waters of western Alaska. Alaska Department ofFish and Game, Between 1982 and 1985 several studies were completed Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Perfortnance Report, 1977-1978. Project F-9-10, 19(G-I-P):36-60. that provide information relating to the foregoing recommen- Alt, K. 1980. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish dations. Although the studies do not alter the recommenda- waters of western Alaska. Alaska Department ofFish and Game, tions, readers should be aware that some of the studies have Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Perfonnance Report, made considerable progress toward answering the questions 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 2l(G-I-P):32-59. that I raised. In addition to references appearing after 1982 Anderson, P.R. 1984. Seasonal changes of attached algae in two Alaskan sub-arctic streams. M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska, on grayling in Alaska contained in the comprehensive Fairbanks. 113 pp. bibliography (Armstrong et al. 1986), I draw readers' at- Artnstrong, R. H. 1982. Arctic grayling studies in Alaska. A special tention to the following studies, fully listed in the Literature compilation of the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit Cited section: Anderson (1984) for effects of habitat altera- and Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport Fish Division. tion; Hop (1985) for stock identity; Jennings (1983) for stock- Vol. 1, pp. 1-845; Vol. 2, pp. 846-1593. [Available at Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Alaska, ing experiments; Lee (1985) for species interactions in young Fairbanks]. fish; Ridder (1983, 1984) for life cycles of particular stocks; Artnstrong, R. H., H. Hop and J. H. Triplehorn. 1986. Indexed Sikstrom (1983) for techniques in age determination; Sim- bibliography of the holarctic genus Thymallus (gray ling) to 1985. mons (1983), Van Nieuwenhuyse (1983), and Wagener Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, this issue. (1984) for effects of sedimentation from placer mining; Bendock, T. 1979. Inventory and cataloging of arctic area waters. Walker (1983) for growth of young fish; and West (1982) Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish for effects of heavy metals. Restoration, Annual Perfonnance Report, 1978-1979. Project F-9-11, 20(G-I-I). 64 pp. Brown, C. and C. Buck, Jr. 1939. When do trout and grayling fry begin to take food? Journal of Wildlife Management 3(2): 134-140. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Craig, P. C. and V. A. Poulin. 1974. Life history and movements of grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus a/pinus) I thank James B. Reynolds, Alaska Cooperative Fishery in a small tundra stream tributary to the Kavik River, Alaska. In P. J. McCart, ed. Life histories of Research Unit and Willard E. Barber, University of Alaska, anadromous and fresh water fishes in the western Arctic. Cana- Fairbanks, for reviewing the manuscript and making many dian Arctic Gas Study, Ltd., Calgary, Biological Report Series useful suggestions; Kathryn delaFuente of the Department 20(2). 54 pp. of English, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, for reviewing Craig, P. C. and V. A. Poulin. 1975. Movements and growth of the manuscript; Steve Tack, for his summary of migration Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus a/pinus) in a small arctic stream, Alaska. Journal habits of Arctic grayling in Alaska (which greatly facilitated of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32:689-697. my review of this complicated aspect of the life history) and de Bruyn, M. and P. McCart. 1974. Life history of the grayling for reviewing the manuscript; Laurie Weidlich, Sport Fish (Thymallus arcticus) in Beaufort Sea drainages in the Yukon Ter- Division, Alaska Department ofFish and Game for providing ritory.ln P. J. McCart, ed. Fisheries research associated with encouragement and help throughout the project; and Terra proposed gas pipeline routes in Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Shideler for typing drafts of the manuscript. Territories. Canadian Arctic Study, Ltd., Calgary, Biological Report Series 15(2). 39 pp. Elliott, G. V. 1980. First interim report on the evaluation of stream crossings and effects of channel modifications on fishery resources along the route of the trans-Alaska pipeline. U. S. LITERATURE CITED Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Studies, Anchorage. 77 pp. Elliott, G. V. 1982. Final report on the evaluation of stream cross- Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1981. Resident fish investiga- ings and effects of channel modifications on fishery resources tion on the upper Susitna River. Phase I Final Draft Report. along the route of the trans-Alaska pipeline. U. S. Fish and Susitna Hydro Aquatic studies. Subtask 7 .10. Pp. (E-3-1)- Wildlife Service, Special Studies, Anchorage. 110 pp. (E-3-66). Engel, L. 1965. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish and sport Allin, R. 1957. Catch distribution, composition and size structure; fish waters on the Kenai Peninsula, Cook Inlet-Prince William sport fishing-Anchorage area. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sound areas. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1964-1965. tion, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-l-R-6. Work Plan Project F-5-R-6, 6(7-A):1ll-127. A, Job No. 2A 6(1, 2, 3). 18 pp. Engel, L. 1970. Evaluation of sport fish stocking on the Kenai Alt, K. 1969. Taxonomy and ecology of the inconnu, Stenodus Peninsula-Cook Inlet areas. Alaska Department of Fish and leucichthys nelma, in Alaska. Biological Papers of the Univer- Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Prog- sity of Alaska, No. 12. 63 pp. ress, 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, 11(7-C-1):109-127. Alt, K. 1976. Inventory and cataloging of North Slope waters. Engel, L. 1971. Evaluation of sport fish stocking on the Kenai Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Peninsula-Cook Inlet areas. Alaska Department of Fish and Restoration, Annual Perfonnance Report, 1975-1976. Project Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Prog- F¥8, 17(G-I-0):129-150. ress, 1970-1971. Project F-9-3, 12(G-ll-F). 34 pp. T

Alaska Review Article 15

Engel, L. 1973. Inventory and cataloging of Kenai Peninsula, Cook Kubik, S. and R. Chlupach. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of sport Inlet, and Prince William Sound drainages and fish stocks. fish and sport fish waters of the lower Susitna and central Cook Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Inlet drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1972-1973. Project Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, F-9-5, 14(G-I-C). 25 pp. 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, 16(G-I-H):l82-207. Falk, M. R. and D. V. Gillman. 1974. Impact of a sport fishery Lee, K. M. 1985. Resource partitioning and behavioral interac- on Arctic grayling in the Brabant Island area, Northwest Ter- tions among juvenile young-of-the-year salmonids, Chena River, ritories. Canada Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 84 pp. Marine Service, Fisheries Operations Directorate, Data Report No. CEN/T-74-7. 21 pp. Maciolek, J. A. and R. R. Needham. 1952. Ecological effects of Furniss, R. 1974. Inventory and cataloging of arctic area waters. winter conditions on trout and trout foods in Convict Creek, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish California, 1951. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1973-1974. Project 81(1951) :202-217. F-9-6, 15(G-I-I). 45 pp. McCart, P., P. Craig, and H. Bain. 1972. Report on fisheries in- Furniss, R. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of arctic area waters. vestigations in the Sagavanirktok River and neighboring Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish drainages. Report to Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project Bellevue, WA. 170 pp. F-9-7, 16(G-I-I). 47 pp. Mills, M. J. 1979. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest studies. Grabacki, S. T. 1981. Effects of exploitation on the population Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish dynamics of Arctic grayling in the Chena River, Alaska. M.S. Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1978-1979. Project Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 113 pp. F-9-11, 20(SW-I-A). 112 pp. Gwartney, L. 1980. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport Mills, M. J. 1981. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest studies (1980). fish waters of the Bristol Bay area. Alaska Department of Fish Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1980-1981. Project Report, 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 21(G-I-E). 20 pp. F-9-13, 22(SW-I-A). 107 pp. Hallberg, J. 1980. Population structure, migratory patterns and Morrow, J. E. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. Alaska North- habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. Alaska Department west Publishing Co., Anchorage. 248 pp. ofFish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Per- Nelson, P. H. 1954. Life history and management of the American formance Report, 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 21(R-I-A). 22 pp. grayling (Thymallus signifer tricolor) in Montana. Journal of Hammerstrom, S. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of Kenai Penin- Wildlife Management 18:324-342. sula, Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound, and fish stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Nordeng, H. 1961. On the biology of char (Salvelinus alpinus) in tion, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, Salangen, North Norway. Zoologi 10:67-121. 16(G-I-C):27-68. Paddock, D. 1968. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish and Heckart, L. and E. Roguski. 1906. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish waters in the Bristol Bay and lower Kuskokwim sport fish and sport fish waters in the interior of Alaska. Alaska drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1967-1968. tion, Annual Report of Progress, 1965-1966. Project F-5-R-7, Project F-5-R-9, 9(12-A):205-222. 7(15-A):215-229. Paddock, D. 1969. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish and Holmes, R. A. 1981. Angler effort, exploitation, and values on the sport fish waters of the Bristol Bay and lower Kuskokwim upper Chena River, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid Alaska, Fairbanks. 105 pp. in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1968-1969. Hop, H. 1985. Stock identification and homing of Arctic grayling Project F-9-1, 10(12-A):247-264. Thymallus arcticus (Pallas) in interior Alaska. M.S. Thesis, Paddock, D. and M. Whitehead. 1970. Inventory and cataloging University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 220 pp. of the sport fish and sport fish waters of the Bristol Bay and Jennings. T. R. 1983. Survival, growth and food habits of young- lower Kuskokwim drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and of-the-year Arctic grayling stocked in barren, sub-arctic lakes. Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Prog- M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 69 pp. ress, 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, ll(l2-A):213-227. Kalb, C. and R. Peckham. 1975. Evaluation of interior Alaska waters and sport fish with emphasis on stocked lakes. Alaska Pearse, G. A. 1974. A study of a typical spring-fed stream of Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal tion, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1973-74. 1()(G-III-E):52-77. Project F-9-6(G-III-G). 49 pp. Kogl, D. 1971. Monitoring and evaluation of arctic waters with Pearse, G. A. 1976. Study oftypical spring-fed streams of interior emphasis on the North Slope drainages: Colville River study. Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1975-1976. Proj- Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1970-1971. Project ect F-9-8, 17(G-III-G). 17 pp. F-9-3, 12(G-III-A):23-61. Pearse, G. A. 1978. Inventory and cataloging of interior waters Kramer, M. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of interior Alaska with emphasis on the upper Yukon and the haul road areas. waters-Fairbanks district. Alaska Department of Fish and Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1977-1978. Project Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, 16(G-I-G):145-181. F-9-10, 19(G-I-N). 12 pp. Kratt, L. F. and R. J. F. Smith. 1977. A post-hatching sub-gravel Peckham, R. 1977. A study of a typical spring-fed stream of in- stage in the life history of the Arctic grayling, Thymallus arc terior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal ticus. Transactie>ns of the American Fisheries Society Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, I 106(3):241-243. 1976-1977. Project F-9-9, 18(G-III-0):50-64. I I i t L 16 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

Peckham, R. 1978. A study of a typical spring-fed stream of in- Simmons, R. C. 1984. Effects of placer mining sedimentation on terior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Arctic grayling of interior Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, Alaska, Fairbanks. 75 pp. 1977-1978. Ptoject F-9-10, 19(G-III-G):22-45. Tack, E. 1938. Trout mortality from the formation of suspended Peckham, R. 1979. Evaluation of interior Alaska waters and sport ice crystals. Fischerei-Zeitung 9(4):42. Reviewed in Progressive fish with emphasis on managed waters, Delta District. Alaska Fish-Culturist 1938(37) :26. Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Tack, S. L. 1971. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of tion, Annual Performance Report, 1978-1979. Project F-9-10, the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Depart- l9(G-III-I):63-81. ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Peckham, R. and W. Ridder. 1979. A study of a typical spring-fed nual Report of Progress, 1970-1971. Ptoject F-9-3, 12(R-I). 35 stream of interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, pp. Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, Tack, S. L. 1972. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of 1978-1979. Project F-9-12, 19(G-Ill-G):25-63. . the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Depart- Reed, R. 1960. Investigation of the Tanana River grayling fisheries. ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish nual Report of Progress, 1971-1972. Project F-9-4, l3(R-I). 36 Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1959-1960. Project pp. F-5-R-1, 1(3):95-101. Tack, S. L. 1973. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of Reed, R. 1964. Life history of migration patterns of Arctic gray- the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Depart- ling, Thymallus arcticus (Pallas), in the Tanana River drainage ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- of Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Research nual Report of Ptogress, 1972-1973. Project F-9-5, 14(R-I). 34 Report No. 2. 30 pp. pp. Ridder, W. 1980. A study of a typical spring-fed stream of interior Tack, S. L. 1974. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Depart- Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1979-1980. Proj- ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- ect F-9-12, 21(G-III-G):43-93. nual Performance Report, 1973-1974. Ptoject F-9-6, 15(R-I). Ridder, W. 1983. A study of a typical spring-fed stream of interior 52 pp. Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Tack, S. L. 1975. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1982-1983. Ptoj- the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Depart- ect F-9-15, 24(G-III-G). 54 pp. ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Ridder, W. 1984. The life history and population dynamics of ex- nual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, 16(R-l). ploited stocks of Arctic grayling associated with the Delta and 35 pp. Richardson Clearwater Rivers. Alaska Department ofFish and Tack, S. L. 1980. Migrations and distribution of Arctic grayling Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance in interior and arctic Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Report, 1983-1984. Project F-9-16, 25(G-III-G). 49 pp. Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Roguski, E. A. 1967. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish Report, 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 2l(R-I). 32 pp. and sport fish waters in the interior of Alaska. Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Van Hulle, F. 1968. Investigation of the fish populations in the nual Report of Progress, 1966-1967. Project F-5-R-8, Chena River. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal 8(16-B):231-246. Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1967-1968. Roguski, E. A. and S. L. Tack. 1970. Investigations of the Tanana Project F-5-R-9, 9(15-8):287-304. River and Tangle Lakes grayling fisheries: Migratory and Van Hulle, F. and J. Murray. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of population study. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal the sport fish and sport fish waters in southwest Alaska. Alaska Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1969-1970. Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Project F-9-2, 11(16-B). 17 pp. tion, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, Roguski, E. A. and P. Winslow. 1969. Investigations of the Tanana 16(G-I-B). 26 pp. River and Tangle Lakes grayling fisheries: Migratory and Van Nieuwenhuyse, E. E. 1983. The effects of placer mining on population study. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal the primary productivity of interior Alaska streams. M.S. Thesis, Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1968-1969. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 120 pp. Project F-9-1, l0(16-B):333-35l. VanWyhe, G. 1962. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and Schallock, E. 1965. Investigations of the Tanana River grayling sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William Sound fisheries, migratory study. Alaska Department of Fish and drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Prog- in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1961-1962. ress, 1964-1965. Project F-5-R-6, 6(16-B):307-319. Ptoject F-5-R-3, 3(11-A):227-243. Schallock, E. 1966. Grayling life history related to a hydroelectric VanWyhe, G. 1963. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and development on the Chatanika River in interior Alaska. M.S. sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William Sound Thesis, University of Alaska. Fi!irbanks. 113 pp. drainages, Tyone River and Susitna River drainage above Oshet- Schmidt, D. and W. J. O'Brien. 1982. Planktivorous feeding na (water adjacent to Denali Highway). Alaska Department of ecology of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Canadian Jour- Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report nal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39(3):475-482. of Progress, 1962-1963. Project F-5-R-4, 4(11-A):439-450. Siedelman, D. and P. Cunningham. 1972. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish and sport fish waters of the Bristol Bay area. VanWyhe, G. 1964. Investigations of the Tanana River grayling Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish fisheries: Migration study. Alaska Department of Fish and Restoration, Annual Report of Progress. 1971-1972. Project Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Prog- F-9-4, 13(G-I-E):67-83. ress, 1963-1964. Project F-5-R-5, 5(14-B):353-368. Sikstrom, C. B. 1983. Otolith, pectoral fin ray, and scale age deter- Vascotto, G. L. 1970. Summer ecology and behavior of the gray- mination for Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Progressive ling of McManus Creek, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Fish-Culturist 45(4):220-223. Alaska, Fairbanks. 132 pp. Alaska Review Article 17

Vascotto, G. L. and J. E. Morrow. 1973. Behavior of the Arctic Williams, F. T. 1971. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and grayling, Thymallus arcticus, in McManus Creek, Alaska. sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William Sound Biological Papers of the University of Alaska No. 13:29-38. drainages and the upper Susitna River drainage. Alaska Depart- Wagener, S. M. 1984. Effects of placer gold mining on stream ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- macroinvertebrates of interior Alaska. M.S. Thesis, Universi- nual Report of Progress, 1970-1971. Project F-9-3, ty of Alaska, Fairbanks. 99 pp. 12(G-l-F): 117-136. Walker, R. J. 1983. Growth of young-of-the-year salmonids in :he Williams, F. T. 1972. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and Chena River, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fair- sport fish waters ofthe Copper River and Prince William Sound banks. 147 pp. drainage, and the upper Susitna River drainages. Alaska Depart ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Warner, G. W. 1955. Spawning habits of grayling in interior nual Report of Progress, 1971-1972. Project F-9-4, 13(G-I- Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Com- F):85-110. mission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Williams, F. T. and C. Morgan. 1974. Inventory and cataloging Report. Project F-l-R-5, Work PlanE, Job No. l, 5(2). 10 pp. of sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince Warner, G. W. 1957. Environmental studies of grayling as related William Sound drainages, and the upper Susitna River drainage. to spawning, migration and distribution. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1973-1974. Project Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-l-R-6, Work F-9-6, l5(G-I-F). 24 pp. Plan C, Job 3a, 6(4). 14 pp. Wojcik, F. 1953. Migration, growth rate, and food habits of gray- Warner, G. W. 1958. Environmental studies of grayling in Alaska. ling in the Little Salcha River near Fairbanks, Alaska. U. S. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-7, Work Plan C, Job 3b, 7(3). 14 pp. Project F-1-R-2, Work Plan 3, Job l, 2. 6 pp. Watling, H. and C. J.D. Brown. 1955. The embryological develop- Wojcik, F. 1954. Spawning habits of grayling in interior Alaska. ment of the American grayling (Thymallus signifer tricolor) from U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, fertilization to hatching. Transactions of the American Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Microscopical Society 74(1):85-93. Project F-l-R-4, 4(1). 3 pp. West, R. L. 1982. Kantishna Hills heavy metals investigations, Wojcik, F. 1955. Life history and management of the grayling in Denali National Park. U. S. National Park Service. Contract interior Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. No. 14-16-0007-82-5524. 36 pp. 54 pp. Williams, F. T. 1969. Grayling investigations on Tolsona and Yoshihara, H. T. 1972. Monitoring and evaluation of arctic waters Moose Lakes. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal with emphasis on the North Slope drainages. Alaska Depart- Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1968-1969. ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, An- Project F-9-1, l0(14-B):291-300. nual Report of Progress. Project F-9-4, l3(G-III-A): l-49. I I r INDEXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUS THYMALLUS (GRAYLING) TO 1985

RoBERT H. ARMSTRONG, 1 HAAKON HoP,2 AND JULIA H. TRIPLEHORN3

INTRODUCTION Thymallus arcticus mertensi (Valenciennes, 1848)- Kamchatka grayling This bibliography contains 1,314 published and unpub- Thymallus arcticus pallasi (Valenciennes, 1848)-East lished references on the genus Thymallus (Cuvier, 1929) to Siberian (Vostok-Siberian) grayling 1985. The references are listed alphabetically by author; Thymallus brevirostris kozovi (Dashidorzhi et al., 1968)- multiple publications by the same author are listed by year Mongolian Kozovi grayling of publication, the earliest being listed first. INFRASUBSPECIES: The title of each reference is in the original language Thymallus arcticus baicalensis infrasubspecies brevipinnis following the year of publication. Insofar as possible English (Svetovidov, 1936)-(White) Baikal grayling translations of foreign titles are given in parentheses, and Thymallus arcticus grubei natio mertensi (Valenciennes, the language of each foreign reference is shown at the end 1848)-Anadyr/Kamchatka grayling of the reference. References from Czechoslovakia are listed as Czech (includes Czech and Slovak) and all references from Arctic and European grayling have appeared in the literature Yugoslavia are listed as Serbo-Croatian. When possible, we under a variety of synonyms. Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, have given the entire names of journals and reports. Ab- 1776) in North America was previously, before Walter's breviations were used only when we were unable to deter- (1955) work, classified as the following species: mine full journal names. Each reference is numbered, and Thymallus (arcticus) signifer (Richardson, 1823)-Arctic these numbers are used in the taxonomic, geographic, and grayling subject indexes. Key words were selected for papers that we Thymallus montanus (Milner, 1874)-Montana grayling were able to obtain (indicated by asterisks in the list), or from Thymallus ontariensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes)--Ontario the titles or abstracts of others. grayling (based on only two specimens) For the taxonomic index we have used the scientific name Thymallus tricolor (Cope, 1865)-Michigan grayling provided by the authors. No attempt was made to combine synonyms, and we have retained subspecies names if given. An old synonym used for Arctic grayling is: For references in which no scientific name was provided we Thymallus lewisii (Henshall, 1898)-Montana grayling have used the most likely taxon. As an aid to using the tax- European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758), onomic index we provide the following list of species, has sometimes been listed with following synonyms: subspecies, and infrasubspecies together with their common names: Coregonia thymallus (LaCepede, 1803; Noreau, 1911) Salmo thymallus (Linnaeus, 17 58) SPECIES: Thymallus arcticus (Borisov, 1923) Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)-Arctic grayling Thymallus delanis (Valenciennes) Thymallus brevirostris (Kessler, 1879)-Mongolian grayling Thymallus gymnogaster (Valenciennes) Thymallus nigrescens (Dorogostajskij, 1923)-Kosogol Thymallus gymnothorax (Valenciennes) grayling Thymallus microlepis (Steindachner) Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758)-European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Regan, 1911; Ekman, 1922; Berg, SUBSPECIES: 1916; Domracev and Pravdin, 1926) Thymallus arcticus arcticus (Svetovidov, 1936)-Siberian Thymallus thymallus kamensis (Lukas, 1929) grayling Thymallus thymallus morpha lacustris (Balon, 1962) Thymallus arcticus baicalensis (Dybowski, 1874)-(Black) Thymallus vexillifer (Agassiz, 1848; Valenciennes, 1848; Baikal grayling Heckel and Kner, 1858; Blanchard, 1866; Fatio, 1890) Thymallus arcticus grubei (Dybowski, 1869)-Amur Thymallus vulgaris (Nilsson, 1863; Siebold, 1863; Kessler, grayling 1864; Smitt, 1895; Otterstrom, 1914; Thienemann, 1926)

1Present address: 5870 Thane Rd., 2 Alaska Cooperative Fishery Re- 3 Geophysical Institute, University Juneau. Alaska 99801. search Unit, University of Alaska, of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775- Fairbanks, Alaska 9977 5-0 110. 0800.

19 20 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

A geographic index is provided by country. For the United In addition to the computer searches listed above we have States·, Canada, and the British Isles we have further indexed hand searched the literature cited sections of the references the references by state, province, or country. that we have on file. Other sources hand searched were the The subjects chosen for the key word index were the ones following: that we believed would best fit a bibliography on grayling; they were not taken from a standard thesaurus. The key Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish words were interpreted broadly in indexing the references Restoration, Annual Reports of Progress, 1952-1973, An- (e.g., the key word "competition" includes both intra- and nual Performance Reports 1974-1984. interspecific competiton). References not available for review by us may contain information on additional subjects not Carter, N. M. 1%8. Index and list of titles. Fisheries of Canada and Associated Publications, mentioned in the index. Research Board 1900-1964. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. The references that we obtained are on file at the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, 138 Arctic Health Cvancara, V. A. 1977-1980. Current References in Fish Building, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska Research. Vol. 11-V. 99775-0110. In general the references are available for use within the Arctic Health Building only. If, however, it is im Cvancara, V. A. 1982-1984. Current References in Fish possible to obtain a reference of interest from a library or Research. Vol. VII-IX. from the distributing agency, a photocopy can be obtained Cvancara, V. A. and P. Cindy. 1981. Current References (for a fee) by writing to this address. For Alaska, all Federal in Fish Research. Vol. VI, 204 pp. Aid in Fish Restoration Reports dealing with Arctic grayling through 1980 have been compiled, bound, and indexed Cvancara, V. A. and L. P. Paulus. 1976. Current References (Armstrong 1982; see review article this volume). This com- in Fish Research. Vol. I, 78 pp. pilation is available for use at the Unit office, and can also Pfeifer, W. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the fishes be obtained from the Rasmuson Library, University of of the Beaufort Sea and adjacent regions. Biological Papers Alaska, Fairbanks. of the University of Alaska. No. 17, 79 pp. Sport Fishery Abstracts. 1955-1983. Vol. 1-28. Government Sources Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Computer searches were conducted on the following: Swann, C. G. and E. M. Donaldson. 1980. Bibliography Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts. 1972-1984. Infor- of salmonid reproduction, 1963-1979, for the family mation Retrieval Limited, London. Vol. 2-14. Salmonidae; subfamilies Salmoninae, Coregoninae and Biological Abstracts; Biological Abstracts, RRM; and Thymallinae. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Bioresearch Index. BioScience Information Service, Aquatic Sciences. No. 970, 221 pp. Philadelphia. ( 1970-1984). Vol. 51-78. Vincent, R. E. 1965. Bibliography of the Arctic grayling, The key words used were: Thymallus arcticus, of North America. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife THYMALLUS, ARCTIC GRAYLING, GRAYLING, Circular 213, 15 pp. HARR, HARJUS, LIPAN, KHARIUS, EUROPEAN GRAYLING, VLAGZALM, TEMOLO, STALLING, Zoological Record. 1960-1982. Vol. 97-119. Zoological AESCHE, ASCHE, LIPIEN, PENZES, OMBRE. Society of London. Worldwide Bibliography 21

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(An asterisk indicates that the authors have read the article and that it is on file at the Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Alaska.)

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101. Berg, L. S. 1908. Preliminary observations on 110. Bianchi, D. R. 1964. South central Montana fisheries European-Asiatic Salmonids, mainly on the genus Thymallus. study: Str~am sediment investigation. Montana Fish and In Yezhegodnik Zool. Muzeya Imperskoy Akademii Nauk Game, Project No. F-020-R-08, Job 03. 9 pp.* (Yearbook of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial T. arcticus Montana mortality Academy of Sciences.) St. Petersburg. Vol. 12. In Russian. Asia Europe USSR general works taxonomy 111. Bickford, W. M. 1914. Notes on the Montana grayling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society L. 102. Berg, S. 1909. Fishes of the Amur basin. Zapiski 43:153-155. * Akademie Nauk SSSR Po Fiziko-Mathematicheskomu T. montanus Montana historical stocking and trans- Otdeleniiu Vol. XXIV, Ser. 8, No. 9. In Russian. planting T. arcticus grubei USSR general works 112. Bielek, E. 1971. Die Entwicklung der Niere bei Asche 103. Berg, L. S. 1924. The Kamchatka grayling (Thymallus (Thymallus thymallus L.) und Hecht (Esox lucius L.) und arcticus pallasi Val.). Izvestiya Otdela Prikladnol Ikhtiologii ihre Stellung in der Gesamtentwicklung. (Kidney develop- i Nauchno-Promyslovykh Issledovanif 2. In Russian. ment in the grayling and pike and their position in overall T. arcticus pallasi USSR taxonomy development.) Diss. Ph.D., Wien. In German. 104. Berg, L. S. 1936. The occurrence in Asia of Thymallus T. thymallus Austria embryonic period arcticus signifer, Coregonus nasus, and Catostomus catostomus rostratus. Copeia 1936(1):58. In English. 113. Bielek, E. 1974. Beitrag zur Ontogenese der Blut- T. arcticus signifer Asia distribution bildung bei den Teleostiern I. Blutbildentwicklung bei der Asche (Thymallus thymallus L.). (Observations on the on- 105. Berg, L. S. 1947. Classification of fishes both recent togenesis of haemopoiesis in teleosts. I. Development of the and fossil. J. W. Edwards Co., Ann Arbor, MI. Pp. 238, blood picture of the grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.].) 427. In English and Russian.* Zoologische Jahrbticher fUr Anatomie 93(5):243-258. InGer- USSR anatomy and morphology taxonomy man with English summary.* 106. Berg, L. S. 1948. Ryby presnykh vod SSSR i T. thymallus Austria blood sopredel'nykh stran. (Freshwater fishes of the USSR and 114. Bielek, E. 1974. Beitrag zur Ontogenese der Blut- neighboring countries.) Vol. L Pp. 421435. USSR Academy bildung bei den Teleostiern II. Entwicklung der blutbildenen of Science Press, Moscow. In Russian.* Organe bei der Asche (Thymallus thymallus L.). (Observa- T. arcticus T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus baicalen tions on the ontogenesis of haemopoiesis in teleosts. II. sis infrasubspecies brevipinnis T. arcticus grubei T. arcti Development of haemopoietic organs in the grayling cus grubei natio mertensi T. arcticus pallasi T. breviros [Thymallus thymallus L.].) Zoologische JahrbUcher fUr tris T. nigrescens T. thymallus USSR anatomy and Anatomie 93(5) :259-271. In German with English morphology distribution general works illustrations summary.* taxonomy T. thymallus Austria blood 107. Berg, L. S. 1962. Freshwater fishes of USSR and neighboring countries. Vol. I. Published for the National 115. Bielek, E. 1974. Die Entwicklung der Asche Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. and the Smithsonian (Thymallus thymallus L.). (The development of the grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.].) Institution by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Zoologische Jahrbiicher fUr Jerusalem. Pp. 446-461. English translation.* Anatomie. 92: 13 7-162. In German with English summary.* T. arcticus T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus baicalen T. thymallus Austria egg incubation embryonic peri- sis infrasubspecies brevipinnis T. arcticus grubei T. arcti od illustrations larvae cus grubei natio mertensi T. arcticus pallasi T. breviros 116. Bielek, E. 1974. Die Entwicklung der Niere von Asche tris T. nigrescens T. thymallus USSR anatomy and (Thymallus thymallus L.) und Hecht (Esox lucius L.). (The morphology distribution general works illustrations development of the kidney of the grayling [Thymallus taxonomy thymallus L.] and the pike [Esox lucius L.].) Zoologische 108. Berg, L. S. et al. 1949. The commercial fishes of the Jahrbiicher fiir Anatomie 92:163-180. In German with USSR. Food Industries Press, Moscow. 787 pp. In Russian. English summary.* USSR general works T. thymallus Austria embryonic period

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117. Bielek, E. 1978. Elektronenmikroskopische Unter- 124. Bishop, F. G. 1975. Observations on the fish fauna suchungen der Blutzellen der Teleostier I. Erythrocyten. of the Peace River in Alberta, Canada. Canadian Field- (Electron microscopical studies of blood cells in teleosts I. Naturalist 89(4):423-430. Erythrocytes.) Zoologische Jahrbiicher fUr Anatomie T. arcticus Alberta distribution 100:579-591. In German with English summary.* 125. Bissell, J, H. 1890. Grayling in Michigan. Transac- T. thymallus Austria blood tions of the American Fisheries Society 19:27-29. 118. Bielek, E. 1979. Elektronenmikroskopische Unter- T. tricolor Michigan historical suchungen der Blutzellen der Teleostier II. Thrombocyten. 126. Blachuta, J., M. Kowalewski and A. Witkowski. (Electron microscopical studies of blood cells in teleosts II. 1982(?). Fecundity of three grayling (Thymallus thymallus) Thrombocytes.) Zoologische Jahrbiicher fiir Anatomie populations of various growth rates. 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Bay, Alaska, and the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Ter- 1980. An assessment of environmental effects of construc- ritories, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research 7(2): 183-198. * tion and operation of the proposed Tyee Lake hydroelectric . T. arcticus Alaska distribution spawning project, Petersburg and Wrangell, Alaska. Arctic En- vironmental Information and Data Center, University of 200. Craig, P. C. and G. J, Mann. 1974. Life history and Alaska, Anchorage. distribution of the Arctic cisco (Co reg onus autumnalis) along T. arcticus Alaska impact assessment the Beaufort Sea coastline in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. In P. J. McCart, ed. Life histories of anadromous and fresh 207. Cumbra, S. L., D. E. McAUister and R. E. Morlan. water fish in the western Arctic. Canadian Arctic Gas Study, 1981. Late Pleistocene fish fossils of Coregonus, Stenodus, Ltd., Calgary. Biological Report Series 20(4):33. Thymallus, Catostomus, Lota and Cottus from the Old Crow T. arcticus Alaska Yukon Territory distribution Basin, northern Yukon, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 18(11):1740-1754. With French summary. 201. Craig, P. C. and V. A. Poulin. 1974. Life history T. articus Yukon Territory fossils and movements of grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus a/pinus) in a small tundra stream 208. Cunningham, P. 1972. Ugashik grayling. Alaska Fish tributary to the Kavik River, Alaska. In P. J. McCart, ed. Tales and Game Trails 30:8. T. arcticus Life histories of anadromous and fresh water fishes in the Alaska fishing, sport trophy grayling western Arctic. Canadian Arctic Gas Study, Ltd., Calgary. 209. Curry-Lindahl, K. 1957. Fiskarna i flirg. (Fishes in Biological Report Series 20(2):53. color.) Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm. 189 pp. In T. arcticus Alaska age age determination growth Swedish. juvenile larvae migration and movements otoliths scale T. thymallus Sweden general works illustrations analysis 210. Curtis, J, E. 1884. Fish in the national park and 202. Craig, P. C. and V. A. Poulin. 1975. Movements and tributaries of Snake River-propagation of whitefish. Bulletin growth of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and juvenile of the U.S. Fish Commission 4:335-336. Arctic char (Salvelinus a/pinus) in a small arctic stream, T. montanus Idaho distribution Worldwide Bibliography 33

211. Curtis, M. 1977. The biology and growth of Montana of Renewable Resources, Resource Planning and Manage- grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Wyoming. Journal of the ment Branch. 46 pp. * Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Science 9(1):9.* T. arcticus Yukon Territory distribution T. arcticus Wyoming age growth management 221. Deacon, J, E., G. Kohetich, J.D. Williams, S. Con- sexual maturity treras and other members of the Endangered Species Committee of the American Fisheries Society. 1979. Fishes 212. Czeczuga, B. 1975. Carotenoids in Fish, Part IV. of North America, endangered, threatened or of special con- Salmonidae and Thymallidae from Polish waters. Hydro- cern: 1979. Fisheries 4(2):29-44. biologia 46(2-3):223-240. In English.* North America historical T. thymallus Poland body pigments 222. Dean, H. D. 1913. Grayling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 42:139-144. North America general works D 213. D., G. 1882. About grayling. Forest and Stream 223. Dean, J.D. andJ. D. Varley. 1973. Fishery manage- 19(18):348. ment program-Yellowstone National Park. U.S. Fish and T. tricolor Michigan historical Wildlife Service, Annual Project Report. Processed report 170 pp. T. arcticus Wyoming management 214. Dahl, J. 1962. Studies on the biology of Danish stream fishes. I. The food of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in some 224. de Bruyn, M. and P. McCart. 1974. Life history of Jutland streams. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskeri-og the grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Beaufort Sea Drainages Havundersegelser N.S. 3:199-264. in the Yukon Territory. In P. J. McCart, ed. Fisheries T. thymallus Denmark competition distribution food research associated with proposed gas pipeline routes in and feeding habits Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Canadian Arctic Study, Ltd., Calgary, Biological Report Series 15(2). 39 pp.* 215. Dahl, K. 1913. Growth of grayling. Norsk Jaeger og T. arcticus Yukon Territory age age determination Fisker Forenings Tidsskrift 42:121. In Norwegian. distribution egg incubation egg size fecundity food T. thymallus Norway growth and feeding habits growth juvenile length frequencies migration and movements otoliths overwintering para- 216. Dahlke, L. W. 1983. Data on the Arctic grayling sport sites sampling techniques scale analysis sex ratio sex- fishery at Kakisa River, Northwest Territories. Canadian ual maturity spawning weight young-of-the-year Data Report, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. No. 390. 15 pp. 225. DMefek, J, 1966. Tradice umeleho chovu lipana a T. arcticus Northwest Territories census-survey meth- soucasnost. (Traditions of artificial culture of the grayling ods creel census fishing, sport harvests tagging at the present time.) Ceskoslovenske Rybarstvt 21(8):113-114. In Czech.* 217. Dahlke, L. W. and M. R. Falk. 1974. Data on the T. thymallus Czechoslovakia culture lake and round whitefish, lake cisco, northern pike and Arctic grayling from Great Bear Lake, N.W.T., 1971-1973. Canada 226. Degteva, G. K. 1965. Materials on the biology of gray- Department of the ~nvironment, Resource Management ling in Clean Lake. Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno- Branch, Central Region Data Report No. CEN/D-74-7. issledovatel'skogo. Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i T. arcticus Northwest Territories growth Okeanografii 59:224-226. In Russian.* T. arcticus pallasi USSR fecundity growth length 218. Dames and Moore. 1978. Field validation of fish frequencies weight streams between the Canadian border and Delta Junction for 227. Delta, -. 1884. Michigan fishing. Forest and Stream Northwest Pipeline Co. Anchorage, AK. 15 pp. 22(22):428. T. arcticus Alaska distribution T. tricolor Michigan historical 219. Dashidorzhi, A. 1963. A check list of the fish of 228. Derksen, A. J, 1980. Evaluation of fish passage Mongolia. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk MNR, No. 3. In through culverts at the Goose Creek road crossing near Russian. Churchill, Manitoba, in April and May, 1977. Manitoba T. brevirostris Mongolia distribution Department of Natural Resources, Winnipeg, Manuscript Report No. 80-4. 114 pp. 220. Davis, D. J, and C. D. Shepard. 1981. Preliminary T. arcticus Manitoba culverts impact assessment mi- fisheries report for North Canol Road. Yukon Department gration and movements tagging 34 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

229. d'Hulstere, D. and J, C. Phillippart. 1982. Obser- 237. Dotson, P. 1963. Creel census of the sport fishes in vations sur le comportement d'eclosion et de post-eclosion the Bristol Bay Drainage. Alaska Department of Fish and chez l'ombre commun Thymallus thymallus (L.) (Observa- Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of tions on the hatching and post-hatching behavior in the Euro- Progress, 1962-1963. Project F-5-R-4, 4(8-D-2):315-324. * pean grayling, Thymallus thymallus [L.].) Cahiers T. arcticus Alaska creel census harvests d'Ethologie Appliquee 2(1):63-80. In French with English 238. Deving, K. B. and H. Kristiansen. 1979. Olfactory summary. correlates in the grayling to spawning creek water. Second T. thymallus Belgium egg incubation egg size hatch- Symposium on Fish Physiology, Goteborg, 1979. English eries larvae mortality summary.* 230. Dimitriu, M. and M. Jura. 1955. Primele rezultate T. thymallus Norway homing olfaction phero- obtinute in fecundata artificiala si cresterea puietului de lipan. mones (The first results in the artificial fertilization of the grayling.) 239. Devlng, K. B., R. Selset and G. Thommesen. 1980. Buletinul Institutului de Cercetliri Piscicole. 14(3):29-40. In Olfactory sensitivity to bile acids in salmonid fishes. Acta Romanian.* Physiologica Scandinavica 108(2): 123-131. In English.* T. thymallus Romania egg incubation embryonic pe- T. thymallus Norway olfaction riod hatcheries illustrations larvae 240. Dryagin, P. 1960. The grayling. Rybovodstvo i 231. Divert, G. M. 1976. Electromyographic analysis of Rybolobstvo 6:32. In Russian.* the reaction of the red muscles of the grayling to a dosed USSR fishing, sport growth habitat illustrations load. Pp. 44-54. In Reaktsii gomeostaticheskikh sistem v in- sexual maturity zoogeography dividual'ykh i vidovykh adaptatisyakh. (Reaction of homeostatic systems in individual and species adaptations.) 241. Dryden, R. L. andJ. N. Stein. 1975. Guidelines for Nauka Press, Novosibirsk. In Russian.* the protection of fish resources of the Northwest Territories USSR electromyogram muscle during highway construction and operation. Canada Fisheries and Marine Service, Technical Report Series CEN/T-75-1. 232. Divert, G. M. and V. A. Matukhin. 1977. Structure 32 pp. of the motor mechanism of Baikal grayling at different swim- T. arcticus Northwest Territories age distribution ming speeds based on data from electromyographical research. Akademiia Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe Otdelenie. 242. Dryden, R. L., B. G. Sutherland and J, N. Stein. Izvestiya Series Biologicheskikh Nauk 1:45-49. In Russian 1973. An evaluation of fish resources of the Mackenzie River with English summary.* Valley as related to pipeline development. Vol. II. Canada T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram mus- Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Ser- cle swimming ability vice, Task Force on Northern Oil Development 73-2. 176 pp. T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution 233. Divert, G. M. and V. A. Matyukhin. 1982. Func- tional specialization of red and white muscles in the Baikal 243. Dufresne, F. 1946. Alaska's animals and fishes. Bin- and black grayling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis fords and Mort, Portland, OR. 297 pp. (Thymallidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 22(2):330-333. In Rus- T. arcticus Alaska general works sian. Journal of Ichthyology 22(2):138-141. English 244. Dulma, A. 1973. Zur fischfauna der Mongolei. (On translation.* the fish fauna of Mongolia.) Mitteilungen aus dem T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram mus- Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 49(1):49-67. German cle swimming ability translation with Russian summary.* 234. Doan, K. H. 1949. Arctic grayling in Deer River, T. an·ticus arcticus T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus Manitoba. Appendix 25. Annual report of Central Fisheries grubei T. brevirostris T. brevirostris kozovi T. nigres Research Station, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 53 pp. . cens Mongolia distribution general works illustrations T. arcticus Manitoba 245. Duncker, G. 1960. Die Fische der Nordmark. (Fishes 235. Dorogostaiskii, V. Ch. 1923. The systematics of gray- of the North.) Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen ling of the Baikal Basin. Trudy Irkutskogo Obshchestva Vereins zu Hamburg, N.F. Supplement 3. Pp. 1-432. In Estestvoispytatelei I (I). In Russian. German. USSR taxonomy T. thymallus Germany general works 236. Dotson, P. A. 1961. Vanishing lady. Utah Fish and 246. Dunn, D. R. 1954. The feeding habits of some of the Game Magazine 17 (7): 8-9. * fishes and some members of the bottom fauna of Llyn Tegid T. arcticus Utah age behavior distribution fish- (Bala Lake), Merionethshire. Journal of Animal Ecology ing, sport food and feeding habits habitat illustrations 23:224. l,j sexual maturity trophy grayling T. thymallus England food and feeding habits I Worldwide Bibliography 35

247. Duvernay, J. 1975. Croissance, temperature et taux 258. Dyk, V. 1953. Vliv pfostfedi na znaky a zbarveni d'oxygene dissous dans 1'eaux chez l'ombre commun mladych lipami. Sbornik SLUKO, odd. A 1:177-181. In lhymallus thymallus (L. 1758). (Growth, temperature Czech. changes and dissolved oxygen in waters inhabited by gray- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia ling, lhymallus thymallus [L. 1758].) D.E.A. Univ. Lyon I. Pp. 1-27. In French. 259. Dyk, V. 1953. Vyskyt lipana (lhymallus thymallus) v T. thymallus France oxygen requirements tempera- fece Opave. Pflrodovedeclcy Sbornik 14(1-4):506-511. In ture tolerances Czech with English and Russian summaries.* 248. DweUy, H. F. 1892. Large grayling in Idaho. American T. thymallus Czechoslovakia ecology habitat Angler 21(11):495-496. T. montanus Idaho historical 260. Dyk, V. 1954. Lipanove piismo v na~ich rekach (s doplnky k charakteru rybich pasem). Sbomik Ceskosloven- 249. Dybovskiy, B. I. 1869. Provisional presentation of the ske Akadernie Zemed~lskych Ved 5:261-268. In Czech. fish fauna the Onon-Rivers and the Ingoda in the Transbaikal T. thymallus Czechoslovakia area. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 19. In German. 261. Dyk, V. 1954. Pfispevek k pozn4ni pohyblivosti li- . USSR general works panich ch!movjch bunek. Sbomik VSZ, Spisy Fakulty Ve- 250. Dybovskiy, B. I. 1877. Fishes of the Amur waters. terinami 2(1-2):55-59. In Czech with Russian summary.* Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Russk. Geograficheskogo T. thy/mal/us Czechoslovakia parasites 8(1-2). In Russian. T. arcticus grubei USSR general works 262. Dyk, V. 1955. Vykyvy letnich dennich a nocnkh teplot lipanov~ho pasma Moravice. (Fluctuations in water 251. Dyk, V. 1931. Rozsifeni lipana v ceskych vodach. temperature of the grayling region during day and night.) Ceskoslovenske Rybarstvi. In Czech. Pttrodovedecky Casopis Sborntk Ostravskeho Kraje Slezvy T. thymallus Czechoslovakia 16(2):256-260. In Czech with German and Russian 252. Dyk, V. 1932. Tak zvane lipanove pasmo na naS!ch summaries.* rekach. Ceskoslovenske Rybiirstvi. In Czech. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia habitat temperature tol- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia erances

253. Dyk, V. 1938. Comparative study on the natural diet 263. Dyk, V. 1956. Nase Ryby pt. 12. Lipan Podhorni of the brown trout (Truttafario L.) and grayling (lhymallus (lhymallus thymallus [Linne, 1758]). Ceskoslovenska vulgaris Nilss.). Sbornlk Ceskoslovenske Akademie Akademie Zemedelskych Ved. VE Statnim Zemedelskem Zemedelskych Ved 13(4):615-619. In Czech. Nakladatelstvi, Praha. Pp. 182-190. In Czech.* T. vulgaris Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works illustra- 254. Dyk, V. 1938. Natural food of the grayling (lhymallus tions vulgaris Nilss.). Sborntk Ceskoslovenske Akademie Zemedelskych Voo 13(4):610-615. In Czech. 264. Dyk, V. 1956. Die Sommertemperaturen in der T. vulgaris Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits Aschenregion. (Summer temperature in the grayling region.) Archiv fUr Hydrobiologie 52(3):388-397. In German.* 255. Dyk, V. 1938. The natural food of the grayling in ap- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia habitat temperature tol- plication to its life milieu. (Pnrodna potrava lipana ve vztahu erances k zivotnirnu prosti"edl.) Spisy Vysoke Skoly Veterinarni (Brno) 18( 6): 141-160. In Czech with English and Russian 265. Dyk, V. 1958. Lipan Podhorni (lhymallus thymallus summaries.* [L. 1758]) v ruznych nadmofsky-ch polohilch CSR a Zakar- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits patske Ukrajiny SSSR. (Grayling [lhymallus thymallus (L. illustrations 1758)] at different elevations above sea level in CSR and in Karpatho-Ukraine SSSR.) Biologicke Prace4(2):3-32. In 256. Dyk, V. 1939. Ober die natUrliche Nahrung der Asche Czech with German and Russian summaries.* (lhymallus vulgaris Nilss.). (Natural food of grayling T. thymallus Czechoslovakia USSR distribution hab- [lhymallus vulgaris Nilss.].) Archiv fUr Hydrobiologie itat illustrations 35:647-654. In German. T. vulgaris Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits 266. Dyk, V. 1958. lhymallus in Carpathian Rivers. Pnroda 257. Dyk, V. 1952. Na8e ryby. Praha, Zdravot. Nakl. In 1958(10): 105-107. In Russian.* Czech. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia distribution food and T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works feeding habits habitat 36 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

267. Dyk, V. 1959. Zur Biologie und Physiologie der 277. E. V. S. Consultants Ltd. 1982. Ecological studies Aschenvennehrung. (Biology and physiology of grayling of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), Dolly Varden char reproduction.) Zeitschrift ftir Fischerei und deren (Salvelinus malma) and mountain whitefish (Prosopium Hilfswissenschaften 8(4-6):447-470. In Gennan with English williamsom) in the Liard River drainage, B.C. Prepared for and Russian summaries.* English translation by P. A. Skvorc West Coast Transmission Co. Ltd., Vancouver, and Foothills II, University of Alaska.* Pipe Lines (North B.C.) Ltd., Calgary by F. J. Stewart, R. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia anatomy and morphology E. McLenehan, J.D. Morgan and W. R. Olmsted. 99 pp.* egg incubation fecundity habitat illustrations impact T. arcticus British Columbia age age determination assessment sex characters sex ratio sexual maturity condition factor egg size fecundity food and feeding spawning temperature tolerances habits growth habitat illustrations juvenile length frequencies length-weight relationship life history mi- 268. Dyk, V. 1961. Vztahy mezi lipanem a ostroretkou. gration and movements overwintering population size Ceskoslovenske Rybafstvi 18:167. In Czech.* reviews sampling techniques scale analysis sex charac- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia habitat ters sexual maturity spawning tagging weight weirs young-of-the-year 269. Dyk, V. and S. Dykova. 1976. Summer temperatures of water at the upper limit of trout (Salmo trutta morphafario Linnaeus, 1758) habitats. Acta Veterinaria (Brno) E 45(4):281-291. In English with Russian summary. 278. East, B. 1930. Is the grayling doomed? Forest and T. thymallus Czechoslovakia habitat temperature tol- Stream 63(5):340-344, 366-369. erances T. tricolor Michigan historical 270. Dyk, V., V. Podubsky and E. Stedronsky. 1956. 279. Eckerbom, N. 1938. Harr. (Grayling.) Svensk Fiskeri zatdady na~eho rybafstvi. Praha, Statni Zemed~lske Nakl. Tidskrift 47:178-183. In Swedish. 521 pp. In Czech.* T. thymallus Sweden general works T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works 280. Eddy, S. and J, C. Underhill. 1978. How to know 271. Dymond, J, R. 1928. The game fishes of Canada. the freshwater fishes: The pictured key nature series. Wm. Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Montreal, Quebec. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, lA. Pp. 44-45.* T. arcticus Canada general works T. arcticus North America general works illustrations 272. Dymond, J, R. 1932. The trout and other game fishes 281. Eggan, G. and B. 0. Johnsen. 1983. Her finner du of British Columbia. Canada Biological Board, Bulletin 32. ferskvannsfisken hjemme. (Here you will fmd the freshwater 51 pp. fish at home.) Villmarksliv 11(10):64-68. In Norwegian.* T. arcticus British Columbia general works T. thymallus Norway distribution zoogeography 273. Dymond, J, R. 1936. Some fresh-water fishes of British 282. Eggan, G. and B. 0. Johnsen. 1983. Kartlegging av Columbia. Report of the British Columbia Commissioner of utbredelsen av ferskvannsfisk i Norge. Del 1. Kommunevis Fisheries for 1935. Pp. 60-72. utbredelse. (Mapping the distribution of freshwater fishes T. arcticus British Columbia general works in Norway. Part l. Distribution by county.) Norway, The 274. Dymond, J, R. 1947. A list of the freshwater fishes Directorate of Game and Freshwater Fish. Preliminary of Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, with keys. Royal report, second edition. Pp. 27-28. In Norwegian.* T. thymallus Ontario Museum of Zoology, Miscellaneous Publication No. Norway distribution zoogeography 1. 36 pp. 283. Egorov, A. G. 1956. Tagging of grayling in the Angara T. arcticus Canada general works River. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 1956(6): 121. In Russian.* 275. Dymond, J. R. and V. D. Vladykov. 1934. The USSR growth migration and movements tagging distribution and relationships of the salmonoids of North 284. Egorov, A. G.l98l. Fish resources of east Siberian America and north Asia. Proceedings of the Pacific Science water bodies and prospects for intensive fish husbandry Congress, Canada, 1933. 5:3741-3750. University of Toron- development based on them. Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal to Press. (Kiev) 17(5):119-120. In Russian. North America Asia distribution taxonomy USSR exploitation of 276. Dzhumaliev, M. K. 1971. Development of rete 285. Ehnholm, G. 1937. En undersokning av skl.irg!rdshar- mirabile in physostomous fish. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk ren, Thymallus thymallus (L.), i Kvarken. (Research on the Kazakhskoi SSR Serjya Biologicheskikh Nauk 3:87-90. In coastal grayling, Thymallus thymallus [L.], in Kvarken. Acta Russian.* Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 60:454-477. In USSR gas bladder respiration Swedish with Gennan summary.* Worldwide Bibliography 37

T. thymallus Finland Sweden age age determina- 294. Elson, M. S. 1975. A preliminary bibliography and tion condition factor distribution food and feeding summaries of spawning information for fish species present habits growth length-weight relationship scale analysis in freshwaters of northern Yukon Territory. In L. W. sexual maturity spawning trophy grayling weight Steigenberger, M. S. Elson, P. G. Bruce andY. E. Yole, eds. Northern Yukon fisheries studies, 1971-1974. Vol 2. 286. Eiserman, F. 1960. The lady of the waters. Wyoming Canada Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Wildlife 24(9):20-22. Marine Service, Fisheries Operations Directorate, Technical Wyoming fishing, sport Report No. PAC/T-75-23. T. arcticus Yukon Territory bibliographies 287. Ekman, T. 1906. Harren sAsom skadedjur. (Grayling as an undesirable species.) Svensk Fiskeri Tidskrift 15:159. In Swedish. 295. Emig, J, W. 1969. The Arctic grayling. California T. thymallus Sweden competition Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Ad- ministrative Report 69-5. 31 pp.* 288. Ekman, T. 1922. Djurarternas utbredningshistorie pA T. arcticus Alaska Arizona California Colorado Scandinaviska halfdn. (Historical zoogeography of animal Minnesota Utah Wyoming reviews stocking and species on the Scandinavian Peninsula.) In Swedish. transplanting T. thymallus Norway Sweden distribution zoogeography 296. Engel, L. 1965. Inventory and cataloging ofthe sport fish and sport fish waters on the Kenai Peninsula, Cook Inlet- 289. Elliott, G. V. 1980. First interim report on the evalua- Prince William Sound areas. Alaska Department ofFish and tion of stream crossings and effects of channel modifications Game, Federal Aid in Fish restoration, Annual Report of on fishery resources along the route of the trans-Alaska Progress, 1964-1%5. Project F-5-R-6, 6(7-A):l11-127.* pipeline. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Studies, T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting Anchorage. 77 pp. * T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits growth 297. Engel, L. J. 1%8. Inventory and cataloging of the sport habitat impact assessment spawning young-of-the-year fish and waters in the Kenai, Cook Inlet-Prince William 290. Elliott, G. V. 1982. Final report on the evaluation of Sound areas. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal stream crossings and effects of channel modifications on Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, fishery resources along the route of the trans-Alaska pipeline. 1967-1968. Project F-5-R-9, 9(7-A):100-101.* T. arcticus U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Studies, Anchorage. Alaska stocking and transplanting 110 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska age distribution food and feed- 298. Engel, L. J. 1970. Evaluation of sport fish stocking ing habits growth habitat impact assessment juvenile on the Kenai Peninsula-Cook Inlet areas. Alaska Department migration and movements spawning swimming ability of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual weirs young-of-the-year Report of Progress, 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, 11(7-C-1): 109-127. * 291. Ellis, D. V. 1962. Observations on the distribution and T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting ecology of some arctic fish. Arctic 15(3): 179-190. T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution 299. Engel, L. J. 1971. Evaluation of sport fish stocking on the Kenai Peninsula-Cook Inlet areas. Alaska Department 292. Elrod, M. J, 1931. History of the Montana grayling. ofFish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Montana Wildlife 3(10):10-12.* Report of Progress, 1970-1971. Project F-9-3, 12(G-11-F). T. montanus T. ontariensis Colorado Idaho Mich- 34 pp.* igan Montana Utah anatomy and morphology com- T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting weight petition culture distribution egg incubation embryonic period fecundity fishing, sport food and feeding habits habitat hatcheries historical illustrations stocking and 300. Engel, L. J. 1973. Inventory and cataloging of Kenai transplanting taxonomy weight Peninsula, Cook Inlet, and Prince William Sound drainages and fish stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 293. Elson, M. 1974. Catalogue of fish and stream resources Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, of east central Yukon Territory. Canada Department of the 1972-1973. Project F-9-5, 14(G-I-C). 25 pp.* Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Fisheries T. arcticus Alaska age creel census fishing, sport Operations Directorate, Technical Report No. PAC/T-744. growth juvenile length frequencies management mi- 54 pp. gration and movements population size sex ratio spawn- T. arcticus Yukon Territory distribution ing stocking and transplanting 38 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

301. Envirocon Ltd. 1981. Environmental study: Arctic U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1894. Pp. 325-429. grayling spawning and rearing in Surprise Lake: A T. montanus Montana historical preliminary assessment of the effects of hydroelectric power 312. Evermann, B. W. and E. L. Goldsborough. 1907. development. Prepared for Placer Development Ltd., Van- The fishes of Alaska. Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries couver, British Columbia. 27 pp.* 26:219-360. T. arcticus British Columbia habitat impact assess- T. arcticus Alaska general works ment length-weight relationship sexual maturity spawning young-of-the-year F 302. Envirocon Ltd. 1974. Elizabeth Falls fisheries 313. Fabricius, E. and K.-J. Gustafson. 1955. Observa- resources and environmental overview. Prepared for Sas- tions on the spawning behaviour of the grayling, 1hymallus katchewan Department of the Environment. 128 pp. thymallus (L.). Institute of Freshwater Research, Drott- T. arcticus Saskatchewan distribution management ningholm. Report 36:75-103. In English.* 303. Ergens, R. 1971. Dactylogyridae and Gyrodactylidae T. thymallus Sweden behavior illustrations spawn- (Monogenoidea) from some Mongolian fishes. Folia ing territoriality Parasitologica (Prague) 18:241-254. 314. Faculte des Sciences de Lyon. 1975. Ecologie de l'om- T. brevirostris Mongolia parasites bre de riviere. (Ecology of river grayling.) Rubrique Tech- 304. Ergens, R. 1971. The species of the genus Tetraon nique. Titre III. Pp. 83-90. In French.* chus Diesing (Monogenoidea) recovered from Mongolian T. thymallus France ecology oxygen requirements fishes. Folia Parasitologica (Prague) 18:139-148. temperature tolerances T. brevirostris Mongolia parasites 315. Fagerholm, H.-P., K. Kuusela and E. T. Valtonen. 305. Eriksen, C. H. 1974. Physiological ecology and 1982. Occurrence of Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum management of the rare southern grayling, 1hymallus arc (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) in grayling (1hymallus thymallus) ticus tricolor. In V. Sladecek, ed. Proceedings of the Inter- in the Oulanka and Kitkajoki Rivers, Kuusamo, Finland. national Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology. Mem. Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 58(3):67-70. In English. Vol 19. Winnipeg, Manitoba. T. thymallus Finland parasites T. arcticus tricolor Michigan Montana behavior ecol- 316. Fabien, G. 1968. The gas bladder as a hydrostatic organ ogy management temperature tolerances in 1hymallus thymallus L., Osmerus eperlanus L. and 306. Everett, R. I 986. Population genetics structure of Arc- Mallotus villosus MUll. Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie tic grayling (1hymallus arcticus) in Montana. M.A. Thesis, Havundersi:5kelser 14(4): 199-228. In English.* University of Montana, Missoula. T. thymallus Sweden anatomy and morphology gas T. arcticus Alaska Montana electrophoresis genetics bladder stock identification zoogeography 317. Falk, M. R. 1981. A questionnaire survey of sport 307. Evermann, B. W. 1893. A reconnaissance of the fishing in the Yellowknife and Hay River areas, Northwest streams and lakes of western Montana and northwestern Territories, 1979. Canadian Manuscript Report, Fisheries Wyoming. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission 1891:3-60. and Aquatic Sciences. No. 1584. 23 pp. With French T. montanus Montana Wyoming historical summary. T. arcticus Northwest Territories census-survey meth- 308. Evermann, B. W. 1905. Trying to save the grayling. ods creel census fishing, sport Shields Magazine 1:335. Published by the League of American Sportsmen, New York. 318. Falk, M. R. and L. W. Dahlke. 1974. Data on the T. montanus Montana historical lake and round whitefish, lake cisco, northern pike and Arctic grayling from Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, 309. Evermann, B. W. 1906. The gray lings. Shields 197H973. Canada Department of the Environment, Magazine 2:191. Published by the League of American Fisheries and Marine Service, Fisheries Operations Direc- Sportsmen, New York. torate, Data Report No. CEN/D-74-1. Winnipeg, Manitoba. T. montanus Montana historical 52 pp. 310. Evennann, B. W. and H. W. Clark. 1931. A distribu- T. arcticus Northwest Territories age growth har- tional list of the species of freshwater fishes known to occur vests sexual maturity in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish 319. Falk, M. R. and D. V. Gillman. 1974. Impact of a Bulletin 35. 67 pp. sport fishery on Arctic grayling in the Brabant Island area, T. arcticus California distribution general works Northwest Territories. Canada Department of the Environ- 311. Evermann, B. W. and U. 0. Cox. 1896. A report ment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Fisheries Operations upon the fishes of the Missouri River Basin. Report of the Directorate, Data Report No. CEN/T-74-7. 21 pp. Worldwide Bibliography 39

T. arcticus Northwest Territories age census-survey 325. Falk, M. R., G. Low, D. V. Gillman and G. W. methods condition factor creel census harvests length Carder. 1980. Data from the Arctic grayling sport fishery frequencies length-weight relationship management on the Kakisa River, Northwest Territories. Canadian Data mortality sex ratio sexual maturity weight Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 199. Western Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, 320. Falk, M. R. and D. V. Gillman. 1975. Data on the Manitoba. 13 pp. With French summary.* lake and round whitefish, lake cisco, northern pike, Arctic T. arcticus Northwest Territories condition factor grayling and longnose sucker from the east arm of Great creel census fishing, sport length frequencies length- Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, 1971-1974. Canada weight relationship scale analysis sexual maturity tag- Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Ser- ging weight vice, Fisheries Operations Directorate, Data Report No. 326. Falk, M. R., M. M. Roberge, D. V. Gillman and CEN/D-75-2. 95 pp.* G. Low. 1982. The Arctic grayling, 1hymallus arcticus, in T. arcticus Northwest Territories age creel censuS' Providence Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada, growth length frequencies length-weight relationship 1976-1979. Western Region, Department of Fisheries and sex ratio sexual maturity weight Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canadian Manuscript Report, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1665. 27 pp. 321. Falk, M. R. and D. V. Gillman. 1975. Mortality data T. arcticus Northwest Territories age fecundity for angled Arctic grayling and northern pike from the Great growth homing migration and movements mortality Slave Lake area, Northwest Territories. Canada Department sexual maturity spawning tagging weirs of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Fisheries Operations Directorate, Data Report No. CEN/D-75-1. 24 327. Farnstrom, N. 1945. Harr. (Grayling.) Stangfiskeren pp.* 7:97-101. In Swedish. T. arcticus Northwest Territories fishing, sport hook- T. thymallus Sweden fishing, sport trophy grayling ing mortality 328. Feast, C. N. 1940. Grayling versus whitefish. Colorado Conservation Comments 3(3): 15-16. * 322. Falk, M. R. and D. V. Gillman. 1980. Status of the T. montanus Colorado anatomy and morphology dis- Arctic grayling and northern pike sport fisheries in the Bra- tribution bant Island-Beaver Lake area of the Mackenzie River, North- west Territories, Canada. Western Region, Department of 329. Fedoruk, A. N. 1971. Freshwater fishes of Manitoba: Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canadian Checklist and keys. Manitoba Department of Mines, Manuscript Report, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. Resources and Environmental Management. 1553. 48 pp. T. arcticus Manitoba general works T. arcticus Northwest Territories age census-survey 330. Feldmeth, C. R. and C. H. Eriksen. 1978. A methods condition factor creel census exploitation of hypothesis to explain the distribution of native trout in a fishing, sport growth harvests hooking mortality drainage of Montana's Big Hole River. Proceedings of the length frequencies length-weight relationship manage- International Association of Theoretical and Applied Lim- ment mortality sex ratio sexual maturity trophy nology 20:2040-2044. grayling weight T. arcticus Montana oxygen requirements tempera- 323. Falk, M. R., D. V. GiUman and L. W. Dahlke. 1973. ture tolerances The 1972 sports fisheries on Great Bear and Great Slave 331. Festetics, A. and B. Leister. 1970. Ecology of the Lakes, Northwest Territories. Canada Department of En- Danube with particular reference to waterfowl in lower vironment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Fisheries Opera- Austria. Wildfowl 21:42-60. tions Directorate, Technical Report No. CEN/T-73-8. 100 T. thymallus Austria ecology pp.* 332. Filipsson, 0. 1979. Provfisken i tre norrliindska T. arcticus Northwest Territories census-survey meth- lilvmagasin. (Test fishing in three river reservoirs in north- ods creel census fishing, sport harvests ern Sweden.) Information frAn Sotvattenslaboratoriet, Drott- ningholm. Report 6. 25 pp. In Swedish with English 324. Falk, M. R., D. V. GillmanandL. W. Dahlke. 1974. summary. 1973 creel census data from sport fishing lodges on Great T. thymallus Sweden harvests length frequencies Bear and Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories. Canada sampling techniques Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Ser- vice, Fisheries Operations Directorate, Data Report No. 333. Fllipsson, 0., V. Miezis, N.-A. Nilsson and G. Svard- CEN/D-74-5. 28 pp.* son. 1966. Harr som slittfisk. (Grayling as stockfish.) Hand- T. arcticus Northwest Territories census-survey meth- boken Vatten-kraft-fiske 29:1-3. In ~wedish. ods creel census fishing, sport harvests T. thymallus Sweden stocking and transplanting 40 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

334. Filonov, K. P. and G. S. Kaplin. 1962. On the ques- 344. Fowler, H. W. 1911. Notes on salmonid and related tion of the spawning of grayling in the wildlife preserve. fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, Trudy Barguzinsku Gosudarstemnyi Zapovednika 4:230-232. Philadelphia 63:551-571. In Russian.* Referativnyi Zhurnal, Biologiya 1964 No. 1156. T. signifer North America general works English translation. 345. Fowler, H. W. 1918. A review of the fishes described T. arcticus USSR migration and movements spawn- in Cope's partial catalogue of the cold-blooded vertebrata ing of Michigan. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 335. Filyushina, Ye. Ye., M. D. Shmerling and I. I. Occasional Papers 60:1-51. Buzuyeva. 1982. An electron microscopic and ultra T. tricolor Michigan historical cytochemical study of the skeletal muscles of the Black Baikal 346. Franklin, J. 1823. Narrative of a journey to the shores grayling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis in the normal state of the Polar Sea in the years 1819, 20, 21, and 22. J. Mur- and under physical stress. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 22(1):97-103. ray, London. 783 pp. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology 22(1):89-95. English T. arcticus Northwest Territories historical translation.* T. arcticus baicalensis USSR muscle 347. Franklin, J. 1828. Narrative of a second expedition to the shores of the Polar Sea in the years 1825, 1826, 1827. 336. Finn, J. 1982. Analysis of the stomach contents of J. Murray, London. young-of-the-year Arctic grayling from Badger Slough and T. arcticus Northwest Territories historical the Chena River, Alaska. Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 13 pp. 348. Frisch, K. von, R. Goldschmidt, W. Ruhland and Unpublished.* H. Winterstein. 1929. Die Wanderungen der Fische. Ergeb- T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits length fre- nisse der Biologie 5:647-648. In German.* quencies sampling techniques weight young-of-the-year T. montanus T. ontariensis T. signifer T. tricolor T. vulgaris Worldwide distribution general works 337. Fischer, A. 1920. Die Aschenregion der Diemel, MUnster. (The grayling region of the Diemel River, 349. Fromm, R. J. 1941. An open history of fish and fish MUnster.) Dissertation. In German. planting in Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone National T. thymallus Germany habitat Park Library. Unpublished. 31 pp. 338. Fisher, K. A.M. and N. M. Broughton. 1984. The Montana Wyoming stocking and transplanting effect of cyprinid introductions on angler success in the River 350. Fukano, K. G., H. Gowing, M. J, Hansen and Derwent, Derbyshire. Fisheries Management 15(2):35-40. * L.N. Allison. 1964. Introduction of exotic fish into T. thymallus England distribution Michigan. Michigan Department of Conservation, Institute 339. Fitzhugh, D. H. 1873. Letter to the editor. Forest and of Fisheries Research, Report No. 1689. 50 pp.* Stream 1(6):92. T. arcticus Michigan distribution historical stock- T. tricolor Michigan historical ing and transplanting 340. Florin, J. 1964. Experiences with breeding of fish in 351. Fuqua, C. L. 1939. Feeding of Montana grayling at round basins. Proceedings of the International Association the Bozeman, Montana Station. Progressive Fish-Culturist of Theoretical and Applied Limnology 15:974. 43:12-17.* T. thymallus culture T. arcticus Montana egg incubation food and feeding habits hatcheries 341. Foote, D. C. 1965. Exploration and resource utilization in northwestern Alaska before 1855. Ph.D. Disserta- 352. Furman, T. M. 1878. Grayling grounds in Michigan. tion, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. 400 pp. Letter to the editor. Forest and Stream 10(4):67. T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence T. tricolor Michigan historical 342. Foote, D. C. and H. A. Williamson. 1966. A human 353. Furniss, R. A. 1971. Ugashik Lake grayling. Alaska geographical study. Pp. 1041-1108. InN. J. Wilimovsky and 37:33-35. * J. N. Wolfe, eds. Environment of the Cape Thompson T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport illustrations tro- Region, Alaska. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, phy grayling Springfield, VA. 354. Furniss, R. A. 1974. Inventory and cataloging of arc- T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence tic area waters. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- 343. Fowler, H. W. 1905. Notes on some arctic fishes with eral Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report a description of a new Oncocottus. Proceedings of the 1973-74. Project F-9-6, lS(G-I-1), 45 pp. * Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia 57:362-370. T. arcticus Alaska age food and feeding habits T. signifer Alaska historical length-weight relationship sex ratio sexual maturity Worldwide Bibliography 41

355. Furniss, R. A .. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of 365. Gerrish, C. S. 1938. Scales of Avon trout and gray- arctic area waters. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ling. University College Avon Biological Research Annual Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Re- Report 5:70-78.* port, 1974-75. Project F-9-7, 16(G-I-l), 47 pp. * T. thymallus England exploitation of food and feed- T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies ing habits growth scale analysis sex ratio 356. Furst, M. 1970. Experiments with transfer to regulatoo 366. Gerrish, C. S. 1939. Scales of Avon trout and gray- lakes of new animal species for fish nourishment. Fauna och ling. University College Avon Biological Research Annual Flora 65(3):94-105. Report 6:54-59.* T. thymallus Sweden ecology food and feeding habits T. thymallus England competition food and feeding habits growth scale analysis 367. Gerstung, E. 1972. They like it cold. Outdoor Califor- G nia, California Department of Fish and Game 33(4):1. T. arcticus California temperature tolerances 357. Galkin G. G. 1958. An atlas of scales of freshwater 368. Gerstung, E. R. 1972. A progress report on grayling bony fish. Izvestiya Vsesoyoznogo Nauchno- management in California. California Department of Fish Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Ozemogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo and Game. 9 pp. Unpublished. Zyaistva, Leningrad 46:3-106. In Russian. T. arcticus California management USSR scale analysis 369. Gertychowa, R. 1976. Wzrost lipienia 1hymallus 358. Gal'tsova, M. Z. 1969. The grayling of the rivers of thymallus L. 1758 kilku doplywach Dunajca jako wska.Znik the Pskov Chudsk Basin. In The hydrobiology and fisheries warunk6w siedliskowych. (The growth rate of the grayling, of the inland waters of the Baltic area. Valgus, Tallin, USSR. 1hymallus thymallus L. 1758 in the tributaries of the River Referativnyi Zhurnal Biologiya 1970(2): 198-204. Dunajec as an indicator of habitat conditions.) Zaklad T. thymallus USSR food and feeding habits spawning Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk Ochrona 359. Gardiner, W. R. 1984. Estimating population densities Przyrody R. 41:249-280. In Polish with English summary.* of salmonids in deep water in streams. Journal of Fish T. thymallus Poland age age determination condi- Biology 24(1):41-50. tion factor food and feeding habits growth habitat im- T. thymallus Scotland electroshocking population size pact assessment length frequencies scale analysis sex- sampling techniques ual maturity weight

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375. Gillies, D. G. 1975. The Arctic grayling (Thymallus niques scale analysis sex ratio sexual maturity tagging arcticus) in Manitoba and a literature review. Manitoba weight Department of Mines, Resources and Environmental 383. Grabacki, S. T. 1981. Effects of exploitation on the Management, Research Branch. Manuscript Report No. population dynamics of Chena River grayling. In Life 75-13. 51 pp.* Sciences in the Service of Alaska: Proceedings of the 32nd T. arcticus Alberta Manitoba Ontario Saskatchewan Alaska Science Conference, August25-27, 1981, Fairbanks. age behavior creel census culture distribution egg in- P. 94. Abstract. cubation fecundity fishing, sport food and feeding habits T. arcticus Alaska age exploitation of growth pop- growth habitat harvests hooking mortality impact as- ulation dynamics sessment reviews spawning stocking and transplanting territoriality trophy grayling 384. Graham, R. J, 1959. A study of the management of the grayling. Montana Department of Fish and Game, 376. Gillman, D. V. and L. W. Dahlke. 1973. Sport Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Job Completion Report fisheries in the Brabant Island, Beaver Lake and Hay River F-9-R-7, III. 3 pp.* areas of the Northwest Territories, 1972. Canada Depart- T. arcticus Montana habitat impact assessment stock- ment of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Data ing and transplanting Report No. CEN/D-73. 34 pp. T. arcticus Northwest Territories fishing, sport har- 385. Granado Lorienco, C. and F. Garcia Novo. 1981. vests Ichthyological changes during the first stages of breeding in the reservoir of Arrocampo Tajo River basin, Caceres, Spain. 377. Gladkova, M. G. 1960. Artificial breeding of gray- Boletin del Instituto Espaiiol de Oceanograffa 6(3):302-319. ling in the Irkutsk Reservoir. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo 2:39-40. In Spanish. In Russian.* Referativnyi Zhurnal Biologiya No. 81603. T. thymallus Spain stocking and transplanting English translation. USSR culture 386. Green, S. 1874. Notes from diary. Forest and Stream 2(14):212. 378. Glova, G. and P. J, McCart. 1974. Life history of T. tricolor Michigan historical Arctic charr (Salvelinus a/pinus) in the Firth River, Yukon Territory. In P. J. McCart, ed. Life histories of anadromous 387. Greenough, J. and E. Helmstetter. 1977. Grayling, and freshwater fish in the western Arctic. Canadian Arctic "the bush gourmet." Alaska Magazine Vol. 7. Reprinted Gas Study, Ltd., Calgary. Biological Report Series 20(3). in The Alaska Sportsman/ Alaska Magazine 4 :A 17. * T. arcticus Yukon Territory life history weight T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport 379. Goddard, J, 1961. The artificial introduction of Arc- 388. Griffiths, W., A. Sekerak and M. Jones. 1974. tic grayling, (Thymallus sp.) into waters of the Geraldton Distribution of fish species along alternative gas pipeline cor- Forestry District of Ontario. Ontario Department of Land ridors in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. In P. J. McCart, and Forests, Inter-departmental Report. ed. Classification of streams in Beaufort Sea drainages and T. arcticus Ontario stocking and transplanting distribution of fish in arctic and subarctic drainages. Cana- dian Arctic Gas Study Ltd., Calgary. Biolological Report 380. Goode, G. B. 1884. The grayling-Thymallus tricolor. Series 19(2). 176 pp. In Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States. Sec- T. arcticus Alaska distribution tion I, part Ill, U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Pp. 505-507. 389. Griffiths, W., P. Craig, G. Walder and G. Mann. T. tricolor US historical 1975. Fisheries investigations in a coastal region of the Beaufort Sea (Nunaluk Lagoon, Yukon Territory). Canadian 381. Goode, G. B. and T. H. Bean. 1879. Range of the Arctic Gas Study Ltd., Calgary. Biological Report Series grayling. Chicago Field 11:4. 34(2):519. North America historical T. arcticus Yukon Territory age growth life history 382. Grabacki, S. T. 1981. Effects of exploitation on the sex ratio population dynamics of Arctic grayling in the Chena River, 390. Guild, B. 1973. Grayling in the grass. Alaska Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 113 39(May):46. pp.* T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport T. arcticus Alaska age age determination competition condition factor exploitation of fishing, sport gear 391. Gundrizer, A. N. 1966. 0 nachozdenii mongolskogo selectivity growth harvests hooking mortality impact chariusa Thymallus brevirostris Kessler v vodoemach SSSR. assessment length frequencies length-weight relationship (Occurrence of Thymallus brevirostris Kessler in the water management marking migration and movements mortal- bodies of the USSR.) Voprosy Ikhtiologii 6:638-647. In i i ity population dynamics population size sampling tech- Russian.* !, ~j Worldwide Bibliography 43

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397. Gundrizer, A. N. and V. K. Popkov. 1984. Ecological H features of the Mongolian grayling, Thymallus brevirostris (Thymallidae), in the lakes of the Tuva ASSR, Russian 405. Hablett, T. R. 1979. Fish inventories conducted within SFSR, USSR. Voprosy lkhtiologii 24(1):69-76. In Russian. the National Petroleum Reserve on the North Slope of T. arcticus T. brevirostris Mongolia condition fac- Alaska, 1977-1978. U.S. Department of the Interior, Na- tor ecology exploitation of food and feeding habits tional Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, Work Group 3, Field growth length frequencies weight Study 3. Studies of selected wildlife and fish and their use of habitats on and adjacent to the National Petroleum Reserve 398. Gustafson, K.-J. 1948. Movements and growth of in Alaska 1977-78. VoL 2, chapter 10. Pp. 337-406. * grayling. Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm. T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods distribu- Report 29:35-44. In English. tion food and feeding habits growth length-weight re- T. thymallus Sweden growth length frequencies lationship sampling techniques sex ratio spawning marking migration and movements scale analysis sex 406. Halik, L. 1931. Uber vitale Farbungen an durch- ratio tagging weirs sichtigen Fishlarven von Coregonus exigus Klunz. und 399. Gustafson, K.-J. 1952. Nilgra erfarenheter friln under- Thymallus thymallus (L.). (Studies of vital staining of s6kningar av lekvandrande harr och lax6ring. (Some ex- transparent fish larvae of Coregonus exigus Klunz. and periences from research on spawning migration of grayling Thymallus thymallus [L.].) Zoologischer Anzeiger and trout.) Svenska Flottledsforbundets Arsbok 94(11/12):330-334. In German.* 26:4965-4970. In Swedish. T. thymallus Germany larvae staining 44 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

407. Halkett, A. 1913. Check list of the fishes of the Domin- 414. Hallberg, J, E. 1982. Population structure, migration ion-of Canada and Newfoundland. C. H. Parmelee, King's and habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. Alaska Printer, Ottawa. 138 pp. Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- T. signifer T. tricolor T. tricolor montanus Canada tion, Annual Performance Report, 1981-1982. Project F-9-14, 23(R-I-A). 23 pp. * 408. Hallberg, J, 1975. Fisheries habitat evaluation along T. arcticus Alaska age creel census electroshocking the trans-Alaska pipeline route from Dietrich Pass to the harvests length frequencies migration and movements Yukon River, with emphasis on the Middle Fork Koyukuk population size sexual maturity tagging River drainage. Preliminary fmdings. Second Interim Report of the Sport Fish Technical Evaluation Study. Special Report 415. Hallberg, J, E. 1983. Evaluation of interior Alaska No.7. 20 pp. waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters, Fair- T. arcticus Alaska age distribution habitat migra- banks District. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, tion and movements weirs young-of-the-year Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1982-1983. Project F-9-15, 24(G-ID-H):55-79.* 409. Hallberg, J, 1977. Distribution, abundance and natural T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting history of the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. J, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish 416. ·Hallberg, E. 1984. Evaluation of interior Alaska Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1976-1977. Pro.j- waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters- ect F-9-9, 18(R-I). 23 pp.* Fairbanks district. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, T. arcticus Alaska age creel census electroshocking Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance harvests impact assessment length frequencies popula- Report, 1983-1984. Project F-9-16, 25(G-ID-H). 84 pp.* T. arcticus and tion dynamics population size Alaska growth stocking transplanting 410. Hallberg, J, 1978. Distribution, abundance and natural 417. Hallet, C. 1977. Contribution a 1'6tude du regime (Alcedo atthis) history of the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River drainage. alimentaire du martin-p&heur dans Ia vallee Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish de la Lesse. (Contribution to the study of the diet of the [Alcedo atthis] Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1977-1978. Proj- kingfisher in the Lesse Valley.) Aves ect F-9-10, 19(R-I). 33 pp.* 14(2):128-144. In French with English and German T. arcticus Alaska age creel census habitat har- summaries.* T. thymallus vests impact assessment length frequencies population Belgium predators dynamics population size sexual maturity tagging 418. Hallock, C. 1873. The fishing tourist: Anglers guide young-of-the-year and reference book. Harper Brothers, New York. 239 pp. 411. Hallberg, J, E. 1979. Population structure, migratory North America historical patterns and habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. 419. Hallock, C. 1873. Sea and river fishing. Forest and Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Stream 1(8): 122. Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1978-1979. Proj- T. tricolor Michigan historical ect F-9-11, 20(R-I-A). 16 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies impact 420. Hallock, C. 1873. The Michigan grayling. Forest and assessment population size Stream 1(18):280-281. T. tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical 412. Hallberg, J, 1980. Population structure, migratory patterns and habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. Alaska 421. Hallock, C. 1875. Trout and grayling streams of Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Michigan. Forest and Stream 5(1):1-2. T. tricolor tion, Annual Performance Report, 1979-1980. Project Michigan historical F-9-12, 2l(R-I-A). 22 pp.* 422. Hallock, C. 1877. Re-stocking the streams. The T. arcticus Alaska age creel census impact assess- Michigan grayling. Forest and Stream 8(17):260.* ment length frequencies population size T. tricolor Michigan fecundity historical stocking and transplanting 413. Hallberg, J. E. 1981. Population structure, migration and habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. Alaska 423. Hallock, C. 1888. In quest of grayling. American Angler 14(14):211-212.* Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- T. signifer T. tricolor tion, Annual Performance Report, 1980-1981. Project Michigan historical F-9-13, 22(R-I-A). * 424. Hammerstrom, S. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of T. arcticus Alaska age creel census electroshocking Kenai Peninsula, Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound, and fish food and feeding habits harvests impact assessment stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid length frequencies migration and movements population in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. size tagging Project F-9-7, 16(G-I-C):27-68.* Worldwide Bibliography 45

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445. HeUawell, J. M. 1969. Age determination and growth grayling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society of the grayling, Thymallus thymallus, of the River Lugg, 28:80-85. Herefordshire. Journal of Fish Biology 1(4):373-382. T. montanus Montana anatomy and morphology cul- T. thymallus England age growth ture food and feeding habits historical larvae 446. HeUawell, J. M. 1969. A study of the chub (Squalius 455. Henshall, J. A. 1900. Hints on grayling culture. Trans- cephalus L.), the dace (Leuciscus leuciscus L.), the roach actions of the American Fisheries Society 29:109-117.* (Rutilus rutilus L.) and the grayling (Thymallus thymallus T. montanus Montana culture food and feeding habits L.) of the Afon Llynfi and River Lugg, tributaries to the hatcheries larvae stocking and transplanting River Wye, Herefordshire. Ph.D. Thesis, University of 456. Henshall, J. A. 1902. Food and game fishes of the Liverpool, England. Rocky Mountain Region. Transactions of the American T. thymallus England life history Fisheries Society 31:74-88. * 447. Hellawell, J. M. 1971. The food of the grayling T. montanus Montana historical general works Thymallus thymallus (L.) of the River Lugg, Herefordshire. 457. Henshall, J. A. 1904. Experiments in feeding fry. Journal of Fish Biology 3(2):187-197.* Transactions of the American Fisheries Society T. thymallus England food and feeding habits 33(1903):76-81. * 448. Henderson, N. E. and R. E. Peter. 1969. Distribu- T. montanus Montana culture food and feeding habits tion of fishes in southern Alberta. Journal of the Fisheries larvae Research Board of Canada 26(2):325-338. * 458. Henshall, J. A. 1906. Fishes of Montana. University T. arcticus Alberta distribution stocking and trans- of Montana Bulletin 34(11): 10. * planting T. montanus Montana general works 449. Henricson, J. 1983. HarrbestAndets storlek i ett kraft- 459. Henshall, J. A. 1906. The grayling: The lady of the verksmagasin i Indalsiilven upskattad med f~ngst streams. Country Life 10:307-311.* aterffmgstmetoder. (Population size of grayling in a reser- T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor North America voir in the Indal River estimated by capture- recapture distribution fishing, sport historical methods.) Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm. Report R-6-1984. 40 pp. In Swedish with English summary.* 460. Henshall, J. A. 1907. Culture of the Montana gray- T. thymallus Sweden dams food and feeding habits ling. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Document 628. 7 pp. * gear selectivity harvests impact assessment length fre- T. montanus Montana anatomy and morphology cul- quencies marking population size sampling techniques ture egg incubation egg takes fecundity food and feed- sex ratio ing habits habitat hatcheries larvae 450. Henricson, J. and G. Sjoberg. 1980. Strombotten- 461. Henshall, J. A. 1908. The grayling, the flower of faunen nedstroms en kraftverksdamm med korttidsregu- fishes. In Favorite fish and fishing. Outing Publishing Co., lering i Indalsiilven. (The stream zoobenthos below a New York. Pp. 43-61.* hydroelectric power dam with short-term regulation in the T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor North America Indal River, Sweden.) Information fr~n Sotvattenslaborato- fishing, sport general works historical illustrations riet, Drottningholm. Report 11. 34 pp. In Swedish.* 462. Henshall, J. A. 1916. The lost "Lady of the streams." T. thymallus Sweden food and feeding habits Some observations on the grayling by the man who was the 451. Henshall, J. A. 1875. Trout and grayling streams of first to propagate it artificially. Forest and Stream Michigan. Forest and Stream 5(50): 1-2. * 86(4):887-888. * T. tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical T. tricolor Michigan competition historical impact assessment 452. Henshall, J. A. 1898. Some preliminary observations 463. Henshall, J. A. 1923. Bass, pike, perch, and other concerning the artificial culture of the grayling. Transactions game fishes of America. Stewart and Kidd Co., Cincinnati, of the American Fisheries Society 27: 105-111. * OH. Pp. 173-202.* T. lewisii Michigan Montana culture distribution T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor North America egg incubation egg takes fecundity food and feeding anatomy and morphology competition distribution fish- habits hatcheries historical impact assessment larvae ing, sport general works hatcheries historical illustra- stocking and transplanting tions impact assessment 453. Henshall, J. A. 1898. The grayling. Forest and Stream 51(4):70. 464. Herrick, H. 1926. The Michigan grayling. Forest and North America historical Stream 96(4):238-240. * T. signifer Michigan fishing, sport historical illus- 454. HenshaU, J. A. 1899. Some notes on the Montana trations T Worldwide Bibliography 47

465. ffilger, D. 1929. Early day fishing and hunting in Mon- Czech with English and Russian summaries.* tana. Montana Wildlife 2(7):14-15.* T. arcticus baicalensis T. thymallus Czechoslovakia T. montanus Montana fishing, sport historical distribution 466. Hine, P.M. and C. R. Kennedy. 1974. The popula- 475. Holcik, J. and R. Zitnan. 1972. Natural history of tion biology of the Acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis T. arcticus baicalensis Dybowski, 1876, acclimatized in the in the River Avon. Journal of Fish Biology 6(5):665-679 Dobsina Reservoir (Czechoslovakia ). Zoologicke Listy T. thymallus England parasites 21(2): 181-191. In English.* T. · arcticus baicalensis Czechoslovakia USSR age 467. Rinks, D. 1943. The fishes of Manitoba. Manitoba age determination condition factor culture food and Department of Mines and Natural Resources, Winnipeg. 102 feeding habits growth habitat length frequencies pp. length-weight relationship migration and movements T. arcticus Manitoba general works scale analysis sex ratio sexual maturity spawning 468. Hnatevic, B. 1957. Lipen na Slovensku. Ceskosloven- stocking and transplanting ske Rybarstvi 10. In Czech. 476. Holden, A. V. and L.A. Caines. 1976. Stream pollu- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works tion by an organomercury compound. Bulletin of En- 469. Hochman, L. 1957. lchtylogick.Y vyzkum feky vironmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(4 ):383-391. * Moravice. (Ichthyological studies in the rivers of Moravia.) T. thymallus Scotland contamination pollution Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Zem~dt!lske a Lesnicke v Brn~ 477. Holmes, R. A. 1981. Angler effort, exploitation, and 1957(1):83-117. In Czech with German and Russian summaries. values on the upper Chena River, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 105 pp. * T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- 470. Hochman, L. 1964. K podminkam riistu lipana v sus fishing, sport harvests length frequencies manage- povodi Divoke Orlice.(Growth of grayling in the river basin ment trophy grayling Divoka Orlice.) Zivocis. Vyroba 9(37):601-608. In Czech 478. Holmes, R. A. 1983. Population structure, migratory with German and Russian summaries.* patterns and habitat requirements of the Arctic grayling. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age condition factor growth Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1982-1983. Proj- 471. Hochman, L. and J, Jirasek. 1958. Pfispevek k ect F-9-15, 24(R-I-A). 33 pp.* soucasnemu stavu zarybneni reky Dyje. (The composition T. arcticus Alaska age creel census electroshocking of the fish population in the River Thaya [Dyje].) Sbornik harvests length frequencies management migration and Vysoke Skoly Zemed~lske a Lesnicke v Brne movements mortality population size sexual maturi- 1958(2):245-265. In Czech with German and Russian ty tagging summaries. 479. Hobnes, R. A. 1984. Population structure and dynamics T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works of the Arctic grayling, with emphasis on heavily fished 472. Hochman, L. and J. Jirasek. 1969. Zarybneni homi stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid casti feky Oslavy a riist hlavnich druhli ryb pfed ovlivnenim in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1983-1984, feky udolni nadrizi u Mostgte. (Fish stocking the upper part Project F-9-16, 25(R-I-A). 38 pp. * T. arcticus of the Oslava drainage area and growth of the main fish Alaska age census-survey methcxls creel census dams exploitation of fishing, sport habitat species prior to construction of the dammed lake at Mostiste.) Sbomik Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske a Lesnicke v Brne harvests hooking mortality length frequencies man- 17(2):415-423. In Czech with German and Russian agement marking migration and movements mortality summaries. population dynamics population size stocking and trans- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia dams growth stocking planting tagging and transplanting 480. Holmquist, C. 1974. A fish leech of the genus Acan 473. Hoffman, G. L. and R. E. Pntz. 1970. Problems of thobdella found in North America. Hydrobiologia research on Myxosoma cerebralis. Journal of Parasiro1ogy 44(2-3):241-245. 56(4):152.* T. arcticus North America parasites T. thymallus North America diseases parasites 481. Holtan, H. 1974. Mjesprosjektet. (Lake Mj0sa Proj- 474. Holcik, J, 1976. Zoznam bezcelustnych a ryb sloven- ect.) Project Report No. 4, Research 1973. Norwegian In- ska. (List of lampreys and fishes of Slovakia, stitute of Water Analysis Report 0-91169. In Norwegian. Czechoslovakia.) B10logia (Bratislava) 31(8):641-647. In T. thymallus Norway pollution ,

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482. Holton, G. D. 1971. Montana grayling: The lady of T. signifer tricolor Michigan general works the streams. Montana Outdoors 2(5): 18-23. * 493. Hubbs, C. L. and K. F. Lagler. 1949. Fishes of the T. arcticus Montana competition distribution evo- Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bulletin lution food and feeding habits habitat hatcheries his- 26. 186 pp. torical illustrations impact assessment management T. signifer tricolor Michigan ·general works oxygen requirements spawning weight weirs 494. Hubbs, C. L. and K. F. Lagler. 1964. Fishes of the 483. Hop, H. 1985. Stock identification and homing of Arc- Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Ar tic grayling 1hymallus arcticus (Pallas) in interior Alaska. bor, MI. 213 pp. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 220 pp. * T. signifer tricolor Michigan general works T. arcticus Alaska age age determination body pigments electrophoresis genetics growth homing length 495. Huet, M. 1959. Profiles and biology of western Euro- frequencies illustrations sampling techniques scale anal- pean streams as related to fish management. Transactions ysis stock identification tagging young-of-the-year of the American Fisheries Society 88(3): 155-163. * T. thymallus Belgium habitat 484. Hop, H., W. E. Barber and J, B. Reynolds. 1985. Feasibility of telemetry for winter studies of arctic gray ling 496. Huitfeldt-Kaas, H. 1914. Vekst-og aldersunders0kelser in the Alaskan Arctic. Alaska Cooperative Fishery Research hos vAre ferskvandssalmonider. (Growth and age determina- Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Unpublished report.* tion of our freshwater salmonids.) Fisheries Inspection T. arcticus Alaska migration and movments over- Report. Ferskvandsfiskeribladet 1911 (2): 1-31. In wintering weight Norwegian. T. thymallus Norway age age determination growth 485. Horler, A. 1980. Arctic grayling (1hymallus arcticus) investigations. Yukon Department of Indian and Northern 497. Huitfeldt-Kaas, H. 1917. Mj0sens fisker og fiskerier. Affairs, Whitehorse. Unpublished. 75 pp. (Fishes and fisheries in Lake Mj0sa.) Kongelige Norske T. arcticus Yukon Territory Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter 1916(2):1-259. In Norwegian. 486. Hosford, H. 1972. A look at trout and grayling (their T. thymallus Norway general works world). Manitoba Department of Mines, Resources and En- vironmental Management Bulletin. 498. Huitfeldt-Kaas, H. 1918. Ferskvannsfiskenes ut- T. arcticus Manitoba general works bredelse og innvandring i Norge. (Distribution and immigration of freshwater fishes in Norway, with a supplement on 487. Hough, E. 1899. Movements of western anglers. Forest crawfish.) Centraltrykkeriet Kristiania, Oslo. Pp. 64-67. In and Stream 52(22):432. Norwegian.* T. arcticus fishing, sport historical T. thymallus Norway Sweden distribution zoogeog- 488. Hough, E. 1902. Successful grayling trip in Michigan. raphy Forest and Stream 39(3):147-149. 499. Huitfeldt-Kaas, H. 1927. Studier over aldersforholde T. tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical og veksttyper hos norske ferskvannsfisker. (Studies of age 489. Huang, C.-T. and C. P. Hickman, Jr. 1968. Bind· and growth of Norwegian freshwater fishes.) Nationaltryk- ing of inorganic iodine to the plasma proteins of teleost fishes. keriet, Oslo. 358 pp. In Norwegian Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada T. thymallus Norway age growth 25(8): 1651-1666. * 500. Hult, J. 1947. NAgot om laxens yngelfiender. (On the T. arcticus Alberta blood electrophoresis enemies of salmon fry.) Svensk Fiskeri Tidskrift 56:29-37. 490. Hubbard, L., Jr. 1900. Doom of Michigan's gray- In Swedish. ling. Outing 37:85-86. * T. thymallus Sweden competition T. tricolor Michigan competition historical man- 501. Hunt, A. D., G. M. MacNabband J. S. Tener. 1974. agement Mackenzie Valley-Northern Yukon pipelines, socio-econom- 491. Hubbs, C. L. 1933. Identification of Otter River gray- ic and environmental aspects. Canada Department of En- ling. Michigan Department of Conservation, Institute for vironment, Ottawa. Report to Task Force on Northern Oil Fisheries Research Report 197. 4 pp.* Development 74-17. T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor Michigan Mon- T. arcticus Northwest Territories fishing, sport fish- tana anatomy and morphology distribution historical ing, subsistence socioeconomy stocking and transplanting taxonomy 502. Huston, J, E. 1960. Western Montana fisheries study. 492. Hubbs, C. L. and K. F. Lagler. 1941. Guide to the Inventory of waters of the project area. Western Montana fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters. Cranbrook Fishery Study Project No. F-12-R-6, Job 01. 9 pp. * Institute of Science, Bulletin 18. 100 pp. T. arcticus Montana distribution growth Worldwide Bibliography 49

503. Hutton, J, A. 1923. Something about grayling scales. Beograd, Bioloski, Knjiga 7. 144 pp. In Serbo-Croatian. The Salmon and Trout Magazine 31:59-64.* T. thymallus Yugoslavia ecology taxonomy T. thymallus British Isles age determination condition 513. Jankovi~, D. 1964. Synopsis of biological data on Euro factor growth length frequencies scale analysis weight pean grayling, Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus) 1758. F.A.O. 504. Dyer, E. A. 1929. Trout of the pines; Michigan gray- Fisheries Biological Synopsis 24:1-50.* ling, once king in sparkling streams. Nature 14:158-160. T. thymallus Europe age anatomy and morphology T. tricolor Michigan historical behavior competition culture diseases distribution ecology embryonic period fecundity fishing, sport food and feeding habits genetics growth habitat hatch- I eries illustrations juvenile larvae length frequencies life history management migration and movements 505.Iancu, S. and P. Decei. 1972. Valorificarea piscicola mortality parasites predators reviews sex characters a principalelor lacuri de acumulare din zona carpatica a Romaniei (The most abundant freshwater fishes in the Car- sex ratio sexual maturity spawning stock identification pathian zone of Romania.) Hydrobiologia 13:199-207. In stocking and transplanting taxonomy territoriality weight Romanian with French summary. T. thymallus Romania general works 514. Jasinski, A. (n.d.) The vascularization of the air blad- 506. lrland, F. 1920. The extinct Au Sable grayling. Forest der in fishes. Part II. Sevruga (Acipenser stellatus Pallas), and Stream 41(11):600.* grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.), pike (Esox lucius L.) and T. tricolor Michigan historical umbra (Umbra krameri Walbaum). Acta Biologica Craco- viensia (Zool.) 8:199-210. 507. lvanova, 1977. Characteristics of age related S. F. T. thymallus Poland gas bladder changes in the blood capillary net structure of skeletal muscles. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk 515. Jendral, L. 1964. Prispevok k poznaniu veku a rastu SSSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk (1):126-131. In Russian. lipana oby~ajneho (Thymallus thymallus L.) v povodi rieky T. arcticus USSR blood muscle Hrona a Hornadu. Diplomova praca na V~P v Nitre. In Slovak. 508. Ivaska, S. 1952. Lipei'i. (The grayling.) Rybaf. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age growth Pftru~ka. BrAzda, Praha. Pp. 44-49. In Czech. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works 516. Jendral, L. 1965. K poznainiu veku a rastu lipa!la (Thymallus thymallus L.) v povodi Hrona a Homadu. (Age (Thymallus thymallus) 509. Iwaszkiewicz, M. 1959. Lipief1 and growth of Thymallus thymallus L. in the Hron [Gran] nowy reofilny element fauny ryb rzeki Womy. Przyroda and Homad Rivers.) Sbomik Vychodoslov Muzea, s. B, Polska 1-2(7-8):123-127. In Polish. 6:69-77. In Slovak with German summary. T. thymallus Poland general works T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age growth 510. Iwaszkiewicz, M. 1962. Sexual maturation and fertility of females of the grayling, Thymallus thymallus L. from 517. Jenkins, J. T. 1942. The fishes of the British Isles, the west Pomeranian Rivers. Zoologica Poloniae both freshwater and salt. Frederick Warne & Co., Ltd., Lon- 12(3):247-253. In English with Polish and Russian don. Second edition. 408 pp. summaries.* T. thymallus British Isles general works T. thymallus Poland egg size fecundity growth 518. Jennings, T. R. 1983. Survival, growth and food habits length frequencies scale analysis sexual maturity spawn- of young-of-the-year Arctic grayling stocked in barren, sub- ing weight arctic lakes. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 69 pp. T. arcticus Alaska culture food and feeding habits J growth hatcheries larvae mortality stocking and transplanting young-of-the-year 511. Jiiiiskelainen, V. 1917. Om fiskarna och fisket i Ladoga. (About fish and fisheries in Ladoga.) InT. S. J!ir- 519. Jensen, J. W. 1982. A check on the invertebrates of vi, ed. Finlands Fiskerier, Fiskerifdreningen i Finland a Norwegian hydroelectric reservoir and their bearing upon 4:281-284. In Swedish.* fish production. Institute of Freshwater Research, Drott- T. vulgaris Finland USSR food and feeding habits ningholm. Report 60:39-50. In English. parasites T. thymallus Norway distribution 512. Jankovi~, D. 1960. Sistematika i ekologija lipljena 520. Jerome, G. H. 1879. The grayling. Third Report, (Thymallus thymallus L.) Jugoslavije. (The systematics and Michigan State Fisheries, 1877 and 1878. Pp. 29-31. ecology of grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.] in Yugoslavia.) T. tricolor Michigan historical 1

50 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

521. Jessop, C. S. and J, W. Lilley. 1975. An evaluation 530. Johnson, R. P. and T. L. MarshaU. 1971. History of the fish resources of the Mackenzie River valley based and results offish introductions in Saskatchewan, 1900-1969. on 1974 data. Canada Department of Environment, Fisheries Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries and Marine Service, Winnipeg. Technical Report Series No. Report No. 8. CEN/T-75-6. T. arcticus Saskatchewan stocking and transplanting T. arcticus Northwest Territories juvenile young-of- 531. Jones, D. R., J, W. Kiceniuk and 0. S. Bamford. the-year 1974. Evaluation of the swimming performance of several 522. Jessop, C. S., T. J, Chang-Kue, J. W. Lilley and fish species from the Mackenzie River. Journal of the R. J, Percy. 1974. A further evaluation of fish resources Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31: 1641-164 7. * of the Mackenzie River valley as related to pipeline develop- T. arcticus Northwest Territories condition factor ment. Canada Department of Environment, Fisheries and length-weight relationship swimming ability Marine Service, Winnipeg. Task Force on Northern 532. Jones, J. W. 1953. Age and growth of the trout (Salmo Pipelines, Report No. 74-7. 95 pp. trutta), grayling (Thymallus thymallus), perch (Perea T. arcticus Northwest Territories ecology migration jluviatilis), and roach (Rutilis rutilis) of Llyn Tegid (Bala) and movements and the roach of the River Birket. Great Britain Ministry of 523. Jessop, C. S., T. R. Porter, M. Blouw and R. Agriculture and Fisheries, Fishery Investigations, Series I. Sopuck. 1973. Fish resources of the Mackenzie River valley. 5(7):7-18. * Special Report: An intensive study of the fish resources of T. thymallus Wales age age determination growth 2 mainstream tributaries. Canada Department of Environ- length frequencies scale analysis ment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Winnipeg. 148 pp. 533. Jordan, D. S. 1891. A reconnaissance of the streams T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution and lakes of the Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in the interest of the U.S. Fish Commission. Bulletin of the U.S. 524. Johansson, B. 1956. Fiskeforsok i Indalsalvens myn- Fish Commission 9(1889):41-63. ning 1954 och 1955. (Fish experiments at the mouth of the Wyoming historical Indal River, 1954 and 1955.) Vandringsfiskutredningens Medd. 7. In Swedish. 534. Jordan, D. S. 1905. A guide to the study of fishes. T. thymallus Sweden Vol. II. Henry Holt & Co., New York. 599 pp. T. signifer North America general works 525. Johnson, H. E. 1937. Feeding Montana grayling fry. Progressive Fish-Culturist 30(1):35-36.* 535. Jordan, D. S. 1908. Grayling at Caribou Crossing, T. montanus South Dakota Wyoming culture food Yukon. Popular Science 72:23-27. and feeding habits hatcheries larvae stocking and trans- T. signifer Yukon Territory general works planting 536. Jordan, D. S. 1925. Fishes. Revised edition. D. Ap- 526. Johnson, L. 1966 Great Bear Lake. Canadian pleton & Co., New York. 733 pp. Geographical Journal 73:58-67. * North America general works T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution 537. Jordan, D. S. and B. W. Evennann. 1896. The fishes 527. Johnson, M. W. 1978. Management oflakes for stream of North and Middle America. Part 1. Bulletin of the U.S. trout and salmon. Minnesota Department of Natural National Museum 47:517. Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Section of North America general works Fisheries. Special Publication No 125. 65 pp. * 538. Jordan, D. S. and B. W. Evennann. 1905. American T. arcticus Minnesota management stocking and food and game fishes. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. transplanting 572 pp. 528. Johnson, R. L. 1963. The European grayling's poten- T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor North America tial in California. California Department ofFish and Game, general works Inland Fisheries Administrative Report 63-l. 14 pp. 539. Jordan, D. S. and B. W. Evermann. 1934. American T. thymallus California stocking and transplanting food and game fishes. Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., New 529. Johnson, R. P. 1971. Limnology and fishery biology York. 574 pp. T. montanus T. signifer T. tricolor of Black Lake, Northern Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan North America Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries and Wildlife general works Branch, Fisheries Report No.9. 46 pp.* 540. Jordan, D. S., B. W. Evermann and H. W. Clark. T. arcticus Saskatchewan distribution exploitation of 1930. Checklist of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North growth illustrations sexual maturity spawning trophy and Middle America north of the northern boundary of grayling young-of-the-year Venezuela and Colombia. Report of the U.S. Commissioner Worldwide Bibliography 51 of Fisheries 1928. 2(4). 670 pp. T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram mus- North America general works cle respiration 541. Jungwirth, M. and H. Winkler. 1984. The 549. Karpovich, T. A. and B. I. Korlupayev. 1981. Rate temperature dependence of embryonic development of gray- of breathing movements and heart contractions in the Baikal ling (Thymallus thymallus), Danube salmon (Hucho hucho), grayling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis, during changes in arctic char (Salvelinus a/pinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutt~ environmental factors. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 21(3):520-524. fario). Aquaculture 38(4):315-327. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology 21(3):85-89. English T. thymallus Austria culture embryonic period translation.* mortality temperature tolerances T. arcticus baicalensis USSR heart contractions oxygen requirements respiration temperature tolerances K 550. Kartavtsev, Yu. Ph. and A. M. Mamontov. 1983. 542. Kabata, Z. 1977. Redescription of Salmincola Electrophoretic evaluation of protein variability and similarity longimanus (Copepoda, Lernaeopodidae). Proceedings of the of Coregonus autumnalis, two forms of whitefish (Cor- Biological Society of Washington 90(2):189-193. egonidae) and grayling (Thymallidae) from Lake Baikal. T. brevirostris Mongolia parasites Genetika 19(11):1895-1902. In Russian. Soviet Genetics 543. Kafanova, V. V. 1965. Contribution to the study of 19(11): 1495-1501. English translation.* the grayling of Lake Nizhnee Kulagash-Bazhi (Chulyshman T. arcticus USSR electrophoresis genetics River basin). Izvestiya Altais kogo otdela geograficheskogo 551. Katopodis, C., P. R. Robinson and B. G. obshchestva SSSR 5: 165. In Russian. Referativnyi Zhurnal Sutherland. 1978. A study of model and prototype culvert Biologiya 1965 No. 22116. English translation. baffling for fish passage. Canada Department of the Environ- USSR anatomy and morphology stock identification ment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Technical Report No. 544. Kaganovskiy, A. G. 1933. Fish of the Anadyr' River 828. 83 pp. With French summary. and the Anadyr' Lagoon. Vestnik Dal'nevostochnogo Filiala T. arcticus Northwest Territories culverts impact Akademii Nauk SSSR, No. 1. In Russian. assessment swimming ability T. arcticus grubei natio mertensi USSR general works 552. Kavalec, J, 1967. Vyznam·umeleho chovu lipana. (The 545. Kainz, E., A. Jagsch, K. Schwarz and P. Gollmann. significance of artificial culture of the grayling.) 1979. Vorlaufige Ergebnisse von limnologischen und Ceskoslovenske Rybarstvl 3:37-38. In Czech.* fischereilichen Untersuchungen am Salzastausee bei Mittern- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia culture dorf (Strnk.) (Preliminary results of limnological and fishery 553. Kazic, D. 1978. Endohelminths of Salrnonida from the investigations in the Salza Reservoir near Bad Mitterndorf artificial Lake Piva, Montenegro, Yugoslavia. Proceedings [Styria, Austria].) Osterreichische Fischerei-Zeitung of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied 32(10):189-212. In German with English summary. Limnology 20(4):2154-2158. In English. T. thymallus Austria harvests impact assessment T. thymallus Yugoslavia parasites pollution stocking and transplanting 554. Keck, G. and J. RatTe not. 1979. Chemical contamina- 546. Kalb, C. and R. D. Peckham. 1975. Evaluation of in- tion by PCBs in the fishes of a French river: the Furans terior Alaska waters and sport fish with emphasis on stocked (Jura). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Tox- lakes. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in icology 21(4-5):689-696. * Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. T. thymallus France contamination Project F-9-7, 16(G-III-E):52-77.* T. arcticus Alaska age creel census harvests 555. Keleher, J. J. 1961. Comparison of largest Great Slave length frequencies migration and movements stocking Lake fish with North American records. Journal of the and transplanting tagging Fisheries Research Board of Canada 18(3):417-421.* T. arcticus Northwest Territories Saskatchewan 547. Karlstrom, 1976. Quantitative methods in electrical 0. trophy grayling fishing in Swedish salmon rivers. Zoon 4(1):53-63. In English.* 556. Keleher, J, J, 1961. Largest fish from Great Slave T. thymallus Sweden electroshocking Lake. Canada Fisheries Research Board, Biological Station, London, Ontario. Circular 3:12-16. 548. Karpovich, T. A. and B. I. Korlupayev. 1978. An T. arcticus Northwest Territories trophy grayling electromyogram of the mandibular adductor muscle in the intact Baikal grayling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis 557. Keleher, J, J, 1966. A survey of Great Slave Lake Dybowski, exposed to a phenol solution. Voprosy Ikhtiologii fishing. North 13(1):50-53. * 18(5):969-971. Iu Russian. Journal of Ichthyology T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution fishing, 18(5) :866-869. English translation.* sport harvests r

52 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

558. Keleher, J. J. and B. Kooyman. 1957. Supplement 53(11):835-845. In Czech with English, German and Rus- to D. Hinks' (1943) The fishes of Manitoba. Manitoba sian summaries. Department of Mines and Natural Resources. New printing T. thymallus Czechoslovakia ecology management of the original handbook by D. Hinks. Pp. 103-117: 568. Kirka, A., Meszaros, S. Nagy and F. Sporka. T. arcticus Manitoba general works J, 1982. Conditions and occurrence of fishes in the River Topla, 559. Keleher, J, J, and B. E. Meeker. 1962. Results of Czechoslovakia. Biologia (Bratislava) 37(6):653-658. In a preliminary survey of the Great Slave Lake sport fishery. Czech. Canada Fisheries Research Board, Manuscript Report No. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia stocking and transplanting 725. 63 pp. 569. Kirpichnikov, V. S. 1974. The evolution of the T. arcticus Northwest Territories fishing, sport karyotype in fish-like vertebrates and fishes. Uspekhi 560. Kelly, J. L. 1931. Nation watches Montana grayling. Sovrem, Biologii 78(3). In Russian. Montana Wildlife 3(8) :9-11. * USSR chromosomes genetics T. montanus Montana fecundity hatcheries histori- 570. Kjellberg, G. 1974. Steinsengbekkens biologi. (The cal illustrations stocking and transplanting biology of the Steinseng Stream.) In N.L.H. Norges Land- 561. Kendall, W. C. 1915. The fishes of Yellowstone Na- bruksh0yskole llrsrapport 1974. Fremdriftsrapport nr.6. tional Park. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Document 818, Ap- Forurensning i et landsbruksomrllde, Ringsaker kommune, pendix 7 to Report of the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries Hedemark. In Norwegian. for 1914. 28 pp. T. thymallus Norway pollution Idaho Montana Wyoming general works 571. Kjellberg, G. 1975. Biologiske unders0kelser i 562. Kendall, W. C. 1924. An annotated list of collection till0pselver til Mj0sa. (Biological research in the tributaries of fishes made by Francis Harper in the Athabaska region to Lake Mj0sa.) Pp. 25-73. In Mj0sprosjektet. Fremdrifts- in 1920. Contributions to Canadian Biology No. 1. Pp. rapport nr. 5. Unders0kelser 1974. NIV A-rapport 0-91169. 419-439. In Norwegian. T. arcticus Canada general works T. thymallus Norway distribution pollution 563. Kennedy, C. R., P. F. Broughton and P.M. Hine. 572. Klein, W. D. 1968. Parvin Lake quality fishing studies. 1976. The sites occupied by the acanthocephalan Pom Colorado Division of Game, Fish and Parks, Fish. Res. Rev. phorhynchus laevis in the alimentary canal of fish. 5:11-14. Parasitology 72(2):95-206. * T. signifer Colorado ecology T. thymallus England parasites 573. Klimakhin, F. S. 1953. Fishes of the Amur region. 564. Kennedy, W. A. 1956. The first ten years of commer- In Uchenye Zapiski Blagoveshchenskogo Godudarstvennogo cial fishing on Great Slave Lake. Canada Fisheries Research Pedagogicheskogo I Uchitel'skogo lnstituta Kalinina. (Train- Board Bulletin 107. 58 pp. ing manual of the Kalinin Educational and Teacher-Training T. arcticus Northwest Territories harvests Institute in Blagoveshchensk.) 5. In Russian. T. arcticus grubei 565. Khalilov, F. K. 1968. Data on the histology and USSR general works histochemistry of the pancreas and liver of the teleost fishes. 574. Klingler, K. 1957. Iakttagelser under harrleken. Voprosy Ikhtiolgii 8(2):312-317. In Russian. Problems of (Grayling studies during the time of spawning.) Schweizer- Ichthyology 8(2):246-249. English translation.* ische Fischerei Zeitung 8. In German. Svensk Fiskeri USSR digestion Tidskrift 10: 163-164. Swedish translation.* T. thymallus Switzerland dams impact assessment 566. Kirka, A. 1962. Vek a rast pstruha potocneho, amerikeho duhoveho, sivoi'ia amerikeho a lipila obycajneho spawning v potoku Vrica pri Klastore pod Znievom. (Age and growth 575. Kogl, D. R. 1971. Monitoring and evaluation of arctic of Salmo trutta m.fario, Salmo gairdneri irideus, Salvelinus waters with emphasis on the North Slope drainages: Col- fontinalis and 1hymallus thymallus in the brook of Vrica near ville River study. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Klastor pod Znievom.) Prace Laborat6ria Rybarstva Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1:153-161. In Slovak with English and Russian summaries.* 1970-1971. Project F-9-3, 12(G-III-A):23-61.* T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age growth length fre- T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies sex ratio quencies length-weight relationship sexual maturity 567. Kirka, A. and I. Bastl. 1980. Ichtyologicky vyskum 576. Kokhmenko, L. V. 1964. Food relationships of the chraneneho naleziska hlavatky v rieke Turiec. (Ichthyological young of Pacific salmon with land-locked fishes and some investigation of the reservation of a huchen [Danubian diadromous fishes in the foothills of the Amur tributaries. salmon] in the Turiec River.) Zivocisna Vyroba Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo In-

1 Worldwide Bibliography 53 stituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 55. In Russian. USSR embryonic period T. arcticus grubei USSR competition food and feed- 585. Kothbauer, H. and H. Schenkel-Brunner. 1975. ing habits Hemagglutinins in fish eggs: Comparative studies on different 577. Kokhmenko, L. V. 1974. Trophic factors of certain Salmonidae species. Comparative Biochemistry and fishes from foothill rivers in the Soviet far east. Izvestiya Physiology 50A(1):27-29.* Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo lnstituta Ryb- T. thymallus Austria blood nogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 90:199-204. In Russian 586. Kothbauer, H. and H. Schenkel-Brunner. 1981. Im with English summary.* munochemical investigations on fish eggs and toad (Bufo T. arcticus grubei USSR culture food and feeding bufo) spawn appearance of glycosidases during the hatching habits growth process. Zoologischer Anzeiger 206(5-6):354-360. In 578. Kokhmenko, L. V. and P. Ya. Tugarina. 1973. On German. the Biology of the Kamchatka grayling. Izvestiya T. thymallus Austria egg incubation Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo Instituta Ryb- 587. Koval, V. P., N. A. Izyuamova and A. V. Borshosh. nogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 82(1972):199-218. In Rus- 1973. Trematodes of the genus Crowcrocaecum (Skrjabin sian with English summary.* et Koval, 1956). Hydrobiological Journal9(4):85-86. English T. arcticus mertensi USSR ecology translation.* 579. Kokurewicz, B., M. Kowalewski and A. Witkowski. T. thymallus USSR parasites 1978. Wplyw temperatury na rozw6j zarodkowy lipienia europejskiego. (Influence of constant and variable 588. Kowalewski, M., B. Kokurewicz and A. Witkowski. temperatures on the embryonic development of European 1981. Influence of mechanical shocks on embryonic develop- grayling.) Gospodarka Rybna 30(2):6-8. In Polish.* ment of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.). T. thymallus Poland embryonic period larvae Zoologica Poloniae 28(3):305-314. In English with Polish and Russian summaries. 580. Kokurewicz, B., M. Kowalewski and A. Witkowski. T. thymallus Poland embryonic period 1980. Influence of constant and variable temperatures on the 589. Kozhanchikov, L. K. 1923. Biology of grayling embryonic development of European grayling, Thymallus (Thymallus arcticus Pallas, Pisces, Salmonidae) in Buiben- thymallus (L.). Zoologica Poloniae 27(3):335-362. In English skii Lake. Yearbook of the Martyanov State Museum, with Polish and Russian summaries.* Minusincke L Vol. 1. Pp. 51-59. In Russian. T. thymallus Poland abnormalities egg incubation T. arcticus USSR general works embryonic period hatcheries larvae mortality temperature tolerances 590. Kozin, N. I. 1949. Bajkalskij charius-Thymallus arc ticus baicalensis Dybowski. (Baikal grayling-Thymallus 581. Konchina, Yu. V. 1968. The foods of whitefish and arcticus baicalensis Dybowski.) Promyslovyje ryby SSSR. gray lings in the area of the Ushkan'i Islands, Lake Baykal. Piscepromizdat, Moscow. In Russian. Problems oflchthyology 8(3):474-478. English translation.* T. arcticus baicalensis USSR general works T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus baicalensis brevipinnis USSR food and feeding habits 591. Kozlov, Yu. P., V. E. Kagan, A.M. Beim, S. K. Dobrina, S. V. Kotelevtsev, K. N. Novikov, V. M Savov 582. Konovalov, S.M. 1969. A zoogeographic analysis of and V. M. Serbinova. 1983. Test systems for bio- the parasite fauna of fish of the Pacific Ocean province. monitoring on the basis of membrane bound enzyme com- Parazitologiya No. 3. In Russian. plexes L Study of oxygenases with mixed functions in liver USSR parasites microsomes of fish endemic to Lake Baikal, USSR. 583. Kopelent, K. 1946. Umely chov lipana. (The artificial Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow) 1:20-24. In Russian. breeding of grayling.) Ceskoslovenske Rybfifstvl USSR ecology enzyme complexes 11:169-170. In Czech. 592. Kraiem, M. M. andJ. Duvernay. 1981. Comparaison T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works des temperatures limites de nage chez deux populations d'om- 584. Korovina, V. M. 1978. On the relationships among bres communs, Thymallus thymallus (L.), d'origine dif- groups of the salmonid fishes (fam. Salmonidae): The struc- ferente (Baviere et Scandinavie). (Comparison of thermal ture of eggs and several peculiarities of morphogenesis. Pp. limits during swimming in two grayling populations, 40-52. In 0. A. Skarlato, A. P. Andoiyashev, V. V. Bar- Thymallus thymallus [L.], from two different origins [Bavaria sukov, E. A. Dorofeeva, V. M. Korovina and A. V. Neelov, and Scandinavia]). Cybium Ser. 3E 5(3):45-49. In French eds. Morphology and systematics of fish. (Collections of with English summary. scientific works.) Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. In T. thymallus Germany Scandinavia hatcheries tem- Russian. perature tolerances T

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593. Kraiem, M. and E. Pattee. 1980. La tolerance a Ia grayling, Thymallus arcticus (Pallas). Journal of Fish Biology temperature et au dHicit en oxygene chez le Barbeau (Bar 15(4):389-404.* bus barbus L.) et d'autres especes provenant des zones T. arcticus Saskatchewan behavior juvenile terri- piscicoles voisines. (Tolerance of temperature and oxygen toriality young-of-the-year deficiency of the barbel [Barbus barbus L.] and other species 602. Kratt, L. F. and R. J, F. Smith. 1980. An analysis from neighboring zones.) Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie of the spawning behaviour of the Arctic grayling Thymallus 88(2):250-261. In French with English summary.* arcticus (Pallas) with observations on mating success. Jour- T. thymallus France oxygen requirements tempera- nal of Fish Biology 17(6):661-666.* ture tolerances T. arcticus Saskatchewan behavior spawning terri- 594. Kramer, M. J. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of in- toriality terior Alaska waters-Fairbanks district. Alaska Department 603. Krcal, J. and S. Lusk. 1971. Trout streams and ofFish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual fisheries in the southern Moravian region. Vertebrata ZprAvy Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, 16(G-I- No. 2:65-69. In Czech with English summary. G): 145-181. * T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works T. arcticus Alaska age creel census harvests length frequencies population size 604. Kristiansen, H. 1980. Vandring og livhistorie hos harr, Thymallus thymallus (L.), i Mj0sa. (Migration and life 595. Kramer, M. J. 1979. Evaluation of interior Alaska history of the grayling, Thymallus thymallus [L.], in Lake waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters- Mj0sa.) Candidatus realum Thesis, University of Oslo, Nor- Fairbanks district. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, way. 141 pp. In Norwegian.* Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance T. thymallus Norway age age determination distri- Report, 1978-1979. 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Institute of Freshwater Research, tion distribution growth habitat impact assessment Drottningholm. Report 59:81-96. In English. length frequencies length-weight relationship management T. thymallus Sweden acidification impact assessment migration and movements population size sampling tech- pollution niques scale analysis sexual maturity spawning temperature tolerances weight young-of-the-year 653. Locke, S. B. 1929. Whitefish, grayling, trout, and salmon of the intermountain region. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Document 1062, Appendix 5 to Report of the U.S. Com- 644. Lindberg, G. U. 1927. A list of fishes collected by missioner of Fisheries for 1929. Pp. 173-190. A. A. Yemel'yanov in the Botchi and Koni Rivers. In North America general works Godarstvennyi Dal'nevostochnyi Universitet, Vladivostok, ser. VII, No. 2. In Russian. 654. LOmer, H. 1977. Fischereibiologische Bewertung der T. arcticus grubei USSR general works Grossen Lauter, einem Forellenbach der Schwabischen Alb. 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Fiskeriforholdene, samt virk- T. arcticus pallasi USSR anatomy and morphology ningen pd disse ved en eventuell regulering av illustrations Klaravassdraget pd norsk side fra Rogen til Trysil. (Fisheries and effects of a possible regulation of Klara River on the 647. Lindroth, A. 1953. Fiskeforsok i Indalslilvens myn- Norwegian side fromRogen to Trysil.) Oslo. In Norwegian. T. thymallus ning 1952. (Fishery experiments at the mouth of the Indal Norway dams impact assessment River, 1952.) Vandringsfiskutredningens Medd. 6. In 657. Lomov, A. A. and L. A. Skurikhina. 1983. Genome Swedish. organization of grayling, Thymallus thymallus. Biologicheskii T. thymallus Sweden migration and movements Nauki (Moscow) 6:22-26. In Russian. T. thymallus USSR genetics chromosomes 648. Lindroth, A. 1954. Fiskef6rsok i Indalsalvens myn- ning. (Fishery experiments at the mouth of the Indal River.) 658. Lord, R. F. 1932. Notes on Montana graylings at the Vandringsfiskutredningens Medd. 8. In Swedish. Pittsford, Vt. Experimental Trout Hatchery. Transactions of T. thymallus Sweden the American Fisheries Society 62:171-178.* T. montanus Vermont culture egg takes growth 649. Lindsey, C. C. 1956. Distribution and taxonomy of hatcheries historical stocking and transplanting fishes in the Mackenzie drainage of British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 659. Lowe, J. 1927. Biological advisors report. Michigan 12 (6):759-789. Department of Conservation, Third Biennial Report, for the T. arcticus British Columbia distribution taxonomy years 1925-1926. Lansing, Michigan. Pp. 126-127. T. tricolor Michigan historical 650. Lindsey, C. C. 1956. Recommended common and 660. Luecke, C. and W. J, O'Brien. 1981. Phototoxicity scientific names of British Columbia freshwater fishes. and fish predation: Selective factors in color morphs in British Columbia Game Commission. Pp. 1-20. Heterocope. Limnology and Oceanography 26(3):454-560. 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661. Lund, J. A. 1974. The reproduction of salmonids in M the inlets of Elk Lake, Montana. M.S. Thesis, Montana Statf University, Bozeman. 43 pp. * 670. McAllister, D. E. and C. R. Harington. 1969. T. arcticus Montana age fecundity growth harvests Pleistocene grayling, Thymallus, from Yukon, Canada. homing length frequencies migration and movements Canadian Journal of Earth Science 6: 1185-1190. * mortality population size scale analysis sex ratio sexual T. arcticus T. nigrescen:S T. thymallus Yukon Terri- maturity spawning tagging weight weirs young-of- tory fossils scale analysis the-year 671. McAllister, D. E. and D. St-Onge. 1981. Postglacial 662. Lunde, G. 1980. Determination of polychlorinated fossil fishes from Coppermine River, Northwest Territories, biphenyls and DDE in Norwegian freshwater fish. Norges Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 95(2):203-205. Landbruksvitenskapelige Forskningsrlld, Norges Teknisk- T. arcticus Northwest Territories fossils Naturvitenskapelige Forskningsrlld Intern Rapport 58:1-16. In English. 672. McCart, P. 1974. Late winter surveys of lakes and T. thymallus Norway contamination pollution streams in Canada and Alaska along gas pipeline routes under consideration by Canadian Arctic Gas Study Ltd., 663. Lusk, S. 1969. The utility value of the brown trout, 1972-1973. Canadian Arctic Gas Study Ltd., Calgary. Salmo trutta m. fario L., and the grayling, Thymallus Biological Report Series 19(1). thymallus L. Zoologicke Listy 18(1):81-91. In English* T. arcticus Alaska Northwest Territories Yukon Ter- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia utility value weight ritory distribution

664. Lusk, S. 1975. Distribution and growth rate of gray- 673. McCart, P. and V. A. Pepper. 1971. Geographic ling (Thymallus thymallus) in the drainage area of the Svratka variation in the lateral line scale counts of the Arctic gray- River, Czechoslovakia. Zoologicke Listy 24(4):385-399. In ling, Thymallus arcticus. Journal of the Fisheries Research English with Russian summary.* Board of Canada 28(5):749-754. * T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age condition factor T. arcticus Alaska British Columbia Northwest Ter- distribution growth harvests length frequencies length- ritories Yukon Territory distribution stock identifica- weight relationship management scale analysis weight tion zoogeography

665. Lusk, S. 1976. The ichthyofauna of the Kfetlnka Creek 674. McCart, P., P. Craig and H. Bain. 1972. Report on in relation to the water reservoir at Letovice. Zoologick~ fisheries investigations in the Sagavanirktok River and Listy 25(4):367-382. In English with Russian summary.* neighboring drainages. Alyeska Pipeline Service Co., T. thymallus Czechoslovakia distribution exploitation Bellevue, WA. Pp. 61-69.* of harvests management population size T. arcticus Alaska age age determination distribution egg size fecundity food and feeding habits growth 666. Lusk, S. 1978. Fish stock and angling in the middle habitat juvenile larvae length-weight relationship course of the Svratka River. Folia Zoologica (Bmo) migration and movements otoliths overwintering samp- 27(1):71-84. In English with Russian summary.* ling techniques scale analysis sexual maturity spawn- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia dams electroshocking ing tagging weirs young-of-the-year exploitation of harvests impact assessment management population size 675. McCart, P., W. Griffiths, C. Gossen, H. Bain and D. Tripp. 1974. Catalog of lakes and streams in Canada 667. Lusk, S. 1979. Ten years' changes of the salmonid fish along routes of the proposed arctic gas pipeline from the stock in a reach of the Loucka Stream. Folia Zoologica Alaskan-Canadian border to the 60th parallel. Canadian Arc- (Brno) 28(1):43-54. In English with Russian summary.* tic Gas Study, Ltd., Calgary. Biological Report Series T. thymallus Czechoslovakia exploitation of harvests 16:1-251. impact assessment population size T. arcticus Alaska Yukon Territory distribution

668. Lusk, S. and L. Skacel. 1978. Lipen. (Grayling.) SRZ, 676. McCarty, G. 1933. Grayling in the Park. Yellowstone Priroda, Bratislava. Pp. 1-182. In Czech. Nature Notes 9(10): 10. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works Idaho Montana Wyoming general works

669. Lynch, J, C. and E. R. Vyse. 1979. Genetic variability 677. McClane, A. J, 1974. McClane's standard fishing en- and divergence in grayling, Thymallus arcticus. Genetics cyclopedia. Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., New York. Pp. 92(1):263-278. 25-28, 83, 288-289.* T. arcticus Montana Northwest Territories elec- T. arcticus T. thymallus North America Europe gen- trophoresis genetics stock identification eral works illustrations

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678. MacCrimmon, H. R. 1974. Freshwater aquaculture 686. McMahon, B. and L. Cartier. 1974. Methanol tox- in Canada. Pp. 3-34.ln H. R. MacCrimmon, J. E. Stewart icity in northern fishes-preliminary report. In P. J. McCart, and J. R. Brett. Aquaculture in Canada. The practice and ed. Arctic Gas Biological Report Series Vol. 15, Chapter the promise. Canada Fisheries Research Board Bulletin 188. * v. 36 pp. T. arcticus Canada culture hatcheries T. arcticus Alaska contamination 679. Mackay, D. W. 1970. Populations of trout and gra:, ling in two Scottish Rivers. Journal of Fish Biology 687. McPhail, J.D. 1960. Annotated bibliography on the 2(1):39-45.* arctic North American freshwater fishes. University of T. thymallus Scotland growth length-weight relation- British Columbia, Vancouver. Institute of Fish., Museum ship pollution Contribution 2. 20 pp. T. arcticus North America bibliographies 680. McKinnon, G. A., B. G. Sutherland and P. R. Robinson. 1978. Preliminary data on the aquatic resources 688. McPhail, J. D. 1963. The post glacial dispersal of of three Mackenzie River tributaries to be crossed during freshwater fishes in northern North America. Ph.D. Thesis, highway construction, 1975-76. Canada Department of En- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. 157 pp. vironment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Report T. arcticus North America zoogeography No. 1481. 32 pp. With French summary.* T. arcticus Northwest Territories food and feeding habits growth length frequencies length-weight relation- 689. McPhail, J.D. and C. C. Lindsey. 1970. Freshwater ship overwintering fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Canada Fisheries Research Board Bulletin 173. 381 pp. 681. McKirdy, H. J. 1962. Investigations of the Tanana T. arcticus Alaska British Columbia Yukon Territory River grayling fisheries: Migration study. Alaska Depart- general works life history ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1961-1962. Project F-5-R-3, 690. MacPhee, C. and F. J. Watts. 1973. Swimming per- 3(14-B):251-254~ * formance and migratory behavior of Arctic grayling T. arcticus Alaska marking migration and movements (Thymallus arcticus), Alaska. Progress Report to U.S. Fish tagging and Wildlife Service, Anchorage. Contract No. 682. McLean, R. F. and K. J, Delaney. 1978. Alaska's 14-16-0001-5207. 71 pp. fisheries atlas. Vol. 2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. T. arcticus Alaska behavior swimming ability 43 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska distribution general works 691. MacPhee, C. and F. J. Watts. 1975. Swimming performance of Arctic grayling in highway culverts. Progress 683. McLean, R. F., K. J. Delaney and B. A. Cross. 1977. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage. Con- Fish and wildlife resource inventory of the Cook Inlet-Kodiak tract No. 14-16-0001-5207. 39 pp.* areas. Vol. 2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. T. arcticus Alaska age behavior culverts growth Fisheries. 443 pp. juvenile length frequencies management migration and T. arcticus Alaska distribution movements population size sampling techniques sex 684. McLeay. D. J., G. L. Ennis, I. K. Birtwell and ratio sexual maturity swimming ability weirs young- G.F. Hartman. 1984. Effects on Arctic grayling, Thymallus of-the-year arcticus, of prolonged exposure to Yukon, Canada placer mining sediment. A laboratory study. Canadian Technical 692. MacPhee, C. and F. J. Watts. 1976. Swimming per- Report, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1241. 96 pp. formance of Arctic grayling in highway culverts. Final T. arcticus Yukon Territory hypoxia impact assess- Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage. Con- ment placer mining temperature tolerances tract No. 14-16-0001-5207. 41 pp. T. arcticus 685. McLeay, D. J., A. J. Knox, J. G. Malick, I. K. Dirt- Alaska culverts swimming ability well, G. Hartman and G. L. Ennis. 1983. Effects on Arc- tic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) of short-term exposure to 693. Makara, A. and I. Stranai. 1980. Vek a rast lipna Yukon placer mining sediments: Laboratory and field studies. obycajnt!ho (Thymallus thymallus) v hornom toku rieky Canadian Technical Report, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Slanej. (The age and growth of Thymallus thymallus in the No. 1171. 134 pp.* upper course of the Slana River.) Pol'nohospodarstvo T. arcticus Yukon blood condition factor contamina- 26( 11): 1007-1013. In Slovak with English and Russian tion food and feeding habits impact assessment oxygen summaries.* requirements placer mining respiration temperature T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age condition factor tolerances growth length frequencies sex ratio T

60 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

694. Makoedov, A. N. 1982. The chromosomal polymorph- Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries ism of grayling (Thymallus arcticus pallasi) and some ques- and Wildlife Branch, Fisheries Report No. 8. Pp. 5-29. * tions of karyotype evolution in the subfamily Thymallinae. T. arcticus Saskatchewan management spawning Tsitologiya i Genetika 16(5):53-56. In Russian with English stocking and transplanting summary.* Cytology and Genetics 16(5):57-61. English 705. Marston, R. B. 1902. Angling for grayling. Pp. translation. 489-512./n Fishing, Vol. 1. Charles Scribner and Sons, New T. arcticus pallasi USSR chromosomes genetics York. 695. Makoedov, A. N. 1982. Karyotype of Siberian gray- North America fishing, sport ling from the waters of northeast Asia. Pp. 84-86./n Biology of animals in the Far East. In Russian.* 706. Massaro, E. J, 1973. Tissue distribution and proper- T. arcticus pallasi T. thymallus USSR chromosomes ties of the lactate and supernatant malate dehydrogenase genetics isozymes of the grayling, Thymallus arcticus (Pallas). Jour- nal of Experimental Zoology 186(2):151-157.* 696. Makogon, Kh. G. 1972. Role of sphaerid mollusks T. arcticus Montana chromosomes electrophoresis in distribution of the causative agent of crepidostomatosis genetics of fish. Hydrobiological Journal 8(3) :63-65. In English.* T. thymallus USSR diseases parasites 707. Mather, F. 1874. The Michigan grayling and its habit. Forest and Stream 2(11): 164-165. 697. Malzan, M. 1931. Der Mageninhalt einiger lsar- T. tricolor Michigan historical Aschen. (The stomach contents of some lsar-grayling.) 708. Mather, F. 1875. A trip after grayling spawn. Forest Fischerei-Zeitung 34:62. In German. and Stream 4(14):214. T. thymallus Germany food and feeding habits T. tricolor Michigan egg takes historical 698. Mann, G. J. 1975. Winter fisheries survey across the Mackenzie Delta. Canadian Arctic Gas Study Ltd., Calgary. 709. Matyukhin, V. A. and G. M. D'yachenko. 1976. Biological Report Series 34(3):54. Electrical activity of the red and white muscles of the Baikal T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution grayling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis, at different swimming speeds. Journal oflchthyology 16( 1): 130-135. English 699. Mann, R. H. K. 1982. The annual food consumption translation.* and prey preferences of pike, Esox lucius, in the River T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram muscle Frome, Dorset, U.K. Journal of Animal Ecology swimming ability 51(1):81-96. T. thymallus England predators 710. Matyukhin, V. A., T.V. Neshumova and Ya. V. Dement'yev. 1975. Temperature changes of the red and 700. Marcuson, P. 1974. Beartooth grayling study. Mon- white muscles of the Baikal grayling (Thymallus arcticus tana Department of Fish and Game, Helena. Federal Aid baicalensis) at different swimming speeds. Journal of Project F-20-R-18, Job No. 1-a (Supplement). 18 pp. Ichthyology 15(5):794-798. English translation. Montana T. arcticus baicalensis USSR muscle swimming 701. Margolis, L. andJ. R. Arthur. 1979. Synopsis of the ability parasites of fishes of Canada. Canada Fisheries Research 711. Matyukhin, V. A., T. V. Neshumova and A. Y. Board Bulletin 199: 165. * Stolbov. 1976. The characteristics of electromyographic ac- T. arcticus British Columbia Northwest Territories tivity of various muscle types and the Thymallus consump- Yukon Territory parasites tion of oxygen at various swimming speeds. Izvestiya Sibir- 702. Margreiter, H. 1938. Der Asche (Thymallus thymallus skogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya L.). (The grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.J.) Fische Tirols Biologicheskikh Nauk 1 : 112-117. In Russian with English und Vorarlbergs 2:1-56. In German. summary.* T. thymallus Austria general works T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram muscle swimming ability 703. Marriott, R. A. 1969. Inventory and cataloging of the sport fish and sport fish waters in southwest Alaska. Alaska 712. Meta, A. J. 1882. Suomen Luurankoiset, eli Luonnon- Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- tieteellisen Suomen. Luurankois-elliimisto. K. E. Holm'in tion, Annual Report of Progress, 1968-1969. Project F-9-1, Kustannuksella, Helsinki. Pp. 345-346. In Finnish. 10(6-A): 105-107. * T. vulgaris Finland general works T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting 713. Mershon, W. B. 1916. The grayling in Michigan. 704. Marshall, T. L. and R. P. Johnson. 1971. History Forest and Stream 86(2):799. and results of fish introductions in Saskatchewan, 1900-1969. T. tricolor Michigan historical

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714. Mershon, W. B. 1923. Recollections of my fifty years 725. Miller, H. L. 1963. The old Au Sable. William B. hunting and fishing. Stratford Co., Boston. 259 pp. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI. Pp. 85-106. * North America fishing, sport T. tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical impact assessment 715. Metcalf, M. 1961. The Michigan grayling. Michigan History 45(2): 140-163. * 726. Miller, R. B. 1946. Notes on the Arctic grayling, T. tricolor Michigan culture food and feeding habits 1hymallus signifer Richardson, from Great Bear Lake. hatcheries historical larvae Copeia 4:227-236. * T. signifer Northwest Territories distribution food and 716. Micha, J.-C. 1971. Densite de population, age et feeding habits growth larvae length frequencies para- croissance du barbeau, Barbus barbus (L.), et l'ombre, sites sampling techniques scale analysis sexual maturi- 1hymallus thymallus (L.), dans L'Ourthe. (Population den- ty spawning weight young-of-the-year sity, age and growth of barbel Barb us barb us (L.), and gray- 727. Miller, R. B. 1947. Northwest Canadian fisheries in ling, 1hymallus thymallus (L.), in the Ourthe River.) An- 1944 and 1945. Great Bear Lake. Canada Fisheries Research nales d'Hydrobiologie 2(1):47-68. In French with English Board Bulletin 72, Chapter 4. Pp. 31-34. summary. T. signifer Northwest Territories distribution T. thymallus Belgium age growth population dynamics sampling techniques 728. Mills, M. J, 1979. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest studies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid 717. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners. in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1978-1979, 1875. First Biennial Report, for 1873 and 1874. 46 pp. Project F-9-11, 20(SW-I-A). 112 pp.* T. tricolor Michigan historical T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel census fishing, sport harvests 718. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners. 1881. Fourth Biennial Report, for 1879 and 1880. 52 pp. 729. Mills, M. J, 1980. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest T. tricolor Michigan historical studies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1979-1980. 719. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners. Project F-9-12, 21(SW-I-A). 65 pp.* 1883. Fifth Biennial Report, for 1881 and 1882. 26 pp. T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- T. tricolor Michigan historical sus fishing, sport harvests 730. Mills, M. J. 1981. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest 720. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners. studies (1980). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- 1885. Sixth Biennial Report, for 1883 and 1884. 70 pp. eral Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, T. tricolor Michigan historical 1980-81. Project F-9-13, 22(SW-I-A). 107 pp. * 721. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners. T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- 1887. Seventh Biennial Report, for 1884 and 1885. 83 pp. sus fishing, sport harvests T. tricolor Michigan historical 731. Mills, M. J, 1982. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest studies (1981). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- 722. Micklos, R. C. 1961. A report on Minnesota's first eral Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, grayling season, Twin Lake, Lake County, September 21-29, 1981-82. Project F-9-14, 23(SW-I-A). 115 pp. * 1957. Minnesota Fish and Game Investigations, Fish Series T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- No. 3. Pp. 63-68. * sus fishing, sport harvests T. arcticus Minnesota census-survey methods creel census growth harvests length frequencies length- 732. Mills, M. J. 1983. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest weight relationship stocking and transplanting studies (1982). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- eral Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 723. Migdalski, E. C. 1962. Freshwater sport fishes of 1982-83. Project F-9-15, 24(SW-I-A). 118 pp.* North America. Ronald Press Co., New York. T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- North America general works sus fishing, sport harvests

724. Milbrink, G. and S. Holmgren. 1981. Addition of 733. Mills, M. j. 1984. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest artificial fertilizers as a means of reducing negative effects studies (1983). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- of oligotrophication in lakes after impoundment. Institute of eral Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, Freshwater Research, Drottningholm. Report 59:97-120. In 1983-84. Project F-9-16, 25(SW-I-A). 122 pp. * English. T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- T. thymnllus Sweden dams impact assessment sus fishing, sport harvests 62 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

734. MiUs, M. J, 1985. Alaska statewide sport fish harvest 746. Moravec, F. 1971. Studies on the development of the studies (1984). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fed- nematode Cystidicoloides tenuissima (Zeder, 1800). V~stntk eral Aid hi Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, C':eskoslovenske Spole~nosti Zoologicke 35( 1) :43-55. In 1984-85. Project F-9-17, 26(SW-I-A). 135 pp. * English.* T. arcticus Alaska census-survey methods creel cen- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia parasites sus fishing, sport harvests 747. Morrow, J. E. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. 735. Milne, A. R. and B. D. Smiley. 1976. Offshore dril- Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., Anchorage. 248 pp. * ling for oil in the Beaufort Sea: A preliminary environmen- T. arcticus Alaska general works life history tal assessment. Department of Environment, Victoria, British 748. Moshenko, R. W. and G. Low. 1983. Data from the Columbia. Beaufort Sea Project, Beaufort Sea Technical Arctic grayling sport fishery on the Kakisa River, Northwest Report No. 39. Territories, 1971-78. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and T. arcticus Northwest Territories fishing, subsistence Aquatic Sciences, No. 388. 31 pp. With French summary. 736. Milner, J, W. 1873. Notes on the graylings of North T. arcticus Northwest Territories age census-survey America. Pp. 730-732. In Freshwater fisheries of the United methods creel census fishing, sport length frequencies States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. sex ratio sexual maturity weight North America general works historical 749. Moshenko, W. R. 1964-1965. Summary of Manitoba 737. Milner, J, W. 1874. Notes on the grayling of North Master Angler Awards and related information. Manitoba America (Thymallus tricolor). Report of U.S. Fish Commis- Department of Mines, Resources and Environmental sion, VoL 2, for 1872 and 1873. Pp. 729-742. Management Research Branch, Manuscript Report. T. tricolor North America general works historical T. arcticus Manitoba trophy grayling 750. Mottram, R. H. 1982. Grayling rare around here but 738. Minckley, W. L. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona that may change soon. Tacoma News Tribune, June 6, Out- Game and Fish Department. Pp. 54-55,68-69, 76-77.* doors Section.* T. arcticus T. signifer Arizona general works illus- T. arcticus Washington age competition distribution trations growth management spawning stocking and transplant- 739. Mitchell, F. A. 1894. A week with the grayling. Part ing territoriality I. Forest and Stream 43(24):513-514. 751. Moyle, P. B. 1976. Inland fisheries of California. T. tricolor Michigan historical University of California Press, Berkeley. Pp. 111-113.* T. arcticus 740. Moffett, J, W. 1950. The status of Montana grayling California general works in Grebe Lake, Yellowstone National Park. U.S. Fish and 752. MUller, K. 1954. Produktionbiologische Unter- Wildlife Service Report. 12 pp. Unpublished. suchungen in Nordschwedischen Fliessgewiissern. Teil 2. T. montanus Wyoming Untersuchungen tiber Verbreitung, Bestandsdichte, 741. Moles, A., S.D. Rice and S. Korn. 1979. Sensitivity Wachstum und Erniihrung der Fische der Nordschwedischen of Alaskan freshwater and anadromous fishes to Prudhoe Bay Waldregion. (Production biology research in flowing waters crude oil and benzene. Transactions of the American of northern Sweden. Part 2. Research on distribution, popula- Fisheries Society 108(4):408-414.* tion density, growth and feeding of fish in the forest region T. arcticus Alaska contamination in northern Sweden.) Institute of Freshwater Research, Drott- ningho1m. Report 35: 149-183. In German.* 742. Montana State Fish Commission. 1912. Biennial T. vulgaris Sweden age competition food and Report, for the years 1911 and 1912. Helena. 36 pp. feeding habits growth length frequencies population T. montanus Montana historical size stocking and transplanting 743. Montana State Fish Commission. 1914. Biennial 753. Miiller, K. 1957. Harrens och laxoringens tillvaxt och Report for the years 1913 and 1914. Helena. 89 pp. fdda i Lu1ealvsomradet. (Growth and feeding of grayling and T. montanus Montana historical salmon in the Lule River area.) Norrbottens Lantmannablad 7:79-87. In Swedish.* 744. Montana State Fish Commission. 1918. Biennial T. vulgaris Sweden food and feeding habits growth Report for the years 1917 and 1918. Helena. 79 pp. (Thymallus T. montanus Montana historical 754. MUller, K. 1961. Die Biologie der Asche thymallus L.) im Lule Alv (Schwedische Lappland). (The 745. Moravec, F. 1971. Nematodes of fishes in biology of grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.] in the Lule Czechoslovakia. PrtrodovMne Pnice Ustavu C':eskosloven- River [Swedish Lapp land].) Zeitschrift fi.ir Fischerei und ske Akademie Ved v Brnts N.S. 5:1-49. In Czech. deren Hilfswissenschaften 10(1-3):173-201. In German with T. thymallus Czechoslovakia parasites English and Russian summaries.* Worldwide Bibliography 63

T. thymallus Sweden distribution embryonic period 763. Mufik, V. 1984. Abundance, ichthyomass, growth, and food and feeding habits growth habitat juvenile length age structure of the fish fry in Papradnianka Brook, frequencies young-of-the-year Czechoslovakia. Biologia (Bratislava) 39(6):599-610. In Slovak. 755. MUller, K. 1982. Jungfischwanderungen zur Bottensee. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia growth juvenile popu- (Seaward migration of juvenile fish species to the Bothnian lation size Sea.) Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie 95(1-4):271-282. In German with English summary. T. thymallus Sweden juvenile migration and N movements 764. Nagata, T. and G. Van Whye. 1963. Investigations 756. MUller, K. and E. Berg. 1982. Spring migration of of the Tanana River gray ling fisheries: Migration study. some anadromous freshwater fish species in the northern Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Bothnian Sea. Hydrobiologia 96(2):161-168. In English.* Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1962-1963. Proj- T. thymallus Sweden migration and movements weirs ect F-5-R-4, 4(14-B):483-505.* 757. MUller, K. and L. Karlsson. 1983. The biology of T. arcticus Alaska homing impact assessment the grayling, Thymallus thymallus, in coastal areas of the management marking migration and movements over- Bothnian Sea, Baltic Sea. Aquilo, Series Zoologica 22:65-68. wintering tagging T. thymallus Sweden migration and movements salini- 765. Nagy, S. 1980. Contribution to the knowledge of the ty tolerance sexual maturity weirs food of graylings (Thymallus thymallus) in the Bela River (western Tatra Mountains). Folia Zoologica (Brno) 758. Murbach, V. 1976. Fehlen des Reissnerschen fadens 29(2):185-192. In English with Russian summary.* im Zentralkanal achsenverkrUmmter Aschen80mmerlinge T. thymallus Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits (Thymallus vulgaris). (Absence of the Reissners fiber in the neural tube of graylings [Thymallus vulgaris) with axial 766. Naiksatam, A. S. 1974. Age and growth of the Euro- distortions of the body.) Revue Suisse de Zoologic pean grayling, Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) 83(4):903-908. In German with English and French (Osteichthyes: Thymallidae) from upper Vltava River of summaries.* Czechoslovakia. V!stnik Ceskoslovenske Spole~nosti Zoo- T. vulgaris Switzerland abnormalities illustrations logicke 38(2):106-112. In English.* T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age growth length 759. Murdoch, J, 1892. Fishes. Pp. 58. In Ethnological frequencies results of the Point Barrow Expedition, International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, 1881-1883. U.S. Bureau 767. Nashoug, 0. 1976. Mj0sutvalget. Fisketeknikker for of Ethnology, Ninth Annual Report. 1887-88. Mj0sa med till0pselver og Vorma. (Lake Mj0sa Research T. signifer Alaska distribution Committee. Fishing techniques for Lake Mj0sa with its tributaries and the River Vorma.) Arsberetning for 1975. In 760. Murray, J, B. 1984. Kodiak area angler use and stock Norwegian. assessment studies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, T. thymallus Norway exploitation of fishing, sport Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance 768. Nedecky, S. 1946. Lipne na Slovensku po druhej Report, 1983-1984. Project F-9-16, 25(G-I-B). 38 pp.* svetovej vojne. Ceskoslovenske Rybafstvi I. In Czech. T. arcticus Alaska predators stocking and T. thymallus Czechoslovakia transplanting 769. Nelson, D. C. 1984. Russian River sockeye salmon 761. Murray, J, B. and F. Van Holle. 1980. Inventory and study. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters in southwestern in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1983-1984. Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid Project F-9-16, 25(G-II-C). 66 pp. in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1979-1980. T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport harvests Project F-9-12, 21(G-I-B):20-21.* 770. Nelson, E. W. 1886. Field notes on Alaskan fishes with T. arcticus Alaska population size additional notes by Tarleton H. Bean. Pp. 295-322. In L. 762. Muus, B. J, andP. Dahlstrom. 1978. Europas fersk- M. Turner, ed. Contributions to the natural history of Alaska. vannsfisk. (Freshwater fishes of Europe.) Gydendal Norsk Results of expeditions made chiefly in the Yukon District Forlag, Oslo, Norway. Pp. 76-77. In Norwegian.* and the Aleutian Islands. Conducted under the auspices of T. thymallus Europe age egg incubation fecundity the Signal Service, U.S. Army, extending from May, 1874 food and feeding habits general works growth habitat to August, 1881. U.S. Government Printing Office, hatcheries illustrations pollution sex characters sex- Washington, D.C. ual maturity spawning weight T. signifer Alaska historical r j

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771. Nelson, G. J, 1967. Epibranchial organs in lower T. arcticus Alaska age age determination distribu- teleostean fishes. Journal of Zoology 153:71-89. tion egg incubation electroshocking fishing, sport gear T. thymallus England epibranchial organ selectivity growth hooking mortality illustrations larvae length frequencies management migration and 772. Nelson, J, S. 1976. Fishes of the world. Wiley- movements mortality overwintering population size Interscience, New York. P. 98. sampling techniques scale analysis spawning tagging Worldwide general works temperature tolerances weirs young-of-the-year 780. Nickerson, F. C. and H. Hosford. 1972. A look at 773. Nelson, P. H. 1954. Life history and management of trout and grayling. Manitoba Department of Mines, the American grayling (Thymallus signifer tricolor) in Mon- Resources and Environment Management. tana. Journal of Wildlife Management 18(3):324-342. * T. arcticus Manitoba T. signifer tricolor Montana age competition condition factor creel census distribution egg incubation 781. Nieslanik, J. 1959. Rast a formy tela lipnov v electroshocking growth harvests historical impact slovensk9ch to koch. Polovnktvo a Rybarstvo 11 (9): 14-15. assessment juvenile larvae length frequencies life his- In Slovak. tory management marking migration and movements T. thymallus Czechoslovakia predators scale analysis sexual maturity spawning 782. Nieslanik, J, 1963. Jak rychle roste ryba? Lipan stocking and transplanting weight podhorni. Ceskoslovenske Rybafstv1 18:112. In Czech. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia general works 774. Nelson, P. H. 1956. The grayling-an endangered species. Montana Wildlife 6(1):20-21. * 783. Nikol'skiy, A.M. 1902. Gady i ryby. (Amphibians T. montanus Montana historical management and fish.) St. Petersburg. In Russian. USSR general works 775. Nepigon, -. 1879. Grayling fishing on the Manistee. 784. Nikol'skiy, G. V. 1948. Reka Arnur i yeye ryby. (The Forest and Stream 12(26):503-504. Amur River and its fishes.) Moscow Naturalists Society T. tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical Press, Moscow. In Russian. T. arcticus grubei USSR general works 776. Neresheimer, E. 1941. Die Lachsartigen (Salmonidae). 785. Nikol'skiy, G. V. 1956. Ryby basseyna Amura. (Fishes (The salmonids [Salmonidae].) Part I. Handbuch der Bin- of the Amur Basin.) Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 551 nenfischerei Mitteleuropas 3A:219-370. In German. pp. In Russian. T. thymallus Europe general works T. arcticus grubei USSR general works

777. Neshumova, T. V. 1979. Dinamika izmenenij 786. Nikol'skiy, G. V., N. A. Gromchevskaya, G. M. ehlekricheskoj aktivnoti i temperatury razlichnykh tipov Morozova and V. A. Pikuleva. 1947. Ruby bassejna myshts bajkal'skogo khariusa Thymallus arcticus baicalen verkhnei Pechory. (Fishes of the upper Pechora basin.) sis (Dyb.) pri dlitel'nom plavanii. (The dynamics of changes Moscow Naturalists Society Press, Moscow. Materialy k in the electrical activity and temperature of different types poznaniyu fauny i flory SSSR, Novaia Seriia, Otdel of muscles in the Lake Baikal grayling, Thymallus arcticus Zoologicheskii 6:5-202. In Russian. baicalensis, during prolonged swimming.) Voprosy USSR general works Ikhtiologii 19(1): 155-159. In Russian. Journal oflchthyology 787. Nilsson, N.-A. 1967. Interactive segregation between 19(1):139-143. In English.* fish species. Pp. 295-313. In S. D. Gerking, ed. The T. arcticus baicalensis USSR electromyogram muscle biological basis of freshwater fish production. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford and Edinburgh, Great Britain. 778. Neshumova, T.V. and V. A. Matyukhin. 1977. In- T. thymallus England competition tensity of tissue respiration in skeletal muscles of the Baikal grayling in different physiological states and adaptation 788. Nilsson, N.-A. 1973. Biological effects of water-power temperatures. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii exploration in Sweden, and means of compensation for Nauk SSSR 3: 130-133. In Russian with English summary.* damage. Commission lnternationale des Grands Barrages. T. arcticus baicalensis USSR muscle respiration Pp. 923-940. In English. T. thymallus Sweden dams impact assessment 779. Netsch, N. F. 1975. Fishery resources of waters along 789. Nilsson, 0. W. and H. H. Peterson. 1964. Harren. the route of the trans-Alaska pipeline between Yukon River (The grayling.) Almquist & Wiksell/Gebers Publishers AB, and Atigun Pass in north central Alaska. U.S. Fish and Stockholm. 143 pp. In Swedish . .ll Wildlife Service Resource Publication 124:1-45. * T. thymallus Sweden general works Worldwide Bibliography 65

790. Nitsche, N. and E. Rohler. 1909. Die SUsswasserfische 800. Novikov, A. S. 1966. Ryby reki Kolymy. (The fish Deutschlands: Ihre Kennzeichen, Fonpflanzung, Verbreitung of the Kolyma River.) Nauka Press, Moscow. 133 pp. In und wirtschlaftliche Bedeutung. (The freshwater fishes of Russian. Germany, their characteristics, reproduction, distribution and USSR general works scientific importance.) Verlag des Deutschen 801. Novikov, G. G. and Y. S. Reshetnikov. 1969. Fischereivereins, Berlin. In German. Research into the protein composition of blood serum of fish T. thymallus Germany general works of the salmon family. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 9(1):163-171. In Russian.* Problems oflchthyology 9(1):119-126. English 791. Norden, C. R. 1959. Comparative morphology of cer- translation. tain salmonid fishes, with particular reference to the gray- T. thymallus USSR blood electrophoresis ling (1hymallus arcticus) and its phylogeny. Ph.D. Disser- tation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 220 pp. 802. Nybelin, 0. 1971. On the caudal skeleton in Elops with T arcticus Alaska Michigan Montana South Dakota remarks on other teleostean fishes. Acta Regiae Societatis Wyoming anatomy and morphology distribution tax- Scientiarum et Litterarum GOteburgensis Zoologica 7: 1-78. onomy T. thymallus Sweden anatomy and morphology 792. Norden, C. R. 1961. Comparative osteology of 803. Nygren, A., B. Nilsson and M. Jahnke. 1971. representative salmonid fishes, with particular reference to Cytological studies in 1hymallus thymallus and Coregonus the grayling (1hymallus arcticus) and its phylogeny. Jour- albula. Hereditas 67(2):269-274. In English.* nal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada T. thymallus Sweden chromosomes genetics 18(5) :679-791. * T. arcticus Alaska Michigan Montana South Dakota Wyoming anatomy and morphology distribution taxonomy 0 793. Norlin, A. 1967. Terrestrial insects in lake surfaces: 804. O'Brien, W. J. 1975. Some aspects of the limnology Their availability and importance as fish food. Institute of of the ponds and lakes of the Noatak drainage basin, Alaska. Freshwater Research, Drottningholm. Report 47:39-55. Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical T. thymallus Sweden food and feeding habits and Applied Limnology 19:472-479. In English. T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits 794. Norman, -. 1887. The rise and fall of the grayling. American Angler 11(6):87. 805. O'Brien, W. J, and D. G. Huggins. 1974. The lim- North America fishing, sport historical nology of the Noatak drainage area. Pp. 158-223. In S. B. Young, ed. Contributions from the Center for Northern 795. Norris, L. D. 1878. The Michigan grayling: What must Studies No. 1. be done to prevent the annihilation of this excellent food and T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits game fish. Transaction of the Michigan Sportsman Associa- tion. Third Annual Session, Battle Creek. Pp. 55-59. 806. O'Brien, W. J,, C. Buchanan and J. F. Haney. 1979. T. tricolor Michigan historical Arctic zooplankton community structure: Exceptions to some general rules. Arctic 32(3):237-247. * 796. Norris, T. 1875. On the acclimatization of the Michigan T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits grayling in eastern waters. Proceedings of the American Fish 807. Oatka, -. 1888. Grayling fishing on the Au Sable. Culture Association 4:38-39. American Angler 14(2):19-20. T tricolor Michigan habitat T tricolor Michigan fishing, sport historical 797. Norris, T. 1879. The Michigan grayling. Scribners' 808. Oissar, A. 1971. Two species of fish that are rare in Monthly Magazine 19:17-23. Lake Peipsi. Eesti Loodus 14:363. In Estonian with English T. tricolor Michigan historical summary. 798. Norris, T. 1883. The Michigan grayling. Pp. 493-506. USSR distribution In A. M. Mayer, ed. Sport with rod and gun. Century Co., 809. Olifan, V. I. 1957. 0 sutochnykh ritmakh pitaniya New York. mal'kov baykal'skogo khariusa i o sutochnykh ritrnakh u T. tricolor Michigan historical molodi ryb voobshche. (Daily feeding rhythm in the fry of 799. Northrup, A. J, 1880. Camps and tramps in the the Baikal grayling and others.) Doklady Akademii Nauk Adirondacks, and grayling fishing in northern Michigan: A SSSR 114(3):669-672. In Russian. Doklady. Biological record of summer vacations in the wilderness. Baker, Pratt Sciences Section 114:591-593. English translation.* & Co., New York. 302 pp. T. arcticus baicalensis USSR food and feeding habits T. tricolor Michigan historical larvae respiration 66 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

810. Oliva, 0. and A. S. Naiksatam. 1974. On the 819. Paddock, D. and M. Whitehead. 1970.1nventory and systematics of the European grayling, Thymallus thymallus cataloging of the sport fish and sport fish waters of the Bristol (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Thymallidae). V~stn1k Bay and lower Kuskokwim drainages. Alaska Department Ceskoslovenske Spole<::nosti Zoologicke 38:187-214. In of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual English.* Report of Progress, 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, T. thymallus Europe anatomy and morphology distri- 11(12-A):213-227. * bution morphometries sex characters taxonomy zoo- T. arcticus Alaska length frequencies population size geography tagging trophy grayling 811. Oliva, 0. and A. S. Naiksatam. 1979. Note on growth 820. Paetz, M. J, 1967. The angler's domain. Pp. 248-255. of some fishes from the River Dunajec. V~stn"Ik Ceskos1oven- In Alberta: A natural history. Evergreen Press, Vancouver, ske Spolocnosti Zoologicke 43(4):278-282. 1n English.* British Columbia.* T. thymallus Czechoslovakia growth length frequen- T. arcticus Alberta distribution general works cies scale analysis 821. Paetz, M. J, and J, S. Nelson. 1970. The fishes of 812. Olson, R. E. 1970. The life cycle of Cotylurus erraticus Alberta. Queen's Printer, Edmonton. Pp. 60-63.* (Rudolphi, 1809) Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda: Strigeidae). Jour- T. arcticus Alberta distribution general works illus- nal of Parasitology 56(1) :55-63. * trations T. arcticus Montana parasites 822. Papez, S. 1961. Proizvodnja lipanskih iker v ribogo- 813. Osgood, C. 1940. lngalik material culture. Yale jstvu "Sava." Ribarstvo Jugoslavije. In Serbo-Croatian. University Publications in Anthropology 22:233-234.* T. thymallus Yugoslavia Nonh America fishing, subsistence 823. Pappenheim, P. 1909. Pisces (inkl. Cyclostomata), 814. Ott, A. G. 1977. Gravel removal study sites in arctic Fische. (Fishes.) Pp. 90-201. In -. Brauer, ed. Die and subarctic streams in Alaska, USA. Science in Alaska. Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands, eine Exkursionsfauna. (The Proceedings of the Alaska Science Conference 28( 4): 36-37. freshwater fauna of Germany, an excursion fauna.) Vol. 1. T. arcticus Alaska impact assessment Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena. In German. T. thymallus Germany general works p 824. Parker, J, C. 1887. Some observations upon the gray- 815. Paddock, D. 1965. Inventory and cataloging of the ling. Michigan State Board of Fisheries Commissioners, sport fish and sport fish waters in the Bristol Bay and lower Eighth Biennial Report for 1886-1887. Pp. 105-107. * Kuskokwim drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and T. tricolor Michigan culture food and feeding habits Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of historical territoriality Progress, 1964-1965. Project F-5-R-6, 6(12-A):231-240.* T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies trophy 825. Parker, J, C. 1889. Some observations upon the gray- grayling ling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 17:83-87.* 816. Paddock, D. 1968. The big grayling country. Alaska T. tricolor Michigan culture food and feeding habits Sportsman. Apr. Pp. 6-7, 136-138.* historical territoriality T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport illustrations trophy grayling 826. Pavlik, J. 1957. Lov generacnkh Iipilov, sadkovanie a vjter. Ceskoslovenske Rybarstvl. In Czech. 817. Paddock, D. 1968. Inventory and cataloging of the T. thymallus Czechoslovakia sport fish and sport fish waters in the Bristol Bay and lower Kuskokwim drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and 827. Pavlik, J. 1963. Lipieil bajkalsky u m'is. Polovnictvo Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration. Annual Report of a Rybarstvo 15. In Czech. Progress, 1967-1968. Project F-5-R-9, 9(12-A):205-222.* T. arcticus baicalensis Czechoslovakia T. arcticus Alaska age fishing, sport length frequen- 828. Pavlovic, V. 1968. Die jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen cies population size trophy grayling cles Blutzuker-Spiegels und des Leberglycogens von 818. Paddock, D. 1969. Inventory and cataloging of the Thymallus thymallus L. und Salmo trutta m. fario L. bei sport fish and sport fish waters of the Bristol Bay and Lower nahezu konstanter Temperatur des Wassers. (Seasonal varia- Kuskokwim drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and tions of the blood-sugar level and of liver glycogen in Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Thymallus thymallus L. and Salm.o trutta m. fario L. at nearly Progress, 1968-1969. Project F-9-1, 10(12-A):247-264.* constant water temperature.) Zeitschrift ftir Vergleichende T. arcticus Alaska age fishing, sport growth length Physiologic 59( I): 72-77. In German with English summary.* frequencies population size trophy grayling T. thymallus Yugoslavia blood metabolism I I l Worldwide Bibliography 67

829. Pavlovic, V., 0. Mladenovic-Gvozdenovic and H. 836. Peckham, R. D. 1976. Evaluation of interior Alaska Kekic. 1972. Sexual dimorphism and seasonal oscillations and sport fish with emphasis on managed water, Delta of an average hemoglobin content in the erythrocytes of District. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid Salmo trutta m.fario and Thymallus thymallus near the spring in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1975-1976. of the River Bosna. Bulletin Scientifique (Zagreb) Section Project F-9-8, 17(G-III-I):3l-50.* A: Sciences Naturelles, Techniques et Medicales T. arcticus Alaska age creel census electroshocking 17(9-10):301-302. gear selectivity length frequencies population size sam- T. thymallus Yugoslavia blood pling techniques 830. Pearse, G. A. 1974. A study of a typical spring-fed 837. Peckham, R. D. 1977. Evaluation of interior Alaska stream of interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters, Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Delta District. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Report, 1973-1974. Project F-9-6, 15(G-III-G). 49 pp. * Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, T. arcticus Alaska age competition creel census 1976-1977. Project F-9-9, l8(G-III-I):88-100.* food and feeding habits habitat harvests length frequen- T. arcticus Alaska age creel census harvests length cies length-weight relationship migration and movements frequencies population size population size scale analysis sex ratio sexual maturity 838. Peckham, R. 1977. A study of a typical spring-fed spawning tagging stream of interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and 831. Pearse, G. A. 1976. Fisheries habitat evaluation along Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance the trans-Alaska pipeline route from Dietrich Pass to the Report, 1976-1977. Project F-9-9, 18(G-III-G):50-64.* T. arcticus Yukon River, with emphasis on the middle fork Koyukuk Alaska age creel census culture growth River drainage. Final Report of the Sport Fish Technical harvests length frequencies sampling techniques scale Evaluation Study, Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad- analysis stocking and transplanting young-of-the-year visory Team, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 66 pp. 839. Peckham, R. D. 1978. Evaluation of interior Alaska Unpublished. waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters, T. arcticus Alaska age growth habitat impact Delta District. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal assessment migration and movements weirs Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1977-1978. Project F-9-10, 19(G-III-I):62-74.* 832. Pearse, G. A. 1976. Study of typical spring-fed streams T. arcticus Alaska age electroshocking length fre- of interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, quencies population size Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1975-1976. Project F-9-8, l7(G-III-G). 17 pp.* 840. Peckham, R. D. 1978. A study of a typical spring-fed T. arcticus Alaska age competition gear selectivity stream of interior Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and length frequencies stocking and transplanting young-of- Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance the-year Report, 1977-1978. Project F-9-10, 19(G-III-G):22-45.* T. arcticus Alaska age competition creel census 833. Pearse, G. A. 1977. Inventory and cataloging of arc- culture harvests length frequencies length-weight rela- tic area waters. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, tionship management marking migration and move- Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance ments overwintering population size scale analysis Report, 1976-1977. Project F-9-9, l8(G-I-I):78-87.* stocking and transplanting tagging T. arcticus Alaska age growth length frequencies length-weight relationship 841. Peckham, R. D. 1979. Evaluation of interior Alaska waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters, 834. Pearse, G. A. 1978. Inventory and cataloging of in- Delta District. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal terior waters with emphasis on the upper Yukon and the haul Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, road areas. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal 1978-1979. Project F-9-11, 20(G-III-1):63-8l.* Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, T. arcticus Alaska age electroshocking length fre- 1977-1978. Project F-9-10, 19(G-I-N). 12 pp.* quencies population size stocking and transplanting T. arcticus Alaska age growth length frequencies 842. Peckham, R. D. 1980. Evaluation of interior Alaska 835. Peckham, R. D. 1974. Evaluation of interior Alaska waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters, waters and sport fish with emphasis on stocked lakes. Alaska Delta District. Alaska Department ofFish and Game, Federal Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, tion, Annual Performance Report, 1973-1974. Project F-9-6, 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 2l(G-III-1):7-22.* 15(G-III-E):29-34. * T. arcticus Alaska age creel census harvests length T. arcticus Alaska creel census harvests length fre- frequencies overwintering spawning stocking and trans- quencies migration and movements tagging planting weirs T I 68 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23 I

843. Peckham, R. D. 1984. Evaluation of interior Alaska 850. Pendray, T. 1983. Stream habitat inventory and evalua- waters and sport fish with emphasis on managed waters- tion for two study areas within the Yukon River basin. Yukon Delta district. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Department of Renewable Resources, Land Planning Branch. Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, Yukon River Basin Study, Project Report: Fisheries No. 3. 1983-1984. Project F-9-16, 25(G-III-1). 25 pp. 55 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska age age determination condition T. arcticus Yukon Territory census-survey methods factor fishing, sport habitat harvests impact assessment distribution habitat length frequencies length frequencies management pollution scale analysis 851. Percy, R. 1975. Fishes of the outer Mackenzie Delta. stocking and transplanting Canada Department of the Environment, Fisheries and 844. Peckham, R. D. and W. P. Ridder. 1979. A study Marine Service. Beaufort Sea Technical Report 8. 114 pp. of a typical spring-fed stream of interior Alaska. Alaska T. arcticus Northwest Territories food and feeding Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- habits life history migration and movements tion, Annual Performance Report, 1978-1979. Project 852. Percy, R., W. Eddy and D. Munro. 1974. F-9-11, 20(G-III-G):24-63. * Anadromous and freshwater fish of the outer Mackenzie T. arcticus Alaska age creel census culture electro- Delta. Canada Department of Environment, Fisheries and shocking length frequencies marking migration and Marine Service, Interim Report of the Beaufort Sea Project movements scale analysis stock identification stocking Study B2. and transplanting tagging T. arcticus Northwest Territories age distribution 845. Pedersen, S. 1971. Status and trends of subsistence food and feeding habits migration and movements resource use at Point Hope. P. 72. In Point Hope Project 853. Persat, H. 1982. Photographic identification of in- Report. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. dividual grayling, Thymallus thymallus, based on the disposi- T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence tion of the black dots and scales. Freshwater Biology 846. Penaz, M. 1975. Early development of the grayling 12:97-101. * Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus 1758). Pri'rodovedne Prace T. thymallus France anatomy and morphology mark- Ustavd Ceskoslovenske Akademie ved v Brne, Nova Series ing stock identification tagging Acta III 9(11):3-35. In English with Russian Summary.* 854. Persat, H. and E. Pattee. 1981. The growth rate of T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age anatomy and mor- young grayling in some French rivers. In V. Sladecek, ed. phology egg incubation egg size embryonic period Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical growth hatcheries illustrations juvenile larvae scale and Applied Limnology 21(2):1270-1275. In English with analysis weight French summary. 847. Penaz, M., Z. SvobodovA, M. Hejtmanek, J, T. thymallus France growth juvenile length fre- Trnkova and E. Wohlgemuth. 1980. Obsah rtuti v zaklad- quencies temperature tolerances young-of-the-year nich slo!kach ekosystemu l'eky Jihlavy. (Mercury content in the basic components of the ecosystem of the Jihlava 855. Persat, H., E. Pattee and A. L. Roux. 1978. Origine River.) Vyskumny Ustav Rybal'sk9 a HydrobiologicJcY, Vod~ et caracteristiques de Ia distribution de l'ombre commun, nany, Buletin CSSR 16(1):24-30. In Czech with English Thymallus thymallus (L. 1758) en Europe et en France. summary. (Origin and characteristics of the distribution of grayling, T. thymallus Czechoslovakia contamination muscle Thymallus thymallus [L. 1758] in Europe and France.) Pro- ceedings of the International Association of Theoretical and 848. Penczak, T. 1973. Co-occurrence of Polish fish species Applied Limnology 20(3):2117-2121. In French with English in rivers, depending upon environment. Kosmos Seria A summary. Biologia (Warsaw) 22(3):255-264. In Polish. T. thymallus Europe France zoogeography T. thymallus Poland oxygen requirements temperature tolerances 856. Persson, B. -G. and U. Walter. 1981. Harren i tva kraftverksmagasin-en studie av naringsval alder och tillviixt. 849. Pendray, T. 1983. Life history and habitat utilization (The grayling in two reservoirs-a study of feeding habits, of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in two central Yukon age and growth.) FAK informerar 11. Information frAn for- drainages. Yukon Department of Renewable Resources, st1ksgruppen for fiskvArdande Atglirder i kraftverksmagasin. Land Planning Branch. Yukon River Basin Study, Project Fiskeriintendenten i nedre norra distriktet, Hamosand. 50 Report: Fisheries No. 8. 44 pp. * pp. In Swedish. T. arcticus Yukon Territory age census-survey meth- T. thymallus Sweden age food and feeding habits ods egg incubation growth habitat length frequencies growth life history migration and movements otoliths population size scale analysis sexual maturity spawning tag- 857. Peterman, L. G. 1972. The biology and population ging weirs characteristics of the Arctic grayling in Lake Agnes, Mon- 1I I Worldwide Bibliography 69 I tana. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman. 29 865. Pfeifer, W. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the pp.* fishes of the Beaufort Sea and adjacent regions. Biological T. arcticus Montana age distribution fecundity Papers of the University of Alaska No. 17. 76 pp.* growth habitat length frequencies marking migration T. arcticus Alaska Canada USSR bibliographies I and movements population size sampling techniques sex characters sex ratio sexual maturity spawning territori- 866. Philipp, D. P. 1983. Biochemical genetic analysis of ality selected Alaskan populations of Arctic grayling, Thy11Ulllus arcticus. Final Completion Report to Alaska Cooperative 858. Peters, J, C. 1964. Age and growth studies and analysis Fishery Research Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. of bottom samples in connection with pollution studies. Mon- Contract No. 831. 28 pp. * tana Department of Fish and Game. Montana Project No. T. arcticus Alaska electrophoresis genetics stock F-023-R-06/Job 01-02. 76 pp. * identification T. arcticus Montana age distribution growth length frequencies 867. Philippart, J, C. (n.d.) Introduction to the evaluation of ecological and socioeconomic aspects of sport fishing in 859. Peterson, H. H. 1958. Kustharr. (Coastal grayling.) the Ourthe Meuse Basin in Belgium. Pp. 298-307./n J. H. Fiske. In Swedish. Grover, ed. Allocation of fishery resources. Proceedings of T. thy11Ulllus Sweden the Technical Consultation on Allocation of Fishery 860. Peterson, H. H. 1962. Harren-en trevlig sport- Resources, April20-23, 1980, Vichy, France. United Na- fiskebeklintskap. (The grayling-a nice sportfish to know.) tions Food and Agriculture Organization and American Fiske 62: 17-22. In Swedish. Fisheries Society. In French. T. thy11Ul/lus Sweden fishing, sport T. thy11Ulllus Belgium ecology fishing, sport socioeconomy 861. Peterson, H. H. 1968. The grayling, Thy11Ulllus thymallus (L.) of the Sundsvall Bay area. Institute of 868. Phillips, C. 1926. Fishes of Yellowstone National Park. Freshwater Research, Drottningholm. Report 48:36-56. In Yellowstone Nature Notes 3(4):2-4. English.* Idaho Montana Wyoming general works T. thy11Ulllus Sweden age age determination competition distribution ecology egg incubation fishing, 869. Phoxinus, -. 1939. Om barren. (About the grayling.) Svensk Fiskeri Tidskrift 48: 119-124. In Swedish. sport food and feeding habits gear selectivity growth T. thy11Ulllus Sweden general works habitat juvenile larvae length frequencies length- weight relationship migration and movements sampling 870. Pivnicka, K. and K. Hensel. 1978. Morphological techniques scale analysis sex ratio sexual maturity variation in the genus Thy11Ulllus Cuvier, 1829 and recogni- spawning stock identification swimming ability tagging tion of the species and subspecies. Acta Universitatis young-of-the-year Carolinae-Biologica 1975-1976:37-67. In English.* 862. Peterson, N. W. 1974. Southwestern Montana fisheries T. baicalensis T. brevirostris T. grubei T. nigrescens study. Montana Department of Fish and Game, Helena. Job T. thy11Ulllus T. thy11Ulllus arcticus T. thy11Ulllus mertensi Progress Report, Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restora- T. thy11Ulllus signifer T. thy11Ulllus thy11Ulllus Czechoslo- tion Acts, Montana Project No. F-9-R-22, Job No. 1-b. 13 vakia anatomy and morphology distribution growth il- pp. lustrations morphometries sex characters taxonomy T. arcticus Montana zoogeography 863. Peterson, N. W. 1979. Inventory of waters of the proj- 871. Platts, W. C. 1935. Grayling L Some comments on ect area. Montana Department of Fish and Game, Helena. its title and descriptions. Salmon and Trout Magazine Job Progress Report, Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife 81 :345-351. * Restoration Acts, Montana Project No. F-9-R-25, Job No. T. signifer T. thy11Ulllus England anatomy and mor- 1-b. 23 pp. phology illustrations taxonomy T. arcticus Montana 872. Platts, W. C. 1935. Where did the grayling come from? 864. Peterson, N. 1981. Montana's stream-dwelling gray- Pros and cons of the Continental Theory. Salmon and Trout ling; worthy of "Extra Special Concern." Montana Outdoors Magazine 78:28-32. 12(4): 14-17. * T. thy11Ulllus England stocking and transplanting T. arcticus T. montanus Montana age competition zoogeography distribution ecology egg incubation evolution fecundity food and feeding habits habitat historical illustra- 873. Platts, W. C. 1936. Grayling IL Life history and tions impact assessment management stocking and habitat. Salmon and Trout Magazine 82:35-43. * transplanting trophy grayling T. thy11Ulllus England habitat life history 70 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

874. Platts, W. C. 1937. Grayling III. Fly fishing. Salmon Biologique de Perm 10(9-10):393-402. In Russian with and Trout Magazine 83:154-168.* English summary.* T. thymallus England fishing, sport vision T. arcticus T. thymallus USSR distribution fecundity food and feeding habits habitat migration and movements 875. Platts, W. C. 1938. Grayling IV. Bait fishing. Salmon salinity tolerance sexual maturity and Trout Magazine 84:231-240.* T. thymallus England fishing, sport 887. Pronin, N. M. 1971. Distribution of Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851 (Hirundinea), a parasite of freshwater 876. Polasek, A. 1973. Nekolik Zku~enosti z chovu Lipana fishes, in waters of the USSR. Parazitologiya 5(1):92-97. Podhol'lho. (Some experiences from the culture of the gray- In Russian with English summary.* ling.) Rybftl'stvi 2:27-28. In Czech.* T. arcticus T. arcticus pallasi T. thymallus USSR T. thymallus Czechoslovakia culture parasites 877. Post, G. 1971. The Diphyllobothrium cestode in 888. Pronin, N. M. 1972. New species of Microsporidia-a Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming. Wyoming Agricultural Ex- parasite of the graylings of the Khubsugul Lakes. Prirod- periment Station Research Journal 41:3-24. * nyye usloviya i resursy Prikhubsugul'ya v MNR No. T. arcticus Wyoming parasites 1: 148-151. In Russian. T. nigrescens Mongolia 878. Postnikov, V. M. 1969. Hydrological conditions and the productivity of the Ilirnei Lakes. Referativnyi Zhurnal 889. Pronin, N. M. 1979. The finding of subarctic leeches Biologiya 12: ll5-122. Acanthobdella peledina and Cystobranchus mammillatus in USSR ecology Lake Baikal basin, USSR and the reasons for their absence from Baikal itself. Parazitologiya 13(5):555-558. In Russian 879. Pravdin, I. F. 1966. Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu ryb. with English summary.* (A manual for the study of fishes.) Pishchevaya Promyshlen- T. arcticus baicalensis USSR parasites nost' (Kiev). In Russian. USSR general works 890. Pronin, N. M. and P. Ya. Tugarina. 1971. Ecological geographic analysis of the parasites of palearctic grayling. 880. Preble, E. A. 1908. Fishes of the Athabaska-Mackenzie In Bolezni i parazity iyb Ledovitomorskoy provinstsii (v region. U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, North American predelakh SSSR). (Diseases and parasites of fish of Fauna 27:511-513.* Ledovitomorskoi Province.) Tyumen. In Russian. T. signifer Alberta Northwest Territories distribution USSR parasites fishing, subsistence historical 891. Pronin, N. M. and P. Ya. Tugarina. 1975. A mor- 881. Presnall, C. C. 1932. Grayling in Yosemite; planting phoparasitological analysis of the intraspecific structure of of Montana grayling in California waters. Nature 20:249. the grayling from Lake Kosogol. In Prirodnyye usloviya i T. montanus California stocking and transplanting resursy Prikhubsugul'ya (The natural conditons and resources of the Khubsugul region). Irkutsk, Ulan-Bator. In Russian. 882. Presnall, C. C. 1932. Montana grayling prove suc- T. nigrescens USSR parasites cessful in Yosemite. Yosemite Nature Notes 11(9):4. T. montanus California stocking and transplanting 892. Pronina, S. V. 1977. Changes in the argyrophilic 883. Prioux, G. and M. Bourgeois. 1958. Quel est ce stroma of the liver of some fishes at the infection with poisson? Poissons d'eau douce. (Which fish is this? pleurocercoids of Triaenophorus nodulosus and Freshwater fishes.) La Maison Rustique, Paris. 160 pp. In Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoidea, Pseudophyllidea). French. Parazitologiya 11(4):361-364. In Russian with English T. thymallus France general works summary.* T. arcticus USSR parasites 884. Prisson, L. V. 1898. The Montana grayling. Forest 893. Pronina, S. V. 1977. Cytochemical characteristics of and Stream 51(15):331. labrocyte-like cells in the capsule of cestode pleurocercoid T. montanus Montana historical Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1781) and 885. Pritt, T. E. 1888. The book of the grayling. Goodall Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii and Suddick, Leeds. 64 pp. * i Embriologii 73(7): l08-ll2. In Russian with English T. thymallus England anatomy and morphology fish- summary.* ing, sport habitat historical illustrations stocking and T. arcticus baicalensis USSR parasites transplanting trophy grayling 894. Pytlik, R. 1940. Letosii.i vyter lipana v zemske Iihni 886. Probatov, A. N. 1936. Charius reki kary. (Grayling v Su~ici. Rybai"sky Vestnik 20. In Czech. of the Kara River.) Bulletin de l'Institute des Recherches T. thymallus Czechoslovakia Worldwide Bibliography 71

Q 904. Rawson, D. S. 1947. North west Canadian fisheries 895. Quammen, D. 1982. Jeremy Bentham, the Pieta, and surveys in 1944 and 1945. Lake Athabaska. Canada Fisheries precious few grayling. Audubon 84(3):97-103. * Research Board Bulletin 72:69-86. T. signifer T. arcticus Montana anatomy and morphology distri- Northwest Territories distribution general works bution fishing, sport historical stocking and transplanting 905. Rawson, D. S. 1950. The grayling (Jhymallus signifer) 896. Quid, -. 1877. Grayling fishing on the Sable. Letters in northern Saskatchewan. Canadian Fish Culturist 6:3-10. * to the editor. Forest and Stream 9(5):88. T. signifer Saskatchewan distribution egg incubation T. tricolor Michigan historical egg size egg takes fecundity food and feeding habits hatcheries illustrations larvae length frequencies sex characters spawning stocking and transplanting R 906. Rawson, D. S. 1951. Studies of the fish of Great Slave 897. Radforth, I. 1940. The food of the grayling (Thymallus Lake. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada thymallus), flounder (Platichthys flesus), roach (Rutilus 8:207-240. rutilus) and gudgeon (Gobio fluviatilis), with special T. signifer Northwest Territories general works reference to the Tweed watershed. Journal of Animal Ecology 9:302-318. * 907. Rawson, D. S. 1959. Limnology and fisheries of Cree T. thymallus England Scotland food and feeding habits and Wollaston Lakes in northern Saskatchewan. Saskatch- 898. Rainey, F. G. and H. E. Larsen. 1948. Ipiutak and ewan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Branch the Arctic whale hunting culture. American Museum of Report No. 4. 73 pp. * T. signifer Natural History Anthropological Papers 42. 276 pp. Saskatchewan distribution food and feeding habits harvests T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence

899. Rasmuson, M. 1981. Some aspects of available 908. Rawson, D. S. and F. M. Atton. 1953. Biological in- resources of genetic variation. Pp. 53-60. InN. Ryman, ed. vestigation and fisheries management at Lac Ia Ronge, Fish gene pools; preservation of genetic resources in rela- Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Department of Natural tion to wild fish stocks. International symposium, Stockholm, Resources, Fisheries Branch Report No. 1. P. 37.* Jan. 23-25, 1980. Ecological Bulletins No. 34. Editorial Ser- T. signifer Saskatchewan distribution illustrations vice/FRN, Stockholm. In English. stocking and transplanting T. arcticus Sweden genetics 90(). Rasmussen, C. J. 1947. Unders0gelser over Stallingen 909. Rayner, J. and A. J. McClane. 1965. Arctic gray- (1hymallus thymallus L.) i Danmark. II. De danske stat- ling. Pp. 41-43. In A. J. McClane, ed. McClane's standard lingers zoogeografiske og indvandringshistoriske stilling. (In- fishing encyclopedia and international angling guide. Holt, & vestigations on the grayling [Jhymallus thymallus L.] in Den- Rinehart Winston, Inc., New York. mark. II. Zoogeographical status and immigration history T. arcticus North America general works of the Danish graylings.) Danmarks Sportsfiskerforbund. Pp. 21-32. In Danish. 910. Redeke, H. C. 1941. De Visschen van Nederland. T. thymallus Denmark zoogeography (Fishes of the Netherlands.) Leiden. In Dutch. T. thymallus Netherlands general works 901. Rawson, D. S. 194 7. Estimating the fish production of Great Slave Lake. Transactions of the American Fisheries 911. Redick, R. R. 1970. Inventory, cataloging and popula- Society 77:81-92.* tion sampling of the sport and sport fish waters of the Cook T. signifer Northwest Territories distribution harvests Inlet drainage. Alaska Department ofFish and Game, Federal 902. Rawson, D. S. 1947. The fishes of Saskatchewan. Pp. Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 15-19. In Report of the Royal Commission of Fisheries of 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, 11(11-A):195.* T. arcticus the Province of Saskatchewan, Regina. Alaska stocking and transplanting T. signifer Saskatchewan general works 912. Reed, R. J. 1960. Investigation of the Tanana River 903. Rawson, D. S. 1947. North west Canadian fisheries grayling fisheries. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, surveys in 1944 and 1945. Great Slave Lake. Canada Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, Fisheries Research Board Bulletin 72:45-68. 1959-1960. Project F-5-R-1, 1(3):95-101.* T. signifer Northwest Territories distribution general T. arcticus Alaska harvests migration and movements works morphometries stock identification tagging 72 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alll.rka No. 23

913. Reed, R. J, 1961 lnve:stigation of 1.he Tan n Rtver di Pis ic ltumll.tiopatologia 6 1):17-18. In Engli h with Ger- gru .Lmg fi h~;nc~ . rt:el n:.UY-Chatanika unJ Ita I m n urnma . wal.er. Alaska Deparunent of Fish and Game, Federal Aid T. rh mallus Europe di ea. e. in Fi. h Rc toration, Annual Report of Progress. L960-1 61. 922. R l henbt ·h-KJinke, 11.-11. 1974. The manifestation ProJe t F-5-R-2. 2(3-C);215-224.• ty of ulc ru.tiv dcnn I n " '>is Mlin h n B itr" zur T urcri 11.1 Ala ka ceru. • urve) m thod t: el en- Abwa ·ser-Fischerei und Flu sbiologie 25:47-54. sus harve ts T. rlrymallu Gennany di ·ea ·e poUution J, I. 914. Reed, R. 19 rnvestigation of the Tanana River 923. Richardson, J. 1836. Fauna Boreali-Amencana. Part grayling fi beries: Migration tudy. Alaska Department f 3. The ftsh. Clowes and S ns, London. 327 pp. Fish and Gum . Federal Aid in Fi."h Restoration. Annual T arcticus North Ameri a general woria, hi torical Report of Progre · 1960-196J. Proj ct F-5-R-2, 2(3-B)· L95-214. 924. Ridder, W. P. 1980. A :.tudy of a typical pring-fed T. arcttcus Alaska management migrallon and trcam f int·ri r Ala a. Ala ka Department of Fihl'l and rn vemem. exual maturity pawning taggmg young- G m Feder.tl Aid in FL h Restoration. Annual Perfonnance of-the-year R p rt. 1979- 1980. Proje 1 F-9-12, 21(G-Ill-G):42-93.* T. urcticu.~ Ala ·J..-a age creel censu culture egg 9JS. Reed, R. J, 1961. lnve.stigation of the Tanana River takes electrol>ho~.:king harve ts length frequencies grayling lhhene:.. Racial detenninall n tuJy. AJ.ts a markmg populatton dynamtcs population size scale Dcp rtment of Fish and Game, Fedend Atd in Fi h Rc.tora- analysts stockmg and transplanting tagging ti n, Annual Report f Progre ·, 196~ 1961. Project F-5-R-2, 2(3-A):l83-193.* 925. Ridd r, W. P. 1981. A study of a lypicaJ spring-fed ka nt T. arcrims Alaska anatomy and morphology stock tream of interior Alaska. Ala Departm of Fish and identification Game, Federal Aid in F1sh Restoration, Annual P rfom1ance Report, 1980-1981 Project F-9-13, 22(0-lll-G). 59 pp.• 916. Reed, R. J. 1964. Life history and migration patterns T arcticu:. Alaska age creel census electroshock- f Arctic grayling, 111ymallfl arcticu' (Pallas), in the Tanana ing harve ts JUVenile length frequencies migration and River drainage of Ala ka. Alaska Department of F1 h and movement population . ize cale analy. t tock iden- Game Resear h Report No 2. 30 pp."' tificatJ n ·tacking and tran:.planting tagging weir T. arcriclb Alaska age behavi r egg incubation egg 926. Ridder, W. P. 1982. A study of a typ1cal spnng-fed lZC food and feeding habit.s growth habitat life history . tream f interior Ala ka. Ala ka Department of Pi h and management migration and movements overwintenng Gam , Federal Aid in Fi h Restoration, Annual P~rfonnance parasites sex ratio sexual maturity spawning tagging Report, 1981-1982. Proje t F-9-l4, 23(G-ill-G). 61 pp.• young-of-the-year T arctict4S Ala ka age creel censu electrosbo k- 917. Reed, R . J. and J. A. McCann. 197 I. Total length- ing harve ts length frequencies migrauon and move- weight relation h!p. and conditi n factors for the Arctic ments populauon ize scale analysis ex ratio stock grayling, Tlzymallus arcJicus (Palla'), in Ala ka. Transac- identification ·tocking and tran ·planting lagging weirs tions of the American Fi herie Society 100(2).358-359. * 927. Ridder. W. P. 1983. A study of a rypicaJ pring-fed T. arcticus Ala ka length-weight relation hip tream of interior Alaska. Ala ·a Department of Fish and Annual 918. Reed R. J. and J. A. McCann. 1973. Analyses of Game, Federal Aid in Fish Re to ration. Performance Report, 1982-1983. Project F-9-15, 24(0-TII-G). 54 pp.* some meristic and morphometric data from the Arcti gray- T arctiws Alaska age ag dl.!tennmotJon creel cen- ling, Thym.allus arcricus in Ala ·ka. Copeia 4:819-822. sus electroshockmg harvests homing length frequen- T. arcricus Alaska anatomy and morphology morpho- cie migration and movements population size scale metncs analy is sex rauo ex. characters stock idemHication 919. Regan C. T. 1911. The fr b-water fi be of Europe. to king and tran planting lagging weirs & Cassell Co., London. 444 pp. 928. Ridder, W. P. 1984. The life ht ·tory and population thymnllt4S T England Europe general workS dynamics of exploited stocks of Arctic grayling associated 920. Reichenbach-Klinke, H.-H. 1971. Fisch und with the Delta and Richardson Clearwater Rivers. Ala ka Umweltvergiftung. (Fishe and environ ntal poi. ning.) Department of Fish · nd Game, Federal Aid m Fi h Re torn- Urn. chau 71 :564-565. ln German. Lion, Annual Pcrlormance Report. 1983-1984. Project T. thymallus Gennany contaminati n p Jluti n F-9-16 25(G-ill-G) 49 pp. T. urctic:tH Ala lw age ce05us- urvey methods 921. Reich nb c:h- Unke H.-H. 1971. On a n w di eru.e ondlli n fa tor creel en. u disea e I tros.hocking f th kin of salmonid in tral Europe. Riv1 ta ltalian· t:XpJoit tiun f fi hin_, p rt gr lh habitat b CSI.S » rliln1ilt> Bihltugruph • 73 homing juvenile length frequ ·ncic lifi hist ry man- 937. o u ki, E. 196 . lnve~ugau ns f the Tanana Ri er g m nt markin mi ratiun and mu eml!u mortality 'Wld ll1lglt: Lake fl!>herie : MJgrato and populittum tud population dynamtc population si:z samplfug tcchniqu Al ·k.a Department of Fi. h ani.l Gam . Fed ral id in Fi h scale analysis · x characters . ex ratio sexual maturi y R toration, Annual Report t Progre ·s. Pnlj~o:(;l F-5 R· stockmg and tran plantmg taggmg weight welTS 9( 16-8):305-. 06. T. arcticlL\ Ala ka creel cen u migrati n and 929. Rieber, R. W. 1983. Reproduction of Arctic grayling, m vern n Thymallus arcticw.·, in the Lobdell Lake system. California. California Fish and Game 69(3)·191-192.• 938. Roguski, E. A. 1970. Monitoring and evaluation of T arctic11S California culture hi toricaJ tocldng and Arcu wat rs Wllh empha 1 on the north lope drainages. transplanting AI ka Department f Fi. h anu Gam , Feder.il Aid in F' h 930. Ring, K. 1953. Lipien-mnlo znana i zaniknjaca ryba Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1969-1970. Proj- w6d karpack:ich. Chrofimy Przyrodf{ OjczystQ (Krak6w) ec F-9-2 ll(l5-C):299 • 9:26-37. In Polish. T. arcticus Ala ka age length frequencie T. thyma/Jus Poland 939. Rogusld, E. A. 1971. Monitoring and evaluati n of 931. Ritz, C. C. 1953. Pris ur le vif: ombre . truite , arctic water with mpha. 1 on the nonh slope drainage : saumon . Librairie de Champ -Eiysees, Paris. Pp. 19-59. Arctic Wildlife Range stuuy. Ala'ika Department of Fish and In French. Game, Federal Aid in Fl h Restorati n, nnual Report of T. rhymallus Austria France behavior fishing, spon Progress, 1970-1971. Proje t F-9-3, 12(G-ill-A):l6-18.• T. arctim Alaska age length frequencies e ratio 932. Ritz, C. C. 1956. Erlebtes Fliegenfiscben, Kuru.t und ex.ual maruricy Technik de Fliegenfischen auf Aschen, Forellen uod Lach e. Mit eioer Einfiihring von E. Hemingway, einem 940. Roguski E. and C. Spetz. 1968. Inventory and Vorwort von L. de Boisset. (Experiences in flyftshing. art 1 cataloging of the sport fi h and port fi h waters in the in- and technique applied to flyftshing for grayling, trout and terior of Ala ka. Alaska Department of Fi h and Game, salmon. An introduction by E. Hemingway, preface by L. Federal Aid in Fi h Restoration, Annu 1 Report of Progress, de Boisset.) MUller, Verlage, RUsch1ikon-Ziirich. 230 pp. 1967-1968. Project F-5-R-9. 9(15-A):282.* German translation of Ritz 1953.• T. arcticus Ala ka predator 'locking and tran • T. thymallus Bshing, Au tria France behavior sport planting 933. Ritz, C. C. 1959. A flyfisher's life. Henry Holt and 941. Rogusk.i, E. A. and S. L. Tack. 1970. Investigations Co., New York. Pp. 23-49, 182-183. English translation of of the Tanana River and Tangle Lakes grayling fi heries: Ritz 1953 by H. Hare.* Migratory and population study. Alaska Department of Fish T. rhymallus Austria France behavior fishing, sport and Game, Federal Aid in F1sh Re torauon, Annual Report 934. Rockwell, J., Jr. and R. L. John on. 1978. Li t of of Progress, 1969-1970. Project F-9-2, 11(16-8):303-319.* streams and other waterbodies along the trans-Alaska oil T. arcticus Alaska age growth creel census length pipeline route (Fourth revi ion, draft). Alaska Pipeline Of- frequencie migration and movem nts overwintering fice, U. S. Deparunent of the Interior, Anchorage. population ize oxygen requirem nts sexual maturity T. arcricus Alaska distribution pawning locking and transplanting 935. Roguski, E. A. 1967. Inventory and cataloging of the port fish and port fish water in the interior of Alaska. 942. Roguski E. A. and P. Winslow. 196 . Investigations Alaska Deparunent of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish of the Tanana River and Tangle Lakes grayling fisheries: Restoration, Annual Report of Progres , 1966-67. Project Migratory and population study. Alaska Department of Fish F-5-R-8, 8(15·A):231-246. * and Game, Federal Aid tn Ftsh Restoration, Annual Report of Progre s, 1968-1969. Project F-9-1, 10(16-B):333-351.* T. arcticus Alaska oxygen requirements stocking and T. arcticus transplanting Alaska age creel cen u electroshocking gear electivity growth length frequencie mark 936. Roguski, E . A. 1967. Inve ligations of the Tanana ing migration and movement& overwintering oxygen re- River and Tangle Lakes flsherics: Migrat ry and population quirement population ize tocking and transplanting study. Alaska Department of Fish and Gam • Federal Aid in Fi h Res rnu n, Annual Report of Progres , 1966-1967. 943. Rosen, • 1920. Om Norrbotteos altsjlSomrftde fi kar Project F-5-R-8, 8(16-B):247-255. • ocb fhke. {About ftsh and fi heri in the salt-sea area of T. arcticus Ala. ka age age determination growth Norrbotten, Sweden.) Meddelanden frAn Kunglega Land- length frequencie. migration and movements . cale bruk styrelsen 225:1-94. In Swedish. analy is pawning taggin T thvmallus Sweden general war 74 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

944. Rosseland, L. 1948. Virkningen pA fisket ved den even- 954. Ryzhova, L. N. and P. Ya. Tugarina. 1971. Some tuelle reguleringen av Klaravassdraget. (Possible effects on blood characteristics of the Baikal black grayling (Thymallus the fisheries by the planned regulation of the Klara River.) arcticus baicalensis [Dyb.]) with reference to the assessment Nov. 7, 1948. Oslo. 42 pp. In Norwegian. of conditions for its rearing. Voprosy Ikhtiologii T. thymallus Norway dams impact assessment 11(5):900-909. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology 11 (5):781-790. English translation.* 945. Rostlund, E. 1952. Freshwater fish and fishing in T. arcticus baicalensis USSR blood diseases food native North America. University of California Publications and feeding habits growth hatcheries larvae length fre- in Geography 9: 1-313. quencies sexual maturity weight North America fishing, sport general works 955. Ryzhova, L. N. and P. Ya. Tugarina. 1979. 946. Roth, H. and W. Nef. 1967. lntensiv Zucht von Gematologicheskaya norma Kosogol'skogo khariusa Besatzfischen im Rund troy. (Intensive study of hatchery fish Thymallus arcticus nigrescens Dorogostaisky. (The in round tanks.) Schweizerische Zeitschrift fiir Hydrologie hematologic norm of the Kosogol grayling, Thymallus arc 62(1) :251-268. In German with English summary.* ticus nigrescens Dorogostaisky.) Yo prosy Ikhtiologii T. thymallus Switzerland culture food and feeding 19(3):529-538. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology habits 19(3): 130-140. English translation.* 947. Rough, R. 1887. Among the grayling of the Hersey. T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus baicalensis infrasub- American Angler 12(23):358-360. species brevipinnis T. arcticus nigrescens Mongolia age North America historical blood ecology 948. Roule, L. 1925. Les poissons des eaux douces de Ia s France. (Freshwater fishes of France.) Paris. 228 pp. 956. Saario, D. J. and B. Kessel. 1966. Human ecological T. thymallus France general works investigations at Kivalina. Pp. 969-1039./n N.J. Wilimov- 949. Russell, C. P. 1925. Fish native to Yellowstone Park. sky and J. N. Wolfe, eds. Environment of the Cape Thomp- Yellowstone National Park Library, File No. 597.097. 14 son region, Alaska. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, pp. Unpublished. Springfield, VA. Idaho Montana Wyoming historical T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence 950. Russell, R. 1974. Rainbow trout life history studies 957. Sakowicz, S. and S. Zarnecki. 1954. Pool passes- in lower Talarik Creek-Kvichak drainage. Alaska Depart- biological aspects in their construction. Roczniki Nauk ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Rolniczych 69(D):5-171. Translated reprint from the Polish Annual Performance Report, 1973-74. Project F-9-6, 15(G- Agricultural Annual and published for the National Science II-E):42-43. * Foundation and Department of the Interior by Centralny In- stytut lnformajci Nankowo-Technicznej i Ekonomicznej, T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements weirs Warsaw, Poland, 1962. In English. young-of-the-year T. thymallus Poland swimming speed 951. Russell, R. 1975. Rainbow trout life history studies 958. Sandlund, 0. T., H. Hagen, L. Klyve and T. F. in lower Talarik Creek-Kvichak drainage. Alaska Depart- Naesje. 1980. Pmvegarnfiske i Mjesa, 1978-79. (Ex- ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, perimental gillnet fishing research in Lake Mjesa, I 978-79.) Annual Performance Report, 1974-1975. Project F-9-7, Direktoratet for vilt og ferskvannfisk. Mjesundersekelsen. 16(G-II-E):54-55. * Report No. 1. In Norwegian. T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements spawn- T. thymallus Norway general works sampling tech- ing weirs young-of-the-year niques . I 952. Ryhunen, R. 1958. Fiskodlingsanstalten i Schlirfling. 959. Sapozhnikov, V. V. 1911. Mongol'skii Altay v isokakh (The fish hatchery in Schlirfling.) Fiskeri Tidskrift fOr lrtysha i Kobdo. Puteshestviya 1905-1909. (The Mongolian Finland No. 3. In Swedish. Altay at the sources of the lrtysh and the Kobdo. Journeys T. thymallus Finland electroshocking food and feeding in the years 1905-1909.) Tomsk. In Russian. habits hatcheries mortality stocking and transplanting T. brevirostris Mongolian historical 953. Ryzhova, L. N. 1981. Gematologicheskie parametry 960. Sautner, J, S. and M. E. Stratton. 1984. Access and nekotorykh lososevidnykh ryb oz. Bajkal. (Hematological transmission corridor studies. Alaska Department ofFish and parameters of some Salmonidae from Lake Baikal.) Voprosy Game, Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, Anchorage. Report Ikhtiologii 21(2):356-365. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology No. 4, Part l. 21(2):152-163. English translation.* T. arcticus Alaska distribution habitat population T. arcticus baicalensis USSR blood size r Worldwide Bibliography 75 961. Savvaitova, K. A., V. A. Maksimov and V. D. 968. Schell, D.M. 1983. Carbon-13 and carbon-14 abun- Nesterov. 1980. The systematics and ecology of chars of dances in Alaskan aquatic organisms: Delayed production the genus Salvelinus (family Salmonidae) of the Taymyr from peat in arctic food webs. Science 219:1068-1071.* Peninsula, Russian-SFSR, USSR. Voprosy Ikhtiologii T. arcticus Alaska 14C food and feeding habits 20(2): 195-210. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology 969. Scheuring, L. 1929-1930. Die Wanderung der Fische. 20(2): 1-15. English translation. * (Migration of fish.) Ergebnisse der Biologie 5:647-648. In USSR predators German.* T. montanus T. ontariensis T. signifer T. tricolor T. 962. Schiiferna, K. 1934. Vyter lipana v zemnsk~ lihni pro vulgaris chov pstruhu v Su!Hci. (The artificial spawning uf the gray- Worldwide distribution general works ling in the trout hatchery at Susici.) Ryb

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977. Schmidtke, J. and I. Kandt. 1981. Single copy DNA 987. Seale, A. 1930. The Montana grayling in California. relationships between diploid and tetraploid teleostean fish California Fish and Game 16(1):51. species. Chromosomes (Berlin) 83(2):191-198. In English. T. montanus California stocking and transplanting T. thymallus Germany chromosomes genetics 988. Sedlar, J, 1965. Prispevok k ~tudiu veku a rastu pro- 978. Schmidtke J., E. Schmitt, E. Matzke and W. Engel. duk~ne dole!itych dryhov ryb povodia hornej Nitry (pstruh 1979. Non-repetitive DNA sequence divergence in the potocny, lipeii obycajny, jalec hlavatya podustva obycajna). phylogenetically diploid and tetraploid Teleostean species of Habilitacna praca na VSP. Nitra. In Slovak. the family Cyprinidae and the order Isospondyli. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia Chromosoma (Berlin) 75(2): 185-198. In English.* T. thymallus Germany chromosomes genetics 989. Sedlar, J. 1967. K otazke znizenia lovnej miery lipna obycajn~ho (Thymallus thymallus L.) v povodi Nitry. (On 979. Schmitz, W. and G. 0. Schuman. 1982. Die som- the question of decreasing the catch standard in Thymallus merlichen Wassertemperaturen der Aschenzone mit- thymallus L. in the Nitra River basin.) Pol'nohospodarstvo teleuropaischer Fliessgewasser. (Water temperatures of the 13:878-880. In Slovak. Thymallus zone of middle European rivers in summer.) Ar- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia harvests management chiv fiir Hydrobiologie 95(1-4):435-443. In German with English summary. 990. SedlAr, J, 1970. Veka rast lipiiaobytajneho Thymallus T. thymallus Austria Denmark Germany Italy tem- thymallus L. v povodi rieky Nitry. (Age and growth of the perature tolerances grayling Thymallus Thymallus L. in the drainage area of the 980. Schofield, J, W. 1928. The Montana grayling. Mon- River Nitra.) Biologia (Bratislava) 25(11):821-829. In tana Wildlife 1(2): 12. Slovak with English summary.* T. montanus Montana T. thymallus Czechoslovakia age growth illustrations length frequencies 981. Schultz, L. P. 1941. Fishes of Glacier National Park. U.S. National Park Service. Conservation Bulletin 22. 42 991. Sedliir, J,, -. Kyselovi~ and·· Frimmel. 1962. Lipeii pp.* obycajny v povodi rieky Nitry. Pol'ovnictvo a Rybarstvo T. montanus Montana distribution historical tax- 14(2): 15-16. In Slovak. onomy T. thymallus Czechoslovakia

982. Schumann, G. 0. 1958. Beitrage zur Okologie der 992. Seeley, H. G. (n.d.) The fresh-water fishes of Europe. Gattung Thymallus. (A contribution to the ecology of the A history of their genera; species; structure, habits and genus Thymallus.) Ph.D. Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts- distribution. Cassell & Company, Ltd. Pp. 353-359. Universitat Kiel, Germany. 78 p. In German.* T. microlepis T. vulgaris Europe general works T. arcticus signifer T. thymallus Alaska Europe North America competition distribution ecology food 993. Seez, R. 1939. Uber das Alter und Wachstum der and feeding habits growth habitat reviews Asche. (About age and growth of grayling.) Allgemeine Fischwirtschaftszeitung 64(2,3):26-29, 39-42. In German. 983. Scott, A. 1985. Distribution, growth, and feeding of T. thymallus Germany age growth postmergent grayling, Thymallus thymallus, in an English river. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 994. Selkregg, L. 1977. Alaska regional profiles: Yukon 114(4):525-531. * region. University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental Infor- T. thymallus England behavior food and feeding mation and Data Center. Vol. VI. Pp. 224-225. habits growth habitat larvae swimming ability T. arcticus Yukon Territory distribution 984. Scott, W. B. 1958. A checklist of the freshwater fishes 995. Severin, S. 0. 1979. Khromosomnyj nabor ovropej- of Canada and Alaska. Royal Ontario Museum, Division of skogo khariusa Thymallus thymallus (L.). (The karyotype Zoology and Paleontology. 14 pp. of the European grayling, Thymallus thymallus [L.].) T. arcticus Alaska Canada general works Voprosy Ikhtiologii 19(2):44-49. English translation.* 985. Scott, W. B. 1967. Freshwater fishes of eastern T. thymallus USSR chromosomes genetics Canada. University of Toronto Press. P. 32. 996. Severin, S. 0. 1981. Chromosomal polymorphism in T. arcticus Canada general works western Siberian grayling. Pp. 165-166./n Genetics, selec- 986. Scott, W. B. and E. J, Crossman. 1973. Freshwater tion and hybridization of fish. Proceedings, Second All- fishes of Canada. Canada Fisheries Research Board Bulletin Union Conference Rostov-on-Don. 16-20 March, 1981. In 184:300-305. * Russian. T. arcticus Canada general works T. arcticus USSR chromosomes genetics ~ I I Worldwide Bibliography 77 I I 997. Severin, S. 0. and Ye. A. Zinov'yev. 1979. 1005. Shields, G. 0. 1892. American game fishes: Their Karyologic peculiarities of grayling at the junction of the habits, habitat and peculiarities. Rand McNally and Co., New Urals. Pp. 80-82. In Structure and function of aquatic York. 580 pp. ecosystems, their rational uses and protection in the Urals. US general works Sverdlovsk. In Russian. 1006. Shmakov, D. N. and M. P. Roshchevskii. 1982. T. arcticus USSR chromosomes genetics Chronotopography of excitation of the ventricle in teleosts. 998. Severin, S. 0. and Ye. A. Zinov'yev. 1983. Kariotipy Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology izolirovannykh populyatsij 1hy11U1llus arcticus (Pallas) 18(1) :45-49. English translation. bessenjna reki Obi. (Karyotypes of isolated populations of T. thyrtUlllus USSR heart contractions 1hy11U1llus arcticus [Pallas] from the Ob River basin.) 1007. Shmerling, M. D. 1976. Some features of the Voprosy Ikhtiologii 22(1):27-35. In Russian. Journal of ultrastructure of the skeletal muscles of the Baikal gray ling. Ichthyology 22(1): 13-22. English translation.* Bionika 10:88-96. In Russian.* T. arcticus USSR age anatomy and morphology T. arcticus baicalensis USSR muscle chromosomes evolution fecundity genetics sexual maturity stock identification 1008. Shotton~ R. T. 1971. Fish survey base data report. Appendix II. In Towards an environmental impact assess- 999. Sexsmith, J. 1963. Inventory and cataloging of the sport ment of a gas pipeline from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska to Alber- fish and sport fish waters of southwest Alaska. Alaska ta. Report for the Environmental Protection Board by Inter- Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Disciplinary Systems, Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba. Interim tion, Annual Report of Progress, 1962-1963. Project Report No. l. 251 pp. F-5-R-4, 4(5-A). P. 112. * T. arcticus Alaska Northwest Territories Yukon Ter- T. arcticus Alaska stocking and transplanting ritory distribution spawning 1000. Shapavalov, L., W. A. Dill and A. J, Cordone. 1009. Shubin, P. N. 1979. Ehlektroforeticheskie 1959. A revised checklist of the freshwater and anadromous issledovaniya gemoglobina i belkov syvorotki krovi evropej- fishes of California. California Department ofFish and Game skogo khariusa 1hy11U1llus thyrtUlllus (L.). (Electrophoretic 45(3):159-180. studies of hemoglobin and proteins in the blood serum of T. arcticus California general works stocking and the European grayling 1hy11U1llus thyrtUlllus [L.].) Voprosy transplanting Ikhtiologii 19(2):371-373. In Russian. Journal oflchthyology 1001. Sharavina, G. I. 1972. Hematopoiesis in several fish 19(2):161-164. English translation.* species in Lake Baikal, USSR. Nauchnye Trudy Irkutskii T. thyrtUlllus USSR electrophoresis genetics Gosudarstvennyi Meditsinskii Institut 114: ll8-126. In 1010. Shubin, P. and A. Zakharov. 1984. Hybridization Russian.* between European grayling, 1hy11U1llus thyrtUlllus, and Arc- USSR blood tic grayling, 1hy11U1llus arcticus, in the contact zone of the 1002. Sharavina, G. I. 1978. Seasonal and greeding varia- species. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 3:502-504. In Russian. Jour- tion in the process of haemopoiesis in some fish from the nal of Ichthyology 4:159-163. English translation.* Baikal. Pp. 296-297. In A. I. Cherepanov, S. S. Folitarek, T. arcticus T. thy11U1llus USSR electrophoresis A. A. Maksimov, N. A. Violovich, N. G. Kolomiets, morphometries G. M. Krivoshchekov, K. T. Yurlov, B. S. Yudin and 1011. Siddiqui, M. S. 1969. Studies on the brown trout V. D. Patrasheva, eds. 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1014. Siedelman, D. L. and P. B. Cunningham. 1972. In Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 75 pp. * ventory and cataloging of the sport fish and sport fish waters T. arcticus Alaska blood food and feeding habits of the Bristol Bay area. Alaska Department of Fish and placer mining young-of-the-year Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of 1024. Simon, J. R. 1939. Yellowstone fishes. Yellowstone Progress, 1971-1972. Project F-9-4, 13(G-I-E):67-83.* Park: The Yellowstone Library and ~useum Association, T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies population Interpretive Series, No. 3. 39 pp. dynamics population size trophy grayling weight Idaho ~ontana Wyoming general works 1015. Siedelman, D. L. and P. B. Cunningham. 1972. Studies of trophy game fishes in Kvichak and Alagnak 1025. Simon, J. R. 1946. Wyoming fishes. Wyoming Game (branch) drainage of Bristol Bay. Alaska Department of Fish and Fish Department, Cheyenne. Bulletin No. 4. 122 pp. and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report Wyoming general works ofProgress, 1971-1972. ProjectF-9-4, 13(G-II-E):48-49.* 1026. Simpson, J. C. and R. Wallace. 1978. Fishes of T. arcticus Alaska length frequencies migration and Idaho. University Press of Idaho, ~oscow. 237 pp. movements sexual maturity tagging weirs Idaho general works 1016. Siedelman, D. L. and P. B. Cunningham. 1973. In 1027. Singh, C. P. 1963. Studies on the biology of the gray- ventory and cataloging of the sport fish and sport fish waters ling Thymallus thymallus L., together with an investiga- of the Bristol Bay area. Alaska Department of Fish and tion of the minute anatomy of its alimentary canal. Agra Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of University Journal of Research Science 12:31-33. * Progress, 1972-1973. Project F-9-5, 14(G-I-E):43-51. * T. thymallus England anatomy and morphology diges- T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies migration tion and movements tagging weight 1028. Skacel, L. 1966. Na!:e us~chy v chov~ lipaiia. (Our 1017. Siedelman, D. L., P. B. Cunningham and R. B. successes in culture of the grayling.) Pol'ovnictvo a Russell. 1973. Life history studies of rainbow trout in the RyMrstvo 18(11):26. In Czech. Kvichak drainage of Bristol Bay. Alaska Department of Fish T. thymallus Czechoslovakia culture and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1972-1973. Project F-9-5, 14(G-II-E):22-24. * 1029. Skrjabina, E. S. 1978. ~orphological variability of T. arcticus Alaska length frequencies weirs thorny-headed worms of the genus Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from fishes of 1018. Sigler, W. F. 1958. The grayling. Utah Fish and waterbodies of the glacial province in USSR. Parazitologiya Game ~agazine 14(2-3):16-17.* (Leningrad) 12(6):512-522. In Russian with English T. arcticus Utah historical life history summary.* 1019. Sigler, W. F. andR. R. Miller. 1963. FishesofUtah. T. arcticus T. thymallus USSR parasites Utah Department of Fish and Game Publication. Pp. 60-65, 1030. Skurikhina, L. A. and B. M. Mednikov. 1983. 162-163.* Genome lability in the genus Thymallus. Biologicheskii Nauki T. arcticus Utah general works illustrations (~oscow) 12:23-26. In Russian. 1020. Sikstrom, C. B. 1983. Otolith, pectoral fin ray and USSR chromosomes genetics scale age determinations for Arctic grayling (Thymallus arc 1031. Skurikhina, L. A., B. M. Mednikov and P. Ya. ficus). Progressive Fish-Culturist 45( 4 ):220-223. * Tugarina. 1985. Genetic divergence of Eurasian graylings T. arcticus Yukon Territory age age determination (Thymallus) and the species network. Zoologicheskii Zhur- otoliths scale analysis nal 64(2):245-251. In Russian. T. arcticus T. brevirostris T. nigresens T. thymallus 1021. Sikstrom, C. B., L. F. Kratt and C. I. Goddard. 1979. A summary of fisheries investigations in water bodies USSR genetic!> taxonomy within the influence of the Alaska highway gas pipeline in 1032. Skvorc, P. A. and W. J. O'Brien. 1981. Toxic ef- Yukon Territory, 1978. Prepared for Foothills Pipe Lines fects of Prudhoe Bay crude oil to Arctic freshwater (South) Yukon Ltd. Unpublished. zooplankton and Arctic grayling. University of Kansas, T. arcticus Yukon Territory growth length frequen- Lawrence. Unpublished. 13 pp. * cies T. arcticus Alaska impact assessment pollution 1022. Simek, Z. 1946. Chytanl pstruhi\, lipanii a hlavatek. 1033. Slaney, F. F. and Company Ltd. 1974. Fish Study Praha. In Czech. 1972-73. ~ackenzie Highway ~ile 300 to 550. Part I and T. thymallus Czechoslovakia II. Base Data Vol. 3. A report for the Department of Public 1023. Simmons, R. C. 1984. Effects of placer mining Works, Edmonton, Alberta. 386 pp. sedimentation on Arctic grayling of interior Alaska. ~.S. T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution 1 , I

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1034. Slasteneko, E. P. 1958. The freshwater fishes of 1043. Soin, S. G. 1978. Morphological characters of young Canada. Kiev Printers, Toronto, Ontario. Pp. 124-127. fish from the Amur Basin. Sbomik Trudov Zoologicheskogo T. arcticus Canada general works Muzeya (Mokovskii Universitet) 16:192-244. In Russian.* T. arcticus grubei USSR general works illustrations 1035. Sloreid, S. E. (n.d.) Alder, vekst og gytehyppighet Thymallus thymallus (L.) hos harr, i S0lensjmn bestemt ved 1044. Soin, S. G. 1980. Types of development of skjell og otolitter. (Age, growth and spawning frequency of salmoniform fish and their taxonomic importance. Voprosy Thymallus thymallus [L.] grayling, in Lake S0lensjoon deter- Ikhtiologii 20(1):65-72. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology mined by scales and otoliths.) (Unfinished) Thesis, Univer- 20(1 ):49-56. English translation.* sity of Oslo, Norway. In Norwegian. T. arcticus baicalensis USSR egg size embryonic T. thymallus Norway age growth otoliths scale period larvae analysis spawning 1045. Soin, S. G. 1981. A new classification of the struc- 1036. Slusarski, W. 1972. A record of a fish trematode ture of mature eggs of fishes according to the ratio of yolk Nicolla wisniewskii (Slusarski, 1958) in Yugoslavia, and toooplasm. Ontogenez 12(1):21-26.InRussian. SovietJour- remarks on the status of Nicolla praovita (Wisniewski, 1933) nal of Developniental Biology 12( 1): 13-17. English transla- (Trematoda, Coitocaecidae). Acta Parasitologic a Polonica tion.* 20(25):259-270. In English with Polish summary.* T. thymallus USSR embryonic period T. thymallus Yugoslavia parasites 1046. Solewski, W. 1960. Die Asche (Thymallus thymallus 1037. Smith, H. H. and W. C. Kendall. 1921. Fishes of L.) des Flussgebietes der Sola. (The grayling [Thymallus Yellowstone National Park with description of the park thymallus L.] of the Sola River.) Acta Hydrobiologica waters and notes on fishing. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Docu- 2(3-4):201-220. In German with Polish summary.* ment 904, Appendix 3 to Report of the U.S. Commissioner T. thymallus Poland anatomy and morphology growth of Fisheries. 30 pp. habitat length-weight relationship morphometries Idaho Montana Wyoming fishing, sport general works 1047. Solewski, W. 1963. Lipien (Thymallus thymallus L.) 1038. Smitt, F. A. 1886. Kritisk fortekning ofver de i potoku Rogoznik. (The grayling [Thymallus thymallus L.] Riksmuseum befmtliga salmonider. (Record of the different of the Rogoznik Stream.) Acta Hydrobiologica salmonids in the State Museum.) Kungelega Svenska 5(2-3):229-243. In Polish with English summary.* Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 21(8):1-290. In T. thymallus Poland age anatomy and morphology S>yedish. distribution electroshocking food and feeding habits T. thymallus Sweden anatomy and morphology his- length-weight relationship morphometries population size torical 1048. Solovkina, L. N. and V. N. Shubina. 1970. Feeding 1039. Smitt, F. A. 1895. Skandinaviens fiskar. (Fishes of stations and the diet of juveniles of the Atlantic salmon and Scandinavia.) P. A. Morstedt & Soners, Forlag, Stockholm. the grayling in the lower reaches of the Shchugor River. In Swedish. Izvestiya Komi Filiala Vsesoyaznogo Geograficheskogo Ob- T. thymallus Sweden general works shchestva SSSR 2(3):82-87. In Russian. USSR food and feeding habits juvenile 1040. Snoj, N., I. Brglez and B. Kozelj. 1972. Furunkuloza enoletnih lipanov. lchthy logica 4( 1) :77-82. In Serbo-Croatian 1049. Sommani, E. 1953. Esperimenti di allevamento ar- with German summary. tificiale del temolo (Thymallus thymallus L.). Bolletino di T. thymallus diseases Pesca Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia 8:47-57. In Italian with English summary.* 1041. Snoj, N., J. Ocvirk and I. Brglez. 1981. Furun- T. thymallus Italy culture food and feeding habits culosis in Slovenia. Veterinarski Glasnik 36( 10): 1019-1024 illustrations juvenile larvae In Serbo-Croatian with English and Russian summaries. T. thymallus Yugoslavia diseases 1050. Semme, .T. D. 1948. 0rretboka. (The trout book.) J. Dybvad Publisher. Third edition. 607 pp. In Norwegian. 1042. Soin, S. G. 1963. 0 Razmnozhenii i razvitii chernogo T. thymallus Norway general works Baikalskogo kariusa (Thymallus arcticus baicalensis Dybowski). (On the reproduction and development of Baikal 1051. Semme, S. 1935. Vekst og naering hos harr og 0rret grayling [Thymallus arcticus baicalensis Dybowski].) (Thymallus thymallus L. og Salmo trutta L.). En sam- Zoologicheskii Zhuma142(12):1817-1840. In Russian with menlignende studie. (Growth and feeding habits of grayling English summary.* and trout [Thymallus thymallus L. and Salmo trutta L.]. A T. arcticus baicalensis USSR anatomy and morphology comparison.) Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene egg incubation egg takes embryonic period illustrations 75:185-218. In Norwegian. larvae spawning T. thymallus Norway food and feeding habits growth 80 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1052. S.nnme, S. 1949. Harren. (The grayling.) Pp. 77-78. 1062. Stein, H. 1978. Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von In B. Feyn, ed. Norges dyreliv III. J. W. Cappelen Publisher, BefruchtungslOsungen bei der kiinstlichen Besamung von Oslo. In Norwegian Salmoniden. (Studies on the introduction of breeding solu- T. thymallus Norway general works tions in the artificial fertilization of salmonids.) Oster- reichische Fischerei-Zeitung 31(7): 119-121. In German.* 1053. Spasskii, A. A. and V. A. Roitman. 1959. 0 faune T. thymallus Germany egg takes hatcheries nematod k.hariusa. (The nematode fauna of grayling.) Voprosy Ikhtio1ogii 12:177-186. In Russian. Referativnyi 1063. Stein, H. 1981. Light and electron optical studies of Zhurnal, Biologiya 1960 No. 71647. English translation.* the spermatozoa of various teleost fish (Teleostei). Zeitschrift T. arcticus T. thymallus USSR parasites ftir Angewandte Zoologie 68(2):183-198. In German. T. thymallus Germany parasites 1054. Spillman, C. J, 1961. Poissons d'eau douce. (Freshwater fishes in France.) Faune de France, 65. 1064. Stein, H. and H. Bayrle. 1978. Cryopreservation of Lechevalier, Paris. 303 pp. In French. the sperm of some freshwater teleosts. Annales de Biologie T. thymallus France general works Animale Biochemie Biophysique 18(4): 1073-1076. In . English with French summary.* 1055. Staff, F. 1950. Ryby Slodkowodne. Polski i kraj6w T. thymallus Germany culture cryopreservation of osciennych, Warszawa, Trzaska. Evert i Michalski. 286 pp. sperm In Polish. T. thymallus Poland general works 1065. Stein, H. and H. Enzler. 1983. Beutelselektion und Futterverwertung beim Hecht. (Prey selection and food con- 1056. Stanescu, G. 1980. lchthyofauna of the Tirgului River version of pike.) Fischwirtschaft 33(9):61-62. In German. basin, Romania. Travaux du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle T. thymallus Germany predators "Grigore Antipa" 21:213-226. In French. T. thymallus Romania distribution 1066. Stein, J, N., C. S. Jessop, T. R. Porter and K. T. J. Chang-Kue. 1973. Fish resources of the Mackenzie River 1057. Starmach, K. 1956. Rybacka i biologiczna valley. Interim Report ll. Canada Department of the Environ- charakterystyka rzek. (Characteristics of rivers from ment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Winnipeg, Manitoba. biological and fishery point of view.) Polskie Archiwum 260 pp. Hydrobiologii 3:307-322. In Polish. T. arcticus Northwest Territories distribution T. thymallus Poland distribution 1067. Steinmann, P. 1907. Die Tierwelt der Gebirgsbiiche, 1058. Stefanich, F. 1962. Creel census of the sport fishes eine faunistisch-biologische Studie. (The animal world of in the Bristol Bay drainage. Alaska Department of Fish and mountain streams, a faunistic-biological study.) Annales de Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Biologie Lacustre 2:30-164. In German. Progress, 1961-1962. Project F-S-R-3, 3(10-D-2):207-214. * T. thymallus Germany general works T. arcticus Alaska creel census harvests length frequencies 1068. Steinmann, P. 1948. Schweizerische Fischkunde. 1059. Stefansson, V. 1944. Fishes. Pp. 118-124./n Arctic (Fishes of Switzerland.) H. R. Sauerliinder & Co., Aarau, Manual. Prepared under the direction of the Chief of the Air Switzerland. 222 pp. In German. Corps U.S. Army, with a special introduction and index. T. thymallus Switzerland general works Macmillan Co., New York. T. signifer Alaska Canada distribution 1069. Stepanek, 0. 1960. Uz biologiju i fiziologiju lipljena. (Biology and physiology of grayling.) Ribarski List, Sara- 1060. Steigenberger, L. W ., G. J. Birch, P. G. Bruce and jevo 5. In Serbo-Croation. R. A. Robertson. 1974. Northern Yukon Freshwater T. thymallus Yugoslavia Fisheries Studies, 1973. Canada Department of the Environ- ment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 1070. Stirling, J. 1979. The Sukunka story, an intimate look 51 pp. at the Arctic grayling. Wildlife Review 9(1):9-ll. T. arcticus Yukon Territory distribution T. arcticus British Columbia 1061. Stein, G. A. 1979. Variability of the ciliates of the 1071. Stolbov, A. Ya. 1975. The effect of measured family Urceolariidae (Peritricha, Mobilina) in Lake Baikal, muscular loads on the metabolic rate of the Baikal gray ling, USSR. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Pro- 1hymallus arctic us baicalensis. Voprosy Ikhtiologii tozoologists, Stillwater, OK, USA. Aug. 12-17, 1979. Jour- 15(2):332-337. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology nal of Protozoology 26(3):36A-37A. In English. 15(2) :298-303. English translation.* T. arcticus USSR parasites T. arcticus baicalensis USSR muscle respiration Worldwide Bibliography 81

1072. Stolbov, A. Ya. and Yu. S. Alikin. 1977. 1080. Sundet, R. L. and M. N. Wenger. 1984. Resident Temperature dependence of active metabolism and swimming fish distribution and population dynamics in the Susitna River speed of the Baikal grayling, Thymo.llus arcticus baicalensis. below Devil Canyon. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Journal oflchthyology 17 ( 1): 178-179. English translation.* Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, Anchorage. Report No. 2, T. arcticus baicalensis USSR metabolism respiration Part 5. swimming ability T. arcticus Alaska distribution juvenile overwintering spawning 1073. Stovarsky, K. 1975. The migration of grayling, a 1081. Sutton, R. W. 1966. Some notes of the Wolverine bibliography. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 5 pp. River area, Manitoba. Manitoba Museum of Man and Unpublished.* Nature, Winnipeg. Worldwide bibliographies T. arcticus Manitoba general works 1074. Stranai, I. 1965. Prispevok k studiu veku a rastu lip- 1082. Suvorova, Ye. G. and L. I. Teshchuk. 1973. Mor- na oby~ajneho (Thymo.llus thymo.llus L.) v povodi rieky phology and histochemistry of the gastrointestinal tract of Turiec. Diplomova Praca na VSP v Nitra. In Slovak. the Baikal white grayling (Thymo.llus arcticus baicalensis T. thymo.llus Czechoslovakia [Dyb.)). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 13(3):523-534. In Russian. Journal of Ichthyology 13(3):438-448. English translation.* 1075. Stuart, K. M. and G. R. Chislett. 1979. Aspects T. arcticus baicalensis USSR digestion gastrointesti- of the life history of the Arctic grayling in the Sukunka nal tract drainage. Prepared by British Columbia Fish and Wildlife 1083. Svardson, G. 1945. Chromosome studies of Branch, Prince George. 111 pp. * Salmonidae. Institute of Freshwater Research, Drott- T. arcticus British Columbia age age determination ningholm. Report 23. 151 pp. competition condition factor digestion distribution egg T. thymo.llus Sweden chromosomes genetics incubation food and feeding habits growth habitat illustrations juvenile larvae length frequencies length- 1084. Svardson, G. 1962. Harren. (The grayling.) Fiske weight relationship life history marking migration and 1962:3-12. In Swedish. movements otoliths overwintering sampling techniques T. thymo.llus Sweden general works scale analysis sexual maturity spawning tagging weight 1085. Sviirdson, G. and N. ·A. Nilsson. 1964. Fisker- weirs young-of-the-year biologi. (Fisheries biology.) LTS Publisher, Stockholm. 253 pp. In Swedish. Myxidium profundum 1076. Subchenko, A. V. 1981. nom. T. thymo.llus Sweden general works nov. (Myxosporidia, Myxidiidae), a new name for Myxidium noblei. Parazitologiya (Leningrad) 15(4):368. In Russian. 1086. Svetina, M. 1952. Najnovija iskustva na podru~ju T. arcticus grubei USSR parasites vestackog uzgoja lipljana. Ribarstvo Jugoslavije 4-5. In Serbo-Croatian. 1077. Sulc, K. 1932. Uvefejnen~ pisemn~ sdeleni redakce T. thymo.llus Yugoslavia k ~Umku V. Dyka: Rozsifeni lipana (Thymo.llus thymo.llus) 1087. Svetina, M. 1957. L'ombre et sa reproduction ar- v recbach. (Public written communication from the editorial tificielle. (R~sultats pratiques obtenus en Jougoslavie). staff as a response to V. Dyk's article: Distribution of gray- (Grayling and its artificial reproduction. [Practical results Ryb~fstvl ling in Bohemia.) Ceskoslovensk! 1932(12). In obtained in Yugoslavia.)) ~bats et Documentes Techniques. Czech. Conseil General des P~ches pour Ia Mediterranee. N4. In T. thymo.llus Czechoslovakia distribution French. T. thymo.llus Yugoslavia culture 1078. Sunde, L. A. 1963. Summary of Manitoba Master Angler Awards and related information 1960-1963. Manitoba 1088. Svetovidov, A. N. 1931. Beitrage zur Systematik und Department of Mines, Resources and Environmental zur Biologie der Aschen des Baikalsees. (Contribution on Management Research Branch. Manuscript Report. systematics and biology of the grayling in Lake Baikal.) T. arcticus Manitoba trophy grayling Travaux de Ia Station Limnologique Lac Bajkal, Leningrad 1:1-199. In German. T. arcticus baicalensis USSR taxonomy 1079. Sundet, R. L. and S.D. Pechek. 1985. Resident fish distribution and life history in the Susitna River below Devil 1089. Svetovidov, A. N. 1934. On the growth of the Baikal Canyon. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Susitna whitefishes and graylings. Comptes Rendus de I' Academie Hydro Aquatic Studies, Anchorage. Report No.7, Part 3. de Sciences de l'URSS 3:663-665. In English.* T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements over- T. arcticus T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus baicalen wintering spawning sis brevipinnis T. arcticus pallasi USSR growth 82 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1090. Svetovidov, A. N. 1936. Graylings, genus 1hymallus lation size scale analysis sex ratio sexual maturity Cuvier, of Europe and Asia. Travaux de 1'lnstitut Zoolo- stocking and transplanting tagging young-of-the-year gique de 1' Academie des Sciences de l'URSS 3:183-301. In 1098. Tack, S. L. 1971. New knowledge of the Arctic gray- Russian with English summary. ling 1hymallus arcticus in Alaska. Science in Alaska, Pro- T. arcticus T. arcticus baicalensis T. arcticus grubei ceedings of the Alaska Science Conference 22:106. T. arcticus pallasi T. brevirostris T. nigrescens T. thy T. arcticus Alaska behavior population dynamics mallus Asia Europe anatomy and morphology food spawning taxonomy and feeding habits general works growth illustrations morphometries sexual maturity taxonomy 1099. Tack, S. L. 1972. Distribution, abundance, and natural history of the Arctic grayling in the Tanana River 1091. Svetovidov, A. N. 1949. 1hymallus thymallus (Linne). drainage. 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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cies marking migration and movements overwintering and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- reviews sampling techniques scale analysis sex charac- tion, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-6, Work Plan ters sex ratio sexual maturity spawning tagging terri- C, Job No. 3, 6(4). 5 pp. * toriality weight weirs T. arcticus Alaska age length frequencies migration 1210. Warner, G. W. 1955. Dynamics of fish populations and movements tagging in waters of interior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1218. Warner, G. W. 1958. Environmental studies of gray- and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- ling in Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska tion, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-4, Work Plan Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, C, Job No. 3, 4(3,4). 7 pp. * Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-7, Work Plan C, T. arcticus Alaska age creel census harvests Job 3b, 7(3). 14 pp.* 1211. Warner, G. W. 1955. Spawning habits of grayling T. arcticus Alaska age food and feeding habits in interior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska homing length frequencies migration and movements Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, predators tagging Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-l-R-5, Work PlanE, Job No. l, 5(2). 10 pp.* 1219. Warner, G. W. 1958. Grayling creel census- T. arcticus Alaska age fecundity length frequencies Fairbanks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska migration and movements spawning tagging weirs Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-7, Work Plan A, 1212. Warner, G. W. 1955. Survey of Tangle Lakes. U.S. Job No. 3, 7(2). 7 pp. * Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, T. arcticus Alaska harvests management Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-5, Work Plan C, Job No. 4, 5(1). 7 pp. * 1220. Warner, G. W. 1959. Environmental studies of gray- T. arcticus Alaska harvests length frequencies mi- ling in Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska gration and movements tagging weirs Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-8, Work Plan C, 1213. Warner, G. W. 1956. Catch distribution, composi- Job 3c, 8(2). 14 pp. * tion and size structure of sport fish in the Fairbanks area. T. arcticus Alaska age management migration and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commis- movements tagging sion, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-5, Work Plan A, Job. No.3. 6 pp.* 1221. Warner, G. W. 1959. Sport fish creel census- T. arcticus Alaska age harvests management Fairbanks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska 1214. Warner, G. W. 1956. Environmental studies ofthe Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, grayling of Alaska as related to their spawning habits, age, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-8, Work Plan A, growth, fecundity, migration and movements. U.S. Fish and Job No. 3c, 8(3). 7 pp.* Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid T. arcticus Alaska harvests management 90 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1222. Watling, H. 1962. A combined study of the growth T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements over- of the grayling ( ThyliUlllus arcticus) and the development of wintering its olfactory apparatus. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 177 pp.* 1232. West, R. L. 1982. Kantishna Hills heavy metals in- T. arcticus Montana embryonic period growth juve- vestigations, Denali National Park. U.S. National Park Ser- nile olfaction weight young-of-the-year vice. Contract No. 14-16-0007-82-5524. 36 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska contamination placer mining 1223. Watling, H. and C. J, D. Brown. 1955. The embryological development of the American grayling 1233. Wheeler, A. 1969. The fishes of the British Isles and (ThyliUlllus signifer tricolor) from fertilization to hatching. northwest Europe. Macmillan Co., London. 613 pp. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society T. thyliUlllus British Isles general works 74(1):85-93. * 1234. Whitaker, H. 1886. The Michigan grayling. Trans- T. signifer tricolor Montana egg incubation egg size actions of the American Fisheries Society 15:59-67. embryonic period hatcheries illustrations larvae T. tricolor Michigan historical 1224. Watling, H. and H. H. Hillemann. 1964. The development of the olfactory apparatus of the grayling 1235. Wiesner, E. (n.d.) Studien tiber die Aufzacht von (ThJl1Ulllus arcticus). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Aschenzetzlingen. (Studies on the rearing of grayling lar- of Canada 21(2):373-396. * vae.) Der Deutsche Fischer. In German.* T. arcticus Montana nervous system olfaction T. thyliUlllus Germany culture hatcheries 1225. Watt, R. D. 1966. The recreational potential of the 1236. Wiley, M. L. and B. B. Collette. 1970. Breeding Arctic Wildlife Range. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, tubercles and contact organs in fishes: Their occurrence, Fairbanks. 103 pp. structure and significance. Bulletin of the American Museum T. signifer Alaska distribution of Natural History 143:143-216. T. arcticus North America breeding tubercles 1226. Weidlich, L. 1983. Ugly, but big. Alaska Fish Tales and Game Trails 15(3):20-23. * 1237. Wilimovsky, N. J, 1952. The utilization of fishery T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport illustrations trophy resources by the arctic Alaskan Eskimo. Stanford Universi- grayling ty, Technical Paper 2 on Contract N60NR-25136. 17 pp. 1227. Weidlich, L. 1983. A very sporting fish. Alaska Fish T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence Tales and Game Trails 15(3):22-23. * 1238. Wilimovsky, N. 1954. List of the fishes of Alaska. T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport illustrations trophy J. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 4(5):279-294. * grayling T. arcticus signifer Alaska distribution general works 1228. Weisel, G. F. 1957. Fish guide for intermountain Montana. Montana State University Press, Bozeman. 88 pp. 1239. Willard, E. E. and M. Herman. 1977. Montana T. arcticus Montana general works grayling and its habitat. Montana Forest and Conservation Experimental Station, University of Montana, Missoula. 15 1229. Wells, J, D. 1976. The fishery of Hyalite Reservoir pp. during 1974 and 1975. M.S. Thesis, Montana State Univer- T. arcticus Montana habitat sity, Bozeman. 47 pp. T. arcticus Montana census-survey methods competi- 1240. Williams, F. T. 1965. Inventory and cataloging of tion creel census growth harvests length frequencies sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and migration and movements population size sex ratio sex- Prince William Sound drainage, and upper Susitna River ual maturity tagging young-of-the-year drainage. Alaska Department ofFish and Game, Federal Aid 1230. Wells, J.D. and B. J, Rehwinkel. 1980. Southwest in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1964-1965. Montana fisheries study. Federal Aid Project F-9-R-27, Job Project F-5-R-6, 6(14-A):275-277. * No. I-b. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, T. arcticus Alaska age egg takes spawning weirs Helena. 32 pp. 1241. Williams, F. T. 1966. Inventory and cataloging of T. arcticus Montana sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and 1231. Wenger, M. N., R. L. Sundet and M. E. Stratton. Prince William Sound drainage, and the upper Susitna River. 1983. Winter radio telemetry investigations of resident fish. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish In Winter Aquatic Studies (October, 1982-May, 1983). Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1965-1966. Proj- Alaska Department ofFish and Game, Susitna Hydro Aquatic ect F-5-R-7, 7(14-A):200-202. * Studies, Anchorage. Phase II Data Report. Ch. 5. Pp. T. arcticus Alaska egg takes fecundity population 100-137.* size weirs ~ I I Worldwide Bibliography 91 ' ' 1242. Williams, F. T. 1967. Inventory and cataloging of T. arcticus Alaska oxygen requirements stocking and sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William transplanting Sound drainage, and the upper Susitna River. Alaska Depart- 1249. Williams, F. T. 1972. Inventory and cataloging of ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William Annual Report of Progress, 1966-1967. Project F-5-R-8, Sound drainage, and the upper Susitna River drainages. 8(14-A):227. * Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish T. arcticus Alaska age egg takes population size Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1971-1972. Pro- weirs ject F-9-4, 13(G-I-F):85-110. * 1243. Williams, F. T. 1968. Grayling investigations on T. arcticus Alaska oxygen requirements stocking and Tolsona and Moose Lakes. Alaska Department of Fish and transplanting Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of 1250. WiUiams, F. T. 1972. Winter blues? Go ice fishing. Progress, 1967-1968. Project F-5-R-9, 9(14-B):257-264.* Alaska Fish Tales and Game Trails 1972(11-12):12-13.* T. arcticus Alaska age egg takes fecundity marking T. arcticus Alaska fishing, sport population size spawning tagging weirs 1244. Williams, F. T. 1968. Inventory and cataloging of 1251. Williams, F. T. 1973. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River, Prince Prince William Sound drainages, and the upper Susitna William Sound, and the upper Susitna River. Alaska Depart- River. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid ment of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1%7-1968. Annual Report of Progress, 1972-1973. Project F-9-5, Project F-5-R-9, 9(14-A):248-249. * 14(G-1-F): 10-16. * T. arcticus Alaska egg takes fecundity population T. arcticus Alaska egg takes oxygen requirements size weirs stocking and transplanting 1245. Williams, F. T. 1969. Grayling investigations on 1252. Williams, F. T. 1976. Grayling supply, egg take at Tolsona and Moose Lakes. Alaska Department of Fish and Bessie Creek. Alaska Fish Tales and Game Trails Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of 9(5-6): 10-11. * Progress, 1968-1969. Project F-9-1, 10(14-B):291-300.* T. arcticus Alaska age culture egg incubation egg T. arcticus Alaska age egg takes fecundity homing takes fecundity hatcheries sex characters spawning marking migration and movements population size pred- 1253. Williams, F. T. ators sex ratio spawning tagging weirs 1976. Inventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River, Prince 1246. Williams, F. T. 1969. Inventory and cataloging of William Sound and the upper Susitna River drainages. Alaska the sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River, Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- Prince William Sound, and the upper Susitna River tion, Annual Performance Report, 1975-1976. Project F-9-8, drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal 17(G-I-F): 117-125.* Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, T. arcticus Alaska growth migration and movements 1968-1969. Project F-9-1, 10(14-A):282. * tagging T. arcticus Alaska egg takes fecundity population 1254. Williams, F. T. 1977. Inventory and cataloging of size weirs sport fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River, Prince 1247. Williams, F. 1970. Inventory and cataloging of sport William Sound and the upper Susitna River drainages. Alaska fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- William Sound drainages and the Upper Susitna River. tion, Annual Performance Report, 1976-1977. Project F-9-9, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish 18(G-I-F):7-17. * Restoration, Annual Report of Progress 1969-1970. Project T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements stocking F-9-2, 11(14-A):243-261. * and transplanting swimming ability tagging T. arcticus Alaska egg takes marking migration and 1255. Williams, F. T. and C. Morgan. movements oxygen requirements population size stock- 1974. Inventory ing and transplanting tagging weirs and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters of the Cop- per River and Prince William Sound drainages, and the up- 1248. Williams, F. T. 1971. Inventory and cataloging of per Susitna River drainage. Alaska Department of Fish and sport fish waters of the Copper River and Prince William Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Sound drainages and the upper Susitna River drainage. Report, 1973-1974. Project F-9-6, 15(G-I-F). 24 pp. * Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements popu- Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1970-1971. Proj- lation size swimming ability tagging weirs young-of- ect F-9-3, 12(G-1-F):117-136.* the-year

j 92 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1256. Williams, F. T. and W. D. Potterville. 1978. In- of information. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters Anchorage, Alaska by the Arctic Environmental Informa- ofthe'Copper River, Prince William Sound, and the upper tion and Data Center, University of Alaska, Anchorage. Con- Susitna River drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and tract No. 14-16-0001-6463. 221 pp. * Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits life history Report, 1977-1978. Project F-9-10, 19(G-I-F):28-46.* migration and movements overwintering T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements stocking 1263. Wipperman, A. H. 1965. Big Hole River sport and transplanting tagging weirs fishery. Federal Aid Project F-9-R-13, Job No. I-a. Mon- 1257. Williams, F. and W. D. Potterville. 1980. Inven- tana Department of Fish and Game, Helena. 10 pp. tory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters of the T. arcticus Montana fishing, sport Copper River, Prince William Sound, and upper Susitna 1264. Wipperman, A. H. 1967. Southwest Montana fishery River drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, study. Federal Aid Project F-9-R-15, Job No. I. Montana Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Department of Fish and Game, Helena. 14 pp. Report, 1979-1980. Project F-9-12, 21(G-I-F):31-36.* T. arcticus Montana fishing, sport T. arcticus Alaska age creel census fishing, sport length frequencies 1265. Withler, R. E., M. C. Healey and B. E. Riddell. 1982. Annotated bibliography of genetic variation in the 1258. Williams, F. T. and W. D. Potterville. 1981. In- family Salmonidae. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries ventory and cataloging of sport fish and sport fish waters and Aquatic Science 1098. 161 pp. of the Copper River, Prince William Sound, and the upper Worldwide bibliographies Susitna River drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance 1266. Witkowski, A. 1973. Wystc:powanie lipienia w Report, 1980-1981. Project F-9-13, 22(G-I-F):33-67.* Polsce. (Where do the grayling in Poland come from?) T. arcticus Alaska age creel census egg takes har- Gaspodarka Rybna 25(6):9-10. In Polish. vests length frequencies population size stocking and T. thymallus Poland zoogeography transplanting 1267. Witkowski, A. 1975. Lipien (Thymallus thymallus 1259. Williams, F. T. and W. D. Potterville. 1982. In- [L.]) rzek Dolnego Sl:tska. 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In English with of the Copper River, Prince William Sound, and the upper Polish and Russian summaries.* Susitna River drainages. Alaska Department of Fish and T. thymallus Poland culture egg incubation embry- Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance onic period morphometries sexual maturity spawning Report, 1982-1983. Project F-9-15, 24(G-I-F):21-54.* 1269. Witkowski, A. and M. Kowalewski. 1979. Biometria T. arcticus Alaska age egg takes harvests length lipienia Thymallus thymallus (L.) (Osteichthyes: Thymalli- frequencies stocking and transplanting dae) z dorzecza Dunajca. (Biometrics of the grayling Thymal lus thymallus [L.] 1261. Williams, F. T. and W. D. Potterville. 1984. Glenn- [Osteichthyes: Thymallidae] from the allen/Prince William Sound angler use and stock assessment River Dunajec basin.) Acta Hydrobiologica 21(3):301-312. studies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid In English with Polish summary.* T. thymallus in Fish Restoration, Annual Performance Report, 1983-1984. Poland anatomy and morphology mor- Project F-9-16, 15(G-I-F). 86 pp.* phometries stock identification T. arcticus Alaska age census-survey methods creel 1270. Wizigmann, G., Ch. Baath and R. HolTmann. census egg takes exploitation of fishing, sport harvests 1980. Isolierung des Virus der viralen hXmorrhagischen length frequencies sex ratio stocking and transplanting Septildl.mie (VHS) aus Regenbogenforellen-, Hecht-, und Aschenbrut. (Isolation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus 1262. Wilson, W. J., E. H. Buck, G. F. Player and L. from fry of rainbow trout, pike and grayling.) Zentralblatt D. Dreyer. 1977. Winter water availability and use conflicts fur Veterinl:innedizin B 27(1):79-81. In German with English as related to fish and wildlife in arctic Alaska-A synthesis summary.* Worldwide Bibliography 93

T. thymallus Germany diseases 1278. Wojcik, F.j. 1953. Reconnaissance surveys of sport fishing pressure, Fairbanks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 1271. Wobeser, G., L. F. Kratt, R. J. F. Smith and G. vice and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Acompanado. 1976. Proliferative branchiitis due to Tetraon Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-2, chus rauschi (Trematoda: Monogenea) in captive Arctic Work Plan l, Job No. 3, 2(4). 5 pp.* grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Journal of the Fisheries T. arcticus Alaska harvests Research Board of Canada 33(8):1817-1821. With Fren.;h summary. 1279. Wojcik, F. J. 1954. Biological survey of the Chatanika T. arcticus Saskatchewan diseases parasites River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game 1272. Wojcik, F. j. 1952. Migration, growth rate and food Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Pro- habits of grayling in the Little Salcha River. U.S. Fish and gress Report. Project F-1-R-4, Work Plan C, Job No.5, 4(2). Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid 13 pp.* in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project T. arcticus Alaska age harvests management sex F-1-R-1, Work Plan 3, Job No. 1, 1(2). 6 pp.* ratio T. arcticus Alaska age growth overwintering 1280. Wojcik, F. J, 1954. Food habits of grayling in in- spawning tagging weirs terior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, .1273. Wojcik, F. J. 1953. Determination of the Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, Work Plan 5, characteristics of specific fisheries (Completion report on Job No. 3, 3(3). 4 pp.* survey of the Chatanika River). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- T. arcticus Alaska competition food and feeding vice and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish habits habitat Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, Work Plan 3, Job No.2, 3(2). 10 pp.* 1281. Wojcik, F. J, 1954. Growth rates of grayling in in- T. arcticus Alaska age management migration and terior waters. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska movements tagging young-of-the-year Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, Work Plan 5, 1274. Wojcik, F.j. 1953. Determination of the Job No. 1, 3(4). 8 pp.* characteristics of specific fisheries (Preliminary survey of T. arcticus Alaska age growth sex ratio the Chatanika River). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, 1282. Wojcik, F. j. 1954. Movements and migration habits Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-2, Work Plan 3, of grayling in interior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 2(4). 5 pp. * vice and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish T. arcticus Alaska harvests Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-4, Work Plan E, Job No. 2, 4(2). 8 pp. * 1275. Wojcik, F. J. 1953. Migration, growth rate and food T. arcticus Alaska length frequencies overwintering habits of grayling in the Little Salcha River near Fairbanks, tagging weirs Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly 1283. Wojcik, F. J. 1954. Reconnaissance survey of sport Progress Report. Project F-1-R-2, Work Plan 3, Job 1, 2. fishing pressure, Fairbanks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 6 pp.* vice and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits migration Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, and movements tagging weirs Work Plan 1, 3(3). 8 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska harvests 1276. Wojcik, F. J. 1953. Movements and migration habits of grayling in interior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 1284. Wojcik, F. J, 1954. Spawning habits of grayling in vice and Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish interior Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Restoration, Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Work Plan 5, Job No. 4, 3(2). 6 pp.* Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-4, 4(1). 3 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska management migration and move- T. arcticus Alaska egg incubation egg takes spawn- ments overwintering tagging weirs ing 1277. Wojcik, F. J, 1953. Reconnaissance of sport fishing 1285. Wojcik, F. J, 1954. Survey of Tangle Lakes, Fair- pressure, Fairbanks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and banks area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Game Alaska Game Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Commission, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Quarterly Quarterly Progress Report. Project F-1-R-2, Work Plan l, Progress Report. Project F-1-R-3, Work Plan 3, Job No. Job No. 3, 2(3). 1 p. * 2, 3(4). 13 pp.* T. arcticus Alaska harvests T. arcticus Alaska migration and movements 94 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

1286. Wojcik, F. J. 1955. Life history and management of T. arcticus baicalensis USSR migration and movements the grayling in interior Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of tagging Alaska, Fairbanks. 54 pp. * 1295. Yegorov, A. G., B. G. Gavrilov and K. T. arcticus Alaska age age determination anatomy Treshcheten. 1960-1961. Observations of seasonal varia- and morphology behavior dams distribution egg in- tion in the food of the black Arctic grayling of Lake Baikal. cubation egg size exploitation of fecundity fishing, Trudy Buryatskogo Kompleksnogo Nauchno- sport food and feeding habits growth habitat historical issledovatel'skogo Instituta, Akademya Nauk SSSR, Sibir- homing illustrations impact assessment juvenile larvae skoe Otdelenie No. 4. In Russian. length frequencies life history management marking T. arcticus baicalensis USSR food and feeding habits migration and movements mortality overwintering pollution sampling techniques scale analysis sex charac- 1296. Yole, F. Y. E. 1975. Methods of aging fish species ters sex ratio sexual maturity spawning tagging tem- common to rivers and lakes of the northern Yukon Territory, perature tolerances weirs young-of-the-year 1972-1974. In L. W. Steinberger, M.S. Elson, P. G. Bruce and Y. E. Yole, eds. Northern Yukon fisheries studies 1287. Woodbury, L.A. 1930. Report on a biological in- 1971-74. Vol. 2, Chapter 5. Prepared for Environmental- vestigation of certain streams and lakes in Yellowstone Na- Social Program, Northern Pipelines, Information Canada. tional Park, Wyoming. Yellowstone National Park Library. T. arcticus Yukon Territory age age determination 64 pp. Unpublished. otoliths scale analysis T. montanus Wyoming distribution 1297. Yoshihara, H. T. 1972. Monitoring and evaluation of 1288. Woolford, R. (n.d.) Notes on village economics and arctic waters with emphasis on the North Slope drainages. wildlife utilization in arctic Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Service, Fairbanks, AK. Restoration, Annual Report of Progress, 1971-1972. Project T. arcticus Alaska fishing, subsistence F-9-4, l3(G-III-A). 49 pp. * 1289. Woolland,J. V.andJ. W.Jones. 1975. Studies on T. arcticus Alaska food and feeding habits length fre- grayling, Thymallus thymallus L., in Llyn Tegid and the up- quencies migration and movements weirs per River Dee, North Wales. Part I. Age and growth. Jour- nal of Fish Biology 7(6):749-773.* z T. thymallus Wales age condition factor distribution growth length frequencies sampling techniques scale 1298. Zabolotskii, A. A. 1968. The chironomid larvae of analysis sexual maturity tagging weight the Karelian Lakes and their consumption by fish. Trudy Karel'skogo Otdeleniya Gosudarstvennogo Nauchno- 1290. WUiker, W. 1954. Bewegungsvorgiinge im Aschen- issledovatel'skogo lnstituta Ozernogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo (Thymallus vulgaris). Ei (Developmental processes in gray- Khozyaistva 5(1):224-239. In Russian. [Thymallus vulgaris].) ling eggs Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie T. thymallus USSR food and feeding habits Supplementband B 1(4):524-536. In German.* T. vulgaris Germany embryonic period illustrations 1299. Zakharchenko, G. M. 1973. Migrations ofthe grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.)in the upper reaches of the 1291. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1947. North west Canadian Pechora. Voprosy lkhtiologii 13(4):744-745. In Russian. fisheries survey in 1944 and 1945. The Yukon Territory. Journal oflchthyology 13(4):628-629. English translation.* Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 72(2):6-30. T. thymallus USSR age migration and movements T. arcticus Yukon Territory census-survey methods overwintering sampling techniques sexual maturity tag- 1292. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1947. North west Canadian ging fisheries survey in 1944 and 1945. The Mackenzie River. 1300. Zalenskii, A. 0., P. Buchholz and R. Ch. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 72(3):21-30. Ibragimov. 1980. Comparative study of protamines of the T. arcticus Northwest Territories census-survey Salmonidae fishes. Tsitologiya 22(6):727-729. In Russian methods distribution with English summary.* 1293. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1952. Freshwater vertebrates T. arcticus USSR electrophoresis genetics of the Arctic and Subarctic. Fisheries Research Board of 1301. Zelinka, M. 1967. Jesenna potrava lipanov. (Autum- Canada Bulletin 94. 28 pp. nal food of the grayling.) Pol' ovnictvo a Rybarstvo 19(9): 16. T. arcticus Northwest Territories general works In Slovak. T. thymallus Czechoslovakia food and feeding habits y 1302. Zelinka, M. 1971. Competition for food in a trout 1294. Yegorov, A. G. 1956. Tagging of the grayling in the stream. Vertebrata Zpravy. 1971(2):95-101. In Czech with Angara. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 6:121. In Russian.* English summary. Worldwide Bibliography 95

T. thymallus Czechoslovakia competition food and nauchnykh trudev Permskoi laboratorii Gosudarstvennogo feeding habits Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo Instituta Ozernogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo Khoziastva 2:69-78. In Russian. 1303. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1962. The biology ofgraylingofthe T. thymallus USSR anatomy and morphology middle Kama. Dissenation. Perm A. M. Gorky State Univer- sity, Perm. In Russian. 1310. Zinov'ev, E. A. andJu. K. Fazylov. 1971. K biologii T. thymallus USSR ecology i godovoj izmencivosti morfologiceskich priznakov chariusa r. Ufy. (On the biology and annual variability of mor- 1304. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1963. K vozrastnoj izmencivosti phological marks in grayling in the River Ufa.) Uchenye nekoforych morfologiceskich priznakov charjusa stedny Zapiski Permskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Kamy. Izvestiya Estestvenno- nauchnogo Instituta pri Perm- 261:90-105. In Russian. skom Universitete 14(6):105-113. In Russian. T. thymallus USSR anatomy and morphology T. thymallus USSR anatomy and morphology 1311. Zitiian, R. 1969. Helminty aklimatizovaneho 1305. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1969. A characterization ofthe diet Thymallus arcticus baicalensis Dyb. na istovensku a ich of the grayling in different types of waters in the Kama River epizootologicky vyznam. (Helminths of acclimatized gray- basin. Uchenye Zapiski Permskogo Gosudarstvennogo ling, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis [Dyb.] in Slovakia and Universiteta Imeni AM Gor'kogo 195:83-93. In Russian. their epizootological significance.) Biologia (Bratislava) T. thymallus USSR ecology food and feeding habits 24(8):629-633. In Slovak with German and Russian 1306. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1969. The fecundity of the grayling summaries. of the Kama River basin. Uchenye Zapiski Permskogo T. arcticus baicalensis Czechoslovakia parasites Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Imeni A M Gor'kogo 1312. Zitiian, R. 1973. Helminty r)rb Dob~inskej (Hnileckej) 195:57-65. In Russian.* priehrady a ich epizootologick)r vyznam. Biologicke Price T. thymallus USSR fecundity Slovenskej Akademie vied 19(6):1-87. In Slovak with En- 1307. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1969. A review of research on the glish, German, and Russian summaries. feeding of the European grayling. Uchenye Zapiski Perm- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia parasites skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Imeni AM Gor'kogo 1313. Zitllan, R. 1974. Acclimatization of fish in the Car- 195:75-82. In Russian. pathian region of Czechoslovakia and the role of helminths T. thymallus USSR behavior food and feeding habits in the process. Ichthyologia 6(1): 143-155. In Czech. 1308. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1971. Information on the reproduc- T. thymallus Czechoslovakia parasites tion of the European grayling. Trudy Ural'skogo Otdeleniya 1314. Zunjic, K. 1977. The results of comparative research Gosudarstvennyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Ozernogo of bottom fauna of the rivers Lim (polluted) and the Tara i Rechnogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva 8:133-142. In Russian. (clean). Presented at the 20th Limnological Congress, T. thymallus USSR ecology fecundity spawning Copenhagen, 7 Aug., 1977. DIS Congress Service, Den- 1309. Zinov'ev, E. A. 1979. Morphological characteristics mark. 306 pp. In English. of two grayling species from the Kozhim River. Sbornik T. thymallus Yugoslavia pollution 96 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

KEY WORD INDEX

Taxonomic Index T. arcticus (continued) 660 661 669 670 671 672 673 (Full scientific and common names for all grayling taxa are 674 675 677 678 680 681 682 listed in the introduction.) 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 694 695 698 701 Salmo thymallus montanus 703 704 706 709 710 711 722 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 63 735 738 741 747 748 749 750 T. arcticus 751 760 761 764 769 777 778 779 780 784 785 791 792 804 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 805 806 809 812 814 815 816 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 817 818 819 820 821 827 830 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 33 34 35 38 39 42 43 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 44 45 46 47 53 54 55 845 849 850 851 852 857 858 56 57 58 60 65 75 76 862 863 864 865 866 870 877 80 82 84 85 86 87 92 886 887 889 892 893 895 898 93 94 95 96 97 98 102 899 909 911 912 913 914 915 103 104 106 107 110 121 122 916 917 918 923 924 925 926 123 124 133 134 136 138 154 927 928 929 934 935 936 937 156 157 158 161 162 163 166 938 939 940 941 942 950 951 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 953 954 955 956 960 964 965 174 175 176 178 179 181 182 966 967 968 970 973 974 975 183 184 185 188 192 195 197 976 982 984 985 986 994 996 198 199 200 201 202 203 206 997 998 999 1000 1002 1004 1007 207 208 211 216 217 218 220 1008 1010 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 223 224 226 228 232 233 234 1018 1019 1020 1021 1023 1029 1031 236 237 241 242 243 244 250 1032 1033 1034 1042 1043 1044 1053 271 272 273 274 277 280 289 1058 1060 1061 1066 1070 1071 1072 290 291 293 294 295 296 297 1075 1076 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 298 299 300 301 302 305 306 1088 1089 1090 1092 1095 1097 1098 310 312 317 318 319 320 321 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 322 323 324 325 326 329 330 1110 1112 1ll5 1116 1117 1120 1126 334 335 336 341 342 346 347 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 350 351 353 354 355 362 363 1137 1138 1141 ll42 1143 1147 1148 364 367 368 371 375 376 378 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1157 379 382 383 384 387 388 389 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 390 397 400 401 402 403 405 1166 1167 1169 1172 1173 1174 1175 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 1176 1177 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 415 416 424 425 427 428 436 1186 1189 1190 1200 1203 1204 1205 437 440 441 442 443 448 467 1206 1207 1208 1210 1211 1212 1213 474 475 477 478 479 480 482 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 483 484 485 486 487 489 501 1221 1222 1224 1226 1227 1228 1229 502 507 518 521 522 523 526 1230 1231 1232 1236 1237 1238 1239 527 529 530 531 544 546 548 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 549 550 551 555 556 557 558 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 559 562 564 573 575 576 577 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 578 581 589 590 594 595 597 1261 1262 1263 1264 1271 1272 1273 598 599 600 601 602 605 606 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 607 608 609 611 617 618 623 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1288 628 629 631 632 634 640 643 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 644 645 646 649 650 651 655 1300 1311 Worldwide Bibliography-Taxonomic Index 97

T. arcticus baicalensis T. microlepis 19 20 21 22 23 65 69 992 106 107 138 232 233 244 335 474 475 548 549 581 590 628 T. montanus 709 710 711 777 778 809 827 63 65 Ill 148 149 150 151 870 889 893 953 954 955 1002 152 153 155 205 210 248 292 1007 1042 1044 1071 1072 1082 1088 307 308 309 3ll 328 348 407 1089 1090 1129 1130 1131 II32 ll33 439 454 455 456 457 458 459 1134 1135 1137 II38 II39 ll42 1143 460 461 463 465 491 525 538 1147 ll48 1149 1150 1151 1167 1200 539 560 621 630 635 636 637 1203 1294 1295 1311 638 658 740 742 743 744 774 882 T. arcticus baicalensis infrasubspecies brevipinnis 864 881 884 969 980 981 987 1156 1171 1287 106 107 581 955 1089 1130 1131 1134 1139 ll51 T. nigrescens 106 107 244 630 670 870 T. arcticus grubei 888 891 955 1031 1090 1390 65 102 106 107 244 250 544 573 576 577 644 645 784 785 T. ontariensis 870 1043 1076 1090 1095 1ll0 ll12 65 292 348 630 969 ll44 1145 T. thymallus T. arcticus mertensi 2 3 4 5 6 7 107 544 578 617 870 1138 106 8 18 36 37 40 41 47 48 59 61 64 65 67 68 T. arcticus pallasi 69 70 71 74 77 78 79 47 65 103 106 107 134 226 81 91 106 107 109 112 ll3 646 694 695 887 1089 1090 1092 ll4 115 ll6 117 118 119 120 1141 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 134 135 137 138 145 146 147 T. (arcticus) signifer 159 165 177 186 189 190 191 196 209 212 214 215 225 229 72 99 104 152 343 65 66 230 238 239 245 246 247 251 372 407 423 429 431 344 348 252 255 257 258 259 260 261 461 463 464 491 492 493 459 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 538 539 572 630 494 534 535 269 270 279 281 282 285 287 727 738 759 770 773 641 726 288 313 314 315 316 327 331 901 902 903 904 870 871 880 332 333 337 338 340 356 358 907 908 969 982 1059 905 906 359 365 366 369 370 385 398 1204 1207 1209 1223 1225 1127 1138 399 404 406 417 426 434 435 1238 437 438 445 446 447 449 450 466 468 469 470 471 472 473 T. brevirostris 474 476 481 495 496 497 498 106 107 139 219 244 303 304 499 500 503 505 508 509 510 391 393 394 396 397 542 870 512 513 514 515 516 517 519 959 1031 1090 1138 1140 524 528 532 541 545 547 552 553 554 563 566 567 568 570 T. brevirostris kozovi 571 574 579 580 583 585 586 587 588 592 593 598 603 604 244 610 612 613 614 615 616 619 622 624 625 626 627 633 642 T. lewisii 647 648 652 654 656 657 662 452 663 664 665 666 667 668 670 98 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

T. thymallus (continued) Geographic Index 677 679 693 695 696 697 699 702 716 724 745 746 754 755 756 757 762 763 765 766 767 WORLDWIDE 768 771 776 781 782 787 788 65 204 348 373 772 969 1073 789 790 793 801 802 803 810 1202 1265 811 822 823 826 828 829 846 847 848 853 854 855 856 859 860 861 867 869 870 871 872 ASIA 873 874 875 876 883 885 886 100 101 104 275 1090 887 894 897 900 910 919 920 921 922 930 931 932 933 943 MONGOLIA 944 946 948 952 957 958 962 963 971 972 977 978 979 982 139 185 219 244 303 304 397 983 988 989 990 991 993 995 425 542 888 955 959 1140 1006 1009 1010 lOll 1012 1022 1027 1028 1029 1031 1035 1036 1038 1039 USSR 1040 1041 1045 1046 1047 1049 1050 19 20 21 22 23 42 47 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 100 101 102 103 105 106 107 1062 1063 1064 1065 1067 1068 1069 108 134 138 160 162 180 226 1074 1077 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 231 232 233 235 240 249 250 1090 1091 1093 1094 1096 1106 1107 265 276 283 284 334 335 357 1108 1114 1118 1119 1121 1122 1123 358 361 377 391 392 393 394 1124 1125 1128 1170 1178 1179 1180 395 396 437 475 507 511 543 1187 1188 1191 1193 1194 1195 1196 544 548 549 550 565 569 573 1197 1198 1199 1201 1233 1235 1266 576 577 578 581 582 584 587 1267 1268 1269 1270 1289 1298 1299 589 590 591 596 610 611 617 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 628 642 644 645 646 657 694 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 695 696 709 710 711 777 778 783 784 785 786 800 801 808 T. thymallus morpha lacustris 809 865 878 879 886 887 889 68 69 890 891 892 893 953 954 961 995 996 997 998 1001 1002 1003 T. tricolor 1006 1007 1009 1010 1029 1030 1031 9 49 50 51 52 62 73 1042 1043 1044 1045 1048 1053 1061 90 125 140 141 142 143 144 1071 1072 1076 1082 1088 1089 1091 153 193 194 205 213 227 278 1092 1095 1109 1110 1111 1112 1115 305 339 345 348 352 380 386 1118 1128 1129 1130 1131 ll32 I 133 407 419 420 421 422 423 429 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1141 432 433 451 459 461 462 463 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 488 490 491 492 493 494 504 1149 1150 1151 1152 1167 1168 1188 506 520 538 539 636 639 651 1192 1193 1194 1200 1203 1207 1294 659 707 708 713 715 717 718 1295 1298 1299 1300 1303 1304 1305 719 720 721 725 737 739 773 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 775 795 796 797 798 799 807 824 825 896 969 1113 1156 1165 EUROPE 1223 1234 64 71 100 101 677 762 776 810 855 919 921 982 992 1012 T. vexilllfer 1090 1122 1123 1196 444 AUSIRIA T. vulgaris 2 112 113 114 115 116 117 26 253 254 256 348 511 520 118 119 331 444 541 545 585 712 752 753 758 969 992 1290 586 702 931 932 933 979 Worldwide Bibliography-Geographic Index 99

BELGIUM GERMANY 229 417 495 716 867 8 18 79 81 145 189 245 337 406 434 592 622 654 697 BRITISH ISLES 790 823 920 922 971 972 977 196 435 503 517 1124 1233 978 979 993 1062 1063 1064 1065 1067 1096 1122 1123 1235 1270 1290 England ITALY 91 147 159 246 338 365 366 445 446 447 466 563 699 771 120 979 1049 1125 787 871 872 873 874 875 885 NETHERLANDS 897 919 983 1027 1124 910 Scotland NORWAY 165 359 476 679 897 26 36 137 146 190 215 238 Wales 239 281 282 288 437 481 496 159 532 1011 1289 497 498 499 519 570 571 604 656 662 767 944 958 1035 1050 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1051 1052 1119 67 68 69 70 74 77 78 POLAND 127 128 129 130 131 132 177 186 225 251 252 253 254 255 126 212 360 369 370 509 510 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 514 579 580 588 848 930 957 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 1046 1047 1055 1057 1266 1267 1268 270 438 468 469 470 471 472 1269 474 475 508 515 516 552 566 ROMANIA 567 568 583 603 612 613 614 615 616 619 663 664 665 666 230 404 505 1056 1108 1187 667 668 693 745 746 763 765 766 768 781 782 811 826 827 SCANDINAVIA 846 847 870 876 894 962 963 988 989 990 991 1022 1028 1074 592 1077 1093 1094 1114 1121 1170 1193 SPAIN 1194 1197 1198 1301 1302 1311 1312 1313 385

DENMARK SWEDEN 26 37 214 426 625 626 627 1 26 40 41 109 209 279 900 979 285 287 288 313 316 327 332 333 356 398 399 437 449 450 FINLAND 498 500 524 547 624 647 648 26 41 285 315 511 712 952 652 724 752 753 754 755 756 757 788 789 793 802 803 856 FRANCE 859 860 861 869 899 943 1038 1039 1083 1084 1085 48 59 135 191 247 314 554 593 633 853 854 855 883 931 SWI1ZERLAND 932 933 948 1054 1178 1179 1180 1191 61 574 758 946 1068 100 Bwl. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

YUGOSLAVIA Yukon Territory 3 4 5 6 7 512 553 53 60 75 82 121 133 156 822 828 829 1036 1041 1069 1086 157 158 200 207 220 224 293 1087 1106 1107 1195 1199 1314 294 378 389 485 535 598 618 670 672 673 675 684 689 701 849 850 994 1004 1008 1020 1021 NORTH AMERICA 1060 1291 1296 83 88 164 187 221 222 275 280 344 374 381 418 430 453 UNITED STATES 459 461 463 473 480 534 536 537 538 539 540 620 630 653 380 1005 677 687 688 705 714 723 736 737 794 813 909 923 945 982 Alaska 1155 1156 1164 1190 1205 1207 1236 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CANADA 17 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 39 271 274 407 562 678 865 984 43 44 45 46 55 57 58 985 986 1034 1059 75 84 85 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 161 166 167 168 Alberta 169 170 171 172 181 182 183 124 375 448 489 820 821 880 184 188 192 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 206 208 218 237 1153 1209 243 289 290 295 296 297 298 British Columbia 299 300 306 312 336 341 342 343 353 354 355 362 363 382 72 163 174 272 273 277 301 383 387 388 390 400 401 402 649 650 651 673 689 701 1070 403 405 408 409 410 411 412 1075 413 414 415 416 424 427 437 440 441 442 443 477 478 479 Manitoba 483 484 518 546 575 594 595 56 66 228 234 329 375 467 605 608 609 623 629 631 632 486 558 749 780 970 1078 1081 634 641 655 660 672 673 674 675 681 682 683 686 689 690 Northwest Territories 691 692 703 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 741 747 759 760 53 85 122 123 136 173 176 761 764 769 770 779 791 792 178 179 216 217 241 242 291 804 805 806 814 815 816 817 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 818 819 830 831 832 833 834 324 325 326 346 347 372 376 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 428 436 501 521 522 523 526 842 843 844 845 865 866 898 531 551 555 556 557 559 564 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 640 669 671 672 673 680 698 918 924 925 926 927 928 934 701 726 727 735 748 851 852 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 880 901 903 904 906 1008 1033 942 950 951 956 960 964 965 1066 1126 1161 1292 1293 966 967 968 973 974 975 976 982 984 999 1008 1013 1014 1015 Ontario 1016 1017 1023 1032 1058 1059 1079 1080 375 379 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1116 1117 1120 1154 Saskatchewan 1157 1158 1589 1160 1162 1163 1166 1169 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 136 302 375 529 530 555 597 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1206 599 600 601 602 704 902 905 1208 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 907 908 1271 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1225 ..,..

Worldwide Bibliography-Subject Index 101

Alaska (continued) New York 1226 1227 1231 1232 1237 1138 1240 621 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 South Dakota 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 525 791 792 1262 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1281 1282 1283 1284 1278 1279 1280 Utah 1285 1286 1288 1297 236 292 295 364 1018 1019 Arizona 295 738 Vernwnt 658 California 295 310 367 368 528 751 881 Washington 882 929 987 1000 86 87 750 Colorado Wyoming 89 292 295 328 572 54 76 80 99 195 211 223 Idaho 286 295 307 349 525 533 561 606 607 638 643 661 669 676 210 248 292 561 676 868 949 740 791 792 868 877 949 1024 1024 1026 1037 1025 1037 1287

Michigan 9 49 50 51 52 62 73 90 125 140 141 142 143 144 SUBJECT INDEX 150 152 155 193 194 205 213 227 278 292 305 339 345 350 abnormalities 352 386 419 420 421 422 423 580 758 429 431 432 433 451 452 462 464 488 490 491 492 493 494 acidification 504 506 520 635 636 637 638 639 659 707 708 713 715 717 652 718 719 720 721 725 739 775 791 792 795 796 797 798 799 age 807 824 825 896 1113 1165 1189 11 24 28 30 31 32 33 1234 34 36 45 58 67 68 78 Minnesota 86 92 94 95 97 98 122 123 126 152 160 185 201 202 295 527 722 203 205 211 224 236 241 277 285 290 300 318 319 320 322 Montana 326 354 355 369 375 382 383 '63 110 111 148 149 151 152 389 403 408 409 410 411 412 153 154 292 305 306 307 308 413 414 424 436 445 470 475 309 311 330 349 351 371 384 478 479 483 496 499 513 515 439 452 454 455 456 457 458 516 532 546 566 575 594 595 460 465 482 491 502 560 561 604 605 606 607 608 609 643 605 676 700 706 742 743 744 654 661 664 674 691 693 716 773 774 791 792 812 857 858 748 750 752 762 766 773 779 862 863 864 868 884 895 949 815 817 818 830 831 832 833 980 981 1024 1037 1127 1171 1189 834 836 837 838 839 840 841 1204 1222 1223 1224 1228 1229 1230 842 843 844 846 849 852 856 1239 1263 1264 857 858 861 864 916 924 925 102 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23 age (continued) breeding tubercles 600 1236 926 927 928 936 938 939 941 942 955 964 966 974 990 993 14C 998 1013 1014 1016 1020 1035 1047 1075 1097 1099 llOO 1101 1102 1103 968 1104 1145 1172 1184 1209 1210 1211 1213 1217 1218 1220 1240 1242 1243 census-survey methods 1245 1252 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 216 317 319 322 323 324 405 1272 1273 1279 1281 1286 1289 1296 477 479 607 722 728 729 730 1299 731 732 733 734 748 849 850 913 928 1097 1153 1172 1229 1261 age determination 1291 1292 36 44 58 67 68 122 152 185 201 202 205 224 277 285 chromosomes 369 382 475 483 496 503 532 136 569 657 694 695 706 803 604 606 607 643 674 779 843 977 978 995 996 997 998 1030 861 927 936 964 974 1020 1075 1083 ll01 1209 1286 1296 competition anatomy and morphology 54 58 86 87 122 149 153 22 105 106 107 122 147 160 214 287 292 366 382 431 433 203 267 292 316 328 391 393 462 463 482 490 500 513 576 454 460 463 491 513 543 630 631 637 643 750 752 773 787 646 791 792 802 810 846 853 830 832 840 861 864 964 982 870 871 885 895 915 918 998 1075 1117 1175 1189 1229 1280 1302 1027 1038 1042 1046 1047 1090 1095 1099 1100 1101 1138 1139 1140 1141 condition factor 1144 1188 1206 1207 1267 1269 1286 1304 1309 1310 78 95 122 277 285 319 322 325 369 382 397 470 475 503 behavior 531 611 664 685 693 773 843 928 1075 1145 1152 1206 1289 6 58 86 122 123 151 236 305 313 375 513 597 601 602 contamination 605 631 690 691 916 931 932 933 964 973 983 1095 1098 1104 165 476 554 662 685 686 741 1127 1185 1186 1191 1200 1209 1286 847 920 1093 1094 1232 1307 creel census bibliographies 16 43 54 58 86 99 122 57 204 294 687 865 1073 1139 216 237 300 317 319 320 322 1190 1265 323 324 325 375 409 410 412 413 414 441 442 477 478 479 blood 546 594 595 607 608 609 722 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 22 113 114 117 118 119 162 748 773 830 835 836 837 838 166 167 168 169 170 171 189 840 842 844 913 924 925 926 489 507 585 611 628 641 685 927 928 937 941 942 967 1058 801 828 829 953 954 955 1001 1097 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1172 1002 1023 1144 1148 1149 1203 1210 1229 1257 1258 1259 1261 body pigments cryopreservation of sperm 147 212 483 1064 Worldwide Bibliography-Subject Index 103 culture distribution (continued) 55 58 149 177 187 225 292 1205 1207 1208 1209 340 375 377 434 452 454 455 1225 1238 1267 1286 1287 1289 1292 457 460 475 513 518 525 541 552 577 599 612 613 614 615 ecology 621 630 658 678 715 824 8Z5 838 840 844 876 924 929 946 58 86 123 259 305 314 331 1028 1049 1064 1087 1127 1132 1143 356 397 393 396 404 512 513 1155 1174 1197 1199 1235 1252 1268 522 567 572 578 591 631 633 861 864 867 878 955 964 982 culverts 1114 1133 1138 1139 1140 1144 1145 1147 1151 1303 228 598 691 692 1305 1308 egg incubation dams 58 449 472 479 574 656 666 724 81 86 115 122 123 224 229 230 267 292 351 788 944 964 1128 1189 1286 375 452 460 580 586 599 604 605 607 digestion 630 762 773 779 846 849 861 864 905 916 964 1042 1075 1127 123 565 630 964 1027 1075 1082 1191 1209 1223 1252 1268 1284 1286 diseases egg size 8 159 438 473 513 696 921 77 224 229 277 510 607 674 922 928 954 1040 1041 1121 1270 846 905 916 1044 1127 1189 1191 1271 1209 1223 1286 distribution egg takes 1 11 12 14 15 17 26 86 122 123 452 460 599 607 29 30 33 36 39 42 46 630 658 708 905 924 962 1042 53 58 59 66 69 75 78 1062 1119 1182 1183 1209 1240 1241 82 85 86 93 98 99 104 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1251 106 107 122 124 132 133 153 1252 1258 1259 1260 1261 1284 158 173 176 179 182 183 184 197 199 200 203 205 210 214 electromyogram 218 219 220 224 236 241 242 231 244 265 266 275 281 282 285 232 233 548 709 777 288 290 291 292 293 302 310 electrophoresis 328 338 348 350 362 363 375 388 405 408 428 431 436 440 161 162 306 483 489 550 669 448 452 459 463 474 482 491 706 801 866 1009 1010 1204 1300 498 502 513 519 523 526 529 557 571 596 604 605 607 626 electroshocking 627 630 643 649 651 664 665 58 359 409 413 414 478 547 672 673 674 675 682 683 698 604 608 666 773 779 836 839 726 727 750 754 759 773 779 841 844 924 925 926 927 928 791 792 808 810 820 821 850 942 952 1047 1099 1100 1102 1103 852 857 858 861 864 870 880 1172 886 895 901 903 904 905 907 908 934 960 969 975 981 982 embryonic period 994 1004 1008 1033 1047 1056 1057 1059 1060 1066 1075 1077 1080 1113 61 112 115 116 151 230 292 1127 ll31 1138 1140 1145 ll53 1154 513 541 579 580 584 588 605 1156 1160 1161 ll62 1163 1165 1169 630 754 846 1042 1044 1045 1222 1176 1177 1185 1186 1189 1191 1192 1223 1268 1290 104 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23 enzyme complexes food and feeding habits 591 3 4 6 24 27 28 30 31 32 33 36 58 81 86 epibranchial organ 87 94 98 109 122 123 127 128 129 130 131 149 155 157 109 771 202 203 204 214 224 236 246 253 254 255 256 266 277 285 evolution 289 290 292 336 351 354 356 147 482 864 998 1138 358 365 366 369 375 397 405 413 436 447 449 450 452 454 exploitation of 455 457 460 475 482 511 513 518 525 576 577 581 604 605 13 54 188 284 322 365 382 606 607 611 618 619 621 635 383 395 397 479 529 607 665 636 637 638 660 674 680 685 666 667 767 928 974 1137 1189 697 715 726 752 753 754 762 1261 1286 765 793 804 805 806 809 824 825 830 851 852 856 861 864 fecundity 886 897 905 907 916 946 952 954 964 966 967 968 973 982 3 4 58 77 122 123 126 983 1023 1047 1048 1049 1051 1075 151 203 224 226 267 277 292 1090 1095 1115 1118 1131 1134 1135 326 375 422 452 460 510 513 1140 1142 1143 1145 1146 1147 1161 560 605 607 611 614 630 661 1171 1184 1185 1186 1191 1200 1201 674 762 857 864 886 905 967 1209 1218 1262 1275 1280 1286 1295 1097 1101 1182 1183 1209 1211 998 1297 1298 1301 1302 1305 1307 1241 1243 1244 1245 1246 1252 1286 1306 1308 fossils fish ladder 207 670 671

1105 gas bladder fishing, sport 276 316 514 34 36 49 13 24 33 37 gastrointestinal tract 51 58 63 66 73 76 88 90 122 135 141 146 164 192 1082 195 208 216 236 240 286 292 300 317 321 322 323 324 325 gear selectivity 327 353 374 375 376 382 387 11 36 58 122 123 382 449 390 420 426 429 431 432 440 604 607 779 832 836 861 942 451 459 461 463 464 465 477 964 1097 1099 1100 1103 1172 479 487 488 501 513 557 559 604 605 608 705 714 725 728 general works 729 730 731 732 733 734 748 767 769 775 779 794 807 816 2 26 41 46 47 48 64 817 818 843 860 861 867 874 65 66 69 71 79 80 83 875 885 895 928 931 932 933 84 89 100 101 102 106 107 945 972 1037 1131 1132 1172 1226 108 120 154 164 174 180 186 1227 1250 1257 1261 1263 1264 1286 190 194 209 222 243 244 245 249 250 257 263 270 271 272 fishing, subsistence 273 274 279 280 310 312 329 344 348 360 361 374 435 444 38 341 342 427 501 596 632 456 458 461 463 467 468 469 735 813 845 880 898 956 1166 471 486 492 493 494 497 505 1237 1288 508 509 517 534 535 536 537 Worldwide Bibliography-Subject Index 105 general works (continued) habitat 538 539 540 544 558 561 562 11 31 34 36 42 58 86 573 583 589 590 603 620 624 122 197 202 236 240 259 262 630 644 645 653 668 676 677 264 265 266 267 268 269 277 682 689 702 712 723 736 737 289 290 292 301 337 369 375 738 747 751 762 772 776 7S2 384 408 410 431 434 460 475 783 784 785 786 789 790 800 479 482 495 513 604 605 630 820 821 823 868 869 879 883 631 643 674 754 762 796 830 902 903 904 906 909 910 919 831 843 849 850 857 861 864 923 943 945 948 958 969 972 873 885 886 916 928 960 964 984 985 986 992 1000 1005 1012 982 983 1046 1075 1095 1100 1104 1019 1024 1025 1026 1034 1037 1039 1117 1140 1158 1160 1186 1189 1191 1043 1050 1052 1054 1055 1067 1068 1206 1208 1209 1239 1280 1286 1081 1084 1085 1090 1091 1092 1096 1107 1109 1110 1111 1112 1122 1123 harvests 1124 1125 1136 1139 1164 1187 1193 24 36 43 54 58 95 99 1194 1196 1198 1202 1205 1228 1233 140 146 216 237 318 319 322 1238 1293 323 324 332 375 376 382 409 410 413 414 436 441 442 449 477 478 479 545 546 557 564 genetics 594 595 604 606 607 661 664 665 666 667 722 728 729 730 136 147 161 162 306 371 483 731 732 733 734 769 773 830 513 550 569 657 669 694 695 835 837 838 840 842 843 901 706 803 866 899 977 978 995 907 912 913 924 925 926 927 996 997 998 1009 1030 1031 1083 928 989 1058 1100 1101 1102 1103 1167 1204 1300 1132 1145 1210 1212 1213 1215 1219 1221 1229 1258 1259 1260 1261 1274 1277 1278 1279 1283 growth hatcheries 3 4 11 12 14 30 31 33 34 36 58 67 68 78 58 155 229 230 292 351 364 86 122 126 134 151 152 185 452 455 460 463 482 513 518 191 201 202 203 205 211 215 525 560 580 592 612 630 638 217 224 226 240 277 283 285 658 678 715 762 846 905 952 289 290 300 318 320 322 326 954 962 963 971 1062 1121 1127 365 366 369 370 375 382 383 1132 1209 1223 1235 1252 389 397 405 416 436 445 470 472 475 483 496 499 502 503 heart contractions 510 513 515 516 518 529 532 549 1006 566 577 604 605 606 607 608 611 625 643 654 658 661 664 historical 674 679 680 691 693 716 722 726 750 752 753 754 762 763 9 49 50 51 52 62 66 766 773 779 811 818 831 833 73 83 99 Ill 125 140 142 834 838 846 849 854 856 857 143 144 148 150 153 190 193 858 861 870 916 936 941 942 196 205 213 221 227 248 278 954 928 964 965 966 967 974 292 307 308 309 311 339 343 982 983 990 993 1021 1035 1046 345 346 347 350 352 372 380 1051 1075 1089 1090 1097 1099 1100 381 386 418 419 420 421 422 1101 1116 1117 1126 1131 1135 1140 423 428 429 430 431 432 433 1143 1145 1147 1168 1172 1184 1206 439 451 452 453 454 456 459 1209 1222 1229 1253 1267 1272 1281 461 462 463 464 465 482 487 1286 1289 488 490 491 504 506 520 533 106 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23 historical (continued) juvenile 560 630 635 636 639 658 659 11 14 15 25 31 58 86 707 708 713 715 717 718 719 122 201 202 224 277 290 300 720 721 725 736 737 739 742 513 521 597 601 604 607 631 743 744 770 773 774 775 794 674 691 754 755 763 773 846 795 797 798 799 807 824 825 854 861 925 928 964 973 1048 864 880 884 885 895 896 923 1049 1075 1080 1095 1104 1116 1133 929 947 949 959 981 1018 1038 1143 1191 1206 1222 1286 1189 1209 1234 1286

larvae homing 58 115 155 201 229 230 406 36 58 202 238 326 483 604 452 454 455 457 460 513 518 607 661 764 927 928 1104 1126 525 579 580 597 599 607 616 1215 1218 1245 1286 630 674 715 726 773 779 809 846 861 905 954 983 1042 1044 hooking mortality 1049 1075 1095 1147 1171 1189 1191 1223 1286 321 322 375 382 479 779 1099 hydrostatic pressure, tolerance length frequencies 622 1128 11 12 14 24 33 34 36 58 67 68 78 86 92 122 123 126 152 185 202 205 224 hypoxia 226 277 300 319 320 322 325 332 336 355 369 382 397 398 169 684 400 401 403 409 410 411 412 413 414 424 436 449 475 477 illustrations 478 479 483 503 510 513 532 546 566 575 594 595 604 607 65 68 77 79 91 106 107 608 643 654 661 664 680 691 115 122 132 150 153 209 230 693 722 726 748 752 754 766 236 240 244 255 263 265 267 773 779 811 815 817 818 819 277 280 292 313 353 431 444 830 832 833 834 835 836 837 461 463 464 482 483 513 529 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 560 600 614 623 636 646 677 849 850 854 857 858 861 905 738 758 762 779 816 821 846 924 925 926 927 928 936 938 853 864 870 871 885 905 908 939 941 942 954 964 990 1013 972 990 1019 1042 1043 1049 1075 1014 1015 1016 1017 1021 1058 1075 1090 1092 1095 1127 1131 1138 1140 1097 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1116 1144 1191 1209 1223 1226 1227 1286 1117 ll40 1144 1145 1147 1191 1206 1290 1209 1211 1212 1217 1218 1229 1257 1258 1260 1261 1282 1286 1289 1297 impact assessment

10 15 36 58 68 156 205 length-weight relationship 206 228 267 289 290 301 369 375 382 384 409 410 411 412 24 28 40 67 68 94 95 413 433 449 452 462 463 482 122 152 175 185 202 277 285 545 551 574 598 633 634 643 301 319 320 322 325 354 382 652 656 666 667 684 685 724 405 436 475 531 566 607 643 725 764 773 788 814 831 843 664 674 679 680 722 830 833 864 944 964 966 974 1003 1032 840 861 917 1046 1047 1075 1100 1145 1157 1159 1168 1189 1209 1286 1101 Worldwide Bibliography-Subject Index 107 life history monality 17 57 58 86 123 163 202 58 86 110 229 319 322 326 277 378 389 446 513 597 604 382 478 479 513 518 541 580 605 607 689 747 773 849 851 605 606 607 661 779 928 952 873 916 928 1018 1075 1104 ll20 1102 1103 1286 1126 1145 1262 1286 muscle management 22 23 231 232 233 335 507 16 31 56 58 86 87 122 548 709 710 711 777 778 847 152 153 211 223 300 302 305 1007 1071 1203 319 322 368 382 393 477 478 479 482 490 513 527 567 636 nervous system 643 664 665 666 691 704 750 1224 764 773 774 779 840 843 864 914 916 928 989 1131 1132 1213 1215 1219 1220 1221 1273 1276 1279 olfaction 1286 238 239 604 1104 1222 1224 marking osmotic and ionic regulation 58 86 382 398 449 479 607 19 171 172 681 764 773 840 844 853 857 924 928 942 1075 1104 1209 1243 otoliths 1245 1247 1286 58 201 202 224 674 849 974 metabolism 1020 1035 1075 1296 21 22 23 828 1072 overwintering migration and movements 30 36 58 94 95 98 181 198 202 224 277 484 604 605 1 11 12 14 15 30 35 674 680 764 779 840 842 916 36 54 58 86 122 123 178 941 942 964 967 1075 1079 1080 201 202 203 224 228 277 283 1097 1099 llOO ll01 1102 1104 1117 290 300 326 334 382 398 399 1177 1209 1216 1262 1272 1276 1282 408 413 414 475 478 479 484 1286 1299 513 522 546 604 605 607 630 643 647 661 674 681 691 756 757 764 779 830 831 835 840 oxygen requirements 844 849 851 852 857 861 886 21 22 58 167 170 247 314 912 914 916 925 926 927 928 330 443 482 549 593 604 685 936 937 941 942 950 951 964 848 935 941 942 1099 llOO 1147 965 966 967 1015 1016 1075 1079 1150 1183 1247 1248 1249 1251 1095 1097 1099 1100 1101 1102 ll03 1104 ll05 1126 1127 1145 1172 ll77 parasites ll84 1185 1189 1191 1209 1211 1212 1214 1217 1218 1220 1229 1231 1245 40 72 122 137 224 261 303 1247 1253 1254 1255 1256 1262 1273 304 315 391 394 425 437 438 1275 1276 1285 1286 1294 1297 1299 466 473 480 511 513 542 553 563 582 587 610 651 696 701 morphometries 726 745 746 812 877 887 889 890 891 892 893 916 967 976 132 391 810 870 912 918 1010 1029 1036 1053 1061 1063 1076 1121 1046 1047 1090 1131 1140 1141 1144 1144 1178 1179 1180 1271 1311 1312 1268 1269 1313 108 Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

pheromones sampling techniques 238 604 11 36 58 78 86 122 123 147 157 224 277 332 336 359 382 405 449 483 598 599 604 placer mining 607 618 640 643 674 691 716 33 60 684 685 1023 1216 1232 726 779 836 838 857 861 928 958 964 1075 1103 1116 1117 1177 1209 1286 1289 1299 pollution 145 165 476 481 545 570 571 scale analysis 604 623 652 662 679 762 843 36 44 58 67 68 86 122 920 922 1032 1267 1286 1314 132 134 152 185 201 202 205 224 277 285 325 357 365 366 population dynamics 369 382 398 436 475 483 503 510 532 604 607 608 643 661 3 4 13 36 58 188 382 664 670 674 726 773 779 811 383 409 410 479 604 606 633 830 838 840 843 844 846 849 716 924 928 974 1014 1098 1101 861 924 925 926 927 928 936 1102 1103 964 966 974 1020 1035 1075 1097 1099 1101 1102 1168 1184 1206 1209 population size 1286 1289 1296

11 15 28 54 58 86 92 sex characters 277 300 359 382 401 409 410 411 412 413 414 424 449 478 122 267 277 513 604 607 762 479 594 606 607 608 642 643 810 857 870 905 927 928 1138 661 665 666 667 691 752 761 1140 ll44 1209 1252 1267 1286 763 779 817 818 819 830 836 837 839 840 841 849 857 924 sex ratio 925 926 927 928 941 942 960 964 %6 967 974 1014 1047 1097 7 11 12 68 86 94 97 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1229 1241 98 122 123 151 203 224 267 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1255 300 319 320 322 354 365 382 1258 389 398 405 436 449 475 513 575 604 607 661 691 693 748 830 857 861 916 926 927 928 predators 939 1097 1145 1172 1209 1229 1245 1279 1281 1286 122 417 513 605 607 699 760 1261 773 940 961 964 1065 1117 1218 1245 sexual maturity 3 4 30 32 33 34 36 respiration 58 86 92 94 95 97 98 122 151 202 203 205 211 224 19 20 21 22 276 548 549 236 240 267 277 285 301 318 685 778 809 1071 1072 1147 1150 319 320 322 325 326 354 369 382 410 414 475 478 510 513 reviews 5~9 575 604 605 606 607 643 661 674 691 726 748 757 762 57 58 86 277 295 375 513 773 830 849 857 861 886 914 605 982 1104 1189 ll91 1209 916 928 939 941 954 964 966 974 998 1015 1075 1090 1097 1099 salinity tolerance 1100 1101 1105 1119 1126 1131 1140 1145 1172 1182 1191 1209 1229 1268 757 886 1286 1289 1299 Worldwide Bibliography-Subject Index 109 socioeconomy swimming ability 501 867 20 22 23 232 233 290 531 551 605 690 691 692 709 710 711 861 957 983 1072 1100 1147 spawning 1254 1255 11 12 14 15 29 36 58 tagging 68 81 86 122 123 151 185 199 202 203 224 267 277 285 11 12 14 36 86 91 289 290 300 301 313 326 334 178 202 216 228 277 283 325 358 375 399 405 424 475 482 326 382 398 410 413 414 478 510 513 529 574 598 599 600 479 483 546 604 607 661 674 602 604 605 607 621 630 643 681 764 779 819 830 835 840 661 674 704 726 750 762 773 844 849 853 861 912 914 916 779 830 842 849 857 861 905 924 925 926 927 928 936 964 914 916 936 941 951 964 966 965 967 1013 1015 1016 1075 1097 967 1008 1035 1042 1075 1079 1080 1099 1101 1102 1103 1104 1126 1172 1098 1099 1100 1101 1104 1108 1126 1184 1209 1211 1212 1214 1217 1218 1127 1130 1131 1140 1145 1161 1181 1220 1229 1243 1245 1247 1253 1254 1182 1189 1191 1209 1211 1216 1240 1255 1256 1272 1273 1275 1276 1282 1243 1245 1252 1268 1272 1284 1286 1286 1289 1294 1299 1308 taxomony 6 27 79 100 101 103 105 staining 106 107 139 235 275 292 373 406 391 392 491 512 513 604 630 649 650 791 792 810 870 871 981 1031 1088 1090 1098 1131 1138 stock identification 1139 1140 1141 1144

306 483 513 543 669 673 844 temperature tolerances 853 861 866 912 915 925 926 927 998 1099 1168 1269 36 58 122 123 191 247 262 264 267 269 305 314 330 367 541 549 580 592 593 599 604 stocking and transplanting 605 623 630 643 684 685 779 848 854 1147 1150 1189 1286 25 36 54 55 58 86 96 98 99 111 122 133 150 152 territoriality 153 161 205 292 295 296 297 298 299 300 333 349 350 375 36 58 86 87 122 123 313 379 384 385 415 416 422 424 375 513 601 602 604 605 607 443 448 452 455 472 475 479 631 750 824 825 857 1185 1186 491 513 518 525 527 528 530 1191 1209 545 546 560 568 595 607 616 621 629 630 636 638 639 655 trophy grayling 658 703 704 722 750 752 760 45 58 122 208 236 285 322 773 832 838 840 841 842 843 327 353 375 400 402 477 529 844 864 872 881 882 885 895 555 556 749 815 816 817 818 905 908 911 924 925 926 927 819 864 885 970 1014 1078 1226 929 940 941 942 952 928 935 1227 987 999 1000 1097 1099 1100 1127 1173 1174 1175 1183 1189 1247 1248 urine 1249 1251 1254 1256 1258 1259 1260 1261 628 110 Bioi. Pap. Univ. Alaska No. 23

utility value weirs (continued) 663 1103 1105 1182 1183 1209 1211 1212 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 vision 1247 1255 1256 1272 1275 1276 1282 1286 1297 147 874

weight young-of-the-year 30 33 34 36 78 98 122 11 58 81 86 122 123 202 123 126 152 175 185 203 224 224 277 289 290 301 336 408 226 277 285 292 299 319 320 410 483 518 521 529 597 601 322 325 336 369 378 382 397 604 605 607 631 643 661 674 482 484 503 510 513 611 630 691 726 754 779 832 838 854 643 654 661 663 664 726 748 861 914 916 950 951 964 1023 762. 773 846 928 954 1014 1016 1075 1095 1097 1099 1101 1102 1104 1075 1100 1140 1145 1147 1209 1222 1116 1126 1171 1189 1191 1206 1222 1289 1229 1255 1273 1286 weirs zoogeography 68 202 277 290 326 398 408 482 607 638 661 674 691 756 42 133 240 281 282 288 306 757 779 831 842 849 925 926 440 498 617 673 688 810 855 927 928 950 951 1015 1017 1075 870 872 900 1189 1207 1266 BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSESSMENT: FIRST INTERNATIONAL MCSKOX SY:\1POSICM

Three Papers on the Arctic Cisco Edited by David R. Klein, Robert G. White and Sue Keller (Coregonus autumnalis) Of Northern Alaska

Biolog~ea1 Papers of the L: n:versny of Alasb SpeGal Reporr l"o. 4 December 1984 BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THIE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

Number21 December 1983 ISSII051i8-H04 - ADDITIONAL ISSUES OF BIOWGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA Forthcoming in l986-87:

No. 24.

[A review and synthesis of research on anadromous fishes of the Beaufort Sea in Alaska and Canada-provisional title] BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE -- This issue will consist of 8-10 papers on aspects of the UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA biology of arctic anadromous fishes. These include: A review of the life cycle strategy ofanadromy (amphidromy) in the Arctic; Significance of overwintering conditions; Re- sponses by arctic anadromous fishes to barriers to migration; Mathematical modeling of populations under varying harvest regimes; Genetic analyses and stock identities of Elldmllli111- population p!ll1llllll!ler aerial surveys. rr- Arctic cisco; Overview of methodology for impact assess- Williom C. GuaMU]. Stephen D. DrJJois, Daniel J. Reed. IJIId Samwl J. Harbo ments and monitoring of arctic fishes. The efforts by hundreds of person-years of biologists will be distilled in this publication, representing the investment of about $20 mil lion by governments and petroleum companies in arctic ~ ... ~~·•,.,lw'" fisheries research, primarily since the late 1960s. This is to ...... ··~··.ll'· . be the first major, multidisciplinary attempt to place the information from hundreds of unpublished research reports . into the open, peer-reviewed scientific literature .

Back Issues and Inquiries: Address orders and inquiries to: The Editor, Biological Pa DECEMBER 1!116 pers ofthe University ofAlaska, Irving Building, University INS'ITI'VTE OF ARCTIC BIOLOGY ISSN.,..... of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775.

* u.s. Govem-nt Printing Office: 1187-m-205180005 ALASKA TREES AND SHRUBS Leslie A. Viereck and Elbert L. Little, Jr.

1986 Paper ISBN 0-912006-19-6 $12.95 265 pages, 6 x 9, 269 illustrations and maps

Alaska Trees and Shrubs describes and illustrates the native woody plants of the 49th State. This invaluable reference provides information enabling readers to identify the different species, in different seasons, and to learn whether they are native or intro- duced, where they grow, and what their uses are. It is not only a botanist's manual, but belongs also in the library of anyone interested in landscaping with the native plants of the north or, thanks to the numerous and clear illustrations, of anyone who wants to know which tree is which.

Forthcoming Publications

Alaska Sea Week Curriculum Series: Ill. Shells and Insects This unbound; three-hole punched teacher's workbook is the third of Alaska Sea Grant's seven curriculum guides. Although geared for second grade, it has been adapted effectively to preschool, secondary and adult education; both adults and children have found it an enjoyable way to learn about Alaska's nearshore animals. The guide focuses on two groups of aquatic invertebrates, shells and insects, and is full of illustrations and work- sheets for students. The Alaska Exploration History Map Series, 1728-1941 Here for the first time is a concise and comprehensive graphic survey of Alaska's geographic history. The 4-color map set consists of four sheets, each covering a different era of exploration, with captions that explain the significance of the expeditions and give details of these tales of exploration. References are listed on the back of each map.

Our catalogue contains many publications on various northern-related subjects. Topics include Russian-American studies, political biographies, Native studies, contemporary political works, historical translations and oral biographies. Catalogue available upon request.

For more information or to order, call (907)474-6389 or write to: University of Alaska Press Signers' Hall - BP University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-1580 Please include $1.50 per book for postage and handling. Individuals must enclose a check or money order in U.S. funds. Booksellers and institutions will be billed according to our regular trade terms; please include a purchase order number. BIOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

ADVICE TO AUTHORS Biological Papers of the University of Alaska are published occasionally. Authors are encouraged to consider this journal as a forum for publication of original works in any phase of circumpolar arctic or subarctic life sciences. Con- tributions are emphatically welcomed from outside the Uni- versity of Alaska, and need not deal with research in Alaska. Longer works that are monographic, interdisciplinary, synthetic, descriptive, or consist of review treatments of a single topic from several perspectives are especially welcome. The style for a given issue will vary as a function of the subject matter or discipline within biology. Therefore, interested authors and contributors should communicate with the editor as early as possible in the phases of prepari.Q.g manuscripts. The use of outlines for potential subrmssions is helpful in permitting the editor and authors to agree on detailed guidelines for a specific manuscript in advance. Such communication will also generally reduce the delay between manuscript submission and actual publication. All manuscripts are refereed by at least two external re- viewers conversant with appropriate fields of expertise.