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Biosocial Worlds CULTURE AND HEALTH Series Editors A. David Napier and Anna-Maria Volkmann Culture and Health explores a wide range of subjects that cross disciplinary borders, exploring the contexts – social, cultural, psychological, environmental and political – in which health and wellbeing are created and sustained. Focusing on new and emerging challenges in health-related fields, the series is an engaging and reliable resource for researchers, policymakers and general readers committed to understanding the complex drivers of health and illness. A. David Napier is Professor of Medical Anthropology, UCL, and Director of UCL’s Science, Medicine and Society Network. Anna-Maria Volkmann is a medical anthropologist and health psychologist, and the UCL Research Lead for the Cities Changing Diabetes programme. Biosocial Worlds Anthropology of health environments beyond determinism Edited by Jens Seeberg, Andreas Roepstorff and Lotte Meinert First published in 2020 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Collection © Editors, 2020 Text © Contributors, 2020 Images © Contributors and copyright holders named in captions, 2020 The authors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Seeberg, J., Roepstorff, A. and Meinert, L. (eds). 2020. Biosocial Worlds: Anthropology of health environments beyond determinism. London: UCL Press. https://doi.org/ 10.14324/111.9781787358232 Further details about Creative Commons licences are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons licence unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. If you would like to reuse any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons licence, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-1-78735-825-6 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-824-9 (Pbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-823-2 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-78735-826-3 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-78735-827-0 (mobi) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787358232 Contents List of figures vii Notes on contributors viii Introduction 1 Jens Seeberg, Andreas Roepstorff and Lotte Meinert 1. Permeable Bodies and Environmental Delineation 15 Margaret Lock 2. Situating Biologies: Studying Human Differentiation as Material- Semiotic Practice 44 Jörg Niewöhner 3. Pig–Human Relations in Neonatology: Knowing and Unknowing in a Multi-Species Collaborative 69 Mette N. Svendsen 4. Anthropology’s End to Biodeterminism: A New Sociobiology 91 A. David Napier 5. Tribes without Rulers: Bacteria Life in the Human Holobiont 109 Allan Young 6. Biosocial Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Bacterial Perspective 124 Jens Seeberg 7. When Sickness Comes in Multiples: Co-morbidity in Botswana 146 Julie Livingston 8. Legacies of Violence: The Communicability of Spirits and Trauma in Northern Uganda 168 Lotte Meinert and Susan Reynolds Whyte v 9. Extinction and Time amid Climate Change or What is a Horizon? 191 Adriana Petryna Afterword: Getting Closer? 210 Anna Tsing Index 215 vi CONTENTS List of figures Figure 1.1 ‘The Epigenetic Landscape’. Source: Wad- dington, C. H. 1966. Principles of Development and Differentiation. New York and London: Macmillan. Wellcome Collection. CC BY-NC 4.0. 24 Figure 4.1 ‘Expression of Arrest’. Source: GollgGForce. CC BY 2.0. 99 Figure 4.2 Examples of challenges to diabetes care across policy domains. Provided by the author. 101 Figure 4.3 Variability of preferred body size. Source: Chukwunonso, E. E. 2015. ‘Body shape dissatisfaction is a “normative discontent” in a young-adult Nigerian population: A study of prevalence and effects on health- related quality of life’, Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 5 (4, Supplement 1): S19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jegh.2015.07.003. CC BY NC-ND 4.0. 104 Figure 4.4 The ‘rule of have-nots’. Provided by the author. 105 Figure 6.1 Trends for notified TB and MDR/RR-TB cases in India. Data source: http://www.who.int/tb/data. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 131 Figure 9.1 Transformation of a puffer fish into an ocean sunfish (mola mola). Source: On Growth and Form (Thompson 1917). 196 Figure 9.2 ‘The Epigenetic Landscape’. Source: Waddington, C. H. 1966. Principles of Devel- opment and Differentiation. New York and London: Macmillan. Wellcome Collection. CC BY-NC 4.0. 197 vii Notes on contributors Julie Livingston is Silver Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis and of History at New York University. She is interested in the body as a moral condition and mode of experience, and taxonomies and the relations that challenge them. Her most recent projects include Self- Devouring Growth: A planetary parable as told from Southern Africa, and Collateral Afterworlds (co-edited with Zoë Wool), a special issue of Social Text. The recipient of numerous awards, in 2013 she was named a MacArthur Fellow. Margaret Lock is Professor Emerita in the Departments of Anthropology and Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University. Her research focuses on embodiment, epistemologies of medical knowledge, and the global impact of biomedical technologies. She is the author and/or co-editor of 18 books and over 220 articles. Lock is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Officier de L’Ordre national du Québec, Officer of the Order of Canada, and a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Lotte Meinert is Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Aar- hus University. She is the author of Hopes in Friction: Schooling, health, and everyday life in Uganda (Information Age Publishing, 2009), and the co-editor of In the Event: Toward an anthropology of generic moments (Berghahn, 2015), Ethnographies of Youth and Temporality: Time objecti- fied (Temple University Press, 2014), and Time Work: Studies of temporal agency (Berghahn, 2020). Meinert’s current research focuses on mar- riage, ageing, morality, trauma and time. David Napier is Professor of Medical Anthropology at University College London and Director of its Science, Medicine and Society Network. He is a founding partner of Cities Changing Diabetes and its Global Academic Lead. Napier has co-authored three UCL–Lancet Commissions, leading the 2014 Lancet Commission on Culture and Health. For his activities with more than 100 charities, he was awarded the first Beacon Fellow- ship in Public Engagement. He is also the recipient of the Burma Coali- tion’s Human Rights Award. viii Jörg Niewöhner is currently a Professor of Social Anthropology and Human–Environment Relations at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, where he also serves as the Director of the Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human–Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Over the last 20 years, his ethnographic research has addressed the entanglement of social and ecological thought and practice in health and medicine, and global environmental change and sustainability with a particular focus on questions of knowledge and infrastructure. Adriana Petryna is the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Term Professor in Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. Her work probes expert knowledge and collective survival in crisis contexts, including in the aftermath of nuclear disaster and global health. Her book-in-progress, What is a Horizon? Abrupt climate change and human futures, examines abrupt environmental shifts and challenges of emergency response, par- ticularly to wildfires. She was a Faculty Fellow at Princeton University’s Center for Human Values and is a recent Guggenheim Fellow. Jens Seeberg is Professor of Anthropology at Aarhus University. His research explores the biosocial dynamics of the development, spread and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in India, and antimi- crobial resistance more broadly. He is currently leading an exploration of biotic socialities in a project on ‘people, pigs and bacteria’ in a rural community in Denmark. He has published on TB, inequity in health, pri- vate healthcare and medical systems in India. At present, he is writing a monograph entitled Resistances of Tuberculosis, on the biosocial dynamics of patients, TB bacteria and health providers in India. Mette N. Svendsen is Professor of Medical Anthropology in the Cen- tre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. Her research explores ethical and existential dimensions of medical science and technology. She takes a particular interest in how life is perceived and administered in the inter- face between the laboratory, the clinic, and the public. Anna Tsing is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the Uni- versity of California, Santa Cruz. She is co-curator of Feral Atlas: The more-than-human Anthropocene (Stanford University Press, to appear NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix in 2020 at https://www.feralatlas.org). She has written and co-edited several books, including Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet (University of Minnesota Press) and The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the possibility of life in capitalist ruins (Princeton University Press). Susan Reynolds Whyte is Professor at the Department of Anthropol- ogy, University of Copenhagen. She carries out research in East Africa on social efforts to secure wellbeing in the face of poverty, disease, conflict, and rapid change. She uses concepts of pragmatism, uncertainty, and temporality to examine relationships between people, institutions, ideas, and things. Her publications deal with the management of misfortune, changing healthcare systems, disability and culture, social lives of med- icines, legacies of violence, and the response to HIV and other chronic conditions.