The Views of the U.S. Left and Right on Whistleblowers Whistleblowers on Right and U.S

CEU eTD Collection

In partialIn fulfillment ofthe requir The Views of the U.S. Left and Right on Whistleblowers Whistleblowers on Right and U.S. of the Left The Views Department ofInternational Relations and European Studies Supervisor: Professor ErinKristin Jenne Concerning Government Secrets Government Concerning Central European University Budapest Hungary Casey McKenzie Word Count: Submitted to 12,868 ements for the degree Masterof Arts of 2014 By

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Acknowledgments ii

CEU eTD Collection Chapter 3:Edward Snowden AssangeChapter 2:Julian Chapter 1:Chelsea Manning Introduction Table of Contents Acknowledgments Abstract Table ofContents 3.3 “Neither aHero nor a Traitor” 3.2“Treasonous Underachiever?” 3.1“Person of the Year” 2.3 “Assange Drama the King” 2.2 “Why is Assan 2.1 “Why WikiLeaks Matters” 1.4 “First Amendment Protection for a Free Press” 1.3 “Justice for Bradley Manning” 1. 1.1 “The Abuse of Private Manning” Chapter division Limitations Research Design Argume Literature Review 2 “Manning’s Mission”

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CEU eTD Collection Bibliography VIIAppendix :Cit VI:Appendix List ofpolitical usedinsearch newspapers and websites and V:Titles datesAppendix of the IV: Appendix Assange, Descriptive phrasesSnowden toframeManning, and used III: Appendix toframe used Edward Words II: Appendix toframe used Manning Chelsea Words I: Appendix Wo Conclusion 3.4 “What happened theto Fourth Amendment?”

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Mintz Alex and Steven B. Redd, “Framing Effects in International Relations”, Relations”, International “Framing in Redd, Effects B. AlexSteven and Mintz D’Ambrosi Lisa Kimberly and Gross - his paper. left, moderate left,

leaks. The termisconstantly especially whistleblower itself are debated large when there The reactions areobserve important to becauseform they the Thegovernment leaking secretsto the American of Butgovernment. nothing is new , Vol. 25, No. 1, February Vol.2004 25, , In recent history manyand been therehave leakslarge scale whistl 1

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Morehead Dworkin Terry and Melissa S. Baucus, “Internal vs. External Whistleblowers: A comparison of Acomparison Whistleblowers: vs. External “Internal Baucus, MelissaS. and Dworkin Terry Morehead E. Eva and Win Vandekerckhove – right do agree with their moderateright counterparts doagree

‘the left ‘ ‘the left - The of commonthatthere notion American is politics political are twodefinitive

right on the opposite ends oftheright onthepolitical opposite spectrum. Oncertain the issues far tep is that the organization members reacttep isthat the against andpossible retaliation the , Vol. 97, No. December 2010 No. 3, 97, Vol. , 4

(democrats) (democrats) For the of thisstudy sake are looking we reacts at howthemedia to

Journal and ‘the right’

3 Tsahuridu, “Risky Rescue and the Duty to Blow the Whistle”, Whistle”, the Blow the and Dutyto Rescue “Risky Tsahuridu,

of Business Ethics, Ethics, Business of The ofwhistleblowing act as hasa described four been step s theemploy’sassessment ofdeciding howtoproceed: ifin

are rare issues thatseeminglywholearerare political issues throw the

(republicans) 2 Vol. 17, No. 12, September1998 No. 12, Vol. 17,

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CEU eTD Collection 7 6 1996 affairs”, international and domestic 5 bending towa and actually thandifferences. similarities share sometimes It why more explain are does they the horseshoe showhowopposite one extremeparties does toward another theory dobend represents central theidea ofthe partiesextremes at at curving the topandthe bottom another. one toward The horseshoe spectrum anotherresulting one horseshoe bend towards inawiththe more shape, moderate having thandifferences. similarities simi As these more that asget theparties the extremeand theparties political more down axes further start theorytheory centrist/with his extremist in addition Daniel BellAmerican contributed an tothe developm political scientist First thinkerFrench Jean coined by the andperhap is whistleblowinggovernment concerning one not secrets ofthose is times. there are far that disagreecore way. issues insome are withthefactions These categorized as the usually left/right this that lies within model is values.issues essentially Theserespective the core forwing. form eachproblem political The restrictionsactivity, ineconomic reductions, family tax strongmilitary,and traditional ofconservativeconsists around issue ideologies, they include affluent),and theequality different classes,gender.of those of races, or

Danie Faye, Pierre Jean Holsti Ole R. and James N. Rosenau, “Liberals, Populists, Libertarians, and Conservatives: The link between link between The Conservatives: and Libertarians, Populists, “Liberals, Rosenau, N. James R.and Ole Holsti - left and thefar left

l Bell, One exampleofaspectrum that political doesdeviatefrom traditionalspectrum this times thetimes far

The New American Right New American The s a better description ofwhata isthe better like “horseshoe looks the description spectrum s theory”. rd one anotherrd oneconcerning ontheissueofgovernment whistleblowing secrets. Le Siecle des Ideologies des Siecle Le -

right, forends theyofthe occupy theopposite political spectrum. While - right andfarright

International Political Science Review Journal Review Science Political International

ist parties are parties. partiesist against While seemingly theextremist , New York, Criterion, 1955 ,NewCriterion, York, - left do agree with their doagree ownpolitical wing,caseleft with the of , Armand Colin, 1996 ArmandColin, , 1996

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Author/ Point of Article View Appendix I:Words toused frame Julian Assange

Enemycombatant Dangerous NuisancePublic Self Entertaining Coward Fugitive Thug Hacker Creep BratSpoiled Immature Enemy America of No Journalist High Juvenile Hypocritical Smarmy Arrogant Nihilist Good or Evil? Hero or Villain Hero/Heroic Not a Terrorist Malcontent Nefarious Irresponsible Delusional Grandiose Hunted Cunning Criminal Mainstream Uncompromisi Hactivist Paranoid/Paranoia Phenomena International Journalist Unclubbable Cyberactivist Whistleblower Descriptive Words - Important -

tech Terrorist tech

ng ?

Far - 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Left

M oderate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- Left

Moderate 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 2

- Right

Far - Right 1 1 1 3 1 2

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Opposing Opposing Views

Terrorists Treasonous Sloppy Obsessed Enemy the State of Hero/Heroic Martyr No Journalist Callous Damaged Enemycombatant High Paranoid/Paranoia Founders Self Narcissistic Provocateur BadBoy Annoying Terrorist Enemycombatant Despised Misunderstood Internet Activist Brag Self Noble Peace Prize First Amendment Megalomania Solipsism Anti Reckless

- - - Serving Congratulatory - American tech Terrorist tech

Pest

1 1 1 1 1 4 2

4 1 1 2 1 1

3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2

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Appendix II: Words frame usedto Chelsea Manning

Opposing Opposing

Author/ Point of Article View Views

Whistleblower Criminal Traitor Leaker Good Guy Spy Martyr Well Naïve Dishonest Traitor Criminal No Whistleblower Angry Gay Dangerous Clown Malicious Narcissist AmendmentFirst Foreigner No Hero Anarchist Heroic Whi Victim Naïfs Idealist Victim Geeky Gay Leaker Traitor Mainstream Just a Man Courageous/Courage Moral Scapegoat Brave Not aFelon Model Solider Patriot Hero/Heroic Whistleblower Young Descriptive Words

intentioned

stleblower

Far - 10 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 5 3 1 1 Lef

Moderate 1 1 6 1 1 5 6 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

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Moderate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1

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Far - Right 1 3 1 2 2 1 2

CEU eTD Collection Appendix III: Words used to frame Ed

Author/ Point of Article View

Hacker Underachiever Undereducated Naïve Fool Dim Brazen Bold Founding Fathers Defector Treason Per Troublemaker Gutless Nationalist Hero Martyr Patriotic Nationalist Narcissist Egoist Spy Refugee Weasel Scoundrel Traitor Founders Mainstream AmendmentFirst Framers Fourth Amendment Not atraitor High Dropout School Leaker Renegade Moral Brave Cou Eloquent Integrity Hero Young Boyish National Hero Whistleblower Descriptive Words son of Yearthe

rage/Courageous -

whitted

Far 11 17 - 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 Left

ward Snowdenward Moderate 11 1 4 3 3 2 9 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 3

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Moderate

18 5 1 4 5 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 9 2 1

Right

Far - 16 11 23 Right 2 1 1 9 3 3 2 1

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Egocentric Spy Alienated Oddball Villainy Loose Leaker Hero Narcissist High Dropout School Traitor Whistleblower Insufferable Fugit Loser Good Noble Enemy Dishonorable Scared Smart Individualist Techy Benedict Arnold ReverePaul P Lunkhead Candid Not fanatic Rock Star Criminal Treasonous No body Coward/cowardly Underhanded Treacherous Self Amateurist Fugitive atrick Henry

- destructive

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Manning

Assange Appendix IV: Descriptive phrases usedto frame Assange, Manning, and Snowden

moral culpability* an not enemy combatant truth principled whistleblower and gayveteran and whistleblower Nobel Peace Pri Freedomof deserves the Presidential Medal fearless fighter for transparency

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Far ze - Left –

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DescriptivePhrases -

Left

- freak

executioner to attack America acted as judge, jury and whistleblowe neither a hero nor a media's invisible man narcissistic hothouse flowers troubled youngman~ an important whistle Scarlet Pimpernel of cyberspace so intern super immature, arrogant man world the least interesting man the in is just another pathetic figure international man mystery of heartless ideologue that blond beast cyber equivalent of a pirate comfor Noam Chomsky a knackwith

- called libertariancalled

ational left whistle Moderate puters puters r -

blower ofblower the

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Ruby Neither hero villainnor Hero or Educated Numbskull crusading journalist Jackie Rodgers LookJr. alike

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Snowden

* opposing view Hood* cross Anti he unpatriotic or a patriot he is a narcissist moral clarity a courageous whistleblower ~ world more idealistic than most man principle of looks lot a like the boy portrayed as atraitor Evil Human being* guyfall andscapegoat* criminal recklessness*

- - social misfit*social - dressing Littledressing Red Riding class class truth

- or ahero

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next door

self intelligence geek oridiot hero well troubled youngman Opinionated atheist Not amartyr

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Troubled soul battlethe of ideas self dreamy patriot * he is not, they say, atraitor a but reluctant champion* group first”, selfish and self what has been determined a “me a poster boy for a generation of delusions grandeur of intelligence man without a country common criminal self treason and high crimes digital sympathetic figure guilty treason of metadata mega thorny problem self political zealot

- - - anointed special forces in serving styled whistleblower

- era Diogenesera - eyed idealist* eyed

leaking

leaker

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death row* narcissistic traitor who belongs on prison*be in a grandiose narcissist who deserves to grocery bagger* no Daniel Ellsberg* slacker*total cross half all the - hearted Patriot - dressing Littledressing Red Riding Hood*

qualifications to become a

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World* the Most Interesting Man in the

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