Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized

Report No. 13888-IN

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

INDIA Public Disclosure Authorized

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

APRIL 26, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized

Agriculture and Water Operations Division Country Department II

Public Disclosure Authorized South Asia Region CURRENCY EOUIVALENTS

US$ 1 = Rupees (Rs) 31.4 (December 1994)

FISCAL YEAR

GOI, State - April 1 to March 31

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

The metric system is used throughout the report

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Assam Agro-Industries Development Corporation Assam Council for Technology, Science and Environment Agricultural Development Project Agricultural Extension Officer Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department Artificial Insemination Agricultural Production Commissioner Assam State Agricultural University Assam Seed Corporation Assam State Electricity Board Agricultural Strategy Paper Assam State Seed Certification Agency Country Assistance Strategy Central Ground Water Board Department of Agriculture District Rural Development Agency Deep Tube Wells Economic Rate of Return Fish Farmers Development Agency Field Management Committee Farming Systems Research Field Trial Station Gross Domestic Product Government of Assam Government of India Government of Tamil Nadu Gaon Panchayat Samabay Samathi High Yielding Varieties Indian Council for Agricultural Research International Competitive Bidding Intensive Cattle Development Project Irrigation Department Integrated Rural Development Project Million Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture Memorandum of Understanding MTR Mid-Term Review NAEP National Agricultural Extension Project NCB National Competitive Bidding NEC North East Council NGO Non Government Organization NPW Net Present Worth PCC Project Coordination Committee PD Project Director PGC Project Guidance Committee PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Policy Matrix PWD Public Works Department RGVN Rashtriya Grameen Vikas Nidhi RIASP Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project Rs Rupees SMS Subject Matter specialist SOE Statement of Expenditure STATFED Assam State Cooperative Marketing and Consumers' Federation Limited STW Shallow Tube Well T&V Training and Visit VIA Village Livestock Agencies VLEW Village Level Extension Worker WUA Water Users Association

GLOSSARY

KHARIF Monsoon season RABI Drier, winter season SALI Post winter season Beel Large body of water

The report is based on the findings of IBRD/IDA Appraisal mission which visited the project area October/November 1994. The mission consisted of Messrs. G. Mukami (Task manager), E. Betubiza, A. Venkataraman, K. Venkataraman, C. Nawathe, R. Zweig (Bank); K. Deveraj, G. Kaushik, K. Palanisami (Consultants). Assistance was also provided by Peer Reviewers: Messrs. M. Macklin, S. Oliver and W. Price. The report is endorsed by Mr. H. Vergin, Director, SA2 and Mr. S. Barghouti, Division Chief, SA2AW.

INDIA

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Table of Contents

CREDIT AND PROJECT SUMMARY

I. BACKGROUND ...... 1 The Economy and Agriculture of India ...... 1 Major Issues Affecting Agricultural Performance ...... 2 The GOI's Agricultural Strategy ...... 2 The State of Assam ...... 3 Agriculture in Assam: Constraints and Potential ...... 3 The Bank's Approach to Agriculture in Assam ...... 5 World Bank Support ...... 5 Lessons from Previous Bank Involvement ...... 6 Rationale for Bank Involvement. 6

II. THE PROJECT ...... 7 Project Origin and Concept ...... 7 Project Objectives ...... 7 Project Description ...... 8 Detailed Features of Investment Proposals ...... 10 Project Costs and Financing ...... 16 Procurement ...... 18 Retroactive Financing and Special Account ...... 21 Accounts and Audit ...... 21

III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...... 22 Project Management Approach ...... 22 Beneficiary and NGO Participation ...... 23 Project Organization and Management ...... 24 Planning Procedure ...... 27 Budgeting ...... 27 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 28 Reporting, Mid-Term Review, and Project Implementation Report . . . 28 Project Supervision ...... 29

IV. PROJECT BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION .29 Economic Analysis .31 Environmental Impact .33 Impact on Women ...... 33 Cost Recovery .34 Sustainability .35 Risks .35

V. AGREEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 36 LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1: General Features of Assam

Annex 2: GOA Policy Letter and Matrix

Annex 3: Rural Roads Attachment 1--Terms of Reference for Consultants for Contract Supervision Attachment 2--Terms of Reference for Technical Assistance for Planning and Detailed Engineering Attachment 3--Criteria for Ranking Rural Roads

Annex 4: Studies Attachment 1--Terms of Reference for Soils and Water Management Study Attachment 2--Terms of Reference for Marketing of High-Value Crops Study

Annex 5: Cost Tables Table 1--Components Project Cost Summary Table 2--Project Components by Year--Base Costs Table 3--Project Components by Year--Total including Contingencies Table 4--Expenditure Accounts Project Cost Summary Table 5--Expenditure Accounts by Components--Base Costs Table 6--Expenditure Accounts by Components--Totals including Contingencies Detailed Cost Tables (8)

Annex 6: Disbursement Schedule

Annex 7: Proiect ManaQement Attachment 1--GOA Administrative Arrangement Attachment 2--Proposed Organization Chart

Anniex 8: Beneficiary and NGO Participation Attachment 1--Indicative List of Activities/Issues to be Addressed in Consultative Planning Attachment 2--List of Active NGOs in Assam Attachment 3--Proposed Areas Where NGOs Could Assist in Project Implementation Attachment 4--Selection Criteria for NGOs Participating in the Project

Annex 9: Irriaation Desicqn and Implementation Attachment 1--Simplified Procedures/Guidelines for Undertaking Rapid Feasibility Studies Appropriate for the Development of Shallow Tube Wells Attachment 2--Selection Criteria and Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Deep Tube Wells (DTWs) and River Pumping Schemes (RPS) Attachment 3--Handing-Over Procedures for Rehabilitated DTWs and RPSs to Water Users Associations Attachment 4--Selection Criteria and Guidelines for Establishing Pilot Tank Irrigation Systems Attachment 5--Frameworks, Policies, Strategies, and Approaches for the Farmer Participation Program

Annex 10: Job Description for Women's Development Officer

Annex 11: Economic and Financial Analysis

Annex 12: Development Blocks Covered by the Project

Annex 13: Implementation Arrangements for Individual Components

Annex 14: Implementation Plan

Annex 15: Schedule of Project Supervision

Annex 16: Monitorable Indicators of Project Objectives

Annex 17: Procedures and Guidelines for Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Annex 18: Environmental Analysis

Annex 19: Documents Available in Project File

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

CREDIT AND PROJECT SUMMARY

Borrower: India, Acting by its President

Executing Agency: Government of Assam (GOA) through the Departments of Agriculture, Public Works, Fisheries, Irrigation, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, and Assam State Agricultural University.

Amount: IDA Credit of SDR 81.0 million (US$126.0 million equivalent).

Terms: Standard with 35 years maturity.

On-lending Terms: Government of India (GOI) would make the proceeds of the credit available to GOA under its prevailing terms and conditions. GOI would assume the foreign exchange risk.

Poverty Categorv: Program of Targeted Interventions. The project aims to benefit the poorest section of the rural population in the State of Assam by offering better income enhancement opportunities to poorer farmers, and particularly to women, and to improve their nutritional status. The project contains specific mechanisms for targeting these groups. The project also incorporates specific measures to ensure beneficiaries' participation in the selection of location and implementation of activities supported under the project.

Project Obiectives: The primary objectives of the project would be to (a) improve equity and alleviate poverty by offering better opportunities for poorer farmers and women to contribute to agricultural growth and income generation; (b) improve the nutrition of the rural poor; (c) accelerate agricultural growth through improved use of resources, relieving infrastructural and technical constraints, and providing an enabling environment to facilitate the growth of private sector investments; (d) encourage sustainability of resource use and quality of the environment; and (e) improve the GOA's long-term capacity for strategic agricultural planning. An attempt would be made to balance its policy reform objectives with poverty alleviation goals through careful targeting of beneficiaries. -ll-

Proiect DescriDtion: The project is intended to benefit the poorest segments of the rural population. To achieve this objective, the project would support: (a) the Department of Agriculture's work program, including the extension services for horticulture, fisheries, and livestock to poor rural communities aimed at increasing their production; (b) institutional development (technology generation and extension, seed multiplication and land administration, and planning and coordination); and (c) rural infrastructure (small scale irrigation and rural roads). Project components would also include a number of studies considered necessary for improving the use of natural resources (soil and water management) and the marketing of highly perishable horticultural products. The proposed project would be implemented in eight years starting in 1995/96 and would include a package of state-specific policy reforms agreed to by the Bank and formally approved by the GOA.

Risks: The project faces four major risks:

Fundinct. Poor budgetary support could slow down implementation. To minimize the risk, the GOA would submit an annual budget and commit itself to improve cost recovery and establish adequate financial control measures that would be monitored during project implementation. Funding needed for O&M would be the responsibility of the beneficiaries. Pace of implementation, quality of construction, and delivery of services would be monitored by local NGOs and reported to concerned agencies every six months.

Policy Reform and Commitment. Timely and effective implementation and adherence by the GOA to the agreed policy reforms are crucial to the success of the project. To minimize the risk, tangible proof of readiness to implement the reforms has already been demonstrated in the preparation of the state agricultural strategy paper and the steps already taken to implement the items described in the policy matrix. Implementation of policy reforms would be reflected in the GOA's annual work plans and budgets for Bank review. There would be close Bank supervision to ensure that dated covenants associated with the reforms are met. Despite the built-in safeguard*, however, implementation -iii- of policy reform could be delayed or even modified due to political events. General elections will be held in 1996, and the political scenario in the country is changing fast. Announcements of populistic measures involving hand-outs from public funds are increasing markedly. It would be unrealistic to expect that Assam would not be influenced by this political trend.

Institutional Capacity. The success of the project depends on active participation of local and national NGOs. There is the risk that such participation may be slow to materialize, and government bureaucracy may delay the transfer of new assets to the farming communities. Also, institutional weakness could pose risks for project implementation. Quality of works (construction and maintenance of rural roads) could suffer from inadequate staffing, supervision, and standard enforcement. To enhance quality of construction, the project would provide technical assistance to train and motivate staff.

Securit . The security situation in Assam may delay field visits, implementation, and timely supervision and monitoring. Project activities and investment programs would be restricted to areas where security problems are minimal. Active involvement of beneficiaries (FMCs, WUA, etc) in the decision-making process and their ownership of the project should reduce the security risk.

With GOA's commitment and demonstrated support, and with built-in safeguards for sustaining operations, the project has a chance of succeeding. - LV-

Estimated Prolect Costs

COMPONENTS Local Foreign Total

----- (US$ M).------POVERTY ALLEVIATION 22.7 1.4 24.1 Horticulture 2.5 0.2 2.7 Fisheries 8.2 0.7 8.9 Livestock Development 12.0 0.5 12.5

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21.7 1.3 23.0 Technology Generation 2.6 0.2 2.8 Education and Training 2.4 0.1 2.5 Extension Service 10.4 0.4 10.8 Seed Multiplication 0.2 0.0 0.2 Land Administration 6.1 0.6 6.7

INFRASTRUCTURE 69.1 5.6 74.7 Irrigation 15.3 0.8 16.1 Rural Roads 53.8 4.8 58.6

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 2.2 0.0 2.2

TOTAL BASE COSTS 115.7 8.3 124.0 Physical Contingency 12.4 1.0 13.4 Price Contingency 8.4 0.8 9.2

TOTAL PROJECT COSTS '/ 136.5 10.1 146.6

Financing Plan: Local Foreign Total

------(US$ M.---______IDA 115.9 10.1 126.0 Government of Assam and Beneficiaries 20.6 0.0 20.6

Total 136.5 10.1 146.6

Estimated Disbursements: (US$ million) FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FYOO FY01 FY02 FY03

Annual 12.6 16.4 18.9 17.7 17.6 17.6 15.1 10.1 Cumulative 12.6 29.0 47.9 65.6 83.2 100.8 115.9 126.0

Economic Rate of Return: 24%

'/ including taxes and duties amounting to US$ 7.3 million I. BACKGROUND

The Economy and Agriculture of India

1.1 In 1991 the Government of India (GOI) started to liberalize the country's economy with a reform program focused on the investment regime, trade policies, financial sector, public enterprises, and taxation. The economy has responded positively to the stabilization and reform measures implemented, but macroeconomic stress brought about by the reform program poses new challenges for policy. Growth recovered from 2% per year, in 1991/92 to around 4% per year in 1993/94. Details of the macroeconomic performance are described in the Bank Report "Recent Economic Developments and Prospects for India (Report No. 12940-IN)" of May 27, 1994.

1.2 Agricultural growth has averaged 2.6% per annum over the last two decades, slightly above the population growth rate of 2.1%. Despite comparatively modest growth, agriculture remains important to the Indian economy. Though agriculture's share of GDP is only about 35%, a large percentage of India's population of 880 million is dependent on the sector. About 75% of India's people live in rural areas, and about 64% are directly employed in agriculture.

1.3 Though the performance of the agricultural sector has improved over the same period (for example, through increased exports), there remain long- standing issues facing the development of agriculture in India. Without broad-ranging reforms, the prospects for accelerated, sustainable, and equitable growth are not encouraging. Some contributing factors for the inadequate performance of the agricultural sector, some of which were brought out in the Bank's recent public expenditure review, include excessive expenditures for subsidies on inputs and outputs, low levels of cost recovery for services provided by government, restrictions on both domestic and external trade, and the weak structure of the rural credit system.

1.4 Public expenditures on agriculture have been increasing at about 5% per year in real terms, with the recurrent component increasing at about 8% and the capital formation component declining by about 2%. These trends, evident at both the central and the state level, are unsustainable and have become worse over the past five years. The challenge for the future is to accelerate growth by improving the technical, financial, and economic efficiencies in the sector while paying greater attention to the equity aspects of development, the sustainability of the production base, and the preservation of the environment.

1.5 Although public expenditures have been instrumental in facilitating agricultural growth, Indian agriculture is at a critical stage. Gains in the agricultural sector have not been sufficiently large to alleviate poverty among the growing population. The challenge is to increase the growth rate of production to support population growth and raise living standards. This requires a critical reevaluation of the composition of public expenditure and the efficiency of allocation. -2-

Maior Issues Affectinc Acricultural Performance

1.6 Inadeauate Economic Liberalization. The incomplete liberalization of the trade regime, in particular for consumer goods, continues to discriminate against agriculture by depressing farmers' incentives to invest and produce. Within agriculture, government price controls, market interventions, and trade regulations restrict growth opportunities.

1.7 Central and State government. Although the broad economic environment is under the control of the central government, the constitution assigns responsibility for agriculture to the states. The central government finances about 40% of agricultural expenditure at the state level but does not influence the composition of the states' public expenditures. As a result of this shared responsibility, any reform process becomes difficult to implement.

1.8 Sustainabilitv Effects. Distortions in the incentive structure and management weakness not only reduce growth but also threaten its long-term sustainability. The two main issues are (a) over-exploitation and inefficient use of the natural resource base induced by pricing distortions, such as underpricing of water and power, and (b) poor operation and maintenance of irrigation and other infrastructure.

1.9 Major land and water resources in India have been developed and utilized. Future growth must depend largely on intensified production (on both irrigated and rainfed land), crop diversification and increased efficiency.

The GOI's Agricultural Strateov

1.10 The GOI's long-term strategy is to stimulate agricultural growth and promote rural development through improved water and land management, enhanced efficiency of irrigation and drainage networks, strengthened research services, increased attention to environmental protection, and improved rural infrastructure. Investment programs to address these elements and to reestablish growth are assigned a high priority in the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992/97) of the GOI and state governments. The Plan also emphasizes equitable distribution of the benefits of growth and sustainability of the resource base.

1.11 According to the Plan, increasing public support for agriculture would focus on horticulture, livestock, fisheries, and sericulture. The plan aims at infusing new dynamism through redirecting public investments in infrastructural development and promoting private investment in the agricultural sector. The Plan gives priority to improving rainfed agriculture through diversification, creating incentives for exports, increasing the role of the private sector, enhancing the effectiveness of the safety net programs, and using natural resources in a sustainable manner. -3-

The State of Assam

1.12 Assam, the largest of seven northeastern states, is among the poorest in the country. About 60% of the rural population have incomes below the official poverty line of Rs 7,800 (US$240) per household per year. The State covers an area of 78,000 sq km, of which 34,000 sq km (44%) are cultivable; the remainder is under forest or uncultivable. The State mainly comprises the valley of the Brahmaputra River, stretching from the Himalayan foothills in the northeast to its entry into Bangladesh in the southwest. There are three main regions: the flat, rice-dominated valley bottom; the foothill areas, which to the north and east are largely under tea cultivation; and the less prosperous, hilly tracts to the south bordering the states of Meghalaya and Nagaland.

1.13 The population of Assam is estimated at 22.3 million, with a growth rate of 3.6% per year, compared to 2.7% for all India. The most striking feature is the growing unemployment among educated youths, estimated at almost 60%. Even for those with steady incomes from employment, wages have been declining in real terms over the last 20 years. Minimum wages in Assam average Rs 15 per day compared with Rs 23 to 25 per day in other states such as Haryana, Punjab, and Manipur.

Agriculture in Assam: Constraints and Potential

1.14 Rainfall in Assam averages over 2,000 mm per year, permitting double-cropping in many areas. The state suffers from frequent floods, soil erosion, and low cropping intensity. Surface and groundwater resources are abundant but have not been exploited fully. Despite good water resources, the average yield of rice, the dominant crop, is only 1,150 kg per hectare, well below the national average of 1,500 kg per ha. Where irrigation facilities exist, higher yields can and are being obtained from the dry season rice crop. There is considerable potential for agricultural growth by increasing cropping intensity, raising rice yields, and diversifying into higher-value activities such as horticulture, fisheries, and dairy production.

1.15 Issues affecting agricultural growth in the state include:

(a) poorly developed input supply services;

(b) inadequacy of groundwater development;

(c) poorly developed rural infrastructure (e.g., rural roads, marketing, electrification, and communications);

(d) problems of flood management and drainage in flood-prone areas; and

(e) failure to tailor agricultural research and technology transfer to local conditions. -4-

1.16 The poor performance of the agricultural sector in the State is partly caused by a low level of fertilizer use, poor quality seed, inadequate use of conjunctive irrigation with high rainfall, small and fragmented land holdings, absence of rural credit, and deficiencies in research and extension services. Government policies have traditionally promoted public sector control of input distribution, reduce direct public expenditure for capital formation in the agricultural sector, restrict private sector involvement in the provision of essential goods and services, subsidize inefficient public corporations, and distort competition. Resources for operation and maintenance of public infrastructure, including irrigation and drainage, rural roads, and power generating units, have routinely been inadequate.

1.17 Intensification and diversification of agriculture are essential for accelerating growth in Assam. This shift requires a strategic approach to increase productivity and minimize crop losses that distributes risk and encourages small farmers to respond to changes in market and production technology. The average farm size of 1.3 hectares is the smallest in the country and declining. These small land holdings are fragmented further into 3 to 4 parcels, making them uneconomic units to support the average family of five. Land consolidation should encourage intensification of agriculture in the large flood-free areas, on the recharged aquifers, in perennial streams and rivulets, and in the vast low-lying areas with adequate residual moisture to raise early-maturing second crops. Successful intensification would require revamped agricultural research and extension services, staff training, infrastructure development, and a supportive policy environment.

1.18 In the period 1984/94 rice production in the state increased by an average of 4t annually, partly due to area expansion (from 2.3 to 2.5 million hectares) and yield improvement (from 990 to 1,150 kg per hectare). The potential for further area expansion is almost exhausted. Small farmers could achieve this target if the research and extension service could speed the adoption of (a) high-yielding varieties of rice for the spring (Ahu) and summer (Boro) seasons, (b) improved early-maturing varieties of oilseeds and pulses suited for limited moisture stress conditions, and (c) efficient use of fertilizers. If small farmers in Assam increased cropping intensity by 10 to 15% annually, Assam's food production would double during the next 10 years.

1.19 The GOA recently formulated an agricultural strategy to foster growth and development. The strategy includes policy adjustment and targets small and poor farming communities to (a) develop area-specific assets and infrastructure required to support productive and sustainable farming systems; (b) plan and execute relevant research, extension, and training programs for accelerated agricultural growth, and (c) create a favorable policy and investment framework and an enabling environment for active private sector participation.

1.20 The GOA has succeeded in enlisting the support of the World Food Program, local and national NGOs, and other bilateral agencies to implement this strategy. This collaboration has already resulted in several small-scale -5- projects for fish production, livestock improvement, groundwater development, and road construction in rural India. Further resources will be needed to expand these development activities.

The Bank's ADnroach to Aariculture in Assam

1.21 The Bank's current approach to agriculture is to assist the GOA in (a) expanding successful development experiences to poor communities, (b) intensifying the use both human capital and natural resources; (c) improving the management of its resources through policy reforms and institutional development; and (d) redressing inequities.

World Bank SuDDort

1.22 The Bank has supported agriculture and rural development in India since the early 1950s. One hundred thirty-three projects have received IBRD or IDA financing totaling US$10.6 billion equivalent (81% IDA and 19% IBRD). Of these projects, 53 were for irrigation and command area development (US$5.2 billion equivalent, or 50% of total agricultural lending). The remaining 80 projects can be subdivided as follows: (a) 34 for agricultural support services (credit, research, and extension), at US$2.3 billion equivalent; (b) 24 for commercial agriculture development (fisheries, livestock, tree crops, and agro-industry), at US$1.6 billion equivalent; (c) 12 for forestry, at US$500 million equivalent; and (d) 10 other projects including area development, drought assistance, and cyclone emergency projects, at US$950 million equivalent.

1.23 In policy reform and lending for agriculture, the Bank has supported two agricultural development projects (ADPs) in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan whose implementation has been satisfactory. The Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) has eliminated subsidies for agricultural inputs including seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. The Government of Rajasthan has increased expenditure for long-term investment in agriculture by 20% and streamlined its recurrent expenditure, and removed several distortions in its current agricultural policies.

1.24 The Bank Group has also supported an ADP (Cr.728-IN) with an amount of US$8.0 million for Assam alone as well as 12 other projects, which Assam participated along with other states, for a total credit and loan amount equivalent to US$2.2 billion. Although the proposed project is similar to the earlier ADP, the earlier ADP lacked policy reforms. The other projects include four Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation Credit Projects (Cr. 540-IN, 715-IN, 947-IN, and 1209-IN and Ln. 2095-IN), two National Dairy Projects (Cr. 824-IN and 859-IN and Ln. 2893-IN), two National Agricultural Research Projects (Cr. 855-IN and 1631-IN), the National Agricultural Extension Project (Cr. 1754-IN), the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development Project (Ln. 2653), the National Seeds Project (Cr. 1952-IN), and the Food Grain Storage Project (Cr. 747-IN). -6-

Lessons from Previous Bank Involvement

1.25 Many agricultural projects that the Bank has supported have experienced implementation problems causing delays in disbursement and completion, although there has recently been improvement in disbursements. Problems include delays in project mobilization and procurement; poor quality construction and maintenance of infrastructure (e.g., irrigation, rural roads); institutional weaknesses; inadequate financial support by the state governments; inadequate preparation and implementation of resettlement and rehabilitation programs for affected families; and poor maintenance of assets created by projects. Some projects have faced staff constraints as well. Others have provided for only limited participation of beneficiaries, including NGOs and women, in project planning and implementation.

1.26 Because the proposed project includes large investments in rural roads and irrigation, lessons from the Bihar Rural Roads Project (Cr. 1072-IN) and the Tube Wells Project in Bihar and West Bengal are relevant. Although the Bihar Rural Roads Project achieved impressive physical targets of road construction within the project period, the design, quality of construction, and road maintenance were poor. As a result, the life of these roads was much shorter than expected. Also, public tube wells in Bihar failed to irrigate the intended cropped area because of weak beneficiary participation, resulting in poor cost recovery for repair and maintenance. By contrast those in West Bengal succeeded after they were handed over to farmer groups.

Rationale for Bank Involvement

1.27 The proposed project is consistent with the Bank's Country Assistance StrateQv (CAS) for India presented to the Executive Directors on May 12, 1994. Among other aspects, the CAS emphasizes providing direct support for specific reforms through policy-based investment operations at the sectoral, state, and economy-wide levels. As demonstrated during the last two years, the Bank is uniquely placed to carry out a dialogue on policy reform with the GOI and state governments and support implementation of a reform program.

1.28 The strategy places increased importance on private sector initiative and responsibility. It involves:

(a) encouraging the private sector to supply goods and services that now are provided exclusively by the public sector;

(b) introducing beneficiary participation in the design, operation and maintenance, and financing and ownership of the assets created by the investment; and

(c) effecting cost recovery for publicly supplied goods and services to ensure accountability and sustained maintenance of assets. -7-

1.29 Given the high incidence of poverty in the eastern states of India. including Assam. there is need to redirect Bank assistance to these areas where the marginal productivity of investment is high in order to create regional balance and assist in the alleviation of poverty. The emphasis is on balancing appropriate targeting and delivery of production support services to increase the agricultural production of the poor on the one hand and efficient resource allocation and a reduced role for the public sector on the other. The GOA and the World Food Programme, participating NGOs, and other local institutions have successfully implemented small-scale development activities in food production and rural infrastructure in selected poor communities (see para 1.20). The Bank can play a unique role in assisting the GOA to expand these successful pilot projects.

II. THE PROJECT

Project Origin and Concept

2.1 The GOA approached the Bank for assistance in its ongoing development efforts designed to accelerate agricultural growth and alleviate poverty in rural areas. The rural poor have low incomes, high maternal and child mortality rates, poor nutrition, low female literacy, low unskilled labor wages, and high risks of food security. The poor communities in Assam have limited access to assets, including land, as well as underdeveloped infrastructure and supporting services, compounding the poverty syndrome.

2.2 The project has been designed to target its benefits to the poorest rural populations. It would offer better employment opportunities to poorer farmers, and particularly to women, to improve their incomes and nutrition. An attempt would be made to balance the GOA's policy reform objectives with poverty alleviation goals through careful targeting of beneficiaries. The project also incorporates specific measures to ensure beneficiaries' participation in the selection and location of activities supported under the project (para 3.4 to 3.8).

Project Obiectives

2.3 The primary objectives of the project would be to (a) improve equity and alleviate poverty by offering better opportunities for poorer farmers and women to contribute to agricultural growth and income generation; (b) improve the nutrition of the rural poor; (c) accelerate agricultural growth through improved use of resources, relieving infrastructural and technical constraints, and providing an enabling environment to facilitate the growth of private sector investments; (d) encourage sustainability of resource use and quality of the environment; and (e) strengthen the agricultural policy framework and improve the GOA's long-term capacity for strategic agricultural planning. -8-

Project Description

2.4 The project is intended to benefit the poorest segments of the rural population (para 2.2). To achieve this objective, the project would support: (a) the Department of Agriculture's work program, including the extension services for horticulture, fisheries, and livestock to poor rural communities aimed at increasing their production; (b) institutional development (technology generation and extension, seed multiplication and land administration, and planning and coordination); and (c) rural infrastructure (small scale irrigation and rural roads). Project components would also include a number of studies considered necessary for improving the use of natural resources (soil and water management) and the marketing of highly perishable horticultural products. The proposed project would be implemented in eight years starting in 1995/96 and would include a package of state- specific policy reforms agreed to by the Bank and formally approved by the GOA.

2.5 Project Area. Although the project would cover the poor farming communities in the entire state (23 districts), the intensity of activities in each district would depend on the existing production potential. It would provide specific investment support to meet the high-priority needs of these communities. The development blocks to be covered by the project in each district are shown in Annex 12. Indigenous people (scheduled tribes and scheduled castes) form about 18% of the plains population (in 21 of 23 districts) and are scattered over the entire state. The tribal population in rural areas, which is engaged in agriculture and practices farming systems similar to those of its neighbors, is among the beneficiaries of the project. Two hill districts are predominantly tribal areas with a separate administrative arrangement supported by the central government. Because of the special nature of the hill districts in the state, the project would limit its coverage to activities of highest potential, such as fruit production. Under these circumstances, the proiect does not need a separate development plan for the tribals.

2.6 Targeting of Low-Income Beneficiaries. Project activities would be targeted to selected farming communities according to agreed criteria including accessibility of markets, availability of rural roads, and delivery of inputs supplies. Within these communities, the project would target about 300,000 rural households cultivating about 49,000 hectares. Preference would be given to households with limited resources, including small land holdings, low incomes (below the poverty line), and poor access to clean water (see para 3.28; Annex 3, Attachment 3; Annex 8; and Annex 9). The project would assist poor households, especially women cultivators and heads of households, in acquiring access to water, employment, and improved nutrition within their communities. The GOA through the baseline surveys would identify the target group of the poorest in the rural area for project activities. Other rural households and communities would benefit from the improvement and rehabilitation of rural roads and agricultural services. - 9-

2.7 Proposed Reform Proqram. During project preparation, a review of the state budget revealed that recurrent expenditure in agriculture is displacing investment and thereby adversely affecting agricultural growth. The GOA in preparing its agricultural development strategy analyzed these issues (see para 1.19). The strategy includes (a) reduction of public sector delivery of production inputs and services, (b) introduction of cost recovery where possible and reduction of subsidies, (c) diversification of farming toward products in which the state has comparative advantage, (d) liberalization of state trade policy, (e) preparation and implementation of demand-driven agricultural research programs, and (f) introduction of policy incentives to promote private sector involvement in agriculture.

2.8 To implement the above strategy, GOA has formulated a policy action matrix (Annex 2). Under the plan, GOA would:

(a) encourage private and cooperative sector investment in fisheries development by extending lease periods for water bodies from three to 7 years by issuing related government orders during 1996;

(b) issue government orders by the end of 1996 to invite private sector companies and individuals to operate and manage foundation and certified seed multiplication farms and horticultural nurseries currently run by the Agriculture Department and public agencies;

(c) prepare a five-year plan by the end of 1996 to phase out GOA subsidies on agricultural inputs, except those for tribals and scheduled castes covered by special programs;

(d) phase out subsidies for farm machinery hire service offered by the Engineering Wing of the Department of Agriculture to encourage private sector involvement by the end of 1996;

(e) initiate implementation of the Irrigation Act of 1992 in 1996, according to an agreed plan that would allow full cost recovery of water from beneficiaries, including the cost of electricity for public deep tube wells and lift irrigation schemes;

(f) during 1996, issue a government order to facilitate transfer of new and rehabilitated irrigation schemes under the project to beneficiaries;

(g) prepare during 1996 a schedule for phasing out non-viable public sector enterprises in agriculture; and

(h) during 1996, assign responsibility for fisheries policy development to the Department of Fisheries to include all public water bodies. -10-

2.9 Reforms Already Implemented. During project processing, the GOA had taken early actions toward implementation of selected policy reforms recommended under the project. It had:

(a) extended lease periods of water bodies from three to five years to attract private sector involvement in fisheries development;

(b) increased farm machinery hire charges from Rs 286 to Rs 372 per hectare per day (reducing the subsidy by 30%);

(c) increased water charges from Rs 80 to Rs 140 per hectare during kharif;

(d) identified unprofitable public sector corporations in the agricultural sector to be wound-up; and

(e) prepared an annual work program and budget for FY96, which includes specific reduction of subsidies on fertilizers and seeds.

2.10 During project implementation, the GOA would submit the state agricultural budget and work program to the Bank on an annual basis reflecting policy adjustment. The Bank would review the documents and assist the GOA to rationalize and reverse the current trend in public expenditure. During negotiations the GOA confirmed its commitment to imnlement the above Dolicy reforms (vara 2.8).

Detailed Features of Investment Proposals

Poverty Alleviation (US$24.1 million, or 19% of the base cost).

2.11 The project would support the GOA annual agricultural program which is directed to alleviate poverty and improve services to rural communities in 23 districts. The priority areas would include the development of (a) fisheries, (b) horticulture, and (c) livestock. The project would support implementation of these activities according to agreed formula for capital cost sharing with beneficiaries, outlined in the cost recovery section (see paras 4.24 to 4.26).

(a) Fisheries Development. To tap the existing potential for fish production in Assam (Annex 1, para 15), the project would include three main activities:

(i) Fish Production. Support for the development of farm ponds (800 ponds of average size of 0.25 ha each), community tanks (150 tanks of average size of 2 ha each), and large beele (SO beels of average size of 100 ha each). The beels would be constructed and seeded at an average cost of Rs 13,000 per hectare and leased out to the highest private bidders. -11-

(ii) Fish Support Services. Support needed to (a) establish six fish health units and a mini-mill for testing and development of feed; (b) strengthen extension service (e.g., providing training to fish subject matter specialists to supplement the broad-based extension service, para 2.14 (c)); and (c) carry out demonstration of integrated fish farming system with horticulture and animal husbandry.

(iii) Monitoring and Evaluation. Support to investigate problems affecting floodplain fisheries, carry out a systematic ecological survey of the wetlands, monitor implementation of fisheries development activities, and evaluate the impact of the project on rural incomes and on the environment.

(b) Horticulture. To alleviate some of the constraints affecting the development of high-value crops (see Annex 1, para 16), the project would:

(i) strengthen 23 progeny orchards;

(ii) train subject matter specialists for extension service; and

(iii) establish demonstration plots on selected farmers' fields by providing improved horticultural planting material.

Only progeny orchards that would be leased to private entrepreneurs would be rehabilitated. Detailed review of their performance and potential for improvement would be undertaken to attract interested private entrepreneurs. The objective would be to promote private production of horticultural seed and seedlings.

(c) Livestock Development. To complement the GOA's ongoing effort to improve livestock productivity (see Annex 1, para 17), the project would:

(i) support an artificial insemination (AI) program by extending coverage of the cattle upgrading program through establishment of three frozen semen production stations, creating six "frozen semen banks," rehabilitating existing liquid nitrogen plants, and extending coverage of AI to the poor districts;

(ii) strengthen disease diagnostic and investigation laboratories and disease monitoring;

(iii) refurbish and modify Livestock Husbandry Department buildings for training and procure equipment and training material;

(iv) train self-employed livestock technicians (veterinarians, breeders, and "lay inseminators"); -12-

(v) train subject matter specialists in basic aspects of animal husbandry and management; and

(vi) support forage seeds production by the private sector through contracts and forage production by NGOs and field management committees (FMCs).

Institutional DeveloDment (US$23.1 million, or 19t of base cost).

2.12 The success of the project in alleviating poverty would depend on the capacity of the institutions involved to generate and transfer agricultural technology efficiently, especially in the priority production areas supported by the project (horticulture, fisheries, and livestock). Because about 70% of the area is flood-prone during the monsoon season, availability of adaptive technology to these conditions will be especially important.

2.13 Furthermore, because of the small size of farms, increased diversification and efficiency of production from land becomes crucial to the survival of the household. The project would support improvement of integrated technology generation and transfer to cover crop, livestock, and fish production and land use efficiency for both irrigated and rainfed farming.

2.14 Specifically, the project covers (a) technology generation, (b) education and training, (c) extension service, (d) seed multiplication, and (a) land administration.

(a) Technoloov Generation. The project would:

(i) strengthen the state-level applied research in six regional agricultural research stations under the Assam Agricultural University, namely, Titabar, Shillongani, Karimganj, Lakhimpur, Gossaigaon, and Diphu;

(ii) strengthen the livestock research center at Mandira and the horticultural research center at Kahikuchi, and establish a new fisheries research center at Jorhat; and

(iii) establish a pilot project on soil and water conservation and management and treat about 5,400 hectares of land, which would serve as demonstrations.

(b) Education and Trainina. Assam Agricultural University is responsible for education and training of pre-service staff. The objective of the subcomponent is to increase the representation of women in the extension service. Facilities for farmer training would also be provided at five sites (selected, surveyed, and ready to build). To accomplish the objective, the project would: -13-

(i) support pre-service training for women by refurbishing the Gram Sevika Training Center at Jorhat;

(ii) strengthen the ability of the Assam agricultural university to provide in-service training to extension staff;

(iii) support farmers' training; and

(iv) upgrade the training facility at Naltoli to function as a state-level staff training institute.

(c) Extension. Under the proposed project, coverage of a broad based extension service would be expanded to include high-value crops, fisheries, and livestock, as well as introduce reforms aimed at addressing recognized limitations of the current T&V system and associated problems. The strategy would be to (i) strengthen the role of the contact farmer and group approaches through stronger links with FMCs and NGOs, (ii) use local mass media (both print and electronic), (iii) develop extension materials for women farmers, and (iv) expand the participation of field staff and NGOs in the design and implementation of the extension strategy, which addresses both production targets and efficient management of land and water resources. Watershed development and soil and water management would receive special emphasis. To achieve the above strategy, the project would:

(i) extend coverage of the expanded extension service to all agricultural subdivisions, including eight additional subdivisions, and provide vehicles for the Agricultural Department and for extension staff on a hire-purchase arrangement;

(ii) support Field Trial Stations, to include trials and demonstration of production technologies (farm power and harvesting) on farmers' fields, and postharvest technology (crop drying and storage);

(iii) strengthen provision of information to extension staff by supplying equipment (including an offset printing facility), and materials.

(d) Seed MultiDlication. A seed production plan prepared by the GOA identified the state's need for breeder, foundation and certified seed. To assist Assam in implementing the above plan more efficiently, limited support would be provided to the public sector (Assam Agricultural University) to produce breeder seed. Facilities for processing and maintaining seed would be provided. The project would also provide improvements (fencing, farm machinery and equipment, repair of farm buildings, provision of irrigation water) on government foundation and certified seed farms -14-

to be leased to the private sector, the full cost of which would be recovered from the new lease holders.

(e) Land Administration. In Assam, pressure on land is high. More than 60% of the state's land holders own less than one hectare of highly fragmented land. With such small land holdings, long-term investment, such as improved irrigation and drainage, which is critical for increasing crop yields and diversification to high- value crops, is limited. The project would introduce better integrated land use planning and improve land management operations by supporting cadastral surveys and computerizing land records in two districts, and consolidating fragmented land holdings in 15 villages of four revenue circles of Kamrup District. The pilot project would be implemented over three years and would ultimately cover about 10,000 land holders on an estimated cultivable land area of 2,400 hectares.

Infrastructure DeveloDment (US$74.7 million, or 60% of base cost).

2.15 Poorly developed infrastructure is an impediment to the economic development of the state (Annex 1, para 1-11; on irrigation and roads). The project would support specific improvements in irrigation and rural roads.

(a) Irrigation. The project would target a ground water development effort to the poor communities. To accomplish the strategy, the project would:

(i) construct 15,000 shallow tube wells (STWs) covering 33,000 ha;

(ii) rehabilitate 320 deep tube wells (DTws) and provide combination pump sets (both electric and diesel pump) to about 8% of the wells, and rehabilitate 150 river pumping schemes, for a total irrigation capacity of about 15,500 ha;

(iii) construct five irrigation tanks as a pilot scheme to irrigate about 100 ha;

(iv) assist in establishing farmer groups (field management committees and water user associations) and train farmers in the proper operation and maintenance of the irrigation schemes through NGOs as promoters and organizers of farmers groups; and

(v) provide training to project staff.

The project would support implementation of the irrigation activities according to an agreed formula for capital cost sharing with beneficiaries, outlined in the cost recovery section (see para 4.24 to 4.26). -15-

(b) Rural Roads. It is estimated that more than 17,000 kilometers of rural roads in Assam are in need of improvement. However, the high cost of road construction, currently estimated at Rs 1.5 to 2.0 million per kilometer, mainly due to high royalty payments for construction material, would limit the support to a small, well- defined network of rural roads in six districts (Lakhimpur, Nagaong, Sibsagar, Kamrup, Darrang, and Cachar). The project would cover:

(i) rehabilitation of about 1,400 km of rural roads, including replacement of 282 unserviceable timber bridges;

(ii) provision of spare parts for heavy road construction equipment under the Public Works Department (PWD);

(iii) provision of consultant services to prepare road and bridge designs, specifications, drawings, and bidding documents and to supervise construction by private contractors;

(iv) modernization of the PWD's laboratory and design, mechanical and road maintenance wings;

(v) support for rural road maintenance; and

(vi) training of PWD personnel in project and contract management, quality control, road maintenance, and labor-intensive construction.

The selection of roads has taken into account areas of agricultural potential, traffic growth projections, need to improve the existing coimmunicationssystem between villages and markets, and the extent to which land acquisition and negative environmental effects can be avoided. The selection was based on agreed criteria for ranking roads incorporating the above factors, developed jointly by the PWD and the IDA through consultation with rural communities and NGOs (Annex 3, Attachment 3). Although support for road repair and maintenance is provided under the proiect. preparation of a road maintenance policy. financing arrangements, and imnlementation plan satisfactory to the Association is a condition of disbursement of Credit funds for road maintenance.

Prolect Implementation (US$2.2 million, or 2% of base cost).

2.16 Because of the multisectoral nature of the activities supported under the project, assistance would be provided to create in-house capacity for project implementation. GOA would establish a Project Implementation Unit (PIU), and funds under the project would finance vehicles, office equipment, incremental operation and maintenance, and minimal incremental staff to plan, -16- design, supervise, monitor and evaluate project activities. Studies on soils and water management and marketing of high-value crops would also be financed under the project (Annex 4, Attachments 1 and 2).

Proiect Costs and Financing

2.17 Total project costs including physical and price contingencies are estimated at Rs 5,676.5 million (US$146.6 million), of which US$10.1 million, or 8.0% of base costs, would be in foreign exchange. Investment costs and recurrent costs amount to 77% and 23% of base costs, respectively. The breakdown of costs by component is shown at Annex 5 and is summarized below. Project costs are based on actual July 1994 prices and include physical contingencies of US$13.4 million (about 11.0% of total base costs) and price contingencies totaling US$9.2 million (7.0% of base costs) that are based on the following projected annual inflation rates. Local inflation rates for 1994, 1995, and 1996 are projected to be 9.5%, 8.0%, and 7.0%. The local inflation rate for each of the remaining years of the project is projected to be 6%. Regarding external inflation, annual rates of 3.0%, 1.5%, 1.8%, and 2.6% for 1994 to 1997, respectively, and 2.5% annually thereafter through 2001 (which are consistent with the Bank's latest projections issued October 1994) were assumed in estimating project costs. -17-

2.18 Identifiable duties and taxes would amount to Rs 276.8 million (US$7.3 million). Total project cost, net of duties and taxes, would be US$139.3 million.

Proiect Cost Summary

COMPONENTS Local Foreign Total t Foreign exchange

--millions of U.S. dollars-- POVERTY ALLEVIATION 22.7 12.1 6 Horticulture 2.5 0.2 2.7 6 Fisheries 8.2 0.7 8.9 8 Livestock Development 12.0 0.5 12.5 4

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21.7 1.3 23.0 6 Technology Generation 2.6 0.2 2.8 8 Education and Training 2.4 0.1 2.5 5 Extension Service 10.4 0.4 10.8 4 Seed Multiplication 0.2 0.0 0.2 7 Land Administration 6.1 0.6 6.7 9

INFRASTRUCTURE 69.1 5.6 74.7 8 Irrigation 15.3 0.8 16.1 5 Rural Roads 53.8 4.8 58.6 8

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 2.2 0.0 2.2 2

TOTAL BASE COSTS 115.7 8.3 124.0 7 Physical Contingency 12.4 1.0 13.4 7 Price Contingency 8.4 0.8 9.2 9 TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 136.5 10.1 146.6 7

2.19 The proposed IDA credit of SDR 81.0 million (US$126.0 million equivalent) would finance 90% of total project costs, net of duties and taxes, or 86% of total costs including taxes, and all foreign exchange costs. The credit would be made to the GOI on standard terms and conditions, and the GOl would on-lend credit proceeds to the GOA on its prevailing terms and arrangements. The State's contribution and that of the beneficiaries of project activities, amounting to US$20.6 million would be included in the GOA's annual budgetary allocations. Funds for implementing individual activities would be channeled to implementing line departments and agencies, and Project Implementation Unit. These funds would be available for reallocation among components depending on the success in implementing a particular component or the need for inclusion of any new activities within the general project objective and area. This arrangement would encourage participating line departments and agencies to complete their targets ahead of schedule and increase their activities, particularly since the potential for such expansion exists. -18-

2.20 To participate effectively, beneficiaries would contribute labor or cash needed for construction of fish ponds, community fish tanks, and irrigation schemes and for their operation and maintenance. Beneficiaries also would construct and maintain village link roads.

2.21 Incremental costs for sustaining activities and facilities established under the project following its completion would be met by beneficiaries through collection of charges from user groups. The State government's budgetary support would be limited to extension service, rural road repair and maintenance, and incremental recurrent costs for activities undertaken by Assam Agricultural University.

Procurement

2.22 Works consist of construction and rehabilitation of shallow tube wells, tanks, deep tube wells, and river pumping schemes for irrigation; construction of fish ponds, community fish tanks, and large fish beels; and construction of rural roads and buildings, and repair and maintenance of rural roads. Because these works are small and scattered throughout the state, they would not attract foreign bidders. These works would therefore be procured using national competitive bidding (NCB) and force account procedures including beneficiaries' in-kind contribution in the form of labor.

(a) NCB would be used in respect of works valued in aggregate US$67.0 M. The works would be grouped into convenient packages for bidding of at least US$400,000. Necessary land would be acquired prior to bidding. Contracts would be issued using procedures satisfactory to the Association; and

(b) Force account up to an aggregate value of US$10.6 M of which US$8.0 M for road repair and maintenance, would be followed for all small works in remote areas valued at US$10,000 and below, particularly in respect of construction of fish ponds and shallow tube wells, and rehabilitation of small irrigation schemes; construction of buildings; and repair and maintenance of roads.

2.23 Goods consist of vehicles, machinery, tools, equipment, furniture, construction materials, and agricultural materials and livestock. The project would fund about 320 vehicles, 260 motorcycles, machinery, tools, equipment, furniture, and construction materials valued in aggregate at US$20.0 M. These would be grouped into packages costing over US$200,000 to be procured following ICB procedures satisfactory to the Bank. Small items of machinery, tools, equipment, and furniture costing less than US$20,000 per package up to an aggregate value of US$2.0 M would be procured following local shopping procedures after comparing price quotations obtained from at least three suppliers. Construction materials required for force account works up to an aggregate value of US$0.9 M would be procured following local shopping procedures. Agricultural materials and livestock (seed, seedlings, fertilizer, breeding stock) for agricultural development activities would have -19- a total value of US$7.0 M; purchases of small quantities for use throughout the project area would be procured using direct purchase procedures satisfactory to the Association.

2.24 Consultancies and training consist of policy support (US$0.5 million), implementation support (US$4.3 million), and capacity building (US$5.2 million) covering technical assistance, NGO services and training. Technical assistance and NGO services would be contracted on terms and conditions in accordance with the Bank's guidelines for use of consultants. Training would be procured using GOA procedures satisfactory to the Association.

2.25 Incremental oDeratinQ costs consist of materials and labor required for operation and/or maintenance of project vehicles, equipment and machinery, buildings and office supplies, and incremental salaries and wages all equivalent to US$29.1 M. Expenditures for these items would be made by the GOA using financial and administrative procedures satisfactory to the Association.

2.26 The following contracts would be subject to the Bank's prior review: all NCB contracts including works valued over US$200,000, goods valued over US$100,000, consultancies with firms exceeding US$100,000, and consultancies with individuals exceeding US$50,000. All other contracts would be subject to selective post-review by visiting Bank missions. -20-

2.27 Procurement arrangements are summarized below; figures in parentheses indicate amounts to be financed by the Bank:

CatecTory ICB NCB OTHER TOTAL ------millions of U.S. dollars------Works Road and Bridge 55.0 0.0 55.0 Construction (55.0) (55.0)

Road Maintenance 8.0 8.0 (8.0) (8.0)

Buildings and other 12.0 2.6 14.6 Infrastructure (12.0) (12.0)

Goods Vehicles, 20.0 2.9 22.9 Machinery, (20.0) (20.0) Tools, Equipment, Furniture, and Materials

Agricultural 7.0 7.0 Materials and (6.0) (6.0) Livestock

Consultancies and Training Policy Support 0.5 0.5 (0.5) (0.5) Implementation Support 4.3 4.3 (4.3) (4.3) Capacity Building 5.2 5.2 (5.2) (5.2)

Incremental ODerating Costs Salaries and Wages 8.2 8.2 (3.0) (3.0) O&M of Vehicles and 14.5 14.5 Equipment, (8.0) (8.0) Maintenance of Buildings Office Supplies 6.4 6.4 (4.0) (4.0)

Total 20.0 67.0 59.6 146.6 (20.0) (67.0) (39.0) (126.0) -21-

2.28 Disbursements under the credit would cover 90% of total project costs net of taxes and duties, including the following:

(a) 100% of expenditure on consultancies;

(b) 90% of expenditure on works; and

(c) 100% of foreign expenditure, or 100% of ex-factory costs, or 80% of costs of goods, if purchased locally.

2.29 Expenditure on incremental operating costs would be on a declining basis as follows: 70% until March 31, 1996, 50% until March 31, 1998, and 20% thereafter (including vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance, agricultural materials, office supplies, incremental salaries, and wages and utilities).

2.30 Full documentation would be provided for disbursements for expenditures for vehicles, equipment, and furniture under contracts exceeding US$100,000; for works under contracts exceeding US$200,000; and for consultants and training under contracts exceeding US$100,000 (US$50,000 for individual consultants). For all other expenditures, IDA would disburse against statements of expenditure (SOE) in an agreed format. Supporting documents for SOEs would be available for inspection by supervision missions and auditors, and retained by implementing agencies for one year after Bank receipt of the audit report for the fiscal year in which the last withdrawal from the credit account was made. Based on the credit disbursement profile for Bank-assisted agricultural projects in India, the credit under the project would be disbursed over eight years from July 1995 to June 2003 (Annex 6). Project completion is June 30, 2003 and credit closing is December 31, 2003.

Retroactive FinancinQ and Special Account

2.31 To expedite project start-up, IDA would retroactively finance project expenditures incurred after appraisal (November 1, 1994) up to a limit of SDR 3.9 M (US$6.0 M equivalent), provided IDA procurement procedures and guidelines were followed. These expenditures would include procurement of vehicles and equipment, consultant services and workshops for training, and other start-up activities. To facilitate timely payment of project expenditures, a Special Account amounting to an equivalent of US$4.0 million (equal to three months' average disbursements) would be established at the Reserve Bank of India.

Accounts and Audit

2.32 Separate records and accounts would be maintained by each participating entity. The accounts would identify all project expenditure transactions on an ongoing basis, including contributions from the GOA, the GOI, and the credit. Supporting documentation would be retained for review by Bank supervision missions. To ensure proper maintenance of records and accounts, an accounts officer would be recruited in the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to assist staff of individual line departments and agencies -22- implementing project activities in complying with standard government control and auditing procedures. The Accounts officer would also be responsible for preparing PIU accounts, conducting internal audits of all project activities being implemented by line departments, and performing technical audits of the special account on a regular basis in collaboration with economists in the PIU and outside experts. Technical audits would be financed with project funds. The special account would be audited annually, and the audited statements and the auditor's report would be submitted to IDA.

2.33 The GOA auditing arrangements would continue, and an audit in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and auditing standards would be made. AQreement was obtained at necqotiations that GOA would cause all imnlementinQ agencies to maintain separate accounts for prolect expenditures, and that the PIU would consolidate prolect accounts and send to the Association certified coDies of the audited accounts and SOEs for the project not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year.

III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Project Management Approach

3.1 The state agriculture strategy (para 1.19) and policy action matrix (para 2.8) would provide direction to project management activities. However, the strategy and the policy would be reviewed and revised regularly to ensure that basic objectives are achieved for accelerating agricultural development, public funds are used judiciously, and natural resources are maintained. The state annual budget would be revised to reflect the policy reforms and institutional adjustments being proposed under the project.

3.2 Senior policy-makers of the state supported by NGO representatives would guide project management. The participating line departments would implement project field activities, which the agricultural production commissioner (APC) would coordinate at the state level. Support for incremental staffing would be provided where necessary. The aim of the project would be to improve staff competence at all levels through project supported training programs. Systems aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of the public services would also be established with emphasis on quality improvement and cost effectiveness.

3.3 At the grassroots level, participation of beneficiaries, particularly women, NGOs, and farmers organizations, would be actively promoted. To the extent possible, the project also would aim at transferring or leasing production assets to the care and management of the local beneficiary groups. Involvement of the GOA in activities better suited for the private sector would be avoided. To achieve thi.s objective the GOA would create an economic environment conducive to the promotion of the private sector in agriculture through policy adjustment as reflected in the policy reform matrix. -23-

Beneficiary and NGO Participation

3.4 The project would promote beneficiary participation in the selection, location, design, and implementation of project activities. Local beneficiary groups, especially Field Management Committees (FMCs), selected NGOs, and Water User Associations (WUAs) would be responsible for field-level implementation of project components. Operation and maintenance of common assets established by the project would be vested with FMCs and WUAs. A similar approach followed in the Bank-supported Bihar Plateau Development Project (Cr. 2439-IN) was successful in involving local people in establishing and maintaining rural assets. Also, several states in India (Haryana, West Bengal, Maharashtra) have with the support of the Bank, established sustainable models for WUAs, especially in minor irrigation and tube wells. The recently issued ICR for West Bengal Minor Irrigation Project (Cr. 1619-IN) documents the successful experience of WUA in project implementation.

3.5 FMCs are nonpolitical, village-based voluntary social groups working for the welfare and economic growth of the village communities. The DOA has actively promoted the formation of FMCs to accelerate agricultural growth. About 18,000 FMCs have been established throughout the state. Some 1,000 FMCs are self-supporting, and the rest are in various stages of development.

3.6 FMCs have successfully managed the village common assets established with support from the World Food Program and local NGOs (e.g., fish ponds, surface irrigation schemes and ground water facilities), built small-scale enterprises, and reinvested the revenue generated from these activities for common services such as education, WID programs, and short-term credit programs for the needy poor. FMCs are also active in promoting the introduction of high-yielding varieties and new, high-value crops, in encouraging livestock and sericulture development, and in organizing input delivery and marketing services. WUAs have been established to manage small- scale irrigation, but the Assam experience with WUAs is limited. Further expansion under the project would require careful monitoring and technical assistance specialized in these services.

3.7 Under the project, NGOs would serve as partners responsible for mobilizing rural people for group action and upgrading skills of FMC leaders. About 20 NGOs are currently active in the state. NGO involvement in developmental activities is relatively new in Assam, but it is steadily growing. In earlier years, NGOs focused primarily on nonfarm employment opportunities and social welfare programs. Specialized NGOs are interested in participating in agriculture, animal husbandry, and allied activities. Information on NGOs in Assam, their activities, and their proposed involvement in this project is in Annex 8.

3.8 To enhance the effectiveness of the local institutions, the GOA would empower registered beneficiary groups to collect 1i of the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the facilities from beneficiaries. -24-

During project implementation, the GOA would organize workshops for beneficiaries and NGOs. Agreement was obtained at neqotiations that GOA would contract NGOs selected accordinQ to criteria aQreed with IDA (Annex 8. Attachment 4).

Proiect Orcranization and Manaaement

3.9 Being multisectoral, the project would be implemented by a number of departments and agencies. The agricultural production commissioner (APC) would coordinate and guide these departments and agencies in implementing project activities (Annex 7). Each implementing department or agency would identify one officer who would be responsible for coordinating all its activities under the project. To assist the APC, a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) headed by a director and supported by two economists, an environmentalist, an anthropologist and an accounts officer would be established and supported under the project. Acreement was obtained at negotiations that GOA would maintain a Project ImDlementation Unit with staffinc and responsibilities acreed with the Association.

3.10 The PIU would include an NGO and environment cell to coordinate beneficiary participation and carry out environmental screening of project activities. The PIU would be responsible for planning and monitoring implementation of project activities and for supervising and evaluating performance both directly and through consultant input.

3.11 To assist in implementation, two committees would be established at the state level. The Project Guidance Committee (PGC) would be headed by the chief secretary of the state; the APC would serve as secretary to PGC. Other senior secretaries in the government and four NGO representatives would serve as members. This committee would approve the project annual work plan (para 3.15) and budget, and address policy-related issues. The Project Coordination Committee (PCC), would include the APC as the committee chairperson, the Project Director as its secretary, heads of implementing departments and agencies, the additional secretary (Finance) of the Mini-Secretariat, and representatives of NGOs and user group as members. The Project Coordination Committee would review annual work plans and associated expenditures in the budget prepared by PIU prior to submission to the Project Guidance Committee for approval. It would periodically, assess project performance and offer suggestions for improvement. AQreement was obtained at negotiations that the GOA would maintain the Prolect Guidance Committee and the Prolect Coordination Committee with membershiD and resDonsibilities agreed with the Association.

3.12 Implementation of individual activities under the three main components would be undertaken by the respective line departments, the district and block development administration, and the state agricultural university (Annex 13). NGOs and beneficiaries would also participate in project implementation. Overall coordination of implementation would be the responsibility of the project director. The project director's other responsibilities would be: (a) reviewing and approving plans prepared by line departments, (b) allocating funds, and (c) monitoring implementation of approved plans. -25-

3.13 Because implementing departments have other responsibilities, separate teams would be created in each line department at Guwahati exclusively for implementing project activities. Each team would include (a) the head of the department or agency (chairperson), (b) a senior officer in the department (secretary), (c) two field-level managers nominated by the department or agency head, and (d) representatives of two NGOs with appropriate expertise or experience. Each team would meet periodically (at least once every quarter) to review plans and field implementation problems and advise the head of department on appropriate actions.

3.14 The deputy commissioners through their development wings in the districts would coordinate and integrate all project activities in the district and assist the APC and PD in planning and overseeing implementation. The block development officers would perform a similar role at the block level. At the district block and village levels, the District Planning and Development Council, the panchayats samiti, and the village panchayats would help the rural development administration in planning and implementing project activities. These local institutions would be important contact points for communicating with people about and sensitizing them to project activities.

3.15 The project is designed as a rolling program with annual work plans phased in to cover all districts over the implementation period. It aims at promoting integrated planning and coordinated implementation of the subcomponents to secure maximum socioeconomic gains. Achieving implementation efficiency, high quality of works, cost effectiveness, and NGO and beneficiary involvement are some of the project's major themes.

3.16 The annual work plan would include:

(a) implementation details and expenditures for project activities during the year;

(b) implementation plan and budget for project activities for the following year;

(c) arrangements for carrying out cadastral surveys, updating land records, and encouraging existing local institutions (e.g., Field Management Committees) to promote land consolidation on a pilot scale;

(d) arrangements for leasing irrigation schemes and fish production tanks and transferring the responsibility for their operation and maintenance to beneficiaries during the project period;

(e) agenda for at least two workshops with NGOs to define their role in the project and facilitate their involvement in implementing project activities;

(f) Memoranda of Agreement between implementing departments/agencies and NGOs and FMCs, covering the selection, location, and design of project activities in the implementation plan; -26-

(g) designs, drawings, specifications, and bidding documents for rural roads proposed for construction during the year;

(h) arrangements for carrying out a systematic ecological survey of the wetlands;

(i) a training program for staff of implementing line departments, an appropriate monitoring system, arrangements for carrying out economic and social surveys, and an annual report evaluating the impact of the project; and

(j) background studies on ground water for those sites identified for construction of new tube wells.

3.17 The annual work plan, procurement plan, and civil works plan, along with the project legal documents, would serve as the main framework for project implementation. Supervision of the project would be undertaken by both the Bank and the GOI/MOA on a semi-annual basis. Agreement was obtained at negotiations that the GOA would prepare and submit to IDA by the end of March of each year. starting in 1996 annual work plans and budgets for the proiect satisfactory to the Association.

3.18 To ensure that the Project Implementation Unit carries out its planning and monitoring responsibilities adequately, competent persons would be recruited to fill the two economist positions. The candidates would have appropriate academic backgrounds, and field experience in project planning and monitoring, and computer skills. They would be contracted or deployed for these positions on a fixed-term basis; their salaries and other personal emoluments would be accommodated within the overall budgetary provisions.

3.19 The economists' primary responsibility would be to formulate and finalize annual project plans in consultation with implementing line departments and agencies, and to review and monitor implementation progress. In addition, the economists would assess field training needs and organize training for staff in project planning and management, and other courses as the project director sees fit.

3.20 The environmentalist in the PIU would carry out environmental assessment and amelioration activities. The expert would organize workshops as forums for NGOs and others to deliberate on all aspects of the project, with particular emphasis on the environment, and make recommendations to the decision making committees proposed under the project. At these workshops, NGO representatives would be elected to the various committees.

3.21 The Anthropologist in the PIU would coordinate NGO activities, specifically reviewing investment proposals with respect to the participatory process and social concerns; developing innovative proposals for possible implementation under the project; standardizing the methodology, procedure, and norms for major field activities, such as beneficiary organization; and monitoring and evaluating NGO activities implemented with financial assistance from the project. -27-

3.22 The environmentalist and the anthropologist would develop criteria and operational procedures for screening project investment components for environmental and social considerations, and put in place arrangements for implementation of these procedures. The NGO and environment cell would also develop and implement guidelines for monitoring activities throughout the project (para 4.19). Investments under the project are not expected to displace families from their lands. However, as a precaution, in unforeseen situation if it becomes necessary, the GOA agreed at the negotiations to carry out land acaruisition and resettlement and rehabilitation of any peonle affected by the prolect in accordance with arrangements and procedures agreed with the Association. Such arrangements and procedures are included in Annex 17.

Planning Procedure

3.23 The economists in the PIU would (a) formulate, in the third quarter of each year, an annual work program for the succeeding year in consultation with the heads of departments/agencies, deputy commissioners, and NGOs; and (b) review implementation progress during the year, agree on the selection and design criteria, and review monitoring and evaluation reports, other specific studies, and NGO/beneficiary suggestions as the base for project planning. All activities that might likely have an adverse impact on the environment would be referred to and cleared by the responsible environmentalist at the PIU.

3.24 Each draft annual plan would be referred to the appropriate zilla parishads (local councils) for their views. The views of the zilla parishad in the selection of activities and sites for works would be given due consideration in finalizing an annual plan. Each final plan would then be discussed by the Project Coordinating Committee and approved. The approved plan would form the basis for budget preparation. Agreement was obtained at negotiations that the GOA would cause staff of implementing departments and agencies to interact and agree with beneficiaries in the choice, location, design, preparation, and implementation of activities supDorted under the proiect.

3.25 Because the project would have funds for the identification of project-related studies for implementation by consultants or NGOs, the studies would be part of the annual plan, with agreed Terms of Reference. These studies would be cleared by the Project Coordination Committee and the Bank before implementation.

Budgeting

3.26 The project would have a separate budget "head" and "subhead" for each implementing department and agency. Performance budgeting would be introduced to relate expected physical performance with the funds budgeted for each implementing agency. The performance budget would be the main document for project implementation review. The project director would organize training in performance budget formulation and use for all concerned staff. -28-

Once the budget is approved, the APC/PD would hold one or several meetings of the Project Coordination Committee before the beginning of the fiscal year to approve project activities.

3.27 The project would establish a special fund for promoting and supporting innovative schemes consistent with project goals. The fund would be operated by the Project Implementation Unit with the assistance of the Project Coordination Committee and the NGO cell. Along with government agencies, women's groups, NGOs, and farmer organizations would also have access to the fund. The PCC would establish guidelines for securing assistance from the fund within the first six months of project commencement.

Monitoring and Evaluation

3.28 The PIU would regularly monitor project implementation progress and correct any deficiencies. The project director supported, by consultants, would be responsible for (a) identifying, through baseline surveys, target groups of low-income beneficiaries for project activities, and (b) developing an appropriate monitoring and evaluation system for delivery of management information on implementation and performance through monitorable indicators from the field. Data for assessing project development objectives would also be collected through baseline surveys. Computer facilities would be provided to help the PIU carry out this task. The consultants would also design a training program for PIU staff. A matrix of monitorable indicators for achievement of project objectives is presented in Annex 16.

Revorting. Mid-Term Review, and Project Implementation Report

3.29 Progress reports would be prepared by individual implementing departments/agencies annually and submitted to the Project Guidance Committee and Project Coordination Committee for clearance and consolidation by PIU before being sent to the Bank, no later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year. Each report would contain brief descriptions of the main events of the reporting period including progress of physical implementation, expenditures incurred, staffing status, procurement, and force account arrangements. These reports would compare actual data with targets of the indicative plans and annual work programs. In addition, the GOA would submit a copy of its annual project plan, state agricultural budget, and procurement plan including civil works once every year (end of June) for Bank review and comment.

3.30 An independent consultant would carry out a mid-term review of the project at the end of the fourth year of implementation. The Review would focus on progress made, take stock of the experience gained in implementing individual components of the project, and evaluate problems associated with participatory planning and implementation with beneficiaries. Agreed recommendations of the mid-term review would be implemented by each agency/department involved. AQreement was obtained at neqotiations that the GOA would, with the assistance of consultants. carry out a Mid-Term Review of the project by June 30. 1999. (fourth year of proiect implementation) and implement the recommendations of the mid-term review. -29-

3.31 The PIU would prepare an implementation completion report on the basis of the Bank's guidelines no later than six months after the closing date of the credit. The report would highlight physical and financial problems faced during implementation and assess the impact of the project to determine whether the objectives were achieved.

Pro-ect Supervision

3.32 Project supervision would be closely linked to the project objectives and the annual implementation plans. It would involve monitoring a number of key indicators and assessing both quality and quantity aspects of project implementation and their impact.

3.33 Heads of participating line departments would supervise project implementation and provide guidance. In addition, the PIU would oversee supervision of project activities to assess field implementation progress and problems, involvement of beneficiary participation, and impact. The Bank would normally field two missions in a year to focus primarily on key implementation issues. The first mission would concentrate on detailed review of the Annual work plan at the onset of the budget year; the second would resolve problems, assess benefits, and draw lessons. However, full responsibility for project supervision would rest with implementing line departments and the PIU. Proposed experts on supervision missions are presented in Annex 15.

IV. PROJECT BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION

4.1 The proposed project would contribute to the GOA's objectives for poverty alleviation and to improve equity in the rural areas. It also would accelerate agricultural growth through improved use of resources. The policy reforms to be carried out through the project would lead to the allocation of resources to high-priority investments for agricultural and rural development.

4.2 Specifically, the project would benefit about 300,000 poor rural people by directly increasing their average annual net income from farming alone by about 60%, from Rs 2,950 to Rs 4,720.1 In addition, while improving the community assets, the construction works would generate about 75 million man-days of seasonal and nonfarm employment through the road, fisheries, and irrigation infrastructure supported under the project.2 Furthermore, the nutrition of the rural population would be improved through increased production of fish, fruit and vegetables, and milk.

1 Based on the average farm size (0.8 ha) of the majority (60%) of area farmers.

2 Para 2.27 (procurement of works) and para 1.14 (labor rates). -30-

4.3 The project would improve communication, increase crop production, employment opportunities, and rural incomes, and create sustainable production assets. A network of 1,400 km of rural roads would be constructed, upgraded, and maintained. Water would be made available to irrigate 49,000 ha of land and increase the current cropping intensity of 140% by about 15% annually, to reach 210% cropping intensity by the end of the project period. Rice production would be improved by providing quality seeds, thereby increasing marketable surplus. As a result of increased cropping intensity, higher yields, and livestock and fisheries activities, annual employment in the project areas would increase by about 3 million man-days at full development. 3 The project also would introduce an integrated management system in planning and implementation, promote user group and NGO involvement in the development process, and sensitize people to environmental issues.

4.4 Production and Marketing. The project would increase the production of food crops (rice, oilseeds, and pulses), fruits and vegetables, milk, and fish. The bulk of the incremental food grain production would be from irrigation schemes, including both new and rehabilitated schemes.

4.5 The following projected yield levels under the project are conservative and attainable:

Present Yields 4 Future Yields with Proiect (tons per ha) (tons per ha) Paddy 2.5 4.0 Mustard 0.5 0.8 Potato 10.0 15.0 Gram 0.5 0.8

4.6 With irrigation, the cropping intensity would increase by about 451. Assuming the above conservative crop yields, the project would increase the production of paddy, mustard, potatoes, and gram by 132,000, 5,000, 9,000, and 5,000 tons, respectively, at full development about 10 years after the start of the project. Crop and farm budgets under the present situation and with improved irrigation intensity, presented in Annex 11, were used in the computation of incremental value of production.

4.7 The rural population in Assam currently suffers frequent food shortages mainly because of the weak resource base, including a poor agricultural technology base. Most of the incremental production would be consumed on the farm. A small portion (about lo) is expected to be sold in

3 Excludes direct employment in project works.

4 It was assumed that present yields would remain constant in the without-project situation because there are no data to illustrate either a declining or an increasing trend. -31- neighboring markets, which would be more accessible with improvements to the rural road system. Increasing surplus production, mainly fish, milk, fruit, and vegetables, would be sold in the well-established existing markets.

Economic Analysis

4.8 Individual rates of return for the irrigation, livestock, horticulture, fisheries, and rural roads subcomponents and for the project as a whole were estimated. The economic life of the project was assumed to be 30 years because of the types of investments involved. The institutional development component was not evaluated, although its costs were included in the overall economic evaluation of the project. Because of the pilot nature of the land administration subcomponent, no rate of return (ERR) was calculated. The economic and financial analyses are presented in Annex 11.

4.9 Irrigation. Benefits were estimated on the basis of incremental production of paddy, pulses, potatoes, and oilseeds. Economic prices (constant end-1994) for these crops were derived from World Bank commodity price projections issued in August 1994. Given the projected stagnation in food grain production, India was assumed to be a marginal net importer. Therefore, import parity prices, after adjusting for port handling and local transport, were used in the analysis. Prices used are presented in Annex 1. (tables 25 and 26). Irrigation facilities would also support summer and winter production of vegetables, whose marketing would be enabled by the project road network.

4.10 Rural Roads. Benefits of this component include reduced vehicle operating costs and incremental portage and labor resulting from saved travel time on upgraded roads. These estimates were derived from traffic surveys and projections on selected roads undertaken by the Public Works Department and confirmed by the Bank. Unquantifiable benefits from roads would include increased incidence of literacy with greater access to schools, accessibility to medical and health care facilities, accessibility to post offices and mini- banks, and employment opportunities in road construction and maintenance.

4.11 Livestock. Because of improvements to the breeding stock, milk production would increase from the present 640 million liters per year to 780 million liters at full development. In addition, the protein intake of the rural population would improve as a result of the project.

4.12 Fisheries. The project would increase fish production by about 3,000 tons annually. As a result rural incomes and nutritional value of food intake would increase. Because of increased fish production, the market price of fish is expected to fall to affordable levels, particularly for urban dwellers with low incomes. -32-

4.13 Horticulture. As a result of crop diversification to high-value horticultural crops, about 8,250 hectares of marginal lands would be used for production of arecanut, coconut, papaya, bananas, and oranges. With improved yields, total annual incremental production is estimated to be 85,000 tons, which would be marketed readily using improved roads. In addition, backyard gardens for vegetable production would increase.

4.14 Project economic costs were derived from detailed cost tables (summarized in Annex 5, tables 1 to 5), excluding taxes and price contingencies. After the implementation period, recurrent costs were maintained at a constant level for the economic life of the project. It was assumed that Vehicles and machinery and equipment associated with road maintenance would be replaced every five years. Because rural roads yield benefits to sectors other than agriculture that could not be estimated, only one-half of the cost of road construction and maintenance was included in the economic evaluation. On-farm production costs were derived from crop budgets (Annex 11, tables 1 to 18), with assumed conservative and gradual yield increases and adoption of improved farming practices as a result of availability of production inputs such as irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides.

4.15 Recurrent costs for fish and livestock production were estimated from individual enterprise budgets used in the ERR. All local costs (including market prices for locally traded products such as milk, fish, fruits, and vegetables) were converted to border values by using a standard conversion factor of 0.9. ERRs for irrigation, roads, livestock, fisheries, and horticulture activities were estimated to be 57%, 33%, 21%, 22%, and 66%, respectively. The ERR for the project as a whole was estimated to be 24%, which is a weighted average of the individual components' ERRs. The net present value of the project, discounted at the opportunity cost of capital of 12%, is estimated to be Rs 2,423 million (US$78 million).

4.16 Sensitivity Analyses. Tests were performed on the ERR of the project as a whole. Cost overruns and delays in accrued incremental benefits could occur, notwithstanding built-in safeguards in the project. Certain assumptions were introduced in the analysis and sensitivity tests performed. Results are summarized below:

Test Variations ERR NPV (Rs M) Base Case 24% 2,423 Benefits down 10% 22% 1,946 Benefits down 15t 21% 1,707 Costs up 10% 22% 2,188 Benefits lagged 2 years 18% 1,381 Benefits down 10% and costs up 10% 20% 1,711 4.17 The overall project ERR is reasonably robust to increases in costs and reductions in benefits. Nevertheless, special arrangements, such as identification and preparation of the first-year program, including retroactive financing, have been made to accelerate start-up activities and minimize implementation delays.

4.18 SwitchinQ value tests show that project costs would have to increase by more than 110% or benefits would have to drop by more than SO0 for the NPV to fall to zero or the ERR to fall to 12%. The intensive preparation and detailed work in estimating the cost of individual items make these situations unlikely. Further more, conservative estimates of yields and production were used in evaluating the benefits.

Environmental Impact

4.19 An environmental analysis of the project was carried out by reviewing each component using guidelines in the Bank's Operational Directive 4.0. Based on this analysis, the project was categorized as "B" (Annex 18). The project would have an overall positive impact on the environment through improvement of agricultural practices and land management. The Project Implementation Unit would hire an environmentalist who would have responsibility for developing and implementing guidelines for monitoring all project activities for potential negative environmental impact and advising on mitigating measures. If necessary, technical assistance would be sought from government agencies, such as the Pollution Control Board (for water quality monitoring), the Department of Science, Technology, and Environment, and the Assam Council for Science, Technology, and the Environment.

4.20 The only possible negative environmental impact of the project could be soil erosion caused by road construction. To minimize this possibility, the project was designed with appropriate mitigating actions.

These actions include:

(a) sensitizing government staff and user groups to the hazards of poor environmental protection;

(b) minimizing, and in some cases avoiding, land acquisition and penalizing road projects with negative environmental effects in a screening process; and

(c) monitoring the incidence of disease and destroying vector breeding areas, for example cleaning ponds for fish production to eliminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes and vectors for malaria parasites.

Imoact on Women

4.21 Women in Assam play a major role in agriculture and appear eager to be involved in new income-generating activities, but they lack resources and -34- technical knowledge to initiate and sustain new enterprises. The GOA's organized support services for women are largely directed toward welfare and child care. In an effort to reverse the trend, socially oriented NGOs are actively involved in training more women in the skills needed to participate in economic activities. The need to create more jobs for women is even greater in the wage labor market in Assam where they are poorly represented. Of the total employment of 1 million at the end of March 1989, less than 0.3 million, or 301, were women.

4.22 The productive role of women varies significantly in the project area depending on the economic status of each family in the village. The vast majority of women do a significant amount of manual work, including building road, collecting fuel wood, marketing farm produce, and performing household chores. women are also responsible for ensuring adequate nutrition for their families. Therefore, investments under the project such as improvement in the infrastructure (rural roads), and the production of livestock, fish, fruits, and vegetables would contribute to the welfare of women. Involving female beneficiaries in project planning, including selection of activities and their location, would give them an opportunity to express their views on those issues that affect them most. Also, women in the project area would save travel time to perform household errands, which could be deployed for more productive and lucrative purposes. Women would also benefit from increased incomes from milk and fish production. In general, women laborers would benefit from significantly enhanced employment opportunities.

4.23 To ensure that women participate actively in the design, planning and, implementation of project activities, a position for a women's development officer would also be created in the Project Implementation Unit. This officer would be an active member of the project management and would ensure that the project provides women with appropriate training in awareness of their role and benefits, organization and management and technical skills (see Annex 10). Support would also be provided to women's groups for innovative economic initiatives consistent with project objectives.

Cost Recoverv

4.24 Full cost recovery from beneficiaries for all activities would not be feasible under this project because of the high incidence of poverty and the extent of subsidies in the project area. However, because the GOA's budgetary resources are constrained and would not be able to ensure sustainability of investments in the project area, cost recovery would be introduced. For investments including fisheries development in farmers' ponds, community tanks, shallow tube wells and introductory horticultural production, beneficiaries would be required to pay a proportion of the cost of establishment.

4.25 During the construction period, beneficiaries organized into users groups or individual farmers would contribute at least 30% of the investment cost of any irrigation scheme, fish pond, or community fish tank. This -35-

contribution could be direct cash payment or in-kind payment (e.g., labor). After the construction phase, the assets would be transferred to beneficiaries who would be responsible for the full O&M cost. For large fish beels, the full cost of construction would be recovered from the private or cooperative operators, who would also be responsible for repair and maintenance of the fish assets leased to them. Regarding seedlings for horticultural development and artificial insemination for the livestock improvement program, beneficiaries would pay over time the full cost of the material and service.

4.26 Incremental income from project investments would justify such cost recoveries. Because beneficiaries would be involved in the project planning process, including selection of activities and their location, and would own and operate some of these assets, they would have the incentive to collect user charges from their fellow members to extend the usefulness of their assets.

Sustainability

4.27 Once completed, project activities would be sustained. Incremental staffing would be kept to the minimum, and additional recurrent costs would be within manageable limits. Most of the assets created by the project would be transferred to the beneficiaries, who would operate the assets and share the cost of operation and maintenance. Production assets in horticulture, fisheries, and livestock would be supported through ongoing research and extension services. Local NGOs would continue to support water user groups in managing tube wells and ponds constructed under the project. The improved policy environment, especially for marketing and processing, would provide financial incentives for the groups to maintain their newly acquired assets. Rural roads would be maintained by the GOA out of its state budget; through the project, the GOA would have prepared a state policy and financing arrangements for road repair and maintenance [para 2.15(b)].

Risks

4.28 The project faces four major risks:

(a) Funding. Poor budgetary support could slow down implementation. To minimize the risk, the GOA would submit an annual budget and commit itself to improve cost recovery and establish adequate financial control measures that would be monitored during project implementation. Funding needed for O&M would be the responsibility of the beneficiaries. Pace of implementation, quality of construction, and delivery of services would be monitored by local NGOs and reported to concerned agencies every six months.

(b) Policy Reform and Commitment. Timely and effective implementation and adherence by the GOA to the agreed policy reforms are crucial to the success of the project. To minimize the risk, tangible proof of readiness to implement the reforms has already been -36-

demonstrated in the preparation of the state agricultural strategy paper and the steps already taken to implement the items described in the policy matrix. Implementation of policy reforms would be reflected in the GOA's annual work plans and budgets for Bank review. There would be close Bank supervision to ensure that dated covenants associated with the reforms are met. Despite the built- in safeguards, however, implementation of policy reform could be delayed or even modified due to political events. General elections will be held in 1996, and the political scenario in the country is changing fast. Announcements of populistic measures involving hand-outs from public funds are increasing markedly. It would be unrealistic to expect that Assam would not be influenced by this political trend.

(c) Institutional Capacit . The success of the project depends on active participation of local and national NGOs. There is the risk that such participation may be slow to materialize, and government bureaucracy may delay the transfer of new assets to the farming communities. Also, institutional weakness could pose risks for project implementation. Quality of works (construction and maintenance of rural roads) could suffer from inadequate staffing, supervision, and standard enforcement. To enhance quality of construction, the project would provide technical assistance to train and motivate staff.

(d) Security. The security situation in Assam may delay field visits, implementation, and timely supervision and monitoring. Project activities and investment programs would be restricted to areas where security problems are minimal. Active involvement of beneficiaries (FMCs, WUA, etc) in the decision-making process and their ownership of the project should reduce the security risk.

4.29 With GOA's commitment and demonstrated support, and with built-in safeguards for sustaining operations, the project has a chance of succeeding.

V. AGREEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 During negotiations the following agreements were obtained that the GOA would:

(a) ensure that project implementing departments/agencies maintain separate accounts for all components supported under the project and implement proposed audit arrangements (para 2.33);

(b) contract with NGOs selected according to criteria agreed with the Association to participate in project activities (para 3.8);

(c) maintain a Project Implementation Unit with staffing and responsibilities agreed with the Association (para 3.9); -37-

(d) maintain the Project Guidance Committee and the Project Coordination Committee with membership and responsibilities agreed with the Association (para 3.11);

(e) prepare and submit to the IDA by the end of March of each year starting in 1996 annual work plans and budgets for the project satisfactory to the Association (para 3.17);

(f) carry out land acquisition and resettlement and rehabilitation of any people affected under the project in accordance with arrangements and procedures agreed with the Association (para 3.22);

(g) ensure that implementing departments' and agencies' staff interact with beneficiaries and agree on the choice, location, design, preparation, and implementation of activities supported by the project (para 3.24); and

(h) carry out with the assistance of consultants, a mid-term review by June 30, 1999, (end of the fourth year of project implementation) and implement the recommendations of the review (para 3.30).

Condition of Disbursement

5.2 Disbursement of Credit proceeds for rural road repair and maintenance would be conditional to preparation of a road maintenance policy, financing arrangements and an implementation plan satisfactory to the Association [para 2.15(b)].

5.3 With the above assurances and agreements, the project would be suitable for an IDA credit of SDR 81.0 million (US$126.0 million equivalent) on standard terms with 35 years maturity. -38-

Annex 1.

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

General Features of Assam

Irrigation

1. The Brahmaputra valley covers 70t of the total area of the state. Total food requi-rement by the year 2000 would be 6.3 million tons for the state population of about 28.5 millions. The additional food requirement would be about 2.5 million tons of which rice would account for about 2.2 million tons. To increase future rice production sufficient to feed the projected population, the cropping intensity must be enhanced to more than. 200 t by extending irrigation.

2. Most of the rain in Assam falls between May/June and September/October. As a consequence, supplementary irrigation during the dry months becomes necessary if cropping intensity is to be increased. Under normal circumstances, floods affect about 0.4 million ha annually. It is estimated that 0.3 million ha of cropped areas are flood prone, though occasionally about one million ha are affected by floods. As a result, farmers in the flood prone areas need a winter crop with irrigation to sustain themselves.

3. Out of the total geographic area of about 7.8 million ha, total cultivable area is about 2.7 million ha. Surface water potential is 1.7 million ha consisting of about one million ha under major/medium projects and the rest under minor projects. Total ground water potential is estimated to be one million ha, accounted for by 5,000 deep tube wells -DTWs-(0.2 million ha), 241,700 shallow tube wells-STWs-(0.7 million ha) and 141,000 dug wells (less than 0.1 million ha). However out of 1142 existing DTWs only about 620 or 54% are operating at less than 25% efficiency. The poor performance of these DTWs is partly caused by frequent power-cuts in the agricultural areas. In most cases power supply is provided for 2-3 hours per day instead of the required time of 6-8 hours. Because of the poor supply of electricity, GOA does not plan to develop new DTWs during the next decade.

4. In the case of STWs, about 49,735 have been installed by the Assam State Minor Irrigation Development Corporation (ASMIDC) through a NABARD refinanced scheme. Due to poor recovery of the loans from farmers, the outstanding repayments with ASMIDC have become unmanageable (Rs 403 million). As a result, ASMIDC virtually stopped all STW activities in the state. To continue- the program, the Agriculture Department took over the task of installing STWs through the Community Irrigation Project (CIP) supported by GOI subsidy scheme, which has also stopped for lack of resources and poor performance.

5. Other problems associated with the supply of electricity to the irrigation schemes are those of overdue payments. As of 1994, the Irrigation Department owed Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB) about Rs 102 million. About 30t of the overdue is accounted for by public DTWs and 70t by Surface Lift schemes (SLs). Some of the overdue amounts are a result of "flat rate" -39-

charges imposed by ASEB on irrigation schemes irrespective of the power consumed. It is a practice for ASEB to charge Rs.30/month/unit for the DTWs and Sls even when no power was consumed. Despite the inadequate billing system, ASEB is planning to increase power rates for agriculture from Rs 0.88 to Rs 1.60/unit due to the high cost of generation which is about Rs. 2.61/unit. The proposed increase would make electricity rates in the state uniform with those for domestic consumers, currently paying Rs. 1.61/unit.

6. Because there was no mechanism in place for collection of water charges, the revenue collected by the Irrigation Department has always been negligible. To correct the problem, GOA issued a notification in June 1992 to fix and collect water charges from beneficiaries of all irrigation schemes. The per hectare irrigation charges for a Kharif crop is Rs. 140.62, Wheat Rs. 281.25, Early Ahu and Ahu Rs. 375.50. Total charges per annum amount to Rs. 797.37 per hectare. These charges are less than the actual cost of irrigation. It is estimated the annual cost of irrigating one hectare is about Rs. 1310 for STWs, Rs 2449 in the case of DTWs, Rs 4324 for Surface lifts(Sls), and Rs 2508 for diversion schemes.

7. With-electricity, the irrigation cost per hectare per annum is estimated to be Rs 870 for STW, Rs 1550 for DTW, and Rs 1258 for Sls. In the case of diesel pumps the cost is estimated to be Rs 1740, Rs 3560, and Rs 3200 per hectare per annum respectively. For diversion schemes it would be Rs 704 per ha per annum. These amounts exclude the establishment cost of the Irrigation Department, which is estimated to be Rs. 200 per hectare per annum.

B. The Central Ground Water Board has estimated through its 462 work stations the annual recharge of ground water in the valley. The hydrographs show a peak followed by a recession limb. The recession limb in the post monsoon period is steep during August to October months and gentle during NJovember - April. The steep limb indicates that whatever the rise in the groundwater level, a major part dissipates during the monsoon period maintaining a constant level on average through out the year. Recharges based on pre-as well as post-monsoon levels have been used to estimate the district wise annual recoverable recharge. Existing data has established that aquifers get fully recharges by July - August and additional water in the ground goes as reject recharge.

Roads

9. Excluding National highways and those main roads whose improvement is funded by the North East Council (NEC), there is a network of about 7,300 km of surfaced roads and 23,700 km of graveled roads maintained by the state PWD. There is also a total length of about 148,000 m of timber bridges. Chronic under funding of road maintenance which has persisted for many years (about one third of the Finance Commission's recommended level of funding has been actually budgeted) has caused the road network to be in a distressful condition. Most of these roads are long overdue for rehabilitation and a large number of the timber bridges have long past their economic life and are in a dangerous condition. -40-

10. In addition to the PWD-maintained network of roads, there is another network of roads comprising about 7,200 km at the village level in the rural areas, built by the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA). These roads are vital as they link small villages with the State road network. These roads were labor-intensively built, partly as a means of employment generation, but were not in compliance with accepted specifications. As a result, PWD has been reluctant to assume responsibility for their maintenance.

11. It is important to note however, that most roads in Assam were not built according to designed specifications particularly in regard to embankment placement and compaction. This initial construction deficiency has been compounded over the years by lack of maintenance funds (for example: over the last four years, the budget allocation for road maintenance has been declining from 23% of the required amount to about 9%.), thereby causing a deplorable condition of the entire road network in the state.

Land holding and Cropping Pattern

12. The average farm size of 1.3 hectares is the smallest in the country and declining. Despite the small land holdings, they are further fragmented into 3-4 parcels making them uneconomic units to support the average family size of five. The cropping pattern which is dominated by paddy of long maturity periods tends to limit the cropping intensity to less than 145 percent. Given the high rainfall in the area, this cropping intensity is also considerably low.

Rural Credit

13. Lack of access to credit by small-entrepreneurs and small farmers tends to perpetuate poverty. For farmers to have flexibility in the risky farming environment, they need access to production inputs and sufficient income or credit to acquire them.

14. In the case of Assam, because of small land holdings, poor land record keeping by the revenue office and the lengthy process of granting loans by commercial banks, the majority of small farmers do not qualify for credit. The few who qualify do not repay their loans promptly. As a result, small farmers fail to adopt new agricultural technology, such as the use of fertilizer and hybrid seed, which could be facilitated through credit.

Fisheries Development

15. The potential for fish production in Assam is enormous with an estimated area of over 300,000 hectares of water bodies, including rivers, beels, tanks and ponds, swamps and a reservoir. The current annual production is estimated to be 150,000 tons against actual demand of over 250,000 tons. The present per capita consumption of fish is estimated to be 6-7 kilograms, which is well below the nutritional requirement of about 10-12 kilograms per capita. Because of the high demand of fish in the state, the price of fish ranges between Rs. 40-60 per kilogram, which is relatively high for most consumers. -41-

Horticulture

16. Assam has a great potential for expansion of horticultural production. Out of net cultivable area of 2.7 million hectares less than 20 percent is under horticultural crops, mostly grown as homestead gardens. Commercial cultivation of horticultural crops faces a numDer of constraints includipigpoor quality of planting material, long gestation ppriods of common species in the area, heavy initial investment, lack of technical packages, inadequate extension service, weak post-harvest infrastructure and poor roads and transportation system for marketing.

Livestock Development

17. Despite the large population of livestock in Assam (estimated to be 7.5 million of which more than one million could be improved), its - productivity is low mainly because of the poor genetic potential and inadequate nutrition. To increase annual milk and meat production from about 640 million liters and 13,000 tons respectively, the GOA existing program is designed to improve the indigenous dairy cattle by cross-breeding with exotic animals. GOA believes this can be achieved through a combination of the use of purchased frozen pure Jersey semen, bulls of exotic breed and a 50 t Jersey-indigenous frozen semen from elite local bulls.

Extension service

18. Provision of agricultural extension service in the state is the responsibility of the Department of Agriculture. The department functions through Agricultural Extension Officers in-charge of districts and subject matter specialists and local level cadres, Village Level Extension Workers (VLEWs). The extension system applied is that of Training and Visit (T&V) promoted and supported by the Bank through the National Agricultural Extension Projects. Though the schematic arrangement of the provision of extension service is impressive, the Training and Visit (T&V) system has become ineffective because of the growing multi-function responsibility of the extension agents contrary to the concept of the system itself. Additionally, the system lacks viable technological messages to convey to the farmer.

19. The training program for extension workers is based on simple repetitive messages, which are only appropriate for promoting technological packages of a single crop. The training is not responsive to needs of diversification at the farm level. Extension workers need to be trained to deliver multiple messages, advise on a large variety of crops and provide market information, all in the same regular visits.

20. In Assam, VLEWs are assisted by multi-purpose Field Management Committees (FMC) covering 2-3 villages. So far, there are more than 10,000 registered FMCs in the state responsible for over 22,000 villages. To improve the effectiveness of the extension service, GOA plans to use FMCs as probe groups to keep the department activities on the right track and ensure farmers' involvement in planning and implementation of agricultural schemes. Using a group approach would be a new dimension of using extension service as a broad based tool for technology transfer. -42-

Public Expenditure

21. Tue objective of the state development plan was to reduce the incidence of poverty from 52% of the population living below the poverty line in 1978 to 23% in 1990 and-10% by 1995. Additionally, the plan was to reduce the rural population dependent on agriculture (currently estimated to be 70% of the population) to small scale industries by 10-15S. To achieve this, GOA decided to direct public expenditure to rural development activities.

22. Though physical and financial targets were achieved by 1992, the incidence of poverty remained unchanged. Development expenditure was diverted to provide short-term relief, including employment generating activities and support to rural programs. Effective programs could not be promoted due to weaknesses in the implementation machinery.

23. The focus of implementation of the rural programs was directed towards providing financial assistance to as many people as possible without regard to the long-term objective of poverty reduction. More effective monitoring and control systems were not in place to ensure the need for increasing the productive capacity of the target groups. Basically, the financial assistance was used as unemployment allowances for the rural population.

24. Because of the short term objectives of the programs, there was a significant increase in revenue expenditure, crowding out expenditure for capital formation across all sectors, including agriculture. In most cases, subsidies accounted for most of the revenue expenditure increase. The growth in expenditure was also caused by increased salaries and wages and to a limited extent, increases in operation and maintenance of fixed assets. The extent of subsidies varied between 50 and 100% depending on -the type of activity and source of finance. Activities supported by GOI were fully subsidized and those by GOA were paid for by beneficiaries up to 50% of the cost.

25. Despite the high subsidy rates for crop production inputs, such as seeds of high yielding varieties (HYV) and fertilizers, their up take remained low partly because of the limitations on the quantity handled by licensed distributors. The process of obtaining licenses was also long and cumbersome. License holders are required to maintain separate registers for subsidized inputs which are sold at fixed prices set by government. Invariably, these prices do not cover local transport and handling expenses and bank charges, including interest on borrowed funds for input purchases. Even depreciation and profit margins were not factored in the price estimate.

26. Though part of the revenue expenditure was for O&M, more than 50% of the increase went to salaries and wages. As a result, public assets in the state continue to deteriorate for lack of adequate maintenance. The Integrated Rural Development Projects (IRDP) are given priority in state budgets for two main reasons. Firstly, the projects are supported by the central government and are a source of funds for the state, and secondly these projects are supposed to support families below the poverty line, which is consistent with the overall state development objective. During the last five -43-

year development plan, more than 80% of the actual expenditure in the state was allocated to rural development projects. For example, in 1991/92 alone, about 83t of the budget or an equivalent of Rs. 172 million was spent on rural development related activities.

27. - Despite large sums of money are spent on rural programs, the quality of life of the target group continued to decline. Also, financing from the center, which is expected to cover more than 50% of the IRDP budget, was not released as planed, causing additional strain on the state budget leading to unfinished projects.

Sources of State Revenue

28. Public funds in the state include receipts from cost recoveries, grants, loans, cess and surcharges, taxes and non-tax sources. Cost recovery for various sectors has remained low for many years. There have been no water charges paid by farmers from public irrigation schemes and new tariffs set for power have been introduced recently. The mechanism for cost recovery is basically non existent.

Center and State Financing

29. Public expenditure in the agriculture and allied sectors is allocated in plan and non-plan schemes, central sector schemes and central sponsored schemes. State plan and non plan schemes are entirely financed by the state budget while central sector schemes are wholly funded by the central government. In the centrally sponsored schemes, the proportion of central and state funds varies between schemes and sectors. Some of the central sponsored activities are supported by loans and grants specifically assigned to those schemes.

30. Most of the expenditure in the state plan and non-plan schemes is supported by the state budget. However, capital expenditure is shared between the state and the center depending on the type of scheme concerned. In general, revenue has tended to be smaller than expenditure. It is worthy noting that whenever expenditure was incurred from a loan amount, this was provided for in the state plan. In most cases, loans were used to finance schemes in the crop husbandry sector. Only in exceptional cases were loan funds used to finance dairy and fisheries development activities. It was clear in the analysis of the public expenditure in the state that the composition of expenditure was highly variable and showed no trend. This out come underscores the poor quality of planning and resource allocation mechanism in the state government bureaucracy.

Public Enterprises

31. Most public enterprises in agriculture and allied sectors fail to accomplish their stated objectives. They are more involved in activities outside their jurisdiction. Their financial performance has also been unsatisfactory. The operating expenses-have out stripped revenue. The management of the working capital has also been inadequate, maintaining high levels of slow moving inventories and poor collection rates of receivables. -44-

Most of thexe organizations have poor gearing ratios exhibiting high debt equity ratios and are involved in non-profitable operations. Because of the poor performance, many _enterpriseshave survived through massive infusion of public funds in the form of grants and loans from government.

32. Despite vast fertile agricultural land and abundant rainfall over the successive plan periods, Assam continues to remain economically backward and poor. The state imports food grains equivalent to Rs.7,000 million annually. This amount could be invested in the state for further development if the state was self sufficient in food grains.

Subsidies

33. The state government spends large sums of money in providing subsidies to farmers f6r agricultural inputs including, fertilizers, irrigation water, electricity and credit. During 1990 alone, GOA spent more than Rs. 100 million on subsidies for seed, fertilizer and farm implements. However; from the 1970s, fertilizer has continued to be subsidized by GOI through a nationwide fertilizer subsidy scheme. In addition to the general subsidy for these inputs, GOA provides special subsidies for fertilizers, seeds, farm machinery, small implements to identified needy farmers through various state agricultural development programs.

34. The main target group for these special subsidies include marginal and small farmers. The subsidy rates range between 25% for small implements, 50t for fertilizers and 100t for irrigation water. The selection of the marginal and small farmers depends on their "land based economic identity", which creates a latitude for abuse by administrators of the subsidy program.

35. A separate study (Impact of Subsidies on Agricultural Development in Assam by the state Agricultural University) established that, withdrawal of subsidies in agriculture would lead to insignificant drop in the State Domestic Product. However, given the high opportunity cost of capital in the state due to scarcity of resources, the marginal return on investment for the subsidy amount in other activities would be enormous.

Agricultural Inputs

36. Fertil"ii. Nitrogenous fertilizers in Assam are manufactured by Public Corporations which also market about 80% of their production through sister organizations in Guwahati, the state capital. Though the remaining quantity of fertilizer is distributed by private dealers under license, the price of fertilizer is still controlled and set by government. Because of the subsidy element in the pricing structure of the fertilizer, and the laborious procedures for obtaining licenses, private distributors are discouraged from handling this commodity, particularly in remote areas where distribution costs are relatively high.

37. Assam farmers consume the lowest quantity of fertilizers in the country. Between 1987 and 1992, fertilizer consumption averaged 8 kilograms per hectare, with the highest level attained in 1991 mainly due to extenxive campaign including increased subsidy from 10 to 20 percent of the fertilizer -45-

price. Other factors limiting the use of fertilizer in the state is the poor infrastructure for input delivery and inadequate control of water for irrigation. It is estimated only 20 percent of the cropped area is irrigated annually.

38. - The responsibility for fertilizer procurement and distribution lies with the public sector organizations (Assam Agro-Industries Development Corporation-AAIDC, and STATFED). However, most of the fertilizer is diverced to the tea plantations (preferred customers) leaving small quantities for food grain production. Though farmers understand the benefit of using fertilizers, the product is either.not available when required or it is the wrong type when delivered. This situation is caused by liquidity problems of the state government which is unable to finance fertilizer procurement, and the poor market analysis by public sector corporations handling fertilizers distribution, to determine actual demand.

39. Seeds. As for HYV, the level of adoption has also lagged behind mainly because of unavailability of suitable early maturing varieties of cereals including paddy which is the main grain crop. Because of the special climate and soils in the state, agricultural technologies including improved crop varieties developed in other parts of the country have proven to be unsuitable in Assam.

40. The government of Assam established the Assam Seeds Corporation late in 1960s to produce and distribute seeds in the state. The corporation produces certified and foundation seeds in its own farms and distributes it through the Department of Agriculture. However, in exceptional cases, it sub- contracts registered private growers to produce certified paddy seed. As in the case of fertilizers, subsidies discourage private dealers from handling seed as well.

41. The responsibility for breeder seed production lies exclusively with the Assam Agricultural University (AAU). Though certified seed is produced by ASC, Department of Agriculture and private seed growers, its certification is done by another agency, the Assam State Seed Certification Agency (ASSCA). Nevertheless, the responsibility for seed procurement from other states and agencies still lies with ASC. Actual distribution to farmers is handled by village level farmers cooperative organizations (Gaon Panchayat Samabay Samathi-GPSS). Because of the large number of players involved in the seed industry, logistical problems render the system ineffective. Efforts to strengthen seed production can not succeed unless the distribution system is streamlined through the private sector.

Land Tenure

42. Assam state introduced Land reform laws since India's independence in 1947. Their objective was to protect share croppers from indiscriminate eviction. The laws provide tenants the right of occupation and cultivation of the land for 3-5 years. The laws also established crop-rent to be paid by tenants. -46-

43. The state enacted Land Ceiling and Consolidation Acts to limit the size of land holding for equity reason and provide economic units for agricultural production. Because of the weak administrative structure and poor land records, enforcing the laws is difficult.

44. - Also, Communal land laws exist which restrict unauthorized use of open grazing lands for other purpose. The government charges grazing fees on such lands. Because the rates charged are so low, there is no incentive for farmers to reduce the population-of livestock and increase their productivity.

Marketing and Croo Movement

45. The poor marketing infrastructure for agricultural produce in the state is caused by underdeveloped transport and communication, inadequate provision of institutional credit in rural areas, lack of market information and inadequate storage facilities. As a result production of high value crops, such as fruits and vegetables and increased production of grains is hampered despite the existing potential.

46. In an effort to improve the price of agricultural produce, GOA established Regulated Markets for major crops, under the Assam Agricultural Market Act of 1972. These markets provide facilities such as storage, weighing scales, and act as produce collection centers for whole sale marketing. Some of these centers are terminal markets for produce destined to larger out of state markets. However, the poor marketing arrangements caused mostly by government intervention, and sometimes the need for trans-shipment at rail road terminals because of different rail gauges; high handling costs reduce the final price paid to producers.

47. Under the Essential Commodities Act, GOA has enacted laws restricting movement of paddy, rice, pulses and oilseeds outside the state and empowered public agencies to be sole buyers of such produce. The statutory prices paid to growers are in most cases lower than market prices. Though the objective of public control over marketable surplus was to eliminate price fluctuations in the market and ensure availability of produce to consumers at "reasonable price", the effort has nevertheless failed to abolish private markets. Because of government controls, private dealers create artificial scarcity of certain commodities to exploit consumers. In such an arrangement, neither farmers nor consumers benefit from government intervention.

Aaro-Processina

48. - Agro-processing of certain products is controlled by issuance of licenses. The control includes basic commodities, such as rice mill, flour mill, sugar mill, edible oils, refined rice bran oil, processed food industries including biscuits, bakery products etc,. Similarly, fruit and vegetable processing requires a license whose application must be made on a prescribed form, with a long waiting period for approval.

49. The Essential Commodities Act even prescribes methods of preparation of beverages from pulp or extraction of juices from fully ripe and sound fruits, etc. Even when licenses are issued at relatively high fees, -47-

frequent government inspection discourages entrepreneurs from establishing additional agro-processing units. Annex 2 -48- P.K. Bora ____~ Addl. Chief Secretary W Agriculture Production Commissionerand Special Commi.sioner & S;ecial Secretarv. Agriculture. Veterinary. Fisbary. Paichayat Et Rural Development. Revenue Departments. Government of Assam. Dispur. Guwahati-781 006. No..AGA.438/93/Pt .I/ April 6, 1995

To Mr. Heinz Vergin Director India Department, The World Bank Washington, D.C.

Sub: Assam-Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project

Dear Sir,

Government of Assam has been implementing economic develop ment plans and schemes with special focus on agriculture and rural development. Many of these programmes directly relate to alleviation of poverty of the backward sections of the people. The programmes are being Implemented with varying degrees of success. SOme of these matters were discussed during the in-depth studies conducted for the World Bank assisted Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project.

After considering various aspects of the Govt. policies based on our discussions and as analysed in the Agricultural Strategy Paper, Government of Assam has approved the proposed reforms as detailed in the attached Policy Matrix.

Yours sincerely,

( P.K. Bora ) NDIA ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT MATRIX OF POLICY REFORMS

_ dii~. Measures Actions Iuple_etingAgency/Offieial 1. Crop (i) Promote private (i) Issue government orders by Mi) DOA (horticulture and Diversification and sector involvement in the end of 1996 to invite Extension). private sector the production of seed private sector companies and participation and seedlings. individuals to operate and manage foundation and certified seed multiplication farms and horticultural nurseries currently run by the Agriculture Department and public agencies.

2. Subsidies and (i) Define priority of (i) Prepare a five-year plan by (i) GOA (Planing and Finance rationalization of investment and the end of 1996 to phase out GOA Departs). public expenditure identify subsidies to subsidies on agricultural be phased out. inputs, except those for tribals and scheduled castes covered by special programs.

(ii) Promote private (ii) Phase out subsidies for (ii) GOA (DOA-Engineering sector involvement in farm machinery hire service wing). the farm machinery offered by the Engineering Wing hire service by of the Department of Agriculture introducing full cost to encourage private sector recovery from its involvement, by the end of 1996. clientele for similar service provided by the Engineering wing of the Department of Agriculture. Policy Measures Actions I plementing ency/Official 3. Water-Resources (i) Implement the (i) Initiate implementation of (i) Irrigation Department. Irrigation Act of the Irrigation Act of 1992 in 19920. 1996, according to agreed plan that would allow full cost recovery of water from beneficiaries, including the cost of electricity for public deep tube wells and lift irrigation schemes.

(ii) Transfer (ii) During 1996, issue (ii) Irrigation Department. ownership of public government order to facilitate irrigation assets, transfer of new and including surface rehabilitated irrigation schemes irrigation schemes, under the project to deep tube wells, etc. beneficiaries. to water users and introduce a cess to y recover their capital cost. (iii) Encourage (iii) Encourage private and (iii) Fisheries Department private and cooperative sector investment in cooperative sector fisheries development by investment in extending lease periods for fisheries development. water bodies from three to 7 years by issuing related government orders during 1996. Po'1i - - ' - -Measurefi *tleg !InpI lementing SenctY/Official

4. Public Sector Phase out unprofitable Prepare during 1996 a schedule Chief Secretary, GOA Undertakings Public Sector for phasing out non-viable Undertakings. public sector enterprises in agriculture.

5. Sector Rationalize During 1996, assign Chief Secretary, GOA Departments Responsibility between responsibility for fisheries Departments policy development to the Department of Fisheries to include all public water bodies.

/ -52-

Annex 3 Attachment 1

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

RURAL ROADS

- TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTSFOR CONTRACT SUPERVISION

Background

1. The Government of India has applied for a Loan/Credit from the World Bank/IDA on behalf of the Government of Assam for a Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project (RIASP). The project would replace with permanent materials unserviceable timber bridges and the upgrade rural/village roads where improved access would enhance development of the agriculture sector in general and the mobility of the rural population. In concentrating in high potential areas of the state, the selection of roads was limited to only six districts, including: Lakhimpur, Darrang, Nagaon, Sibsagar, Kamrup and Cachar. The roads concerned would be constructed in trenches to be completed over eight-years.

2. The roads are to be constructed to geometric and pavement standards for rural roads as prescribed in the publications of the Indian Roads Congress. Bridges for village roads with low traffic would be single lane in permanent materials. The project also provides for the maintenance of these roads and bridges during the project period.

3. The road works are divided into separate contract packages for each district each costing about Rs. 20 to 30 million. The works are to be awarded on the basis of the World Bank's standard LCB document as agreed between the Bank and GOI. As is now standard for World Bank-funded road works elsewhere in India the contract works are to be supervised by a consultant appointed in compliance with the World Bank's Guidelines for the Procurement of Consultants' Services. The PWD may wish to second selected staff to work under the consultant's authority to gain experience, but this would be a matter for mutual agreement. Should the consultant be expatriate, it may be useful for that firm to take into joint venture a local firm, knowledgeable in Indian conditions.

Obiectives

4. The objectives of contract supervision through consultant services would be to:

(a) ensure that the conditions of contract and specifications of the works are administered by personnel whose experience in all the aspects of the contract works and administration has been assured in the consultant's proposal; and

(b) promote technology transfer to PWD staff who may be seconded or to local consultants with whom joint venture arrangements may be made. -53-

2

5. The consultant will have overall responsibility for ensuring the satisfactory progress and completion of the contracts' works in compliance with the specifications and terms and conditions of the contract. Tenders for the contract works will be invited by the Chief Engineer, PWD, Guwahati. The consultant will prepare an evaluation report on the bids received for submission to the Chief Engineer before the selection of the lowest evaluated bidder has been made and the report award recommendations sent to the World Bank for approval.

Definitions

Contractor: is a person or firm whose tender for road and/or bridge works under the RIASP is accepted by GOA and whose contract has been signed.

Contract: is the contract entered into between the State of Assam and the contractor for execution of the project road/bridge works.

Works: means the economic assets to be constructed in accordance with the contract. nEconomic Asset is deemed to include any temporary structures or facilities, borrow pits and quarries needed for that purpose.

Agreement: means the agreement between the State of Assam and the consultant for the engineering supervision of the contract.

Engineer: means the consultant, Messrs...... appointed under the Agreement.

Engineer's Representative: means the representative employed by the Engineer with the consent of the Employer to supervise the contract on site.

Employer: means the State of Assam represented by the Chief Engineer, PWD, Guwahati.

Duties and Responsibilities of the Enaineer

6. The duties of the Engineer are to supervise the works and to approve the materials and workmanship of the works in cooperation and consultation with the Employer. He shall have no authority to relieve the contractor of any of his duties or obligations under the Contract, nor to order any work entailing delays or any extra payment by the employer.

7. Accordingly, and subject to the prior approval of the Employer for actions listed in Para 3 above, the principal responsibilities of the Engineer would be to:

(a) issue the order to the Contractor to commence; -54-

(b) explain and/or adjust ambiguitiesand/or discrepanciesin the Contract Documents and to provide assistance to the Employer in the settlement of disputes with the Contractor;

(c) review and verify the design of the contract works, to approve the Contractor'sworking drawings and, if necessary, to issue further drawings and/or to give instructionsto the Contractor;

(d) approve data for the setting out of work;

Ce) approve or to disapprove the Contractor s superintendence,key personnel and/or constructionprogram, land to be occupied by the Contractor, materials and/or sources of materials;

(f) order special tests of materials and completed works if necessary and/or removal and substitutionof improper materials and/or of work;

(g) control and appraise the progress of the works, to order the suspension of works and to authorize extensions of the period for completion of the Works;

(h) issue variation orders, to evaluate variations, to fix rates for un-priced work and/or to make recommendationsto the Employer regarding alternatives;

(i) issue interim certificates for payment to the Contractor on the basis of measured work items and to certify the completionof the works or parts thereof; the interim and final measurementsof work recorded by the Engineeres representativeshall be subject to a percentage check by the employer-designatedrepresentative(s);

(j) inspect the works periodically,as well as during and after the Maintenance Period and to issue the MaintenanceCertificates after the rectificationby the Contractor of possible defects;

(k) carry out generally all the duties of the Engineer as specified in the Contract within the limitations specified above;

(1) advise the Employer on all matters relating to claims from the Contractor and to make recommendationsthereon, including the possible recourse to arbitration;and

(m) prepare a maintenance manual for the project roads for guidance of PWD/DRDAin carrying out future maintenance of these roads and bridges.

Duties and Responsibilitiesof the Engineeres Reoresentativeand staff

8. The duties of the Engineeres representativeand his staff are under the overall control of the Engineer, to supervise constructionof the works, -55-

and to test or order to test and examine any materials to be used or workmanship employed in connection with the Works.

9. The principal responsibilitiesof the Engineeres Representative would be to:

(a) inspect the performance of the Works with regard to workmanship and compliance with the specificationsand to order, to supervise or perform tests on materials and/or work and to approve or disapprove the Contractor's plant and equipment;

(b) order, if required, the uncovering of completed work and/or the removal and substitutionof improper materials and/or work;

(c) check systematicallythe progress of the Works and to order the initiation of certain work which is part of the Contract;

(d) examine and attend the measurement of any work which is about to be covered up or put out of view before permanent work is placed thereon and/or to examine and attend the measurement of the completed works in the prescribed form;

(e) check the Contractor'saccounts, invoices, claims and other statements with respect to arithmeticalerrors and compliance with the Contractor and, if required, to make corrections thereof;

Cf) supervise the Contractor in all matters concerning safety and care of the works and, if required, to request from the Contractor the necessary lights, guards, fencing and watching;

(g) direct the Contractor to carry out all such work or to do all such things as may be necessary in the opinion of the Engineer's representativeto avoid or to reduce the risk in case of any emergency affecting the safety of life or of the Works or of adjoining property and to advise the Employer thereof as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable;

(h) keep a day-to-day project diary, which shall record all events pertaining to the administrationof the Contract, requests from and orders given to the Contractor,and any other informationwhich may at a later date be of assistance in resolving queries which may arise concerning execution of the Works;

(i) carry out such duties under the terms of the Contract as may from time to time be delegated in writing by the Engineer; and

(j) verify and correct the as-built drawings supplied by the Contractor. The Engineer shall furnish the Employer with a full list of all the responsibilitieshe will delegate to the Engineer's Representativefor supervisionof the Contract in accordance with the Agreement. -56-

Working Arrangements

10. The Chief Eng-ineer will depute the required number of engineers at various levels to work under the control of the consultant on various sites and the consultant will pay their remuneration (equal to salaries paid by GOA plus Zn percent deputation allowance, or the salary prescribed by the consultant, whichever is higher) regularly, including travelling allowances to them directly, and to GOA their pension and gratuity contributions for the period of deputation.

11. The consultant can obtain a panel of names from CE, PWD to select his team and he will have powers to seek replacements from time to time on reasonable grounds. If CE, PWD fails to provide substitutes in their place within 30 days of demand by the consultant, the latter will be free to engage his own local engineers in those positions with or without the assistance of his associate local consulting firm, if any.

12. The consultant shall have to record measurements of work from time to time in the form prescribed by CE, PWD and submit bills for passing to the Executive Engineer concerned of PWD. The Executive Engineer will, after physically checking at least 5 percent of the measurements on site and audit, make payment of the bill to the contractor under intimation to the consultant.

13. The consultant will also forward his comments on remarks, if any, taken on these works by the vigilance unit of GOA within 30 days of their receipt.

Additional Services

14. Additional responsibilities to those specified above, the Engineer would, if so requested by the Employer, perform any of the functions specified below:

(a) preparation of reports or additional contract documents for consideration of proposals for the carrying out of additional work;

(b) carrying out work consequent upon any assignment of the Contract;

(c) advising the Employer and carrying out work following the appeal to arbitration or litigation relating to the Works; and

(d) any other specialist services by the Engineer or other specialists as may be agreed upon.

15. All additional functions other chan minor extras without materially affecting the scope of work will be authorized by the Employer at rates or on a mon-month basis and under conditions to be mutually agreed. -57-

Reports and Documents

16. The Engineer shall furnish to the Employer the following reports and documents in the number of copies stated. All reports and documents shall be in English.

Prociress Reports (10 copies)

17. The Engineer shall submit Progress Reports to the Employer which shall include minutes of site meetings with the Contractor which the Engineeres Representative has convened, commencing at the end of the month following the date of award of the contract for construction. The reports shall also cover physical and financial progress, quality control aspects including analysis of test results, response to PWD's remarks, etc. After the issue of the Completion Certificate, these reports shall be submitted at quarterly intervals until the end of the Maintenance Period.

Comoletion Report (20 copies)

18. The Engineer shall submit a Completion Report at the time of final certification. -58-

Annex 3 Attachment_2

INDIA

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Rural Roads

Terms of Reference for Technical Assistance for Planninc and Detailed Encineerinc

I. BACKGROUND

1. The Government of India has received a Credit from the World Bank/IDA on behalf of the State of Assam for the Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project (ARIASP), covering rural infrastructure (roads and irrigation); poverty alleviation (production of grains, oilseeds pulses, horticultural crops, milk and fish); institutional development (technology generation and transfer, land administration, seed multiplication and training); and implementation of the project which also includes studies. Though the project area covers 23 districts, rural roads will be limited to six districts of Assam, namely Lakhimpur, Nagaong, Sibsagar, Kamrup, Darrang and Cachar. Each district is further divided into administrative blocks. The rural roads under the project include 1400 kms and 292 bridges. The construction would take about five years, though early completion is possible. Construction during the first year of the project would be approximately 200 km and a few selected bridges.

2. The roads would be constructed as per the standards for rural roads laid down in Indian Roads Congress publications subject to certain specific parameters. The roads are to be constructed with soil embankments, topped by a bedding of granular material t'murum'). inc-ludinga 10 cm metalling. Major bridges would generally be single-lane (replacing unserviceable wooden bridges). The project also provides for maintenance of these roads during the last two-three years of the project.

3. The road works are divided into separate contract packages, each costing about Rs. 10 to 20 million and covering roads in one or two (adjoining) blocks. There are 10 such packages in the first set of contracts and the following would vary between 10 to 15 contracts. The works are proposed to be awarded as per LCB procedures and standard bidding documents are to be adopted in accordance with the World Bank Guidelines.

II. OBJECTIVES

4. The main objectives of this consultancy would be as follows:

(a) motivate PWD staff;

(b) provide overall technical guidance for the PWD Staff in -59-

survey, investigation,subsoil exploration,design of roads, cross drainage works and Major Bridges included in the first years program;

(c) monitor progress and in case it is not satisfactory,initiate necessary corrective steps so costs adhere to the agreed schedule;

(d) get the detail drawings of roads, culverts and bridges prepared under their expert guidance by using the PWD staff to the maximum extent and following IRC guidelines as amended by the World Bank Experts for use on this project;

(e) prepare detailed estimates and project reports firming up quantities and reviewing the rates;

(f) prepare LCB bidding documents for the road and bridge packages for the remaining works;

(g). get the documents prepared for processing of the land acquisition cases, if any, for the works involved; and

(h) supervise preparation of road maps and other data for the - blocks so as to maintain the tempo of project-preparation.

III. TrMING OF CONSULTANCY

5. The assignment will become effective as soon as the Government of Assam finalizes the Consultants proposal. The period of completion of the work will be six months for preparation of detailed estimates and project reports. The bidding documents should be prepared by the end of 1995/96 fiscal year.

IV. SCOPE OF WORK

6. The assignment of the consultant will be as follows:

(a) The consultant will tackle about 200 kms of roads and cross drainage structures and about 1000 meters of major bridge crossing identified.for the first year;

(b) advise the SuperintendentEngineer, PWD assigned to the task, guide and supervise the work of the survey divisions of PWD who will be put on the job. The PWD team will carry out surveys of road alignments,investigate bridges, cross drainage sites, collect hydraulic data, subsoil investigations,material surveys and prepare base maps etc.;

(c) monitor the progress of the survey teams, and if at anytime the progress is not satisfactory,the consultant will suggest remedial measures to ensure timely completion of the job; -60-

(d) The consultant will be responsible for the designs of roads, and bridges using the survey data obtained;

(e) prepare detailed drawings employing PWD engineers;

(f) review the schedule/market rates and prepare detailed estimates and project reports six months of the date of commissioning;

(g) ensure that PWD prepares land Plan and schedules in respect of lands needed for the project works;

(h) provide within a months of commissioning the bidding documents for LCB packages, (by grouping of works in consultation with GOA) based on the model document being used for other Bank supported road projects and the. Bank guidelines;

{i) furnish the following documents:

a. Project Report: 25 copies

b. Plans and Estimates for each job: 15 copies

c. Drawings: Original Tracings

d. Bidding Documents: 5 copies

V. SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED BY PWD

7. GOA will be responsible for the following:

(a) immediately setup field divisions under SE and CEs;

(b) Post technical personnel to man all vacant positions;

(c) ensure that all survey instruments, laboratory equipment, boring and drawing office equipment are in good working condition and are available to the field units in the desired quantities;

(d) ensure that the survey and consultants teams will have adequate transport available throughout the period of consultancy;

(e) ensure that no assigned staff is removed or transfered without the consultant's prior approval;

(f) provide office and temporary housing (suites in PWD Guest House or one or two fully furnished Government Quarters with One bedroom per staff) to the consultant's staff throughout the period; -61-

(g) ensure that coordination with other Government/semi- government Departments will be done by PWD;

(h) make available data regarding quarries, quality and availability of local materials, analysis of Schedule of rates etc.; and

(i) assign a CE to be fully responsible for the Schedule of project preparation during the consultancy period.

VI. PAYMENT SCHEDULE

(a) On comnissioning 10'.

(b) 15 days after start - 30%

(c) 30 days after start - 30%

(d) Completion of DPRs, Estimates, drawings etc. - 10t

(e) On completion 20%. -62-

Annex 3 Attachment 3 INDIA

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Criteria for Ranking Rural Roads

Item Positive Points Max Points Remarks

P-1 Population connected/km (No) +1S FP' for 400/km & above P-2 Markets connected/km (No) +1S FP for 0.1/km & above P-3 Panchayat H/Q connected/km (No) +1S FP for b.1/km L above P-4 Present traffic at center of section +IS P-S Potential for traffic (agric, +20 irrigation industry) P-6 Benefit to existing network of roads +15 & nearby inhabitants (eg. access to schools, health centers, missing bridge etc.) P-7 Easy availability of construction + 5 materials

100 NeQative Points

N-l Cost/km including CD works -10 Zero for Rs. 0.8 million/km FP for Rs. 1.4 million/km a above N-2 Cost/km for bridges -15 Zero for Rs. 2.0 million/km FP for Rs. S.0 million/km E above N-3 Problems of land acquisition -iS FP for full and rehabilitation

N-4 Other adverse factors (eg. hill -10 slopes, drainage, agric lands etc.)

Note: To qualify for selection a road proposal must secure minimum 50 points, but the ultimate preference to be based on overall ranking.

/ FP . Full Points -63-

Annex 4 Attachment1.

Assam-Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Prolect

Soils and water management Studv

Terms of reference

1. The purpose of the study is to: 1. review the soil and water management constraints to production in the six agro climatic zones of the state and 2. suggest appropriate technological packages and social action process designed to enhance productive use and sustainability of the natural resources.

BackaTrounad

2. Rice based farming system is dominant in Assam. Despite a reasonably well distributed and high rainfall of about 2000 mm per year, quite favorable for double cropping, the crop intensity in the state is low and per Ha rice yield is poor just around 1000 Kgs/ha. Flooding, ill-drained conditions, cloudy weather during main crop season, and poor agronomic practices are attributed as chief causes for this poor performance.

3. Rice yields are high during summer season. Potentials for better land use through diversified cropping exist in summer. For expanding area under cultivation during this favorable season supplementary irrigation is required. But land-holdings in Assam are small, farmers are resource poor and are not able to invest on supplementary irrigation facilities. Earlier attempts by GOA in installing and operating Public tube-wells for irrigation have not been successful. In a few cases farmers have come together voluntarily, formed FMCs, installed tube-wells collectively and diversified cropping successfully. Can this be repeated on a larger scale?

4. Soils in Assam are generally acidic. Deficiency of minor elements are widespread. Soil fertility is poor. Application of inorganic fertilizers is pretty low; incorporation of organic manures is not practiced on any significant scale. Added to this the seasonal rains remove and wash off the top soil thereby depleting the soil fertility. This trend needs to be arrested and reversed.

s. Great potentials exist in the state for livestock, fisheries and sericulture development. Efforts to diversify cropping, introduce viable integrated farming systems and maximize natural resource use through a technology package have not been adequate. To design and promote such changes GOA has established Regional research stations, Field testing centers, soil survey units and introduced broad based extension approach. Activities of these organizations need to be coordinated and focussed towards securing better results.

6. In Assam land holdings are small and scattered. Pressure on land is high. For efficient natural resource management besides individual enterprise -64-

collective group action is considered as critical. Local institutionbuilding through formal as well as informal channels needs to be encouraged to promote sustained natural resource management.

ADDroach:

7. The study should address these issues, agro- climatic region-wise. Specifically it should review:

(a) Land use pattern and farm budgees;

(bi Major problems on soil fertility, soil erosion, and water management;

(c) Prevailing system for common land and other resources management;

(d) Status of soil survey and fertilitymapping;

(e) Status of ground water survey;

Cf) Functions, effectivenessand contributionof the regional research stations and field testing stations;

(g) Potentials for better land and water use;

(h) Grassroots institutions,both formal and informal, involved in natural resource management and their effectiveness;and

(i) Public policies influencingsoil and water management.

8. On the basis of the review the study should propose a technology package to improve soil fertility and water use management. It should also suggest measures to strengthen the efficiency and effectivenessof the public institutionsinvolved in technology generation and transfer.

9. In addition the study should come out with a social action package designed to implement the technologicalapproach through close involvementof the beneficiaries and their informal groups.

10. Public policies which would need to be adjusted to assist technology adoption and peoples involvementshould also be pointed out.

11. Draft findings of the study should be discussed in a seminar that will be organized by the PD- PIU. Final report should take in view the observationsof the seminar and ten copies of it should be submitted to the PD (PIU)

The duration of the study will be six months. -65-

Annex 4 Attachment 2

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

Marketine Study of High Value Crops

Terms of reference.

1. This study is aimed at reviewing the constraints for marketing of high value-crops in Assam and proposing possible policy, technological, institutional and cost effective investment options for overcoming them. -

Backgro=nd

2. Rice based farming system is predominant in Assam. To promote growth and to alleviate rural poverty it is considered essential to diversify, farming and introduce on a significant scale growing of high value crops. Potentials for growing high value crops of fruits, flowers, vegetables and spices exist. But there is hardly any reliable estimates on the quantity and trends in demand for these commodities within and outside the state to support investments and developmental activities.

3. Besides doubts exist on the viability of large scale investments on high value crops due to perceived constraints on marketing. These constraints include: predominance of small holder operation, constant threats from floods and ill drained conditions, inadequacy of all weather roads, poor rural storage facilities, far removed from other major market centers of the country And thereby leading to higher transport costs and delays in delivery, inland state with limited export potential, state movement restrictions and taxation policies, and inadequate institutional support.

4. A counter argument to the above listed constraints is advanced by well informed groups that these constraints are overstated and a large volume of tea grown in the state is moved out efficiently to competitive markets and variety of materials from fish and eggs to large timber moves every day into the state from within and outside the country. So it becomes essential to carefully review the critical bottlenecks in marketing of high value crops and design viable methods to overcome those.

Method

5. The consultant should first select a set of high value crops in which Assam has a perceived market advantage. The set of crops should then be finalized in consultation with the PIU.

6. In the next stage the demand and supply position and their trends for these selected crops within the state and country and in international markets both in volume and in monetary terms; potentials and viability for expanding the production of these commodities in Assam; constraints of technology, public policies, institutional and infrastructural inadequacies including marketing affecting growth should be assessed. Data for this survey should be gathered through primary and secondary sources and interview with established interest groups of both producers and traders, policy makers and -66-

academicians.

7. In the third stage viable options to overcome the perceived constraints should be studied and analyzed. This analysis should result in formulation of a matrix with specific suggestions for public policy and institutional adjustments and broad indications on investments for promoting crops with definite market advantage.

8. The preliminary observations and suggestions should then be presented for discussion in a select group of interested and involved people. The PIU will organize this meeting.

9. Benefitting from the group discussion a final report ( 6 copiesl- should be prepared and presented to the PD-PIU.

The study should be completed in a period of six months from assignment. hxia Assam Rural lrbastucur and Agecul Serias Proct Conponent Projec Cost Summary

Mse 000) (US$S000) % % Totl % % Total Foreign Base Foreign Baa Local Forign Total Exchange Cost Local Foregn Total Exc Cosat Poverty Aleviaon Horkculture 81,902.6 5,395.2 87,297.8 6 2 2,559.5 168.6 2,728.1 6 2 Flsheries 261,610.3 22,134.0 283,744.3 8 7 8,175.3 691.7 8,867.0 8 7 Lestck Deveboprt 383,580.9 17,589.9 401,170.8 4 10 11,986.9 549.7 12,536.6 4 10 Subtotal 727,093.8 45,119.2 772,212.9 6 19 22,721.7 1,410.0 24,131.7 6 19 Infrasbucture Irrigation 490,445.5 26,108.0 516,553.5 5 13 15,326.4 815.9 16,142.3 5 13 Rural Roads 1,720,618.0 154,622.0 1,875,240.0 8 47 53,769.3 4,831.9 58,601.3 8 47 Subtotl 2,211,063.5 180,730.0 2,391,793.5 8 60 69,095.7 5,647.8 74,743.5 8 60 Insttutlonal Developmen TechnologyGeneation 83,223.4 7,211.3 90,434.7 8 2 2,600.7 225.4 2,826.1 8 2 Educationand Training 76,542.4 3,9232 80,465.5 5 2 2,391.9 122.6 2,514.5 5 2 Exdension 326,900.4 12,193.6 339,093.9 4 9 10,215.6 381.0 10,596.7 4 9 Seed MutpNcatlon 6,327.8 489.8 6,817.5 7 197.7 15.3 213.0 7 - Land Admbot9tion 196 20,081.8 216,767.1 9 5 6,146.4 627.6 6,774.0 9 5 Subtl 689,679.2 43,899.6 733,578.7 6 18 21,552.5 1,371.9 22,924.3 6 18 PmIecl mplenentation 69,605.4 1,164.8 70,770.3 2 2 2,175.2 36.4 2,211.6 2 2 Totel BASEUNE COSTS 3,697,441.9 270,913.5 3,968,355.4 7 100 115,545.1 8,466.0 124,011.1 7 100 PhysicalCo alngexces 396,955.6 30,773.4 427,729.0 7 11 12,404.9 961.7 13,366.5 7 11 Price Contingencies 1,187,149.5 93,242.8 1,280,392.3 7 32 8,474.2 805.0 9,279.1 9 7 Total PROJECT COSTS 5,281,546.9 394,929.7 5,676,476.7 7 143 136,424.1 10,232.7 146,656.8 7 118

m>-

m x 1- n Aean feud kluck md A hh_ud5al'Sm PraJa Pv Co ns by Y_ - 8_n- Comm

1111IM1 7 W97N g_ S 11 a2 e ii4n susA Tm _W 9637 ITS SO _ Mi e112 nom Tod

Houics 16,3262 15,071.1 12,613.5 11.2412 10,102.9 7,300.4 7,314.3 7,328.2 87,297.8 5102 471.0 394.2 351.3 3157 228.1 228.6 229.0 2,7281 Fiss 59,40.8 45,59.6 32,223.8 31,223.6 31,223.6 2,377.6 28,377.6 28,e77.6 23,744.3 1,870.0 1.425.0 1,0070 975.7 975.7 e66.6 686.8 839.9 8,87.0 Lfrdoa DsvsopnmD 90,3s666 89,1352 4m).3 33MU.7 36,U4.0 41,68.8 30I.39 30,447.4 401,170.5 2*24.0 2.7e.5 1,506.9 1,0576 1,141.7 1,300.9 966.5 951.5 ¶2,536.6 S w ISO166,33. 149,805.9 93,059.4 76,30s.5 77.8o.5 77,306.9 660w.9 64.663.3 772212.9 52042 4.e614 2,90W.1 2,36.7 2,433.1 2,415.8 2,083.9 2,020.4 24,131.7

ig"m 900.0 31,448.8 70,048.9 96,647.4 102,488.9 100,9D4.9 79.726.4 34,388.4 516,553.5 28.1 962.8 2,189.0 3.0202 3202.5 3.153.3 2,491.4 1,074.6 16.142.3 Runl Fos 1252,.0 181,060.0 216.460.0 301,260.0 304260.0 31C,010.0 247,510.0 122,445.0 1.875,240.0 3.913.6 5.033.1 9,233.1 9,414.4 9,508.1 9,937.8 7.734.7 3,62e.4 58,601.3 Sub_uS 126,135.0 19,508.8 365,506.9 37.907.4 406.748.9 418,914.9 327236.4 156,833.4 2,3e1,793.5 3,941.7 6,015.9 11,4222 1Z434.6 12710.9 13,091.1 10,226.1 4,901.0 74,743.5 _tamDO_wwpms TsdnoayGwwo 17,786.5 30,741.6 20,269.2 8,065.5 3,990.2 3,1872 3.1872 3,1872 90.434.7 555.8 960.7 633.4 252.7 124.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 2,826.1 Effc fTn*" 11,321.9 20,823.3 9,952.0 7,140.5 7,224.0 8,938.1 8,078.5 6,987.3 80,465.5 353.8 650.7 311.0 223.1 225.8 279.3 252.5 218.4 2,514.5 Ernmu 54,055.3 63239.5 42.9092 38,244. 36.s662 35.656.0 37,762.0 30,472.0 33,093.9 1,8892 1.9762 1,343.7 1.1952 1,14.8 1,114.2 1,180.1 9522 10,596.7 SeedMpaban * 952.5 1.005.0 1.0575 1.1100 1,162.5 1215.0 315.0 6,8175 - 29.8 31.4 33.0 34.7 36.3 38.0 9.8 213.0 Lnd Ad _StSrfon 68,624.3 69365.1 77,070.1 M75 337.5 337.5 337.5 337.5 216,767.1 2,144.5 2,168.3 2,408.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 6,774.0 SIS 151,787.9 1,142.0 151295.5 u.s6.9 49,326.9 49,281.3 50,o82 41,299.0 733,576.7 4,743.4 5,785.7 4,728.0 1,714.6 1,541.5 1,540.0 1,580.6 1290.6 22.924.3 P j r _wnwnSu 2.4384 7,774.6 10,818.4 12,357.5 12,800.3 11,173.4 6,415.1 6,994.5 70,770.3 76.1 243.0 336.1 3662 400.0 3492 200.5 216.6 2,211.6 TOM AIEL COMT 446,s2.9 535231.3 620.882.3 541440.3 546,735.6 556,7.4 450,915.5 269,760.1 3,988.355.4 13,965.4 16,726.0 19.396.3 1892.0.0 17,085.5 17.396.1 14,961.1 8.430.6 124,011.1 PhyFdC-iinucia 4229.5 57,089.9 61150.1 53,9391 56,783.4 59,597.5 52,213.9 37,62.6 427,729.0 1,321.6 1.784.1 2,129.7 1,685.8 1,774.5 1,8624 1,631.7 1,177.0 13,366.5

Wm-on Loal 18,324.5 64,445.8 120.8072 144,406.9 189,113.3 237,363.6 235,157.1 173,221.6 1,162,642.0 572.6 2,013.9 3.775.2 4,512.8 5,909.8 7.417.6 7,348.7 5.4132 36.963.8 Foi 326.7 1.43.1 2,816.9 3,3012 4,236.1 5,836.0 5,141.3 2,590.0 25,758.4 102 44.9 902 1032 132.4 182.4 150.7 80.9 805.0 Subk hUmus 10,6612 66,83.9 123,694.1 147.7102 193,351.4 243,199.7 240,28.4 175,811.6 1,38S,0.4 562.8 2,068.9 3,366.4 4.615.9 6,0422 7,600.0 7,09.3 5.494.1 37,768.8 Dosvlon 1,7956. 5,052.4 6,510.0 9,121.8 11.3212 15,472.5 13,601.0 6,9162 71,791.9 -792.0 1.632.8 -3,019.9 -3,478.5 -4,441.7 -5,518.4 -5,419.7 *3,96.7 -26.469.8 sutiot PiceConvivclss 20u47.9 70,936.3 132,204.1 156,831.9 204,872.6 2566722 253,899.4 182.727.8 1280.392.3 .209.1 226.1 84.6 1,137.5 1.8001 2,061. 2,089.6 1,507.4 927.1o TodWPRAECT COSTS 509,633.4 863,257.6 U1.038.5 752,2112 88,182.7 874.946.0 757,031.9 490,170.4 5.676.476.7 15,077.9 18,7361 22.371.6 19,7431 20,460.6 21,340.1 17,812.4 11,115.0 146,656.8 1

Tas 25,896.7 33,484.4 41,199.9 36,50.8 40233.4 45,465.5 38.455.9 22.221.7 283,714.3 763.4 945.9 1,122.6 967.2 1,018.6 1,108.9 904.8 503.9 7,335.3 FonliEx&-ps 31,715.3 49,448.3 62463.3 53,555.3 56,047.7 66256.7 51,748.6 23,694.6 394,929.7 938.3 1.396.8 1.79.0 1.405.7 1,418.9 1.616.0 1.2176 537.3 10,2327

I30 - CD mx( Inda Auam Ruranlrartructuru andAgricutural Serices Projd Pract COmponwntby Yw - Toas buctuingCatngmtn_e

Toals Mdkina Candnlaniias (Rs W0) ToaLs7mkudln Co_tlnaanc (US$ W000) S9M 9S1f7 97m 9 9 0681 01/02 02/03 TotS S9 9697 9797M7 5 60 OM 01102 02M0 TONI Pon A tbrticultur 18,751.8 18,701.2 16,745.0 15,877.3 15,187.0 11,728.1 12,456.5 13,230.8 122,677.7 554.8 528.3 456.3 416.7 384.5 286.1 293.1 300.0 3,219.7 Fishwris 67,974.0 56,f97.1 43,459.2 44,679.9 47,359.0 45,929.5 48.682.5 49,007.0 404,068.3 2,011.1 1,607.3 1,184.2 1,172.7 1,199.0 1,120.2 1,145.5 1.113.1 10,553.0 Liveork Develpent 100,3T772l ,97 62,391.8 47,091.1 53,733.0 64,588.1 51,485.7 53,748.5 540,302.1 2,99.7 3,020.0 1,700.0 1,236.0 1,360.3 1,575.3 1,211.0 1,218.8 14,291.1 Sut7O 187,103.0182,505.1 122,596.1 107,648.2 116,279.0122,245.8 112,604.7 116.0f6.4 1,067,048.1 5,535.6 5.155.5 3,340.5 2,825.4 2,943.8 2,981.6 2,649.5 2,631.9 28,063.8 h l _r Irrigadan 963.0 37,547.5 89,367.6 130,971.7 147,566.4154,478.1 130,166.4 81.031.2 752,112.0 29.1 1,060.7 2,435.1 3,437.6 3,735.9 3.767.8 3,062.7 1,383.9 18,912.7 5 Rual Roads 139,001.2197,582.6 386,122.0 418,486.5450,799.6 501,372.3 417,025. 224,828.52,735,018.2 4,1125 5,581.4 10,521.0 10,983.9 11,412.6 12,228.6 9,812.4 5,093.6 69,748.0 SubltSt 139,984.3235,130.1 475.489.5 549,458.2598,366.0 855,850.4 547,191.9 285,659.73,487.1302 4,141.5 6,642.1 12,958.1 14,421.5 15,148.5 15.996.4 12.875.1 6,477.5 68.f8.7 raUnl s TudnobgyyGwatbt 20,248.5 37,742.4 26,f64.2 11,523.7 6,250.6 5,430.5 5,758.1 6,101.7 119,705.5 599.0 1.066.2 726.3 302.5 158.2 132.5 135.4 138.4 3,258.4 EductonandTrakint 12.6782 25,534.7 12.784.7 9,736.7 10,455.1 13,645.6 13,055.1 11,990.0 109.889.1 375.1 721.3 348.4 255.6 264.7 332.8 307.2 272.1 2,877.1 Ex7wiom f2,.7 78.f80.7 58,181.0 55.137.8 5f253.2 58.222.8 65,125.2 68829.0 491,220.4 1,857.7 2.222.6 1,585.3 1,447.2 1,424.1 1,420.1 1,532.4 1,288.6 12,778.0 S"d Mu3ti7ication . 1,156.6 1,306.2 1,464.3 1,636.6 1,824.3 2,028.6 803.3 10,019.8 - 32.7 35.8 38.4 41.4 44.5 47.7 13.7 254.0 LarndAdmnmistration f4,027.7 93,193.7 110,219.8 511.7 542.4 574.9 609.4 646.0 290.325.6 2.486.0 2,632.6 3003.3 13.4 13.7 14.0 14.3 14.6 8,192.1 Sutl 1797430 236,308.0 209,145.9 78,3742 75,137.8 79,698.3 86,574.4 76,178.9 1.021,160.5 5,317.8 6,675.4 5,698.8 2,057.1 1,902.2 1.943.9 2,037.0 1,727.4 27,359.6 PmoedmplpWmenlati 2,803 9,314.3 13,806.0 18,730.6 18,4098 17,151.8 10,657.8 12,265.4 101,237.8 82.9 263.1 376.2 439.1 486.1 418.3 250.8 278.1 2,574.6 Totl PROJECTCOSTS 509,633.4663.257.6 821,036.5 752,2112 808.192.7 874.940,0757,028.9 490,170.4 5,676.476.7 15,077.9 18,736.122.371.6 19,743.1 20,460.6 21,340.1 17,812.4 11,115.0 146,656.8

'D

> 7D

Li t- India AssamRural Infrasbucture and Agricuhtural Services Prject ExpwndiwtureAccounts Prolect Cost Summary

(Rs 1000) (US$ 1000) % % Total % % Total Foreign Bae Foreign Base Local Foreign Total Exde Costs Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs Investent Costs Cli Works 1,696,187.5 188,465.3 1,884,652.8 10 47 53,005.9 5,889.5 58,895.4 10 47 Vehldes 75,928.0 18,982.0 94,910.0 20 2 2,372.8 593.2 2,965.9 20 2 MchlSrwny,Equ.TpentandFumlture 560,384.7 11,436.4 571,821.1 2 14 17,512.0 357.4 17,869.4 2 14 TraIning 154,860.0 - 154,860.0 - 4 4,839.4 - 4,839.4 - 4

Technical Assistance 82,685.5 - 82,685.5 - 2 2,583.9 - 2,583.9 2

Planing Materials 263.0 - 263.0 - - 8.2 - 8.2 Demnos, Field Rsch, Surverys 168,837.0 - 168,837.0 - 4 5,276.2 5,276.2 - 4

Purchase of Lvestock 34,675.0 - 34,675.0 - 1 1,083.6 1,083.6 1

NGOs, Women's Gps Involvement 50,000.0 - 50,000.0 - 1 1,562.5 - 1,562.5 - 1 Total Investnent Costs 2,823,820.7 218,883.7 3,042,704.4 7 77 88,244.4 6,840.1 95,084.5 7 77 RecurrentCosts

Salaries 200,067.7 . 200,067.7 - 5 6,252.1 - 6,252.1 . 5 EquipmentOperationandMaintenance 60,962.9 6,773.7 67,736.5 10 2 1,905.1 211.7 2,116.8 10 2 Building Operation and Maintenance 236,133.8 26,237.1 262,370.9 10 7 7,379.2 819.9 8,199.1 10 7 VehleOperationandMaintenance 37,156.5 4,128.5 41,285.0 10 1 1,161.1 129.0 1,290.2 10 1

Road Maintenance 192,400.0 - 192,400.0 - 5 6,012.5 - 6,012.5 - 5 Office Supplies 36,227.5 4,025.3 40,252.8 10 1 1,132.1 125.8 1,257.9 10 1 Fid Supplies 97,787.7 10,865.3 108,653.0 10 3 3,055.9 339.5 3,395.4 10 3

Rer Chagges 12885.0 - 12,885.0 - - 402.7 - 402.7 - Total Recurrent Costs 873,621.2 52,029.8 925,651.0 6 23 27,300.7 1,625.9 28,926.6 6 23 Ttatl BASEUNE COSTS 3,697,441.9 270,913.5 3,968,355.4 7 100 115,545.1 8,466.0 124,011.1 7 100 Physica ContngenKies 396,955.6 30,773.4 427,729.0 7 11 12,404.9 961.7 13,366.5 7 11 Price Contingencies 1,187,149.5 93,242.8 1,280,392.3 7 32 8,474.2 805.0 9,279.1 9 7 TotalPROJECT COSTS 5,281,546.9 394,929.7 5,676,476.7 7 143 136,424.1 10,232.7 146,656.8 7 118

VI o IF3x tna Ag_n Iubr htrasbucWrs &-d AgrudhuralsSevc Pmod Expwnflws Accont bysCi p n- 8m Co' (USS Wm

InOtu0enSi DovWmf Povuly MAswln Ed_oefon uPhys LU hhsu Tmlogy NWd Sed Land Paad Cn_ NSucaibn Flow .v L r!d Rurl Rasfl gnsian Trining Exlgnalon MulUpicln AdISiSSUO M Tot . Aniount hIv alw Cast CM Wod 833.9 3,340.8 784.3 4.655.3 41,425.0 1.384.3 664.8 7122 93.8 - 58.895.4 10.0 5,s8.5 V ldg 325.0 773.4 - 484.4 100.0 154.4 1,038.1 - 34.4 56.3 2,965.9 5.0 148.3 Mad* y.EEipnwudPwE Fumnt 114.3 w80.8 3285.8 9636.6 2.165.6 439.1 116.7 524.9 75.0 307.5 23.4 17,66E94 5.0 603.5 Trsbtg 142.9 200.0 2,596.1 34.4 468.8 24.2 123.8 - - 46.9 2.5 4,839.4 5.0 242.0 Tscwts IAalg 25.0 - 2,500.0 17.7 1.6 - 0.6 39.1 2,583.9 2.0 51.7 PiNIn MstulSs 8.2 ------82 5.0 0.4 Ono, d IbdFi Sum" OGA.4 884.4 1.164.4 - - 50.8 * 2,468.3 - - - 5,2782 5.0 263.8 Purd Uvdl ocs - - 1,021.1 - - 62.5 - - - - 1083.6 5.0 54.2 NGOs,Wanus Gps lwn - - . - - - - * - - 1 2 1,562.5 5.0 78.1 Tsihwsgtmk Cast 1,789.7 s,666.0 9,624.9 14,27.1 52.043.8 2,078.5 2201.1 4,761.5 168.8 389.3 1,743.8 95,084.5 8.0 7,621.5 PacuwnsCast Sdiss 109.1 461.1 4.7 - 52.5 1682 84.4 4,918.1 - 235.1 331.0 6282.1 20.0 1250.4 E%n ti10Opwatcnudw lhlmwws - 249.7 81.3 1518.2 217.5 - 4.4 33.8 - 15.0 2116.8 20.0 423.4 A,hiqSigOpsdo NW Uifletog 82.5 184.9 55.8 - - 338.5 1822 546.1 10.5 6,121.9 196.7 8,199.1 20.0 1,639.8 VsIls Opirka midMtnunw t 161.3 525.3 - 250.0 51.0 29.4 219.4 - 18.8 352 12902 20.0 258.0 Roadninm, - - 8,012.5 * * * , 6,012.5 20.0 1202.5 OUcesupiss 707.1 19.1 395.5 - 25.0 - - 108.6 * 4.7 - 1.257.9 200 251.6 Fid Supplse 396. 2.155.0 950.8 - - 191.9 13.1 45.0 - * 3,395.4 20.0 879.1 PA Chwgs - - 3 , - - - - 42 - 402.7 10.0 40.3 TomRSCUS I 938,3 5211.0 2.911.7 1,5152 6,567.5 747.5 3114 5,8352 4.3 6,354.6 467.8 28,926.6 199 5,745.1 TWUASELNECOSTS 2.72.1 8e67.0 12.538.8 16.142.3 58,601.3 2,826.1 2,514.5 10,598.7 213.0 6,774.0 2211.6 124,011.1 10.8 13,366.5 Phy C aniuds 318.8 1,091.3 1,083.0 1,2872 6,159.9 322.1 205.9 1,440.7 22.0 1296.0 179.6 13,366.5 - * -

LOsNI 734.1 2.417.0 3.108.0 5,728.8 18,862.4 537.6 682.8 3,193.6 71.5 885.9 752.0 36,963.8 - Fol 13.6 68.1 45.8 95.6 495.3 13.6 7.8 30.9 1.8 26.9 4.7 6.0 - 8a*_ biSon 747.7 2.483.1 3,153.7 5,827.4 19,347.8 551.3 690.4 3224.5 73.3 912.8 756.7 37,788.8 - owvljon -574.9 i,g81g.5 -2.462.2 4,324.3 -14.362.9 441.1 -533.8 -2,483.9 .54.3 .790 7 -573.2 -26,489.6 swmwPecs C4AbgwiC6 172.6 594.7 691.6 1,5032 4.94.9 110.2 156.6 740.6 19.0 122.1 183.5 9,279.1 102 944.9 Ta PROJECTCOSTS 3219.7 10,553.0 14,291.1 18,912.7 69.746.0 3,258.4 2,577.1 12,778.0 254.0 8,192.1 2,574.6 145,656.8 9.8 14.311.5

Tam 126.4 523.8 572.4 1,132.6 3,988.5 176.7 79.9 221.8 15.2 471.0 24.8 7,335.3 10.0 735.1 FossgExciig 207.2 850.3 664.5 1,0013 5,806.4 265.9 143.1 4483 19.0 778.0 46.6 10,232.7 102 1,043.3

(D X _n t-n Aam FxNU Ws*uanaajrawd AgaLraL Sevicus Projed Expziwsu mAcsnta by Conponnts - Totad Inrcludrig Conthnganclsa (US$ 300)

Institutional Devslopriint PovertY Allvietlon Educrdon Lvestock In Tchnology md Saud Land Proct

NorScUba Felas lnt ,rUt Red Roods Ganton Training Extension Multlplkcalon Administration Implemntation Total

Ca wotas 938.3 3,901.5 873.7 5,569.5 54,970.4 1,550.8 730.1 790.4 110.7 * - 69.443.4 Vahes - 357S 852.9 534.3 105.9 172.0 1,154.4 - 35.7 64.0 327.3 Led*ay,ECptnt naMdFumikwr 121.1 918.3 3,481.7 11.288.7 22402 468.1 124.5 555.8 84.4 318.1 242 19,623.1 Trannig 1612 2202 2.953.3 36.1 506.4 25.3 1,433.7 - 49.4 69.5 5,4552 Tecriv _Aaaldm - 27.3 - 2,696.9 17.9 1.6 ' ' 0.6 41.3 2.785.7 PM Mngflate 8.9 ------8.9 Demo, FluM PR, Stuvarp 776.4 980.3 1.314.7 - - 56.1 - 2,757.7 - - - 5.8852 PLad oUvesodk - 1,082.4 - 67.0 - 1,149.4 NGOn. Womas Gps invotwnu - - - - * * - - - i175 175 To ulIm__ Com 2.005.7 6,405.6 10,558.7 16,89Z4 60.9482 2,21.3 2,469B 5,2582 195.1 403.8 1,9643 109,3932 R- Ce semis 142.0 504.8 5.7 - 67.5 213.6 109.5 6,323.7 - 286.8 284.6 8,028.3 EQ4nar Opsmon rMSemmnd - 322B 104.8 2,020.3 279.5 - 5.7 * 4.9 - 19.3 2,7973 BLddlg Opaion nWd Mflewa 107.4 212.4 720.4 - 441.3 236.8 715.6 14.0 7,4682 260.0 10,1762 VdaS Opuflan nmdM _wans - 208.0 680.6 - 322.0 65.7 382 284.6 - 22.8 46.4 1,668.3 Rood im - - - 8,096.6 - - * - - - 8,0966 OcaSsvpaS" 9142 24.7 514.5 322 - 137.4 5.7 1,628.7 Fluid Supii 50.4 2,784.8 12293 - 246.5 17.1 58.4 . , 4,386.4 - Tot, CReareC * 477.1 - * 4.7 - 481.8 Toald Rscunt Costa 1,214.0 4,147.4 3,732.4 2,020.3 8,797.8 967.1 407.3 7,519.8 58.9 7,7882 610.3 37,2636 Tot POJECT COST 3,219.7 10,553.0 14291.1 18,912.7 60,746.0 3,258.4 2,877.1 12,778.0 254.0 8,192.1 2,574.6 146,656.8

Tame 128.4 523.8 572.4 1,132.6 3,988.5 176.7 79.9 221.8 152 471.0 24.8 7,335.3 Fori Eihenpg 2072 850.3 664.5 1,001.3 5.08.4 265.9 143.1 448.3 19.0 778.0 46.6 10232.7

(D X lb Lf hdis Asam RuI hk*aaurk andAWb9ura Swas Prpet Tabl 101.Hwrllswe Daliod Costa (As Lami)

oUa.UU.S Undt BosCost Undt U/N NW7 973 NW *R 1000101 U02 N2SW Total Cost 3M/N7 37US I/S 0I111M U/2 021W Told twsawCosta KabUud RAsarch St_den Spawn Poduction of 5dM. ushrom Ar Dder No 1 1 0.3 0.3 - - - - - 0.3 LwmAn*Fbw No I - - 1 0.7 0.7 Auhowe - 0.7 No 2 - - 2 0.175 0.4 - - - - 0.4 LIba_ Fum*_ La 0.5 - - -0.5 Onn No 1 - - 1 0.35 0.4 - - - 0.4 tcubtahor No I - - 1 0.35 0.4 - - - - 0.4 Wowh"g Bawnc No I - 1 0.15 0.2 - _ - - 0.2 Subtotal 2.7 - - - - 2.7 Tlaue CulAur Lab. fot Hor. Crops Lab1aWyAir Cak ronw Unkt I - - 1 1.5 1.5 - . - . . 1.5 Fwm Set I - - - 1I 1 1.0 - - - - 1.0 PowarGbsalorlbLab.(10KV) No I - - 1I 0.9 0.9 - - - - 0.9 LamiawFbw tkik UniL I - - - 1I 0.6 0.6 - - - - - 0.6 RAshowe (365(WS s) No I - - . - - 1 025 0.3 . - - 0.30 .3 Auohv Unit I - - . - . - 10.15 0.2 - - - - 0.2 1111011onSet Set I . - . - . 1 0.3 0.3 - - - - 0.3 W t emnce (Lonopan) Set 1 - - - - 1 025 0.3 - - - - - 0.3 Miot E* et La 0.3 - - - - 0.3 SWOlow 5.2 - - - - 5.25 mod Came for Haicure La 0.2 0.2 - - - - 0.3 brln, Pr_lastM_d _ re Ho Ddp hnII LS 0.8 - - - P - - 0.8 hbhngSbranB n Ls 0.1 , . 0.1 P bcMi ogfo Pl La 0.1 -pple- - 0.1 P Grn Houa La 1.0 - - - - 1.0 Sublot 1.9 -- - 1.9 Span Prod. of Edible Muehroom Trhigft Ls 0.1 - - . . . . . 0.1 SubWd 10.0 0.2 - - - - - 10.2 Devpt f 23 Propny O ardb owna WON FM 6.000 6,000 6.000 5.000 3.600 - - 268600 O.O0 37.8 37.8 37.8 31.5 22.7 - . - 167.6 kIpgeon System LS 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 . - 5.9 PbuekcGre Houa LS 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.5 - - 14.4 kiodwPlants fmPro ngon Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 - SubtOta - 2.3 42.7 42.7 42.7 35.4 26.6 - 190.2 ObnnonetnraonePlota FnrtD Ow (NuLt& Spke) No 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 6,000 0.01 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 60.0 Commrnfft-Se VaonVg. Dano No 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 I,oo 1,o0o e.0o0 0.01 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 1o.0 10.0 0o.0 60.0 TubweCrop Demos No 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 3,200 0.01 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 32.0 Fbondkj Deno No 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 3,200 0.01 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 32.0 MialvoamCLtiation Demos No 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 1,600 0.01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0

Horbutoue: Page1 a3 PlasticMulchin Demos No 23 23 23 23 92 0.01 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - 0.9 Subtotal 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 220.9 Training Civil Works Consi,uciondNoiNwTmainiHalls No0 3 2 - 5 8 24.0 16.0 -I -40.0 Cons.of NowTrg Haft No 1 1 - 2 9 9.0 9.0 - -- 16.0 RenovationofExist TmgHals No 4 3 2 .- 9 2 8.0 6.0 4.0 18.0I Subtotal 41.0 -31.0 4.0 - -76.0 Training SpecialCourse lor FieldStaff. i.e. Grafters.Demostanamsora.... NO a a 8 6 a 8 8 64 0.03 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.9 SpecialCOuse for AsstLHouculituraist&Equiv. Post No 10 10 10 12 -42 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 - - -4.2 SpecelaCowseI" sr. Oillce No 5 5 5 5 - - 20 0.15 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 - -3.0 Farmies InsiuuidoalTmg (0 3 days) No 1.000 2.000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2.000 2.000 13.0D0 0.002 - 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 26.0 G,oup TmghinFMC (I day) NO 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 184 0.006 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 Serninar NO a a a a a a a a 64 0.15 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 9.6 Sublolm 3.3 5.3 7.3 7.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 45.6 MMwl2 ad -qipw Om& sadPmschv No a a 5 2 1 -- 24 0.16 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 - -3.8 Vabmp Iilwma No a 5 2 1 - - 10 0.012 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 SlidePrajack NO a 5 2 1 - - 10.09 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.4 TV 'd VCR No a 5 2 I 16 0.21 1.7 1.1 0.4 0.2 - 3.4 Genumar No a 5 2 1 10.29% - 2.3 1.5 0.6 0.3 - . 4.6 H.ndToois&SmdbiI.umNo a 5 2 1 10.05la- - 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 -- 0.8I Subs 2.0 6.2 3.6 1.5 0.7 - -14.3 4

A"*elh(Seel No 16 10 4 2 -- 32 0.1 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.2 -3.2 WoodUITIb No a 5 2 1 -16 0.06 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 - . 0.6 Dmk(Watodrn) No - 0 50 20 tO - - 160.am 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 - 0.6 Chms No 400 250 100 s0 - 0000.002 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 - 1.6 Amuidmn.d NO a 5 2 1 16 0.015 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 .0.2 stool No 24 15 5 3 - 47 0.002 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0. 0laglm av No a 5 2 1 -16 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.2 olmk ooads No a 5 2 1 -16 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 . 0.2 suMmed 3.5 2.2 0.9 0.4 - 7.1 $011111m1ed. 46.1 17.3 9.9 6.7 S.6 5.6 5.6 143.0 TMS* Pdh AAU

PmswamaoSu Llnil I I 1 1.0 - . 1.0 Br Hou UIIII I 1 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 Spue.Plmbw. hrpn UnI 1 I 1 1.0 - 1.0 EW&.ftlnp LS 0.5 0.5 subs"d 3.0 - - 3.0

GOa..eOr-UKV Uink I - J.25 0.3 - 0.3 Sodum VqpmwLap w. Aceamorin Units 10 -10 0.5 5.0 - 5.0 Took mi bpW mi La 0.3 - 0.3 subom ~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.5- - 5.5 IlUlte" 6.5 - .5 T44d ftweltent. Costa 1i35.3-116-.6 87.7 73.1 6D.6 3311 33.1 33.1 572.7 RACU" C.U

HNaedmihxPag 2 of Kehikuchl Research Station Development of Progeny Orchards Plastics br Mulching Ls 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.8 ItmprovedVeg. Seed. Fert. Chem Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.3 Subtotal 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.1 Spawn Prod of Edible Mushroom Chemicals, Seed, Glassware Ls 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.2 IncrementalStaff Laboaory Assist;tnt No I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 LaboatoryWorker No 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 8 0.144 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 Subtota_ 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.6 Subtotal 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 7.8 Tlaue Clture Lab. for HoutCrops Chemical. Glasswa Ls 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.4 Incrmntal Staff Technical Assistant No 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 Labotatoryworkers No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.144 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.3 Subtotal 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.7 Subtotal 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 8.1 ModelCentre for Fbrwkult Feftlizer. Chemals etc Ls 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 IncremenlalStaff No 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 8 0.144 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 .1.2 Subtotal 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.2 Buding O&M Ls 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.0 Subtotal 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 24.1 Training hw entl Stafn WMgeeduingTraining-Walchman No - 8 is 15 16 16 16 16 102 0.25 2.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 25.5 Trahig tetas Ls - 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 15.0 Pr*Ig ofLeaflets Ls 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 10.0 IsIell NMs Ls 1.6 2.6 3.0 32 3.2 3.2 3.2 20.0 B& O&U Ls 1.2 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 22.7 Subtott 1.2 7.9 12.3 13.5 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.8 93.2 TPS PdSrc MU Lab Operaeing rEspne Ls 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 Buding OUU Ls 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.7 Subtotal 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.9 Other OperatingCosts ADA(Hoct) No 1 I I I t 8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 6.7 Joint Dlmtor (Hort.) No 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.8 Depu"yolrctor(HoFt.) No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 9.6 Aastt. HoforEquv. Podst No 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 328 0.36 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 118.1 Hoat Demns,alo Inspector & Fild As. No 81 eI 81 81 81 81 81 81 648 0.06 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 38.9 SubOta 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.3 178.1 TOl RecWeunt Coets 28.0 34.1 38.4 39.3 40.2 39.9 40.1 40.2 300.3 Total 163.3 150.7 126.1 112.4 101.0 73.0 73.1 73.3 873.0

Horiculwe: Pag 3 0l 3 I India AssamRural infrasinrcture and Agricultural Services Project Table 102.Fisheries Development Detailed Costs (Rs Lakh)

Ouantities Unit BaseCost Unit 95A96 96/97 97198 96199 99100 0/01 01102 02/03 Total Cost 95/96 96/97 97/98 9869 9900 00/01 01/02 02103 Total InvestmentCosts Fish Seed Production Civil Works BroodFsh Ponds No 3 - - - 3 0.45 1.4 - - - - 1.4 Cement Cistems No 20 - - - - 20 0.1 2.0 - - - - - 2.0 Rearing Ponds No 12 - - - 12 0.084 1.0 - - - - - 1.0 Eco-Hatchery No 1 - - - - - 1 4 4.0 - - - - - 4.0 WaterSupply Ls 2.5 - - - - 2.5 StorageFaciites Ls 10 -1.0 Subtotal 11.9 - - - - - 11.9 Equipment Ls 1.0 * * * * * * Subtotal 1.0 12.9 - - 12.9 Mobil Fish Health Clinic Anibaloy Van w. Accessories No 3 3 - - - - 6 7 21.0 21.0 - * - - - 42.0 Fameus' Ponds PondCbarance Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.24 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 48.0 Community Ponds PondClearance Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.24 4.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 72.0 Beat Fishery Development Survey Equlpment PrismacbcCompass (14mm) No 10 - - 10 0.009 0.1 ------0.1 DumpyLevel (Kali) No 10 - - 10 0.045 0.5 - - - - 0.5 Chain 30 m. No 10 - - - - - 10 0.005 0.1 ------0.1 PlaneTable wih Accessories No 10 - - - 10 0.015 0.2 - - - - - 0.2 Drawing Table - 54' No 10 - - - 10I 0.008 0.1 - - - - - * * 0.1 Drawing Board No 10 * - - - - 10 0.01 0.1 ------0.1 Tee-Square No 10 - - - 10I 0.001 0.0 ------0.0 Set Square (Big) No 10 - - - . 10 0.001 0.0 ------0.0 Engineering Scale No 20 - - * - - - 20 0.0 ------0.0 Ranging Rod - 3m No 10 - - - 10I 0.003 0.0 ------0.0 Stuff (L) 4m. No 10 - - * - - 10 0.005 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 Survey Umbrells No 10 - * * - - - 10I 0.008 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 Misc. Supplies Ls 0.1 - - * 0.1 Blue Pdnting Machine No 1 - - 1 0.28 0.3 - * * - - - - 0.3 OhatTracer No I - - - - - 1 0.005 0.0 ------0.0 OuickSelting Level No I ------1 0.045 0.0 * * - - 0.0 Thoodolde No I - - - - - 1 0.16 0.2 - - - * - - 0.2 Materials No 1I - - - - * 1 0.01 0.0 - - _ - - 0.0 Subtotal 1.7 - - - - 1.7 BealSurvey No 25 25 - * - - - 50 0.06 1.5 1.5 - - - - - 3.0 Weed Clearance Ha 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 5,000 0.1 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 500.0

Fisheries:Page 1 of 5 Embarkments mig.mA3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 112 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 268.8 Erection ol Pens 000 m - 5 5 10 0.8 4.0 4.0 - - - - 8.0 Minibundhs (Seed Pdtn) No 4 3 * - 7 2 8.0 6.0 - - - - - 14.0 Jeep Trailor Sets 7 - - - 7 3 21.0 - - - * * 21.0 Breeding Equipment Sets 7 . . 7 0.5 3.5 - 3 5 Subtotal 123.8 109.6 106.1 96.1 96.1 96.1 96.1 96.1 820.0 Fisheries Research Wet Laboratory Consuction o Wet Lab. No 2 ------2 2.25 4.5 - - - - - 4.5 Wet Lab. Equipment Sets 2 - - - 2 1.1 2.2 - - - I - - 2.2 Subtotal 6.7 - - - - 6.7 Analytical Laboratory Equipment Sets 2 * - - - - 2 18 36.0 - - - - 36.0 Other Equip. Sets 2 * - - 2 5.9 11.8 - - - 11.8 Subtotal 47.8 - - - 47.8 ResearchPjts (Jorhat & Raha) Locatn 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 10 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 160.0 Braeding Unit (Magur) Is CiviAWorks Ls 0.8 - - - 0.8 Lab. renov. Ls 2.0 - - - - - 2.0 Fish Ponds at Jorhat. Raha, etc.. No 2 3 - - - - - 5 3 6.0 9.0 - - - - 15.0 Farm Equip No 2 3 - - - - - 5 1 2.0 3.0 - - * - - 5.0 Subbotal 10.8 12.0 - - - - 22.8 Mini-Feed Plant Constndion o Bulding No 1 - - - 1 1.5 1.5 ------1.5 Equipment Set 1 - - * - - - - 1 12 12.0 - - - - - 12.0 istallabon Ls 1.0 - - - * . . 1.0 Subtotal 14.5 - - - _ _ _ 14.5 Subtotal 99.8 32.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 251.8 Fshew.e ExL, Educ. & Trng CMi Wodie Training Haln No 3 3 - - - - - 6 5 15.0 15.0 - - - - 30.0 Tranee Hostels No 3 3 * - - - - 6 10 30.0 30.0 - - 60.0 Subtotal 45.0 45.0 - - - - - 90.0 Trng+Demo Facility Equip Audovsual Equip Ls 13.0 13.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 * - 30.8 Minibus No 3 3 - 3 3 - 12 5 15.0 15.0 - - -15.0 15.0 - 60.0 Furniture Sets 3 3 - 6 2 6.0 6.0 - - - 12.0 Motbo for EoE.StaW" NO 20 20 20 20 20 - 100 0.35 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 - 35.0 Subtobl 41.0 41.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 15.0 15.0 - 137.8 Stall Training SlallTm Outsld State No 40 40 40 40 40 - * 200 0.125 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 - 25.0 TrainingAbroad/b No 3 3 3 3 3 - - 15 1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 - - - 15.0 londrAng and ConeuLtancy Ls 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 24.0 Suboi4l 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 64.0 Trariig Centres Ic Cli Wod r 2 Contras Centre 2 - - - - 2 5 10.0 - - * - * - 10.0 Auho-VIu Equip Seo" 2 - - * * * * 2 5 10.0 - - * - 10.0 FunmitreforTnVCentre Sets 2 . . . . 2 0.5 1.0 - * _ _ _ _- 1.0 Subtotbl 21.0 ------21.0

FWiuee Pap 2 d 5 hamm" eFishCiCLe Demos 50 50 50 so so . 250 0.15 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 - 37.5 Fuoh-cm-Oukeay Demos 50 s 50 S0 - 250 0.164 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 - - - 41.0 Fnb-cum-Pigpey Dwnos 25 25 25 25 25 125 0.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 - 37.5 Subtoal 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 - 116.0 Fim Exmso Eduecaon Equipmt La 13.0 13.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 - 30.8 Subtota 164.1 133.1 44.5 44.5 44.5 18.0 18.0 3.0 459.7 Open Wbr Fr1uV CNN Works SWvvyofOpenWaftes No 5 6 - 10 0.05 0.3 0.3 - - - 0.6 WeedCsanwe. eit g eor. Ha 250 250 - 600 0.042 10.5 10.5 - _ 2.01- Subotln 10.8 10.6 - - - 21.6 Macbtewy & Equ4pnewi Hyuasc Exc valor No I - - - - - 1 40 40.0 - 40.0 Conor No I - 1 10 10.0 - - - - - 10.0 Chat. & Cuter (WeodC>oppkng No 1 - - 1 3 3.0 - . - . 3.0 CampingEquWpmwbt.ee Set 2 - - - 2 2 4.0 - - - 4.0 Subtota 57.0 ...... 57.0 Vdelcle J p wih Tuaif No 2 - - - 2 3 6.0 - - - - - 6.0 - o..l. _ Fah Seed La 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 Subkota 74.3 11.3 0.5 0.S 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 88.6 I P.*0 MaclImin can -j MeeliewI & Equiweu CMnpJfiw.. PAINt No 1 - - 1 2 2.0 ------2.0 FoxMacine w. Teephonw No I - - - 1 0.5 0.5 - - - - - 0.5 Fwudle La 1.5 * * * 1.5 Subtotal 4.0 - - - - - 4.0

ieep No 1 ------1 3 3.0 - - - - - 3.0 Couiauttancy Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Subt_ 8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 15.0 Tdoalhbe ent Coab 504.7 323.8 187.7 177.7 177.7 151.2 151.2 136.2 1,809.9 Reun Costs Fibh Sed Produefon Fes,e. Seed,ec La 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 6.4 Facity M _uwaie Ls 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 Subi 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 8.8 Moble Fih H CUSC h _muiStaff 0tvs NO 3 6 a 6 6 6 6 8 45 0.22 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 9.9 Aflendess No 3 a a 6 8 6 5 6 45 0.21 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 9.5 Subt1 1.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 19.4 Olhw p Coats Va nOpwaginCools No. 3 a 6 6 6 6 6 6 45 0.12 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.4 Meikal8uppNe No 3 6 8 a 6 6 6 6 45 0.12 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.4 Suoal_ 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 10.8

Feu Pxpg3d5 Subtotbl 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 30.2 Farmers' Ponds Repairsanr Maintenance Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.08 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Manuresand Fertilizer Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.25 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 50.0 Feed Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.92 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.q 23.0 23.0 23.0 184.0 Fish Seed Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.04 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 ProphylacticMeasures Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.03 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 6.0 HarvestLabor Ha 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 0.08 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Subtotal 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 280.0 Community Ponds Repairsand Maintenance Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.08 1.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 24.0 Manureand Fertilizer Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.25 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 75.0 Feed Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.92 18.4 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 276.0 Fish Seed Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.04 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 12.0 ProphylacticMeasures Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.03 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 9.0 HarvestLabor Ha 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 300 0.08 1.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 24.0 Subtotal 28.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 420.0 Seet Fishery Development Incrental Stn Drivers No 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 56 0.24 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 13.4 Vehic.Op. & Maint. No. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 56 0.15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 8.4 Subtotal 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 21.8 Fishries Research Glassware Set 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 37 0.5 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 18.5 Chemicaks Set 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 37 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 11.1 Lab.O&M No 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 37 0.5 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 18.5 O&M of Mini-FishPlant Ls 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Buildg OIM Ls 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 20.0 Subtotal 7.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 84.1 Fibheries ExL, Educ., and Trng IncremenWalStaff Driver No 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 45 0.24 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 10.8 CaroleutforHodels No 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 39 0.24 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 9.4 Co*l*ers No 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 39 0.44 1.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 17.2 Traine Oneta No 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 1.400 0.004 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.6 Honorau br GuestLectums No - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 0.001 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 Subtal 0.7 4.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 43.6 TA & DA lor Saff Centres 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 39 0.06 - 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.3 Buikig OaM Ls 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 30.4 Op Expe POLtMain&Reppirs No 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 45 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 9.0 E enal Leaft Ls 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.5 Subtl 0.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 13.5 Suboal 5.4 10.2 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 89.9 Open Waler Fehery ham St Jep Odwvra No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.8 Ebmvtr Ddver(HV) No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.36 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.9 Clnr No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.7

F iahLePaoe 4 d 5 _s*ga 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 9.4 Vbd OUWf Ha~cExrdw No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I a 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 24.0 JN bNo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.15 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 SuMM 3.3 3.3 3J 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 26.4 Sub_e 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 35.8 p MO -Ca hI md "Sg Le 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 12.2 0Os S p" La 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Veh. OWM La 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 TA, DA. QL 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 7.2 Paojs Mmimk'gA La 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 33.6 Subftd 7.9 7. 7.9 7.9 7.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 57.0 Tdi pRg g Co*b 93.7 132.4 134.6 134.6 134.6 132.6 132.6 132.6 1,027.5 Tda 598.4 456.0 322.2 312.2 312.2 263.8 283.8 268.8 2.837.4

a SI."h. * ULhlt ¶hTcbrig d Mg. Poal s m_d LUivisk Sd_im S " two u hg fh #IAJ qwr Sbaw Old.) sod G,omhui (Auwup ODi %WThen pwpnas d idlc I Soiamun kIrndoingm inpuoiacSu o SOml Uh m*cmrpwuf ad to anm. ftn woes grm hsafsy OmlIwu an aquacuiws.

FRim Pagsdb I AssamnRumh*ashauckjr* and Agr uu Satves Pea Tabe 103. Lwisock DOApmui DetWed Cost (Rs L&)

OuwmUhh UUdt aasa Coi Un_t _Si 9iW SlM lel W01 01ll2 OWN Tot C1o OW 6il7i 9N S90O OU0l2 e2 OM Totd h__ CeN Fumw SUed Pdle t_hm Pv

h.lgeIIaS sn(10Hl) U I - 1 2 - 2.0 - - 2.0 TNmNogFkor Floor - 1 - ' 1 0.03 0.0n 0.0 S.sd SMLahL . I - . 2 2.0 - - - 2.0 SubGmW 4.0 - - 4.0 Dnm Thfl iwSntw No I - - - I 0.1 0.1 - - - 0.1 Doi TWbdwr( ) No I - - - - I 0.5 0.5 0.5 aOufwiVsepe He I - I 0.5 0.5 - - - - - o.s0 Di F 0 & 50 No 4 - - 4 OAS0 0.2 0.2 Subised 1.3 - -1.3

Pkhw No I - - - - I - . 2 2 2.0 - 2.0 4.0 Fouv-WmiI Ddv No I - - - I - - 2 225 2.3 - 2.3 - 4.5 T_a forow NoO I - - 2 1 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 Moosq. No 1 - - - e 1 0. 2 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.6 SubSd 5.6 -_ _ 5.6 _ 11.1 _iMoN 6.9 4.0 - 5.6 - - 16.5 0_nd Pwmwt Fa Faaw FoM.Gmm_ _Isn 1 2 3 4 5 - 15 7 7.0 14.0 21.0 28.0 35.0 - -105.0 Trn.SuNs 8dkt 0.1 0.20.5 OA.6 1 I 01 0.20.50O 1.0 -- 6 LspamSoak to" 10 S0 75 75 100 150 150 200 610 0.2 2.0 10.0 IS.0 15.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 40.0 162.0 MakWToosinTe la" 2 4 6 10 14 20 40 40 136 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 20 21 40 8.0 60 27.2 Smh loln 2 4 6 10 14 20 40 40 136 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 2.0 2.8 4.0 8.0 8.0 27.2 ONn loon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 U 36 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 O0S 08 0.7 0.8 3.6 IbmQ 10.0 26.0 39.2 48.2 62.1 36.6 46.7 56. 327.6 sm o*. A Al Work

C o k Cor_nw

T.O. SOU50 ul N) No . 6 6 - - - - 12 2.Z 15.0 15.0 - - - 30.0 Slmp -300 L h(Smeun) No 3 3 - - - - 6 2.5 7.5 7.5 - - - - - 15.0 Slmp -S5UIm(Uq. N) No 15 15 . . - - - 30 0.16 2.4 2.4 - - - - - 4.8 Sop - SoLkm (Semen) No 12 12 . . - . - . 24 0.2 2.4 2.4 - - 4.4 8 Samg - 35 LiU (Senw1} No 800 680am - - . . 1.680 0.16 128.0 140.8 268.8 S9Mge-7Uurns(Seme) No - 100 200 200 200 300 - 1.000 0.06 8.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 24.0 - 80.0 Sloag- BA-3 (Smun) No 5S00 50 S00 300 . - 1.800 0.06 - 30.0 30.0 30.0 18.0 - - . 108.0 SubtS1 155.3 206.1 46.0 48.0 34.0 24.0 - - 511.4 Hos Pke LS - 1.0 - . - - - 1.0 AJ. Gun No 1,000 1,000 400 400 400 - - - 3.200 0.001 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 - - - 32 Mis. xi. Eq* No 900 1t06O 2W0 200 300 - - 2.680 0.01 9.0 10.8 2.0 2.0 3.0 - - 26.8 AI. Crush (EqAp) No 500 500 500 . - - . 1.500 0.04 20.0 20.0 20.0 . - - - 60.0 Castmom No 500 - - - - 500 0.07 35.0 - - - 35.0

LiUwSoc Pag 1 d Subtotal 220.3 238.9 68.4 48.4 37.4 24.0 637.4 Vehicles Car No 1 - - 1 2 2 2.0 - - - 2.0 4.0 Jis No 6 - - - - 6 12 2 12.0 - - -12.0 24.0 MotorCycbs No a - - - 6 - 12 0.3 1.8 - 1.8 _ - 3.6 Subtotal 15.8 - - 15.8 - 31.6 Subtotal 236.1 238.9 68.4 48.4 37.4 39.8 - 669.0 VebtrI-y Epidemkln PAelof Diagostc Laboatory cilvi Woas Bdgs 3 3 10 30.0 30.0 Ma1Niwy & Eq rment Set 3 - - 3 25 75.0 - 76.0 ConpuAsrIoEpkL Init No I - - 1 1.25 - 1.3 - - 1.3 Fwlbilor RReg.Di. Lab Sot 3 - - - - 3 0.5 1.5 1.5 Subeld 107.8 - 107.8 Ei or EsL D.hwt. Lab No 7 - - 7 10 - 70.0 - - 70.0 Vshi For Epid Unis No I - 1 - 2 225 2.3 - - 2.3 4.5 Forrbl hws Unks No 7 - - - 7 14 2.25 15.8 - - 15.8 31.5 Subl_li 18.0 - 18.0 36.0 SCbbdo 18.0 177.8 - - - 18.0 - 213.8 RRe -ROtlbe C_ Offie

Plo ropie No I - - I 1 1.0 - - - . 1.0 FaxMachin No I . . - - 1I I 1.0 . . . . - - 1.0 Sued Cuaer No I ------1I 0.15 0.2 - - - 0.2 Con dPrInsr No 2 . - . 2 1.25 2.5 - . - . - - 2.5 OMe FUMIk_ La 0.5 - - . . - - - 0.5 Mba OUce E,A, La 0.1 . . . - . - 0.1 SedCupboad No 2 . - 2 0.05 0.1 . . .- - 0.1 SeWmti 5.45 . - - . - - 5.4

Hdoeml(l0m-a) N o 1 - - - - 1I 15 - 15.0 - - . 15.0 P_rPkTmgC _mwm No . 2 2 2 2 2 10I 5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0l - 50.0 C-mlta RaruiAudlodwn La 5.0 - - - - - 5.0 Dlt O_ (SIMS smodcaw No 6 o 5 - - - . 17 0.15 0.9 0.9 0.8 - - - . 2.6 Oce Furdkh Set 6 8 5 . - . . . 17 O.S 3.0 3.0 2.5 - . - . 8.5 MlemON= E4p. Set 6 6 5 - .- 17 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 - 1.7 Slel Cubooed No 12 12 10 - 340.05 0.6 0.6 0.5 - - - 1.7 Mlsc IeMDemoEquip Set 6 6 5 - - . . . 17 1 6.0 6.0 5.0 . - - 17.0 Telvion Se No 1a - - 18 0.2 3.6 - - - - - 3.6 VC MPbyW No Is - - . - 18 0.25 4.5 - - - 4.545 Vido Cas No 100 - - - . . 100 0.03 3.0 -- - . 30 Fl PoheF NO is - . 18 0.2 3 o . - - 3.6 0 jhadP~ No t o - - - 18 0.08 1.4 - - 1.4 11wn P, lor No 1 - . - - 18 0.2 3.6 - - . 3.6 Poiedlelpee_qarSt No 18 - - - - 18 0.1 1 . 1. P,jg bugint No 1s - - . - 18 0.02 0.4 - - - - 0.4 WL E*4L go No 2 - 2 2Io - - 2 2.0 Pdh d lim F8m No 3 4 3 - - 10 1 3.0 4.0 3.0 - - . 10.0 F eoC.e No 7n 9f 72 - 240 0.001 0. 0.1 0.1 02

LUv_d Page2 d a StillPhokbgiS lS No 5 5 5 15 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 * 1.5 Sublota 38.6 15.7 12.8 - - 67.1 Training Cantfs AudioVUal Set 2 2 2 2 1 - 9 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.9 Vehicles Extenuionmi n No 6 6 6 . . 6 5 a 36 2 12.012.0 12.0 -12.0 12.0 12.0 72.0 doocyles or SMS & SMSC No 10 10 10 - 30 0.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 - - 9.0 Mo: rtBlockLeolVats(Loan) No 50 50 50 - - - 150 0.3 15.0 15.0 15.0 - - 45.0 Buses(22 sotds) No 2 2 - 4 5 10.0 _ 10.0 - 20.0 Sblota 40.0 30.0 30.0 - 22.0 12.0 12.0 146.0 Subtotal 78.8 75.9 53.0 10.2 10.1 32.0 12.0 12.0 284.0 S4bteS 84.1 75.9 53.0 10.2 10.1 32.0 12.0 12.0 289.3 hil Senn Purchase/a Ls 56.0 - - - - 56.0 BwpeaLivestock lr_edk Farm ClNNWorks RepakExist Cowsds Ls 10.0 , , , 10.0 Constr.of Now Cowshmds No 2 - - - 2 2.5 5.0 - . - 5.0 Consu.o CaJPe Ls 2 - . - - 2 2.5 5.0 - - 5.0 Watr Facibis for Aninals Ls 1.0 ------1.0 Ouele forMnWer No I - - - - - 1 4 4.0 - - - - 4.0 Quarters k Vol. Aft. Susan Is I - - - - 1 3 3.0 - - - - 3.0 sou s for Aledats LS 6 - - - 6 I 6.0 - - - - 6.0 Subtota 24.0 10.0 - - - - 34.0

Wolp Bddgekwhtnls No 1 - - I-1 1 1.0 - - - 1.0 Tractor & himnts La 10.0 - - - - - 10.0 0 Conper No 1 - - - - 1 1.0 _ _ 1.0 Subaot 12.0 - - - 12.0

Jep No I - - 1 2 2.25 2.3 - - 2.3 - 4.5 Motocyda No 2 - - 2 - - 4 0.3 0.6 - - 0.6_ 1.2 Sublotal 2.9 - - 2.9 - 5.7 Subtota 38.9 10.0 - - - 2.9 - 51.7 Stwagenig BSlCal4 Ra-in Fac. tb Ls 15.0 - - . - - 15. KhenpwarFrozen Seme Pdtn Centre Ch11 Works AkerLtid N Rm LS 0.8 - - 0.8 Altr Lab. Ls - 2.0 - - - 2.0 Ppr IBu Pamns Ls - 5.0 -. - - 5.0 Omanmr Wat Ls - 2.0 - - - - - 2.0 AJor Buldins Ls 15.0 - . - . . 15.0 F La - 1.0 0.2 - - - 1.2 Subo - 25.8 0.2 - - - 26.0 Equo_m Cyoalc Contatnr Stog - 3 Orei0 (Seen) No I - . - . 1 2.5 2.5 - - - - - 2.5 Slom 5-S5Its (Uq. N) No 10 - - . 10 0.2 2.0 - - - 2.0 Soagp -45 Mrs (Semn) No a - - - - - 8 0.2 1.6 - _- - 1.6 Subtot 6.1 - - - - 6.16 GeeraoDr No I - - * * * 1I 5 5.0 - - - - 5.0 CoidHlarn Llnil No I - - * I 1 1.0 * * 1.0 Chlwlto LUquidN Pk No I - - . . 1I 1 1.0 - . -. 1.0

Llkxodc PgS 3 d 8 Freezing Chanber. Carolimete,.etc Ls 40.0 - - - - 40.0 ComputeruPrinter Set 1 - - - 1 1.25 1.3 - - - 1.3 trrigationPunp endPipe No 1 - - - 1 1 1.0 - 1.0 Tractor 6 Implements Set 1 - - 1 3 3.0 _ _ -- 3.0 Subtotal 584 - . - , - - 58.4 Livestock X Brad Goals No 25 - - - - 25 0.01 0.3 - - - 0.3 X Bred BuLsCalves No 25 25 - 25 25 100 0.06 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 5.0 EliteJersey Bulls No 100 100 - 200 0.4 40.0 40.0 - - - 80.0 EliteJerseyCows No - too 100 - - 200 0.8 - 80.0 80.0 - - 160.0 Eite Goal Semen million 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 - 0.65 10 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 6.5 Piw(Boars) No 50 20 - 70 0.2 10.0 4.0 - - 14.0 Duck Germplasm Ls 5.0 - _ - - - _ 5.0 Subtotal 57.0 126.3 81.0 3.3 3.3 - - - 270.8 Vehicls Jeep No I - - 1 - - 22.25 2.3 - - 2.3 - 4.5 MotorCycle No 2 - - 2 - 4 0.3 0.6 - - 0.6 - 1.2 Subtotal 2.9 - 2.9 - _ .7 Sublotal 118.2 152.0 81.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 - 360.8 Kalbapanl Frozen Semen Pdtn Centre Clvi Works Semen Pdtn Laboratoty No 1 - - 1 8 8.0 ------8.0 Bul Shers No 1 1I- - - 2 7 7.0 7.0 - - - - 14.0 TrakningCentre No 1 - - - - - 1 6 6.0 ------6.0 Hostel for Traning Centre No I - - - - - 1 1 15.0 ------15.0 Borewell torAnimal Watering Ls 2.0 - - - - 2.0 Subtotal 38.0 7.0 - - 45.0 Equlpment BiologicalFreezer No 1 1 - 2 10 10.0 10.0 - - - 20.0 Cryogenic Contanere Stor ge-300titres No 1 - - - 2 2 20 2.0 - - 4.0 Slorage-55litres(Lq. N) No 10 - - - - 10 0.2 2.0 - 2.0 Storege- 45itres No 6 - - - 6 0.2 1.2 - _ .2 Subtotal 5.2 2.0 - - 7.2 Cold Handling Unit No 1 - - 1I 1 1.0 - - 1.0 F ingIS.lg Machine No I - - - 10 10.0 - - - - - 10.0 Photo Carolimeter No I - - 1 2 2.0 - - - - - 2.0 Generator No 1 - - - 1 S 5.0 - - - 5.0 Gls ware a other misc, equip Ls 5.0 , 5.0 Tractor & OtherAg. Inplements Set 2 - - - - - 2 6 12.0 - _ 12.0 Subtotat 50.2 12.0 - 62.2

Jeep No I - - 2 2.25 2.3 - - - - 2.3 4.5 Motor Cyde No 2 - - 2 - - 4 0.3 0.6 - 0.6 1.2 Subtotl 2.9 - - - 2.9 - - 5.7 SubtotA 91.1 19.0 2.9 - 112.9 Slchar Frozen Semen Pdtn Centre CIvI Work. SemenPdtnLbobaory No I - - - 1 S 8.0 - - - - - 8.0 uldShadh No I 1I - - - - 2 6 6.0 6.0 - - - 12.0 WaterDev. for Anhs Ls 5.0 -- - - 5.0 Irrigation 61mslor Foddr Pdtn No 2 - - - 2 2 4.0 - - - - - 4.0

Liveslock:Pap 4 d I oamlesIr mmmge No I 1 4 4.0 - - - 4.0 aaew br V.L AGO.Sugen No I . . 1 3 3.0 3.0 Omdmmb rAuendw No 6 1 6.0 -6 SubOl 36.0 6.0 - - 42.0

Micinecape No I - 1 2 2.0 - - - - 2.0 Cayag.IlcC ortns - 3001 (San) No 1 I - - - 2 2 2.0 2.0 - - - 4.0 BlOlagIcalFimer No 1 - - 1 10 10.0 10.0 Cold Hd Unil No I - - 1 I 1.0 - - - 1.0 FN WSeelg Laline No I - - 1 10 10.0 - - 10.0 Geonenb No I * * * 1 5 5.0 5.0 PhWwCdoElmewe No I - I 5 5.0 - - - - - 5.0 Olm mare & eie minbc.mp LS 5.0 - - .50- - - Ticlor & OUr Ag. _1keet Set 2 - - - 2 6 12.0 - 12.0 ArM* Wigh Bddp: Equlpne L 5.0 * * * * * 5.0 SubWM 57.0 2.0 - - - 59.0 Vddi Jep No I - I - 2 2.25 2.3 - 2.3 - 4.5 MolorCyde No 2 - - 2 - - 4 0.3 0.6 - - 0.6 - 1.2 Sub44 2.9 - 2.9 - - 5.7 SuboDW 95.9 8.0 2.9 106.7 -kqwlSemi AiinJuck bsedi Pig Fwm, I _Ompq Ls 10.0 - - - 10.0 Gaa Fam. Parbad LS 10.0 - - - - - 10.0 DudcForm k Lu 10.0 - - - - - 10.0 Subee 30.0 30.0 co

Sull Trin LaTng it Term) Prnge Teing (@MWAWe Y Kend) No 10 10 ------20 0.05 0.5 0.5 - - - - - 1.0 NOW F_ly Pb(Ame No 10 10 20 20 20 20 - 100 0.05 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 5.0 eadA.LP1 A_ y--K f) No 10 10 20 20 20 20 - - 100 0.05 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 5.0 Adwed Diagnoe (IVWM- 1ansp No 10 10 10 10 - - - 40 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - - - - 2.0 FoaderPwPaducim( lMly -Kera) No 10 10 20 20 20 20 - - 100 0.05 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 5.0 D kweeUonhp (Guwehi) No 10. 20 20 25 25 - - - 100 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 - 1.0 LobThcim n (GuwWwM) No 21 10 10 - - - 41 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 - - - - 0.4 Annual Tinknrg Wee No 100 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 2,000 0.01 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 20.0 Sl* TouLs No - 10 10 10 10 10 - 50 0.1 - 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 5.0 EXWnsl VIAuioVMu No 20 20 40 40 40 - - 160 0.01 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 - 1.6 SUMl" 4.0 6.0 7.2 8.2 7.7 7.0 3.0 3.0 46.0 Overs Tmg (Shot Term) FrmzSen Tolow mm - 3 3 - - - - 6 4 -12.0 12.0 - - - 24.0 Forep Pdbucion mm - 3 3 - - - 6 4 -12.0 12.0 - - - 24.0 EpIdeolw mm - 2 2 - 4 4 8.0 8.0 - - 16.0 Subb - 32.0 32.0 - - - 64.0 Phld Engie LS 3.0 - - - 3.0

FompgAnonda miwk 4 4 4 4 4 20 1.12 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 - - 22.4 Subba 11.5 42.5 43.7 12.6 12.1 7.0 3.0 3.0 135.4 SeneAcimyTrilng Finwe Ces FodderSFage pe.Mk 50 100 150 200 200 200 200 - 1,100 0.006 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 - 6.9

Iveback Pop S d a Dairy Husbandry pers/wk 100 200 400 500 500 600 600 - 2,900 0.006 0.6 1.3 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.8 - 18.3 Subtotal 0.9 1.9 3.5 4.4 4.4 5.0 5.0 25.2 Women's Courses Poullry pers/wk 50 150 200 400 700 700 800 - 3,000 0.006 0.3 0.9 1.3 2.5 4.4 4.4 5.0 18.9 Piggery perstwk 50 150 200 300 700 700 800 2,900 0.006 0.3 0.9 1.3 1.9 4.4 ,4.4 5.0 - 18.3 Ducks pers/wk 50 100 150 200 400 400 - - 1,300 0.006 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 2.5 2.5 - - 8.2 Goats perstwk 50 100 150 200 300 300 600 1,700 0.006 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.9 3.8 - 10.7 Village Industry pers/wk 100 200 300 300 400 - - 1,300 0.006 0.6 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.5S - - 8.2 Subtotal 1.9 4.4 6.3 8.8 15.8 13.2 13.9 - 64.3 Self-Employment Al. Technicians pers/wk 100 200 300 400 400 500 500 500 2.900 0.006 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 18.3 ShortCourses forAl. Techs pers/wk - 100 100 200 300 350 1,050 0.006 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.2 - - 6.6 Velerinarians pers/wk 50 100 100 100 100 - - - 450 0.006 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 - - 2.8 Subtotal 0.9 2.5 3.2 4.4 5.0 5.4 3.2 3.2 27.7 Businesspersons pers/wk 50 100 150 150 150 150 150 900 0.006 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 - 5.7 Mass Meetings No 250 500 1,000 1,200 1,500 2.000 2,000 2,000 10,450 0.05 12.5 25.0 50.0 60.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 522.5 Privatizationof Vets No 10 10 20 20 20 20 - - 100 0.5 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 _ - 50.0 Subtotal 21.6 39.5 73.9 88.6 111.1 134.6 123.0 103.2 695.4 Subtotal 33.1 81.9 117.5 101.2 123.3 141.6 126.0 106.2 830.8 Total InvestmentCosts 833.1 793.5 359.4 211.3 236.1 286.9 184.7 175.0 3,080.0 Recurrent Costs Farmer Seed Pdtn: Barham Pur Vehicle O&M Pick-Up No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Four-Wheel Drive No 1 1 1 1 t I 1 1 8 0.45 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.6 1 Motorcydes No 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 8 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0° Subtotal 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.4 Seed Imported Seed Ton 1 1 1 - - - 3 1.25 1.3 1.3 1.3 - - - - 3.8 LocalSeed Ton 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 0.75 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 7.5 Subtotal 2.0 2.8 2.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 11.3 Buikling O&M Ls 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.5 Subtotal 2.9 3.7 3.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 19.2 Semen Pdtn & Distribution A.l. Materials Ls 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 20.0 Misc. Materials Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 13.0 Vehicle Hire Ls 5.0 7.5 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 127.5 Misc. Costs Ls 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 13.0 Mach+Malnt (incl. Liq. N Pit Spares) Ls 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 19.0 Semen Straw/Sheath Ls 10.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 24.0 149.0 Vehicle oaM Car No 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Jeep No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.45 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 7.2 Motorcycles No 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 48 0.03 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 Subtotal 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 10.2 Subtotal 21.3 29.8 43.8 50.8 51.3 50.3 50.3 54.3 351.7 Vetarinary Epidemiology Vehicle O&M For Epid. Units No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.45 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.6 For Disease Invsl. Units No 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 58 0.45 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 25.2 Subtotal 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 28.8 BuikdIngO&M Ls 0.5 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.5 0.5 25.8

Livestock Page 6 of 8 Sub_ 4.1 B.S B.5 a.s B.5 8.5 4.1 4.1 54.6 Coorein Oftm, Exteson am NW Joum * Dia O0 LS 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Bls and Joum - Tnq Ceree Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Matot - Teg Comes sot 2 4 6 5 9 9 9 9 53 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 15.9 Puallon Prodn - Tnig Cera La 2.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 G.0 6.0 42.0 Plepumbof Fllm Sds No 720 720 720 * * - - -2.160 0.2 0.2 0.2 *- - - 0.8 Design ExL P&balion La QS5 O.S O.S5 - t 5 Mdrw&Equip. Wirt. Ls O.S O.S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 V ,,A d Ocrovem ~~~~~No6 12 18 is is is is Is 126 0.45 2.7 5.4 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 58.7 M_Wyd No 62 124 186 186 IN 180 180 180 1.302 0.03 1.9 3.7 5.8 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6 39.1 Buss (22 )oim No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 4.8 SublM 52 9.7 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 100.8 awbOLU LS 2.1 4.0 5.3 5.8 s.a 8.8 8.9 7.2 43.8 Subkola 13.1 22.1 31.1 30.4 31.8 32.6 32.9 33.2 227.3

MAVISafed Ls 5.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 5.0 s.o s.o 40.0 or 8_pb Ls 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.0 fWd S&p - LS 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Vdlel 0SM Je vow I I I I I I I I O 0.45 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 0.5 0.5 3.8 MamyeVdlc 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 le 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Q.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.S Tf,I Vnhi I I I I I I I I 8 0.45 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 3.8 Suol T.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TO 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.7 lMg Ow Ls 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 21.7 x0 eblot 9 5 10.0 1Q.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 79.4 -

An" FdW La 5.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 S.0 40.0 0ni 8_p LS 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.0 pawl & _pk LS 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0

JNp vowi I I I I I I I I 8 0.45 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 3.8 MooOd Vdhle 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.s Traor Vowi I I I I I I I I 8 0.45 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 0.5 O.S O.S 3.6 Subloa 1.0 1. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.7 &Bv dhg Ls 2.4 2.S 2.6 2.8 298 2.7 2.7 2.7 20.8 Subw.S 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9 8 9.9 9.9 9.9 78.5 K h" F. Sunn Pdtn Come AImid F LS 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 40.0 OrO &WS Le 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0Q3 0.3 2.0 FWd &¢pes Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0

Jp vowk I I I I I I I I 8 0.45 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 0.S O.S O.S U. MoKbd vowk 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.S Torae Vdil I I I I I I I I 0 0.45 O.S O.S 0.5 O.S O.S O.S O.S O.S 3.8 Oub_ 1D 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.7 _"OUI Ls 3.0 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 63.4 8ubbS 10.2 14.0 18.0 16.1 102 18.2 16.2 18.2 121.0 TOWl RAIw Coew 70.5 97.8 122.9 127.2 1292 129.4 125.2 129.5 931.7 Telld 903.7 891.4 482.2 3,4 365.3 418.3 309.9 304.5 4.011.7 I. SemenVAbe' hnpadeI be cil semengos wio poducSicn bAl L-hi wd KAb Tol

0PI 02

Lbkeesi=LPquIa la Inria AsaunRura lnfrastnwureand Agricktual SeivkesPoject Table201. Irulgalion DetailedCosts (Rs Lakh)

Ouantitles Unit BaseCost UnIt 9S/96 96/97 97198 98{99 99100OOU1l 01102 02103 Total Cost 95t96 96/97 97/98 9899 99HD0 00101 01/02 02193 Total hwestmutntCosts Now n Schwrws ShallowTubewals Cvl Works(9of TAWes) No - 500 1,990 2,855 3,000 3.000 2,500 1.155 15,000 0.08 40.0 159.2 228.4 240.0 240.0 200.0 92.4 1,200.0 Eqcilpnat Set - S00 1.990 2,B55 3.000 3,000 2,500 1.155 15,000 0.12 60.0 238.8 342.6 360.0 360.0 300.0 138.6 1,800.0 Subtotal 100.0 398.0 571.0 600.0 600.0 500.0 231.0 3,000.0 RbehabltatIonSchenwe DeepTubewells (33hp) CIvAWorks No 17 25 32 35 30 18 157 0.65 - 11.1 16.3 20.8 22.8 19.5 11.7 - 102.1 Eqpm"n Set - 17 25 32 35 30 18 - 157 3.65 62.1 91.3 116.8 127.8 109.5 65.7 -573.1 Subtotal - 73.1 107.5 137.6 150.5 129.0 77.4 - 675.1 DeepTubewelbs (25lh) Cvbworbs No 18 26 32 36 33 18 - 163 0.65 - 11.7 16.9 20.8 23.4 21.5 11.7 106.0 EqWinern Sel * 18 26 32 36 33 18 163 3.24 - 58.3 84.2 103.7 116.6 106.9 58.3 -528.1 Subto 70.0 101.1 124.5 140.0 128.4 70.0 - 634.1 RIvwPwnpinig Schmnes Cvi Works No 24 27 33 25 24 17 150 0.48 - 11.5 13.0 15.8 12.0 11.5 8.2 - 72.0 Eqsipmgen Sol - 24 27 33 25 24 17 150 1.83 - 43.9 49.4 60.4 45.8 43.9 31.1 - 274.5 Subo - 55.4 62.4 76.2 57.8 55.4 39.3 346.5 Subll 198.6 271.0 338.3 348.3 312.8 186.7 1,655.7 Plot Scheme Tanks Chd Works No 1 3 1 5 2 - 2.0 6.0 2.0 - - 10.0 Trkig Ls 5.0 5.0 1.0 - - - - - 11.0 ComnpuWand Pw h/a No 2 * - - 2 2 4.0- - - 4.0 Total nestment Costs 9.0 303.6 672.0 915.3 950.3 912.8 686.7 231.0 4,680.7 RecurrentCosts MWa Reps"r. NewShuow Tub_ewels LS - 1.0 5.0 10.7 16.7 22.7 27.7 30.0 113.7 Rehb DeepTiwih (331 Ls - 3.7 9.0 15.9 23.4 29.9 33.8 33.8 149.4 Relb DeopTubewes (25t Ls - 3.5 8.6 14.8 21.8 28.2 31.7 31.7 140.2 Rvr PmIng Sdiem Ls 2.8 5.9 9.7 12.6 15.4 17.3 17.3 81.0 Tanks Ls- - 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 ToU RecurrentCosta - 10.9 28.5 51.2 74.6 96.2 110.6 112.9 484.9 Tola 9.0 314.5 700.5 966.5 1,024.9 1,009.0797.3 343.9 5,165.5

InIpgon: Pap 1 f 2 a Onr for AqICI*N. S U0wb htr Inigoion D0 t.

0

higalaftPag.2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2~~~~~ India AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculturalServices Progect Table301. TechnobogyGeneration DetailedCosts (Rs Lakh)

Ouantties Unit BaseCost Unit 95/96 96197 97/98 9O99 99100 00f01 01/02 02/03 Total Cost 95/96 96US797198 98U99 99/0 0O1O 01/02 02/03 Total InvestmentCosta SixReg. Ag. Rach. Station Thaher Fam Developmt FarmLayout Ls 0.5 1.0 1.5 - - 3.0 DTW hIsalation + Distr.Lines Ls 2.0 4.0 2.0 - - - 8.0 Thshing Floor Ls 3.5 3.5 - - - - * 7.0 Drying Unid Ls - 2.0 - - - - - 2.0 Store Sheo w. Pucca Chamber LS 4.0 - - - 4.0 SeedProcessing Un La - 4.0 2.0 - - - 6.0 Farm Rds (sze 1SW rnn) Ls 2.0 4.0 3.0 - - - 9.0 Ext. of Lab. Bldg (256nA2) LA - 5.0 5.2 * - - - 10.2 Subtatal 12.0 23.5 13.7 - - 49.2 Equlipnt & Furniture Lab. Eqepnt Ls 2.0 4.0 4.0 - * - - 10.0 Lab. Furnitire La - - - - 1.5 - - - 1.5 Genertor ind. hss i. 15KVA LS _ 2.0 2.0 - - - - 4.0 Sub8olal 2.0 6.0 6.0 1.5 - - 15.5 Fwm Mac_iery Tracor + Acessooes No 1 - 1 3.5 3.5 - *- - - 3.5 Prr Tlo r No 1 1 - - 2 1 1.0 1.0 - - 2.0 Subtotal 4.5 1.0 - - - - 5.5 Purchae Animals Ls 0.3 0.2 - - - - - 0.5 Suototal 18.8 30.7 19.7 - 1.5 - - - 70.7 Shi-ongni Farm Development WasteLnd Dev. (7.4 Ha) LS 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 - - - 10.0 Inigation LS - 1.0 2.0 2.0 - - 5.0 HaN Covered Thiresing Floor Ls 3.5 3.5 - - - 7.0 Seed Procesing Unit Ls 3.0 3.0 - * - 6.0 Seed Stos (200m-2) L - 4.0 4.0 - - - - 8.0 Boundry Wa (I200rm) Ls 1.0 2.0 3.0 - - - - 6.0 Lab. Bldg EXtn Ls - 10.0 20.0 10.0 - - - 40.0 FishPandConstr. (1 Ha) La - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 Subeol 2.0 27.0 40.0 16.0 - - - 85.0 Equpment & Fumriu Lab. Equpmt Ls 3.0 5.0 2.0 - - - - 10.0 Generaw (kid. lintalition) La - 2.0 2.0 - * - - 4.0 Smotei 3.0 7.0 4.0 - - - - - 14.0 Frm Mchinery & Equipmnnt Tracor + Aom ioe No 1I - - - . 1 3.5 3.5 - - - - - 3.5

TechLGen.: Pag 1df6 Vehkicle Jeepw. Trailor No - 1 - - - 1 4 - 4.0 - - - - - 4.0 Subttl 8.5 38.0 44.0 16.0 106.5 K FarmDevelopment Fam Lay&A LS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 5.0 Fam RAdms(I1000 RM) LS 1.0 1.0 3.0 - - 5.0 kla'on & Drage LS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 - - 5.0 FarmFencin (5000 RM) LS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 - - 5.0 NOaCoverd Thveig Roor Ls 3.5 3.5 - - - 7.0 See Pracemn ULil LS - 2.0 4.0 - - - 6.0 Seed Sblr (IOY) La 3.5 3.5 - 7.0 Flh PondCoror. (1Ha) La 3.0 - - - 3.0 Lab BldgCAret. Ls 4.0 6.0 2.8 - - 12.8 Subkot 2.5 20.0 24.5 8.8 - 55.8 Equlpmet & Funtu LabEqufme La 2.0 4.0 4.0 - - - - 10.0 Fwn_a br Lb. dg La - - 2.0 - - - 2.0 Sublal 2.0 4.0 6.0 - - - - 12.0 Fam MwdhA Equip Traclor + Aoees No 1 - - - 1 3.5 3.5 - - - - 3.5

Jo"w. Traor No - 1 - - - 1 4 _ 4.0 - - _ 4.0 Subal 8.0 28.0 30.5 8.8 - - - 75.3

fm Dev_apfo Fom Lyaoi La 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 - - 5.0 Il g -anend Drainp LS 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 - - 5.0 Fum Fenin (100m) La - 5.0 5.0 - - - - 10.0 Fm m1 La 1.0 3.0 2.0 - - - .0 Fih Pond Cuc. La - 1.0 2.0 - - - - 3.0 S"d Slar (lO0at2) La - 3.5 - - 3.5 HWNCosid T_reing Fbow L - 3.5 - - - 3.5 Su_ 1.0 16.0 13. 6.0 - - - 36.0 EquipmwiM & Fuwndre Lab.E*nm La - 2.0 4.0 4.0 - - 10.0 Lb. ExL (llmAl 040W.) m^2 125 125 0.04 0.5 - - - - 0.5 FA Mach & Equip Ta w. Acommei No - - - - - 1I 3.5 3.5 - - - 3.5 Vdd Jo" w. Talmr No - 1 - - - - - 1 4 - 4.0 - - 4.0 _so 4.5 22.5 17.0 10.0 - - - 54.0 Fur kwhbpmM Fm Laymi La 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 3.0 DTW bIg. & Our. Une La 1.0 2.0 2.0 - 5.0 F P(1000k FM LA 1.0 2.0 2.0 - 6.0 Fm Fniu (1000 fl La 2.0 4.0 4.0 - - 10.0 HA Co_ed ThreFb Pow LS 3.5 - - - - 3.5

Tacit. Gow Page2 d Sa. Shad(100 mn2) LS 3.5 3.5 - 7.0 Fah PondConxir. LS 3.0 - - 3.0 Cb Shed(300rm) Ls 4.0 5.8 - - 9.8 Pouby Shed (2 x I 0nA2) LS 3.5 3.5 - _ 7.0 Sub6ai 22.5 21A 9.0 - . - - 53.3 Lob Em (125nA2) nA2 125 . . . 125 0.04 5S.0 - - - - 5.0 Ankb endBWds IS 1.0 2.0 1.0 - - - 4.0 E*upmen & Fumuwte Ld EqLip LS 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 - - 10.0 Fam Mmd & Equip TMr * Aores No 1 1 - - - - 2 3.5 3.5 3.5 ------7.0

Jeepw.Tuor Tb ND I ' ' - 1 4 4.0 - - ' - 4.0 $Ubbl 32.0 34.3 13.0 3.0 1.0 - 83.3 ow. lrm Dmwelpmen Fam ln lA L 2.0 2.0 1.0 - - - 5.0 Fam Fendg (500WFM LS 2.0 2.0 1.0 - - - 5.0 Cmmd T *igPRoa {(lOmW2) Is 3.5 3.5 Coo Sd 00 mQ) Is 4.0 5.8 - - - - - 9.8 Pau*ySWd (2x100ft^2) LS 3.5 3.5 - - - 7.0 SloueShed(1m) Ls . 3.5 * * , 3.5 _ubo" 15.0 16.8 2.0 - - - - 33.8 Ls ExF (150,w2 m^2 150 - - - - 150 0.04 - 6.0 - - - - - 6.0 Abnk endBirds LS 1.0 2.0 2.0 - - - - - 5.0 Es -meo&Fwniltw Lo Eqimet Ls 1.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 - - - - 10.0 P.m Mmh & Equip Tior e s No - - - 1 3.5 3.5 - - - - 3.5

Jmp w.Ture No - 1 - - - - 1 4 - 4.0 - - - 4.0 _dbkktd 20.5 32.8 8.0 1.0 -623 subs" 92.3 186.2 132.2 38.8 2.5 - - 452.0

Fm L1W LS 1.0 1.0 - - - - 2.0 DTW uig. & Dietr.LUe LS 3.0 5.0 - - - 8.0 Fm Rds(800 RM) Ls 2.0 2.0 - - - - - . 4.0 Fum Fendtc (1000 RM) La 2.0 4.0 4.0 - - - 10.0 C. Shed300mw LS 4.0 5.8 - - - - 9.8 PauShay d(2 x SNW2) La 3.5 3.5 FoedSse (10mA) La - 3.5 - - - - - 3.5 FishPond Conr. (1 Ha) Ls 3.0 ------3.0 subl" 18.5 21.3 4.0 - - - - 43.8 Lab Ezen(10OOr2 0.004) mW2 125 - - - - 125 0.04 - 5.0 - - - - 5.0 Aninds rd Brds Ls 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 - - - 7.5 Equipme & FwnUtwI La. Eq*mr4 Ls 2.0 4.0 4.0 - - - - 10.0

Tech.Gen.: Page3 o 6 Form Machiney and Equlprent Tractor + Accesso s No I 1 3.5 3.5 - - - - 3.5 Vehices Jeep w. Trailor No - 1 - - - 1 4 4.0 - - - - 4.0 Subtotal 25.5 35.8 10.0 1.5 1.0 1 - - 73.8 HortcLiture Rech Centr Kahtwchi Farm Development Farm Layout Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 - - - - 3.0 Farm Fencing (500 RM) Ls 1.0 2.0 2.0 - - - - - 5.0 Irrigation Ls 1.0 2.0 2.0 - - - 5.0 Store Shed (100mrn2) LS 3.5 * * * 3.5 GreenHuse Ls 5.0 - - - - - 5.0 Subtotal 6.5 10.0 5.0 - - - 21.5 LabConstr. mA2 430 - - - - 430 0.04 - 17.2 - - - - 17.2 Equipment & Furnitre Lab Equip. Ls 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 - - 10.0 Farm Mach & Equip Tractr + Acoassorie No I - - - 1 3.5 3.5 ------3.5 Vehkcls Jeep w. Traibr No 1 - - - 1 4 _ 4.0 - - - - 4.0 Subotal 12.0 33.2 9.0 2.0 - - - 56.2 Fieherle Rich Center Jorhat Farm Development Farm Layout Ls 1.0 1.0 2.0 - - 4.0 Irriation & Drainage Ls 1.0 2.0 2.0 - - - - 5.0 Farm Fencing (600rm) Ls 3.0 3.0 - - - - 6.0 ConsUDev. of Fih Pands (1 Ha) Ls - 3.0 2.0 - - - - - 5.0 Cattlshd (200mA2) Ls 3.5 3.5 - - - - 7.0 Poultry Shed (2x50mA2) LS 3.5 . - - - 3.5 Subtotal 9.0 12.5 9.0 - - - - - 30.5 Equlpmnwt& Furniture Lab. Equipmwnt Ls 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 - - - - 10.0 Dev. of Plaslicuitue inrastucture Ls 1.0 1.0 0.5 - - - - 2.5 Farm chinery & Equ4imnt Trector + Acoessorie No 1 - - - - 1 3.5 3.5 - - - 3.5 Vehile Jeep w. Tralor No 1 - -- 1 4 4.0 - - - - - 4.0 Animls a Birds Ls 0.5 1.0 1.5 -- - 3.0 Subtotal 20.0 16.5 15.0 2.0 - - 53.5 Farming Stm Rsch Consultants IS 3.2 2.4 - - - - 5.7 StudyTours LS 3.9 3.9 - - - - 7.7 Diagosc Surv Ls 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 - - 2.9 On-StationReeea,ch Ls 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - - 6.1 On-FarmTrials Ls 0.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 - 7.3 SubtoWl 7.3 8.2 4.8 4.8 4.5 - - 29.6 Total inwutent Costs 157.1 279.9 171.0 49.1 8.0 - - 665.1

Tech.Gen.: Page4 of 6 Recurrnt Costa Six RA9.Ag. Rsch. Stations

TanVg Alowus Ls 0.2 02 0.2 02 0.2 02 02 0.2 1.6 Fweiiw. PjsideMr. Ls 0.2 02 0.2 0.2 02 02 02 0.2 1.6 POL La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 Wages LS 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 Vehice Mouenancs La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 awigO&m La 0.5 12 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 122 Fed Coa LS 0.2 02 02 02 02 02 02 0.2 1.6 Seelalml 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 21.5

Trae_ngoIc La 02 02 02 02 02 02 0.2 02 1. Fe,fzw. PesIK sIc LA 0.2 02 02 02 0.2 02 0.2 02 1.6 FishSeed LS 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 POL La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 Wag LS 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 32 Vehib M La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 B&Mng om LS 02 12 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 17.0 Subkcli 1.6 2.6 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 28.3

Tavel AMowas La 0.2 02 0.2 02 02 02 02 02 1.6 Feelker. Pslicds%e it LS 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 1.6 PO1 La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 Wa" La 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 FishSed La 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Vehie MWI LS 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 B&lf OILM Ls 0.2 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 12.2 hawael 22 2.9 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 28.3

Travelng Anm o LS 02 0.2 0.2 0.2 02 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 FeeE, Peais sic. La 02 0.2 02 02 02 02 02 02 1.6 Fish Sed LS 02 0.2 02 02 02 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 POL La 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.8 Wages LS 0.5 0.5 0.5 05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 Vehice hMtL La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 &AfngOM La 0.1 0.7 1.1 1.4 1A 1.4 1.4 1.4 8.6 Subtotal 1.9 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 22.9

TrvAlw&wm La 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 0.2 1.6 Feathe. P_ddxx L 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 POL a 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 Waes Ls 0.6 O 0A 0.8 .O8 0.8 0.8 0.8 6.4 Fed La 0.8 0.8 0.8 0. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 6.4 Ark oel LJ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Vdh Mdti La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 Min(amOL 0.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 14.8 Sub§M 2.9 3.8 4.1 42 42 42 42 42 31.9 D"W

Tak Gw: Pop6d8f TravelAllowance Ls 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 FerWizer,Pestcides Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 POL Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 Wages Ls 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 Feed Ls 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ,0.8 0.8 0.8 6.4 AnimalInsurance Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Vehide Maint. Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 BuildingO&M Ls 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 11.2 Subtotal 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 25.1 Subtotal 12.6 17.2 20.5 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 158.1 Uvatock Rach. Cent. Mondira Trave Allowances Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Chemicals,MerXines Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Feed Ls 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11.0 POL Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 Wages Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 Animallnsurance Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Vehie Maint. Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 BuldingO&M Ls 0.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 13.1 Subtotal 3.6 4.5 4.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 31.8 Horticulture Rsch. Centre Kahikuchl TravelAllowance Ls 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Fenilizer,Pesticides, etc. LS 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 POL Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 Wages Ls 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 Vehile Maint. Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 BulWingO&M LS . 0.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 9.8 Subtotl 1.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 17.3 Fishrie Rach Centre Jorhat TravellingAllowance Ls 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 POL Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Fedilizer.Pesticides Ls 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Feed Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Wages L 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 Insuane o Arimals Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Vehice Maint. Ls 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 Bu'tg O&M Ls 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 9.4 Subtotal 2.9 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 28.4 FarmingStma Rach Camnmit Meings Ls 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 OtherOp g Expen Ls 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Subtobi 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.6 Tota RecurrentCosts 20.7 27.5 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 239.2 Total 177.9 307.4 202.7 80.9 39.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 904.3

Tech. Gen.: Page8 o 6 India Assam RuralInfrastructure and AgnculturalSeMces Project Table202. RuralRoads Detailed Coats (Rs Lakh)

Qugndties Unit Unit 95/96 96M9797/96 96/99 9100 00/01 01102 BaseCost 02103 Total Cost 95/96 96197 97t98 91/99 Investnent Costs 99100 0011D 01J02 02103 Total RoadConstructon Km 75 150 250 250 250 250 BridgeConstruclion 100 67 1,392 5 375.0 750.0 1,250.0 1,250.0 No 25 50 50 50 50 1,250.0 1,250.0 500.0 335.0 6,960.0 PWO 50 7 282 28 - 700.0 1,400.0 Design Lab 1,400.0 1,400.0 1,400.0 1,400.0 196.0 7,896.0 Computer L 37.6 LabEquipment is - - - - - 37.6 Subtotal 22.4 - - - - - 22.4 Vehiides 60.0 No 25 ------60.0 * 25 - * 50 3.1 77.5 * ConsulluatServioes Ls - - - 77.5 * - 155.0 Road 60.0 100.0 200.0 Equipment iS 200.0 100.0 50.0 50.0 40.0 800.0 Training 633.0 * is - - - - 633.0 Totel Investment 30.0 40.0 40.0 Costs 20.0 20.0 - - 150.0 Rocurrent 1,235.5 1,590.0 2,890.0 Costs 2,870.0 2,770.0 2,777.5 1,950.0 571.0 16,654.0 RoadMainmnance Km - 75 225 475 725 PWD Office 975 1,225 3,700 0.52 - * Supphes Ls 39.0 117.0 247.0 377.0 507.0 637.0 1,924.0 Equip 1.0 1.0 1.0 OM1A 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 RoadEq£pnt Ls Vehie O&M 3.8 7.5 12.5 12.5 No 25 25 25 25 25 25 12.5 12.5 5.0 3.4 69.6 increental 25 25 200 0.4 10.0 10.0 10.0 Staff /a 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 80.0 ChilefEnginer No 1 1 1 1 1 SuperiteningEngineers 1 1 1 8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 No 4 4 4 4 4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 Excutiv.Erginrs 4 4 4 32 0.18 0.7 0.7 0.7 No 3 3 3 3 3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.8 Subtotal 3 3 3 24 0.36 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 8.6 Total iawcrent 2.1 2A1 Costs 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 16.8 TOal 16.9 20.6 64.6 142.6 272.6 402.6 525.1 653.5 2,098.4 1,252.4 1,810.6 2,954.6 3,012.6 3,042.6 3,180.1 2,475.1 1,224.5 18,752.4

RuaWRodad: Pap 1od1 I Indca AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculluralServices Project Table302. Educationand Training Detailed Costs (Rs Lakh)

Quantities Unit BaseCost Unit 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02103 Total Cost 95/96 96197 97/98 W99 99/00 OD/01 01/02 MM3 Total Investment Coats Farm Wonmn Tmg C. 0 Jorhat BLiding Renovaton Clw mf/Cornmonrminb m^2 285 - - 285 0.01 2.9 - - - - 2.9 Hostel mA2 825 ------825 0.01 8.3 - - - - 8.3 ImplementShed mA2 100 - - - 100 0.01 1.0 ------1.0 Labmtoy mA2 175 ------175 0.01 1.8 - - - 1.8 Subtotal 13.9 - - - - 13.9 Fumitum Cls mon Ls 6.0 ------6.0 Hostl LS 0.4 - - 0.4 Subtotal 6.4 - - 6.4 Audio Viusi Equip Ove_wr Projector No 1 - - 1 0.25 - 0.3 ------0.3 Skie Ptojecor No 1I - - - 1 0.13 - 0.1 - - - - - 0 .1 Fip Board No - I - - - - - 1 0.05 0.1 - - - 0.1 Cwnera No - 1 - - - - 1 0.45 - 0.5 - - * - 0.5 TapRecorde No - 1 - - - 1 0.05 0.1 - - - 0.1 Wlite Boad No - 1 ------1 0.05 0.1 - - - - 0.1 DisplayBoad No 1 - - - 1 0.05 - 0.1 ------0.1 Opa Prector No - 1 ------1 0.05 - 0.1 - - - 0.1 Sub10tsl - 1.1 -.-- 1.1 OMce Equip Zro Machine No I - - - - 1 1.5 1.5 - - - - * * 1.5 Dpicating Machine No 1 1 0.27 0.3 ------0.3 Typewriters(Engi. & Assmese) No 2 - - 2 0.1 0.2 - - - - - 0.2 GodrejAlmirah No 1 * * * * 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Subtotal 2.5 - - - 2.5 Cooking Equip for Tmg Purposes Redridgerator No 1 1 0.15 0.2 - - - - - 0.2 GasBumerw.Gdnu Pair 1 - - - - 1 0.04 0.0 - - _ - - 0.0 Subtotal 0.2 - - 0.2 Farm Mach. & Equip PowerTUSM Is 0.8 ------0.8 BarbedWre - Goal ProofingFarm IS 1.5 - - - 1.5 Smal knplaments Ls 1.0 1.0 SubtW.a 3.3 ------3.3

Minibus No I - - - 1 2 8 8.0 - - 8.0 - -16.0 jeep No 1 - - 1 - 2 3.6 3.6 - - 3.6 - - 7.2 Subtotal 11.6 - - - 11.6 - 23.2

Educ.Tmg.: Page 1 at 4 Training Ls 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 40.0 Subtotal 42.8 6.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 16.6 5.0 5.0 90.4 In-ServiceTrng for Extn Snf VLEW Pre-ServiceCourse rId. 100 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 520 0.024 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 ,1.4 1.4 1.4 12.5 MonthlyCluster Training No 1,836 1,836 1,836 1,836 1,836 1,836 1,836 1.836 14,688 0.003 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 36.7 RefresherCourse No 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 7,200 0.005 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 36.0 PromotionalStudy Ind. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 0.008 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 StudyTour Ind. 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 1,600 0.01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Subtotal 13.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 101.8 AEO RefresherCourse Ind. 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 1,600 0.005 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 SpeciaiCourse No 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 PromotionalSludy Ind. 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 160 0.08 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 12.8 StudyTour Ind. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 800 0.03 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 24.0 Workshop No. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 Subtotal 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 47.7 SMS (Sub Division) SpecialCourse Ind. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 40 0.003 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Bi-MonthlyWorkshop No 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 384 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.8 PromotionalCourse rId. 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 160 0.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 StudyTour Ind. 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 400 0.03 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 12.0 Workshop No 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 Subtotal 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 33.2 Sr. Off. (SMS/DDA/JDA/Eng) ManagemeruCourse No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 StudyTour Ind. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 0.04 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 ExternalTraining Ind. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 40 0.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Subtotal 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 19.4 Specal Group (Information) SpeidalCourse No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Workshop/Seminar No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 StudyTour No 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 0.03 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 E)dernal Trainng Ind. - 1 * 1 0.4 0.4o 0.4 Subtotal 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.1 SpecialGroup (M&E) SpecalCowuse No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Worishop No I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 8 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 ExtemalTraining rid. 1 0.4 - 0.4 - - 0.4 Suboa 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 SubeM 26.5 25.9 25.9 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 206.0 Fwnurs Traidrng Cmv Wodu Farmes Hostels(550m^2 RCC) No 5 - - 5 24.75 123.8 - - - - 123.8 Fumrn.lstc Hsts 5 - - * 5 2.5 - 12.5 - - - - 12.5 Trakinng(dofFmrs) No - - 120 120 120 120 120 120 720 0.22 - - 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 28.4 26.4 158.4 Subtoa 123.8 38.9 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 294.7 ExtnTmg Centre,Natai Cli Wardi

Educ.Tmg.: Page2 of 4 Otfic cum Lbrary No I - 1 14 14.0 - - - - 14.0 Auditodim No - 1 - 1 14 -14.0 - - - - 14.0 Clatsoom (50)w. AudioVomals No I 1 8 8.0 - - 8.0 Houss s bt whuUoS No 2 4 - - 6 3.5 - 7.0 14.0 - 21.0 Grad IV Sla Ounms No 2 2 - 4 1 2.0 2.0 - , - - 4.0 Posy Unit No - 1 - - - 1 0.65 0.7 - - - 0.7 CamteLkM No 1 1 1 1.0 - - - 1.0 Fahwy No - 1 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 Workshop un Gaerp No - 1 - - 1 2 - 2.0 - - - 2.0 FwmDevuoprmn No I - 1 1 1.0 - - - - 1.0 dglson (STD w. Spb*db) No - 1 - 1 1 1.0 - - 1.0 wat &uppO No 1 - - - 1 3 3.0 - - - 3.0 Bounny WO No I - - - - 1 5 5.0 - _ . . 5.0 SUM" 33.0 26.2 16.0 - - 75.2

Jep No 1 - - - 1 - 2 2.5 2.5 - -2.5 - - 5.0 h - 2u- - - 2 2 4 5.3 - 10.6 - 10.6 -21.2 Submota 2.5 10.6 - - - 2.5 10.6 - 26.2 EqulpA Fulnkw Phoeoapim No I - - - - 11.06 1.1 - - - - - 1.1 SkdlPeo9s w No - I - - - 1 0.06 0.1 - - 0.1 Cnaia Pmrcor No I - - 1 0.26 0.3 - - - - 0.3 O_whsd Pvjkow No - 1 - - I 0.16 - 0.2 - - - 0.2 Cwwa No - 1 - - - 1 0.35 - 0.4 - - - . 0.4 TqR Pbcordr No - 1 - - - 1 0.1 - 0.1 - - - 0.1 T.V. Soi Corb) No - 1 - - 1I 0.18 - 0.2 - - - - 0.2 ° V.C.PN.C.R NO - 1 - - - - 1 0.25 0.3 - - - - 0.3 F _n*as La 1.0 1.0 - _ - _ - 2.0 babtabI 2.1 2.4 - . . . . 4.5 P. TecW (RF1035) + Au oric No 1 - - 1 - - 2 2.9 2.9 - - - 2.9 - 5.8 Po_W TOr NO - I - - - 1 1.2 - 1.2 - - - - - 1.2 Subk8W 2.9 1.2 - 2.9 - 7.0 Ca y Smvis LS 0.5 - - - - ' 0.5 Subtobl 41.0 40.3 16.0 - 5.4 10.6 - 113.3 ToWlhwsLmlmi CoBst 110.2 196.1 85.8 56.9 d.9 73.9 67.5 58.9 704.4 PAmUrwdCosta Woan Tmnl- Joust suig O&M Ls 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 9.5 fPmw_TingHomb. Rabing OAM LA - 3.1 4.1 4.7 5.4 6.0 3.6 3.3 30.2 ExbiTr" Cn,, Nbll

&. _r (SoW) No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.8 -0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.2 &.h1uudorstm Agmpnn) NO 1 1 1 1 I I 1 7 0.6 -0. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.2 Pl_ogsph No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.3 - 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 A NNo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 MsdeIenunOpa No - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 Pouby Ku.w No - 1 1 1 1 I1 1 7 02 -0.2 02 02 0.2 02 0.2 02 1.4

EducTmg.: Pap 3o 4 Cattle Attendant No - 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 FisheryAttendant No - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 ClassroomAttendants No - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.8 Chow-Kiders No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 Peon No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 _0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Subtotal 0.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 26.5 TravelExpenses Ls - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 Vehicle Maint. Jeep No 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 Minibuses No - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 0.5 - 1.0 i. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 Subtotal 0.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 9.4 Other OperatingCosts Feed(Cattle, Poultry, & Fish) Ls - 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.2 RepairstMaint. Ls - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 Subtotal - 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.6 BuildingO&M Ls 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 18.6 Subtotal 1.9 7.8 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.7 60.6 Total Recurrent Coats 3.0 12.1 13.7 14.5 15.3 15.5 13.3 12.9 100.3 Total 113.2 208.2 99.5 71.4 72.2 89.4 80.8 69.9 804.7

Educ. Tmg.: Page4 of 4 Aasu fxtWkimsbudum NW AWicu SenrionPmoed TOW 303. E3imon D_md Comb (R LLah)

Ouuikm Unit BOMCet Unk n N6n 7 S71 n61n n OUW 01 MM TaO coot gun 6w 3713 n a0 O1 0102 1 Tdal a -___ W Brmd Based M Sim C wim SDAaOOffc No 4 4 - - - - - 8 7 28.0 28.0 - - - - 56.0 Godon cum Ga,a No 4 4 - - a- 3 12.0 12.0 - - - - 24.0 SoAas Hoam No - 4 4 - - - - 8 3.5 -14.0 14.0 - - - 28.0 SMSs Hout No - 8 8 - - - - 16 3 -24.0 24.0 - - - 48.0 Nigi Guards Houn ND 4 4 - - - - - 8 0.8 3.2 3.2 - - - - - 6.4 SMbI 43.2 81.2 38.0 - - - - - 162.4 V - cW StaeLvi: CarforADA Exn No - - - I - 2 1.8 - 1.8 - 1.8 - 3.6 StleLv: Cw(Pod) No 2 2 - 4 1.8 - 3.8 - - 3.6 - 7.2 Zonal Lvi: Car brJDAs (Dwer*Tnru) No - - 2 - - 2 - 4 1.8 - 3.6 - - - 3.6 - 7.2 Did Lv: Jeepo(R.pIuienwi) No 8 8 - a8 8 - 32 2.5 20.0 20.0 - -20.0 20.0 - 80.0 NowJo"pforNow Sib-Dis. No 4 4 - - - 4 4 - 16 2.5 10.0 10.0 - - - 10.0 10.0 - 40.0 DedLvi: CarLoan No 10 10 10 20 - - - 50 1 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 - - - - 50.0 SubDvLvi: Molor Cyde Loan No 20 20 20 40 - - - 100 0.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 - - - 20.0 Sulsol 44.0 49.4 17.6 28.0 - 33.6 35.4 - 206.0 Eqtip & FurINe LB - 4.0 4.0 - - - 8.0 9b*4cbJ 87.2 134.6 59.6 28.0 - 33.6 35.4 378.4 Fidd TEId SSrion5 acuwads POtxry Uni No 4 4 2 - - - 10 0.65 2.6 2.6 1.3 - - - - - 6.5 CagIeLink No 4 4 2 - - - - - 10 0.8 3.2 3.2 1.6 - - - - - 8.0 Fehry Urit No 4 4 2 - - - - 10 0.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 - - - - - 5.0 krgaion(STW): SWunider No 4 4 2 - - - - - 10 1 4.0 4.0 2.0 - - - - - 10.0 RPrnoaticmofTmgliHaWlkea No 5 5 - - - - - 10I 1 5.0 5.0 - - 10.0 Suootel 16.8 16.8 5.9 - - - - 39.5 Vdefes Jeep Meplacemmnt) No 5 5 - - - 5 5 - 20 2.5 12.5 12.5 - - -12.5 12.5 50.0 Equip & Fwnturs Catsb Equimnft Set 4 4 2 - - . 10 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.4 - - - - 2.0 PouNry Equprnwe Set 4 4 2 - - 10 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.1 Fmheiy Equipment Set 4 4 2 - - - - 10 0.005 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.1 Sm*ib 0.9 0.9 0.4 - - - 2.2 Demcbdon Pr RFoAsed Mu"le CqRpping No 1,200 1,200 1.200 1200 1,200 1,200 100 1200 9,600 0.05 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 480.0 Low Cost *Fwan Mhimy- NaturaIDmughtDryer No 100 100 100 100 1O0 - - 500 0.025 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 - - 12.5 Naturl Drying cum Storage Stm No 20 20 20 20 20 - 100 0.15 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 - - - 15.0 Community Cod Chamber Stm No 5 5 5 5 5 - 25 0.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 - 20.0

E)dension: Page 1 4 Subtotal 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 - . - 47.5 Subtotal 69.5 69.5 69.5 69.5 69.5 60.0 60.0 60.0 527.5 Subtotal 99.7 99.7 75.8 69.5 69.5 72.5 72.5 60.0 619.2 Information Ciil Works Info. Eldg: State Level (HO) No 1 ------1 22 22.0 ------22.0 Extn of Zonallnfo. Bldg No - 4 - 4 1 - 4.0 - 4.0 Subtoal 22.0 4.0 ------26.0 Vehicle lnbrmationVans No 2 4 - - - 2 4 12 5.3 10.6 21.2 - - - 10.6 21.2 - 63.6 Minibus No - 1 - 1 - 2 5.3 5.3 - - - - 5.3 10.6 Subtoa 10.6 26.5 - - - 10.6 26.5 - 74.2 Equip & Fum: Stat Level V.H.S. No - - - - 1 - - - 1 0.6 - - - - 0.6 - - - 0.6 Edbn9 Table No - - - - 1 - - - 1 0.4 - - - - 0.4 - - - 0.4 Acoeories No - - - - 1 - - - 1 0.65 - - - - 0.7 - - - 0.7 Table Top Ofet (DTP) No - - - - 1 - - - 3.5 - - - - 3.5 - - - 3.5 Phooopler No - - - 1 - - - 1 1.08 - - - 1.1 - - - 1.1 GwaeO (12 KV) No - - - - 1 - - - 1 2.2 - - - - 2.2 - - - 2.2 TaaRerder No - - 1 - - - 1 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - - - 0.1 T.V. Set Color No ------1 0.18 - - - - 0.2 - - - 0.2 Furniture La - - - - 1.5 - - - 1.5 Subel - - - - 10.2 - . 10.2 Equip & Furniture: Zoa Level Furnitm LS 2.0 3.0 ------5.0 OfEt Privdi PawaAAU SingleColorPrintngMach. No 1 1 - - - - - 2 10 10.0 10.0 ------20.0 4 Color Pnting Mach. No 1 1 - - - - 2 22 22.0 22.0 ------44.0 Table Top OHst Mach. No 1 1 ------2 2.6 2.6 2.6 ------5.2 DTP System (Complete w. Scanner) No 1 1 ------2 5.5 5.5 5.5 - * 11.0 Eectuic Typewrter No 1 1 ------2 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - - 1.6 AirConitondr(I ton) No 1 1 - - - - - 2 0.3 0.3 0.3 * * 0.6 Prcess Camera (Verbcal Type) No 1 1 ------2 1.5 1.5 1.5 ------3.0 Cotasd Printer No I I ------2 0.45 0.5 0.5 - - - - 0.9 ReaIuchingDesk No 1 1 ------2 0.1 0.1 0.1 ------0.2 LUniLlpTtl w.FihrnDryingCablns NO 1 1 ------2 0.15 0.2 0.2 ------0.3 AUIoFdlm PrOCeor' No 1 1 ------2 2 2.0 2.0 - - - - - 4.0 Pbta and Fln PrCesing Sink No 1 1 ------2 0.09 0.1 0.1 ------0.2 Graining Machine No 1 1 ------2 0.4 0.4 0.4 ------0.8 PrNhOn Wheeler No 1 1 ------2 0.45 0.5 0.5 ------0.9

PrintngDown Frame (Fliptop) No 1 1I - - - * - 2 0.3 0.3 0.3 - * * * - 0.6 Pbbe Developing Table ND 1 1 ------2 0.09 0.1 0.1 ------0.2 Auto Paper Cuttn Machine No 1 1 - - - - - 2 1.4 1.4 1.4 - - - - - 2.8 WireSidig Mahmine(Double Head) No 1 1 - - - - - 2 0.45 0.5 0.5 ------0.9 Spiral Bindng Machne No 1 1 ------2 0.4 0.4 0.4 ------0.8 Adhieive Bind Machine No 1 1 ------2 1.4 1.4 1.4 ------2.8 Lwinain Machine (Rol) No 1 1 ------2 0.6 0.6 0.6 ------1.2 Pouch Laminator No 1 1 - - - - - 2 0.25 0.3 0.3 ------0.5 TinMot Mchiner . No 1 1 ------2 0.05 0.1 0.1 ------0.1

Exdauon: Page2 o 4 Symbol Peftoriing Machine No 1 1 - 2 0.03 0.0 0.0 - - - - - 0.1 Performing Machin (Sediond Stop) No 1 1 - - - * 2 0.07 0.1 0.1 - - - * 0.1 CoTmbineRat Fie Making (m/c) No 1 1 - - * 2 0.05 0.1 0.1 - - - * - 0.1 Index Cutting Machine No 1 1 ------2 0.05 0.1 0.1 ------0.1 Punching & Gyeting Machine No 1 1 - - - - - 2 0.03 0.0 0.0 - - - - - 0.1 CwmeraScens(16 x20r) Set 2 2 - - * 4 0.5 1.0 1.0 - - - - 2.0 Color Filte, Prism, Trays. etc Set 1 1 - - - - - 2 0.25 0.3 0.3 - - - - * 0.5 Fumhiture& Fxtures Ls - 1.5 1.5 - - - 3.0 Tools & Equip Ls - 0.3 0.3 - * 0.5 Generator ND 1 1 - - - - 2 0.7 0.7 0.7 - - _ - 1.4 SubOt 53.5 55.2 1.8 - - - - 110.4 bt. Lab. at AU

Sail Phoography Equip Set 2 - - - - - 2 0.9 1.8 - * - - - - - 1.8 ColorChromeProosungEquip Set 2 * - - . 2 7.55 - 15.1 - * - - - - 15.1 Motion Piture Equip Set - - 2 - - - - 2 5.15 - 10.3 - - - - 10.3 Computers No 2 - - - - * - 2 2.5 5.0 - * * - _ - 5.0 Sabtoal 6.8 15.1 10.3 - - - 32.2 Subtai 94.9 103.8 12.1 - 10.2 10.6 26.5 - 258.0 Land Manwgerent Ls 50.0 68.1 50.0 50.0 50.0 - - - 268.1 Totalttesntvtt Cost 331.7 406.2 197.5 147.5 129.7 116.7 134.4 60.0 1,523.7 Rnat Coeta Brood Bad Extn Sbn 111cafl al Stw SubDvLvi: SDAO No 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 38.4 SubDv Lvi: Jr. SMA ND 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 128 0.42 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 53.8 SubDv Lvl: UDA No 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.36 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 23.0 SubDv Lvl: LDA No 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 128 0.24 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 30.7 SubDv Lvl: Grade IV No 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 192 0.18 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 34.6 VLEW Allowance Ls 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 27.8 Subtotal 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 208.3 Travlhg Expene State Lvi: ADA, JDA, M&E, EE, 10 Site 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 57.6 Zonal Lv: JDA, SMS, RO Site 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.9 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 57.6 Dised LvA:SDAO, Jr. SMS, DAIO, etc Site 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 168 1.07 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 179.8 SubDv Lvi: SDAO, Jr. SMS, AEO, VLEV Site 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 472 2.16 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 1,019.5 Subtoal 164.3 164.3 164.3 164.3 164.3 164.3 164.3 164.3 1,314.5 Vehicle Opean Cost State Level No - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 0.2 - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.2 Zonal Level No - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 0.2 - * 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.4 Diserict Level No 8 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 120 0.2 1.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 24.0 Sub-Div. Level No 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 60 0.2 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 12.0 Subao 2.4 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 42.6 Oum OpeatngCosmm Sub-OlvieionaLe l Site 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 64 0.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 12.8 B.ibking O&M Ls 2.2 5.5 7.0 7.7 7.7 8.6 9.5 9.5 57.7 Subotl f196.5 202.9 204.8 205.5 205.5 206.3 207.2 207.2 1,635.9 Risd TrIW Statko inawuma_al St Poulby Atendnt No 4 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 72 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.4

Extension: Page 3 of 4 CattleAttendant No 4 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 72 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.4 Fshery Attendant No 4 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 72 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.4 Subtotal 2.4 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 43.2 Vehide O&M No 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 75 0.2 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 15.0 Feedand Other Op. Costs Ls 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 14.4 Bwding O&M Ls 2.5 5.0 6.9 8.6 10.4 12.2 14.0 15.5 74.9 Sub0tal 6.7 13.4 16.9 18.6 20.4 22.2 24.0 25.5 147.5 bdarmsUon lIcr_ener" Stan VideoOperator No - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 PrntingOperator (Offset Prwe) No 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 0.24 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.6 Subkot 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.7 Vehile OperatingCosts Ls 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 12.6 OdherOperating Costs Ls 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 24 2.4 2.4 2.4 19.2 on. l Palt Pre" Chemicals,Ink, Photo Film LS - 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 Instal.& Elec.,etc Ls 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 Subtotal - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.2 Bulling O&M Ls 2.4 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.5 6.5 42.1 Subtotl 5.6 9.9 10.8 10.8 11.1 11.4 12.0 12.0 83.8 Total RecurnentCosta 208.8 226.2 232.5 234.9 236.9 239.9 243.2 244.7 1,867.3 Total 540.6 632.4 430.0 382.4 366.7 356.6 377.6 304.7 3,390.9

In

Exdenaon:Page 4 d 4 Inba AssamRural Inlrastnucture and Agricultural Services Project Table 304. Seed Multiplication DetailedCosts (RsLakh)

Quantities Unit Ban Cost Unit 95/96 96/97 97/98 9699 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 Total Cost 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 9W0 00101 01/02 0W3 Total Investrnent Costs Breedr Seed Production Civll Works Sei CondilionedGodown (20 MT) No I I I I I I a 4 - 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 -24.0 PlantSheds No 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 05 0.5 0.5 - 3.0 CoerdThresdhg Fons No 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 3.0 Subtotal 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 - 30.0 MchNney Seed ProesungEqapment No - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 3 - 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 -18.0 lrffation (STWw. Spti*br) No I 1 I 1 1 1 - 6 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 Subtotal 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 24.0 Total nvestent Cost - 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 - 54.0 RePeuont Costa Opeaton and Maintenan SeedProcersin Equipmot L - 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.8 8.1 Irrigtion (STWw. Spriilder) Ls 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.7 Buiking O&M La - 01 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 3.4 TOal - 9.5 10.1 10.6 11.1 11.6 12.2 3.2 68.2

SeedMulti: Page 1 of I I hula Asuu Rurak*sucn~n aNd -WAuaSe,vM ProdS Tabe 305. Land Racoil. Plbl Land Cor_ Dubd Costs (Rs LaM)

Quantls Unit Be" Coa UnLk 9U 9617 971S NM 0011 OAIQ202003 Tost Cost 95, 961 97796 9NM 93 0011 01M 02103 Total

LhW_ Comoddb Lad Cossl| . Ven NO 4 - - - 4 2.75 11.0 - - 11.0 O0a Equlp & Furns Fuff,s LS 1.8 - - 1.8 Typ _U.r(Aamrss) No 4 - - 4 0.09 0.4 - - - 0.4 Typ_wm (Enrp No 4 - - 4 0.09 0.4 - - - 0.4 DqpkigMh k* No 4 - 4 0.115 0.5 - - - 0.5 Z.eva.Ms No 4 - - 4 1.063 4.3 - - - - 4.3 Td.phwD No 4 4 0.15 0.6 - - 0.6 SubSl 7.8 - - - 7.6 Saew bubuna La 0.6 - - - - 0.6 COimSe.*ss Ls 0.1 0.1 - - - - 02 _ai TnabtinLRA W*t on COUrviry La 2.0 1.0 1.0 - - 4.0 OumclUrl Cou!Y La 4.0 2.0 - _ 6.0 3rn*_lo 2.0 5.0 3.0 * - 10.0 smaa 21.5 5.1 3.0 - - - 29.6 Lmd Aw

summal La 90.0 . - - - - 90.0 TrillI [CgCmLmy La 5.0 Su 95.0 - - - - 95.0 Tol s" ImU Casts 116.5 5.1 3.0 - - - 124.6 LWA Cos ' Land Colalca

s_11wOs No I I I - - 3 O41 0.8 0. 0.8 - - 2.5 CoranaddnOllw No 4 4 4 * * * 12 03 2.1 2.1 2.1 - - A4 Man No 4 4 4 - 1220225 0.9 0.9 0.9 - 2.7

TM" No 5 5 5 15 0236 1.2 12 1.2 - - 3.5 CtnKeep No 4 4 4 * 12 0.429 1.7 1.7 1.7 5.2 No 20 20 20 - o 0.31 6.2 62 6.2 - IL6 PriNaislawrr No 5 5 5 15 020e 1.0 1.0 1.0 - - 1I ChaminAhAMN No 24 24 24 72 203 4.9 4.9 4.9 * * 14.6 inpaatSS__ pl4 NO 32 * * 6 035 1.1 1.1 - 2 1 Subtotal 19.9 19.9 18.9 - - - - - 58.7 HouseRent Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 - - - 1.4 Travelling Alowance Ls 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - - 4.5 VehicleObM Ls 2.0 2.0 2.0 - - - 6.0 OfficeSupplies Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 ConfJMtgs. Publicity for Ec Ls 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 - Building O&M - - 4.0 Ls 540.0 660.0 740.0 Subtotal - - - 1,940.0 566.4 685.4 764.3 - - Land Records - - - 2,016.1 Incremental Cost Staff Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Bulling O&M Ls 1.0 1.0 8.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Subtotal 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 19.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Total Recurrent Costs 3.4 3.4 27.0 569.8 688.8 767.7 Total 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 2,043.1 686.2 693.9 770.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.167.7

L

land: Pas2 d 2 Asuim Rutal Inrastrudure and Arciral ServicesProjec Tabe 401. Project rnpte on Detailed Costs (Rs Lad)

Ou.tU" Unit has Coat Undt 956/ 961f97976 9 930 001 01102 02113JTOtl Cost 95/96 96f97 97191109 9WW 00131 01102 02103 Totl icw"unt Cost

Vdides No I 2 - - - 2Z 6 3 3.0 - 6.0 - - 3.0 - 6.0 18.0 Offil Equip A Furntr PraOm Computers No 4 - - - - 4 0.9 3.6 - - - - - 3.6 Modwm No 4 - - - - 4 0.09 0.4 - - - 0.4 LzrP*iNr.s No I - - . 1I 0.9 0.9 - . . . . 0.9 Oot MalrbP.nter No 1 - - - - 1 0.24 0.2 - - - - - 0.2 suowae Ls 0.8 - - - - - 0.8 PhotoDi No I - - - 1 0.45 0.5 ------0.5 FaxMad**e No I - - - - 1 0.4 0.4 ------0.4 Fumiur LS 0.8 - _ - - - - 0.8 Subtotal 7.5 ------7.5 TrAh for Poliy Maim, a Sr. Mgt TrWimg Whid lbwCout L - 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - - 5.0 Traning OAldie Couy LS - 33.0 0 3 3.0 3.0 0 - 15.0 Jsl tatk- 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 - 20.0 o Stuxlz xs Poly StUdieS La 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.5 EvakudonSudes LS 2.0 1.5 1.5 - - - 5.0 Sols & Water Mgt Sdy La 1.5 1.5 Mk of HighVa CropsSudy La - 1.5 - - _ - - 1.5 Subtota 3.6 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.6 - - - 8.5 NGOCal Ls 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 kvova_v Prograns Ls - 60.0 80.0 100.0 100.0 80.0 40.0 40.0 500.0 Totalbnvesent Costs 14.6 66.1 92.1 104.6 106.1 87.5 40.5 46.5 558.0 Recurren Co"ts hInmt saff Eswr" eSpedale No I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 WonmnDev.Offr No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 Economists No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.0 Antvopoogi No I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 SopportStaf No 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 0.48 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 11.5 DOr No 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 20 0.48 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 9.6 Subtoa 6.9 6.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 61.1 W adsipLcon.MtgeK.on. Ls 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 Opwqao mudMantrmwe VehNd Ls 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.7 11.3 Olke Eqvmnent La 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.8 Subkota 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 3.3 16.1 Tael Cods Ls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0

P$ knplenwadon: Page 1 of 2 BuildingO Ls 0.6 2.5 5.1 7.9 10.9 12.8 12.2 11.1 62.9 TObWRectntyj Comb 9.8 11.6 16.1 19.0 21.9 24.2 23.7 23.4 149.7 Tolal 24.4 77.7 108.2 123.6 128.0 111.7 64.2 69.9 707.7

nppmentAO Paop 2of2 -111-

Annex 6.

INDIA

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Schedule of Disbursament

Disbursements

IDA fiscal vear Bi-Annual Cumulative % and semester ------USS million------

FY96 First 2.0 2.0 1 Second 10.6 12.6 -10

FY97 First 7.4 20.0 16 Second 9.0 29.0 23

FY98 First 8.9 37.9 30 Second 10.0 47.9 38

FY99 First 7.7 55.6 44 Second 10.0 65.6 52

FY00 First 8.6 74.2 58 Second 9.0 83.2 66

FYO1 First 9.0 92.2 73 Second 8I6 100.8 so

FY02 First 6.1 108.9 86 Second 7.0 115.9 92

FY03 First 6.1 122.0 97 Second 4.0 126.0 100 I ASSAM - RURALINFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

STATEGOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENT

PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT DDRECTOR AGRICUJLTURE -

| JOINT FED JOINT ______~~~FIELD IACHAYAT& DIRECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR TRIAL STATIONS [ DEPARTMENT AGRICULTUR TRIAL___I__N

LEVEL 1994 TobeImp.menhed) 1992 DISTRICT DISTRICT DISTRICT SUBJECT SUBDIVISION AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL MATTER ZILLA ELECTED MAHUKUMA DRDA- OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER SPECIALISTS PARISHAD PARISHAD

SUBDIVISIONAL ANCHAUK AGRICULTURALPACAAANHKBCK OFFICERBLCLEEPACYT

AGRICULTURAL PANCHAYATS EXTENSION 6OO-100 PANCHAYATS PANCHAYATS OFFICER

VILLAGE VILLAG LEVEL EXTENSION VLAEEELVILLAGE LEVEL.] WORKERWOKRWREWOKR r

0 'DisIic RuralDevelopment Agency (DRDA) controls pro-shIftIng to Panchayats.Other Departmentsshall shIft.

sadshv51395a I ASSAM- RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT ProposedOrganizational Chart

STATEMIMNSTERS /

/* *- - j ProjectGukdance Commmee | / ~~~~~AgthralnProducton. i-, / Co~~~~~~~mrIssboner _ .

AgrVAHFISH/PWev/F h ......

ProleclmpepmentalaonUrltUn -

StaleAgrkuuJral vawsityl |

*eslei - - - . *

Departments ......

. . | Distric f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~Fiekd I ;- ImpbmSaln * CommItoa

| Dstidk Officers [

or F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-ADM -Conbol Field Officers . . .. -....- - - 1 link kw Proo A.cAls -| achyaF rX

Xlix of Ofikbshn OMtaLsb . . - * w | | or ~~~~~~~~RuraPeope and B or_.k- UsedGrup *Exlusive * * Peoples OrganIzation . -

sas51395b I -114-

Annex a. Attachment 1.

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

AN INDICATIVE LIST OF ACTIVITIES/ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED IN CONSULTATIVE PLANNING

1. Consultative planning would be carried out by implementing departments and agencies with the assistance of NGOs, particularly for activities which would lead to the creation or development of common assets. This would include most irrigation activities, development of fisheries in community ponds and wells, fodder development on common lands, and roads. The intensity of consultative planning would be minimal for the shallow tube welr - program. For roads, the consultative planning would be confined to planning for afforestation or other appropriate activities on government lands along the roadside, and maintenance of drainage works.

2. The consultative planning would initially be flexible though attempts would be made to have common procedures and sequencing implementation of components. An indicative planning module consisting of five steps is attached. For the first three steps the details are component wise. For the last two steps, a common procedure is indicated, as by this time all the details which vary from component to component, would have been discussed and almost finalized. -

3. If more than one activity is being taken up in the same village, separate plans and MOUs would be prepared for each activity. In such cases, the consultative planning would have been done in a coordinated way. CO)MVONtiEfr MINOR UIDJLATION FISIERIES IN COMMIUNrlY ?OHDS FODDER ILATATION ON COaMON ROADS (for us ofroa side AND BE.IS STEI I.ANI)S tort. lnd & marniecussceor drainngeworks) Stp I Ssausa.po.ndaland uiliaont of - CrntatauSge, ondiiosadownehipolwaker - Curen usageand conuitioeand ownership of the- Curnt usageau condiLionof Diagnosde exisilng Irsigadonbacilites body to be developed. comnmn*mca proposed to be developed. roadsidcptYL 1ud. E xtacIse (funelonal auu non-lunctional). * rTaditionaland lecgal ight of usm elib. w,ta - Curenr requiremenulor lodderilucL * Conditionof drainage . Feaibility as per groundwater body systenru axpoidoe moar-. doing different seasons. Foddet/luelcjlcndar showint how th. - Oiher eisting areu andpotential locadons for requiscneusa mt by differea . Quality Sysiteu. if any. being cumdily of undergiouahurface fishey dervdopmenIn the villageclusterof classcs/ceCgorieCsOfpopIt in shevillage. msedfob maintalnIng drminage water. villages. SystcEu. -Possible alcsaaassvueufur grazing. fuclwood. . Statis of canalalignments for HNo.of householdsbcloaging to uiditiomil existing ysesicprposd to be s Ilasng omrnurides. - No. of grazien andsysienu tehnabliated. of enmploymaent * Fishing skills pirvaslingin other consniuniies. - alsting opbomswilms villge for Irdpgato dervdlepeaL

Step2 Idenilficaton anddemnacmaon oriEsdmatesof - ofinital lnvestentmnu/mnpowertnal - Dcvclopiisenof appropriatesilv-pamnuAl Deeopmnei of ponidal mnodsb.- Dcvcloprmniof &pKrlwrinensods L oimad mea, would be requimcdfog dewvloping the watcrbody. Da Plan for sil conscivationon roadside. isting out opsiollswiibin sheapilrophitie models . Dicusionson cosn-lencrisshasing * iscussionon l Culdt's lhtCisetIdocsso pUaisily ror gras and ve specics.spaing. pliantng I.istingout oltiolns Wititii tlhe with potenial bencridualcs. or fully dean up the pondtLnugh labor techniques.ocher soil and moistmreconservation appropsixiatemodels Including contribudon.(Two or thrce models,with boencfit activics. * grasses,annual emln. oecspeCicJ. Discussionson lumningover of sharing propornionatcto conmnunity conUibudon systems. couldbe developex) - Iildnuficauonofmt isos forconipenising Idcistifying nmthodslor current user compensatsngcurntl usets. - ldcndrficamonof existingFMCs or * Itknuificationof sncthodsfor coupensating otha village orgazAdons. curcnt usern(including fishingeommuntises). - hicntifiation of grating oltions oussidedic a IdcndiIyingmncluaniasn fur Obhl to bc developed. - Discussion actividesby village. on andprmpuadon of * icchanisnmfor mnanagcincnm andmaIntecsance of dra ptaandt ba of above fishery activities. - Discussionson cosm-bencritshaming. througheonsulLadons betwece * Discussionon andprcparatioi of draft planon the basisof above Minor lrstlions/Ag. Eng. - Identificalionof cAistinguHCs or othervillUtc - Arrangcnrnt for protectionfrom grazing.ilicit thmoughronsultsuon bescnecc Dcpus./Villse Gmtup/NiGOs. oaadzadonm. tree eIlling.fire and othernanagemenst medvides. IWD/ViIlage Gnups/NGOs.

- Disciusion on aISd pasrajionof duit pluaon -lentificamionI of FNIC/DWICsin villageor thebais of abovethrough consultadons between villages currentlyusing or enjoyingwage rigbt rishaies Dev. Depatrtmen/Village in the am to bo devetlope GIouS/INGOs. -Discussion on asd pmparadoe ofdrIaft Fan on the bedso1f d abs dut h e __meiimmsbearn AniimalIlusbmndry Deps.lIaadayat. Reveno" or r-o_rstDCpt amaopdate andNOts. a COMP'ONENr MINOR IRRIGATION FISHERIES IN COhi#4flUNY PONDS FODDER PLANTATION ON COMMON AND 0EEIS ROADS (for Ue of roadet STre LANDS gouL land & malnecence of dralnageworkq) Step3 - Ideadltlekeiatzludag FMCs or - ldendficationof cxising FMCs andoct iduimicao. and otwatb_taulilarlvfllage - Ideadficatdomof cxistng FMCsand oter gmps. benefictwytnUigegroUs.p - Fonnmloggasuzaioais not necessary folatleIslen beatseuicar7hilagegiops In V. vilage or viUages It r beethu otdevl,cne tfrm tlehing with taditionaI or legal usagedgbu of she - IfFMCa exist. diaussiomon * In amt beo roadsideIs planned. If FlCIFNICS cxiti. liscussionon uwhther dveclokqd UerOt,tgazado wheact hep In emnyai.. fishingcownuiies andlaldess an 1 oud be mee dtugh cegn. I-If oduction aciviUUwith bc*e Ifnmm than it dirisulaoa hercomromli.ioa one I-MC at viUageenjoys usage sharing amageaseus f - Disciusionaon wiscilscrchange i comnposidon ampleamd. an wo Idifid righs tben discussionson whetha do Pro gsnup of farmn ofthe FC would ap1 ropriaseVoup. preferablyan be nceassy for oemgraneal sbhul be divided and asing enos-a lgatlon fadhiyto detnxtoted acwodinglyor FMC wouWdhave to be identi6d. of Pad bench sl xuingfrom ris"h devtlomeng whethr an icttody shouldbe lamoed rot sh form oVAIL acdvidseL mated. developmnensand managementof she5KL - Refomiad of FMC, If meary, - Reromautioof IwC, if sacessasy. aUcig to If FJMCsdo notcaiuis satsonof FMCAMCs aotgldlsg Isssbov. ahbw a2spetr tquimMsentL ( If MIC does eWSe rlat ioa of - If IMCdoea not cLit. fonissiot of sa AICas .~~~~~a an" RCofaesbniusofammmm of atpsmadao pp_u.a uu0tos fails In esu_dtm wish ealsi*g ' enelayile|P Pue

SUP4 Apat Gm do idendficaoo of devalopee actvides,the plan shouldd ly 1dleee; lawe L t usgm_ FMCwm b bhdetlsszuchu beasp andeof opeuidou of do "a L 11.a-boolkt umge.vns;shoigt betweengovanet a*nduse groups MLe sIbemell hbawingumnag u between neenbersof d.c u sergrouaP IV. agencywhich d bwotespoaibe for lailal ivesmancsm activilis. Whe eaibe. t&Mswoud bedo wholly or wisb suppcte los eaneereddetpausna padly by thesusr ostazation andNGOs. or cuanacteAlout, asalpria54 sow T. If swast of sysun awassets is envIaged, as In thccase of minorifsigiatiss. e edondidonalilicsand mcchadasi.u'of ltunover should l Ic deauled. SUepS Didag aodsiging of a MMU by ibe mu otganzsiumnand Ilc MMU imrilenicatsigagency bsed on the fina pilan.

NOT8a Two odo soud be dman f mn- eing of Orgaisation fas sinl con_oln at brwee. canywoneosin shesum 0) s f of uptdik FMICmtw spedlf fmieo.. fs: with die possibilityof memnbl p o( FMCaoveuapping; ii f ehIlCe*oe_mty bcsi withsrmgefic user goups withinthe FMC or groupoFr1Cs. TheI hot m r is asaan she srstoption. U the secondoptio ischoe.. m poedues eao besppoiatcly ainodsf

i.

. ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I _117-

Annex 8.- Attachment 2.

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

LIST OF ACTIVE NGOs IN ASSAM

(a) Dalbari Gramunnayan Samiti, Dalbari, Dist. Moregaon

(b) Jalugiti Agragami Mahila Samity, Jalugiti, Dist. Moregaon

(c) Jalaibari Lok Jagu Samity, Jalaibari, Dist. Moregaon

(d) Jankalyan Samiti, Mirza, Dist. Kamrup

(e) Kalpatru Yuvak Sangh, Dakuah, Dist. Lakhimpur

(f) Anchalik Gamunnayan Samiti, Jania, Dist. Barpeta

(g) Shankardev Madhavdev Gram Unnayan Samiti, Haswa, Dist. Golaghat

(h) Shanti Sadan Ashram, Bisondi, Dist. Dhubri

(i) Saptrathi Milan Sangh, Mazgaon, Dist. Nagaon

(j) Bhartiya Jan Vigyan Jatha

(k) Lakhimpur Khadi Gramudyog Samiti, Lakhimpur

(1) Green Plus Society, Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat

(m) Tamulpur Anchlik Gramdan Sangh, Kumarikata, Dist. Nalbari

(n) Gram Lok Sevak Sangh, Nalbari

(o) Darrang District Mahila Sangh, Mangaldai

(p) Deah Bhakta Rural Development Association, Naligaon, Dist. Barpeta

(q) Faram Prashar Yuva Samiti, Karimganj

(r) Kaligura Khadi & Village Industries, Kaligura, Dist. Cachar I -118-

Annex s8 Attachment 3

ASSAM-RURAL IN TRUCASE AND AGRICULA SEICES PROJECT

IBLE ARRAS WHERE NGOS COULD ASSIST IN PRECT IMPLEMENTATION

(a) Carry-out regular maintenance of drain-lines, cross drainage channels; and

lb) afforestation/cultivationon roadside government lands.

Irriaatin2

(a) assist in the constructionof STW through FMCs;

(b) carry-out rehabilitation of DIVs and surface irrigation schemes;

(c) carry-out repair and Maintenance of Pumps;

(d) assist farmers in the selection/purchase of pumps and pipes; and

(a) act as contractors for installationof STW on a competitivebasis

Rice-based Farmina Systems

Ca) ndertake farming on leased lands; practice participatory diagnostic research on farming systems and organize training for VLZV;

(b) provide short term orientation courses (3-5 days) for Volunteer Extension Workers

(c) assist in organizing supply of seds, fertilizer and pesticides; and

(d) organize or assist in organizing repair services for farm implements.

(a) raise nurseries on comunty and leased lands:

(b) develop horticulture on counlty lands;

(c) provide training in food processing, espcially fruit preservation;

(d) organize horticulturedemonstrations; -119-

(e) organize training and provide support for VLEWs;

(f) organize or assist in organizing supply of planting materials and other inputs; and

(g) assist in marketing of horticultural crops.

Fisheries

(a) develop fisheries in community tanks and beels;

(b) carry-out demonstration of pond fisheries;

(c) provide extension services for starting pond fisheries; and

(d) organize or assist in organizing supply of fish seeds/fingerlings, nutrients, marketing of fish.

Livestock and Fodder Development

(a) assist in fodder development on community lands;

(b) prepare demonstrations, especially for piggery;

(c) organize training and provide support to self-employed extension workers; and

(d) organize fodder seed collection and marketing. other rnnovative Activities)

(a) practice organic farming and integrated pest management;

(b) carry-out agricultural trials;

(c) prepare demonstrations; and

(d) pilot low cost irrigation such as the use of "zarna,'pumps, treadle pumps, ring wells, etc. -120-

Annex 8. Attachment 4.

INDIA

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

GRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS)

The project would seek NGO participation to assist in formation of Water User Associations, Fishermen Societies and Farmers' Groups; farmer mobilization, sensitization and training. GOA would invite from interested NGOs detailed proposals for collaboration. The GOA would be responsible for reviewing the proposals and agreeing on appropriate mechanisms to involve NoOs in the project. The selection of NGOs would be guided by the following criteria:

(a) As part of legal requirements, the NGO should be a registered body under the relevant State Law. It should have meticulous accounts and properly audited annual scatements of income and expenditure.

(b) Since the program involves working with farmers with diverse socio- cultural backgrounds in an agrarian setting, it is essential that the NGO has a rural orientation. To avoid creating any biases and misconceptions in the minds of the people, the NGO should not be affiliated to any political organization.

(c) As the project requires NGO support for farmer mobilization and field level management of assets nd resources, the NGO should have adequate number of field level staff conversant with the local language and customs and having a clear understanding of the socio- economic and political situation of the area. They should also have good rapport with the community so as to enthuse and involve them in developmental activities wholeheartedly. This ability should be reflected in some of the projects undertaken ny the NGO earlier. Good communication skills are a requirement.

(d) A prior understanding of the matter under consideration, and experience in WUA, Fisherman Associations and Farmers' groups formation and interaction would be an added advantage. Owing to he nature and extent of the physical coverage on the program each selected NGO will be apart of the entire process. Hance the NGO should be able to interact smoothly with and be a part of he team.

(e) Finally, the NGO should have internal stability so as to assure long-term support to the project. I -12 1-

Annex 9 AttachmentI Paae I of 6

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

IRRIGATIONDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

SimplifiedProcedures/Guidelines for UndertakingRapid FeasibilityStudies Appropriatefor the Developmentof ShallowTube Wells

Introduction

1. Total number of shallow tube wells to be installedunder the schemewill be 15,000 in a 7 year period covering 18 districtsin the state,benefitting an area of 33,000 ha. District-wisedistribution of STWs for implementationis given in Table 1.

Simplifiedprocedures for rapid feasibilitystudies

2. Officialrecords from the Chief Engineer(Agriculture) show that 19,618 Field ManagementCommittees (FMCs) alreadyexist in 214 blocks of the state. The AgricultureDepartment should collect informationfrom the FMCs in each block, particularlyon area cultivated,location, cropping/irrigation intensity,farmer's location& income levels,gender, presence of any other organizationin the location,FMCs overdueposition, number of STWs in the locationand their performance.

3. A 14 factor scoringmethod to be adoptedusing the collectedinformation to select potentialFMCs or individualfarmers for installingthe STWs is presentedin Table 2. A cumulativescore will be computedfor each FMC or farmer as the case may be. FMCs or farmerswith higher scoreswill be given priorityfor STW developmentover FMCs or farmerswith lower scores.

.Imolementation

4. Out of the 15,000 STWs, 90% will be developedthrough FMCs and 10% on individualfarmer basis. Once the FMCs are ranked based on the above set of criteria,FMCs should be motivatedto become formal associationsby registrationunder the SocietiesAct. Priorityduring implementationwill follow the order of registrationof the FMCs.

5. The AgricultureDepartment, with the existing infrastructure,will be responsiblefor implementingthe proposedSTW schemes. Implementationshould be done throughLCB and the AgricultureDepartment should superviseand providetechnical guidance. The FMCs should be involvedin the civil works relatedto STW installation.

6. The STW programunder this project should incorporatethe existingSTN programbeing implementedby the AgricultureDepartment under the Conmunity IrrigationProject (CIP) in order to reduce the heavy subsidyinbuilt in the -122-

Annex9 Attachmentl Page 2 of 6 CIP. Becauseonly about5-10 percentof the FMCsare functioningand self sustaining,NGOs shouldbe engagedto strengthenthe FMCs. NGOs shouldalso assistin evolvingmethods for effectivefarmer participation in project implementation. 7. Sincethe role of women in farmingis gainingincreasing recognition in the state,NGOs and FMCsshould encourage women in STW investment.Wherever women show interest,they shouldbe givenpriority over men in selectionand implementationof the STWs program. 8. Beforethe implementationof the STWs program,a MemorandumOf Understanding(MOU) shall be executedby the concernedSecretary and President _ of the FMC and the AgricultureDepartment, in whichthe FMC assumes responsibilityover the STW schemeand cost recoveryas per the conditions stipulatedby the Government.An amountequal to one-thirdof the total investmentfor each STW is to be recoveredfrom the beneficiariesin 4 installmentswhere the first instalmentis to be recoveredbefore the constructionwork starts. The FMC shouldbe responsiblefor costrecovery (in cashor kind)on behalfof the implementingagency. Labourcontribution by the beneficiaryfarmers during installation should be includedin cost recoverycomputation. The FMC can keep 1 percentof the amountcollected as- an incentive.In the caseof defaulters,the pump setsto be takenback to the AgricultureDepartment. 9. In the caseof farmerbeneficiaries without an FMC, eachbeneficiary farmershould sign an agreementwith the implementingagency that he/she will pay one third of the costof the investmentin 4 equalinstallments and should, operateand maintainthe STWs by himself/herself.In the caseof defaulters, the pump sets are to be repossessedby the AgricultureDepartment. 10. Involvement of the CentralGround Water Board (CGWB) is recommended whichwill take care of the groundwater budget and spacingbetween the wells in the selectedlocations. The RegionalDirectorate of the CGWB (Guwahati)is alreadyconducting detailed studies on recharge,spacing requirements etc.. 11. Once the selectionof the STW sitesand FMCs in all the districtsis completedby the AgricultureDepartment, then the CGWB (Guwahati)should be consultedabout the selectionand its suggestionsshould be incorporated appropriatelybefore implementation. The technicalguidelines as recommended by the CGWB are to be consideredwhile implementingthe schemes. Technicalguidelines 12. As per the generalguidelines of the CGWB,normally a well assemblyof 102mm diameterwith 6 to 15 m of slottedpipe of agriculturalstrainer made up of galvanizediron pipe has to be loweredinto a 150 mm diameterborehole. The wells have to be shroudedwith gravelof suitablesize. In locationssuch as northof Brahmaputrariver covering northern parts of Goalpara,Kamrup, Darrangand NorthLakhimpur, twin-tube wells with a centralpumping system couldbe done insteadof conventionalboring due to boulderyformations even -123-

Annex 9 Attachment1 Page 3 of 6 at shallowdepths of 15 to 20 m below the surface.

13. Pump efficiencyis greatlyaffected by the pump head, hence properhead shouldbe maintained.For example,with a total head of 6.5 m, the-discharge will be about 10 litersper second(lps), for 7.5 to 9.5 m, the dischargewill be about 8 lps and for 10 to 12 m head, the dischargewill be about 6 lps. Pumps shouldbe installedin such a way that a minimumefficiency of 50 % shouldbe assured.Pumps for STWs shouldbe placedat or near the surface.

14. In the flood plainsof the Brahmaputravalley, aquifers are extensive and prolificwith high transmissivityvalues. Normalspacing is taken as 200 m and in other areas such as north of the Brahmaputrariver, the spacingis taken as 300 m becauseof moderatetransmissivity resulting in higher drawdowns.In locationssuch as Silchardistrict which are characterizedby low transmissivity,STWs with low dischargedesign at selectedlocations which could commandonly about 1 ha could be feasible.

15. STW installationshould be done with a combinationof GI pipesand PVC pipes.For example,for an STW with a depth of 30 meters,the combinationwill be: 3 meter GI pipe, 17 metersPVC pipe and 10 meters iron cum HDP strainer. -124-

Annex9 AttachmentI

Table1: New Investmentin ShallowTube Wells (STWs) District AnnualDistribution (Nos.) YI Y2 Y3 Y4 YS Y6 Y7 YB Total

Goalpara - 24 85 150 120 120 80 21 600 Dhubri - 35 158 220 225 220 180 87 1125 Kokrajhar - 30 115 156 156 192 165 61 875 Bongaigaon - 33 130 176 155 200 170 76 940 Kamrup - 37 157 196 208 210 170 82 1060 Nalbari - 39 125 155 167 143 92 29 750 Barpeta - 35 157 198 205 200 171 94 1060 Darrang - 25 95 145 175 130 119 61 750 Sonitpur - 28 96 154 200 195 162 40 875 Nagaon - 35 156 197 221 206 175 70 1060 Morigaon - 25 97 150 164 156 158 68 818 Jorhat - 23 108 152 160 150 151 81 825 Golaghat - 25 89 152 160 165 143 91 825 Sibsagar - 20 85 135 143 154 131 82 750 Lakhimpur - 25 86 148 154 160 109 68 750 Ohemaji - 18 71 102 104 105 77 23 SOO Dlbrugarh - 17 95 145 156 160 120 57 750 Tinsukia - 26 85 124 127 134 127 64 687

Total - 500 1990 2855 30003000 2500 1155 15000 -125-

Annex9 Attachmentn1 Page 5 of 6 Table2: Scoringmethod Nameof the FMC/farmer: Nameof the location: Factor Max.score 1. Actualarea cultivated to targetarea: (->100%) 5 (75 -100%) 3 (<75%) 1 2. Occupationof the farmer: (farmer) 5 (non-farmer) 1 3. Gendertype: (male) 2 (female) 5 4. Currentincome of the farmer: (high) 1 (medium) 3 (low) 5 5. Locationwith respect to DTW,RPS, DS: (within) 1 (outside) 5 6. Cropping(irrigation)intensity in the location: (>100%) 5 (50-100%) 4 (<50%) 1 7. Willingnessto pay a portionof the cost: (yes) 5 (no) 1 8. Any otherfarmer organization in the location: (present) 5 (absent) 2 9. FMC'soverdues with commercial banks/coop.societies: (more) 2 (less) 3 (no) 5 IO.Numberof STWsin the area(Nos./village): (more) 2 (less) 5 continued.... -126-

Annex 9 Attachment-l Page 6 of 6 Table 2 (continued... ): Scoringmethod Name of the FMC/farmer: Name of the location:

Factor Max. score

11.Whetherany ongoingSTW programin the area: (yes) 1 (no) 5 12.Whetherthe farmer is a memberof any other FMC (yes) 1 (no) 5 13. WhetherNGO presentin the locality: (yes) 5 (no) 3 14. Averageperformance of the STWs in the location: (>90%) 5 (70-90%) 3 (<70%) 1 -127-

Annex 9 Attachment2 Page I of 6 INDIA

- ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

IRRIGATIONDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

SelectionCriteria and Guidelinesfor Rehabilitationof Deep Tube Wells (DTWsIand River PumpingSchemes(RPSs)

Introduction

1. The total number of DTWs and RPSs to be rehabilitatedwill be 320 and 150, respectively,in a 6 year period covering 23 districtsin the state and benefittingan area of 15,460 ha. Districtwisedistribution of DTWs/RPSsfor implementationis given in Tables 1 and 2. SelectionCriteria for DTWs and RPSs for Rehabilitation

2. There are three types of rehabilitationwork that need to done: a) installationof equipmenton about 622 deep bores that were drilledby the IrrigationDepartment but had not been fitted with pumpsetsand other equipment;b) repairingabout 529 DTWs that are not in workingcondition due to major break downs, and c) retrofittingwith diesel pumps about 613 DTWs that are partiallyutilized due to the intermittentsupply of electricity.

3. The IrrigationDepartment should collect informationon the DTWs/RPS id each category,such as locationwith respect to transportfacilities and other DTWs/RPSs,average electricity availability, age of the DTWs/RPSs,presence of FMCs/otherorganizations, cropping intensity, overdue with FMCs, presenceof any other OTW/RPS scheme,presence of NGOs and performanceof the DTWs/RPSsin the location.

4. An 11 factor scoringmethod will be adopted using the collected informationto select the potentialDTW/RPS for rehabilitation(Table 3). A cumulativescore will be computedfor each DTW/RPS. DTWs/RPSswith high cumulativescores will be selectedfor rehabilitation.

I ementation

5. The rehabilitationinvestment for 320 DTWs is to be distributedas follows: 50% where only deep bores are available;40 % where OTWs are not workingand 10% where DTWs are partiallyworking. Once the OTWs are ranked in each of the three categoriesbased on the above set of criteria,farmer groups or FMCs in each DTW locationshould be motivatedto become formalwater users associations(WUA) by registrationunder the SocietiesAct. NGOs shouldbe engagedto strengthenthe FMCs and evolve methods for effectivefarmer participationin project implementation.The WUAs will be prioritizedduring implementationbased on the order in which they are formed. -128-

Annex 9 Attachment Page 2 of 6 6. The IrrigationDepartment (ID), with the existinginfrastructure, will be responsiblefor implementingthe proposedDTW/RP schemes through LCB. ID shoulddo the supervisionand monitoringof implementation. 7. Beforeexecution of the rehabilitationprogram, a MOU is to be executed by the concernedSecretary and Presidentof the WUA and the Irrigation Department(ID) to undertakethe rehabilitationas per the conditions stipulatedby the Government. 8. The ChiefEngineer (Distribution), Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB) had indicatedthat the total plannedpower requirement in the statewill be 1785million units/year and the shareof irrigationsector will be about37 millionunits/year ( 2 %). Currently,the ASEB is chargingthe Irrigation Departmentfor the supplyof electricityto the DTWs/RPSs.Even though farmersare expectedto pay an irrigationcess to the IrrigationDepartment, this has not been done in the lastthree years. 9. The IrrigationDepartment's overdues to ASEB (as of November1994) amountedto aboutRs 102 millions,and ASEB is reluctantto supplymore electricityto ID. About30% of the overduesis attributedto the operation of DTWsand 10% to RPSs. Further,power generation in the stateis alsohighly inadequate.ASEB is planningto increasepower charges from the existingRs 0.88 to Rs 1.60/unitin view of the high costof generationwhich is aboutRs 2.61/unit. 10. Revenueto the IrrigationDepartment through irrigation cess in the last threeyears is negligible,as therewas no watercharge collection in the last' threeyears. The Governmentof Assam issuednotification in June 1992to fix IrrigationService charges from the beneficiariesof all irrigationschemes. The per hectareirrigation charges for Kharifcrop is Rs 140.62,wheat Rs 281.25,Early Ahu and Ahu Rs 375.50.Total charges per annumwill be Rs 797.37 per hectare. 11. The operatingcost per hectareper annumof usingelectric power is Rs 870 underSTW, Rs 1550under DTW, Rs 1258under SLs, whereas the costof using dieselis Rs 1740,Rs 3560, and Rs 3200 respectively.In the caseof diversionschemes it is Rs 704. If the IrrigationDepartment's establishment cost is included,the operatingcost increasesby anotherRs 200 per hectare. The runningcost of pump sets variesfrom Rs 4.0/hrto Rs 7.5/hrfor 5 and 10 HP motors,respectively, when usingelectric power. For the sameHPs, the cost variesfrom Rs 13.2/hrto Rs 19.8/hrwhen usingdiesel. 12. Studiesfrom Assam Agricultural University show that totalwater requirementon per hectarebasis for kharif(Sali)crops is about21 cm, earlyAhu 98 cm and Ahu 49 cm. Takinginto account the croppingintensity of 60% in Ahu, 30% in earlyAhu and 80% in Sali,annual water requirement will be 128 cm/hectare. 13. OTIWswith electricpower only havea croppingintensity of 56%,with the averagenumber of rice supplementalirrigations actually available per hectare -129-

Annex 9 Attachment2 Page 3 of 6 varyingfrom 0 to 1 comparedto the required3 to 4 in Kharif. In the Rabi season,farmers need pump water in 85X of the crop periodwhich could not be possiblewith erraticelectric power supplies.Since electricpower is not regularlyavailable, farmers who could not get the water-intime from the DTW fallowtheir land.If diesel sourceis available,then the croppingintensity will increaseto 175 % as two seasoncropping is possiblewith assuredwater supplies.

14. Crop budgetsshow farmerswith erraticirrigation supplies could get a net incomeof only Rs 1,176/hacompared to Rs 9867/haper annumby farmers with assuredirrigation supplies, particularly in the DTWs/RPS.

15. As part of the cost recoveryeffort, an amountequal to one-thirdof the total investmentfor each DTW/RPSis to be recoveredfrom the beneficiariesin 4 instalmentswhere the first instalmentis to be recoveredbefore the works start.The WUA shouldrecover the cost either in cash or kind from the beneficiarieson behalfof the Government.Labor contributionby the beneficiaryfarmers during installation will be incorporatedin the computationof cost recoveryrequirements. The WUA can keep 1 percentof the amountcollected as an incentive.In the case of defaulters,the WUA should stop providingirrigation water to defaulters.

16. Whereverpossible, the horse power (HP) of the dieselset shouldbe restrictedto 25 HP which will facilitatebuying and storingof dieselby the

WUA for regularpump operation. - 17. While rehabilitatingthe partiallyworking OTWs, verticalturbine sets to be replacedfirst, before submersible sets. Afterrehabilitation, the WUA is responsiblefor paymentof the relevantwater chargesto the ID and the ID in turn is responsiblefor performingroutine operation & maintenanceon the DTWs/RPSs. 18. Since the rehabilitatedDTWs/RPS will be scatteredacross several districts,proper monitoring of the rehabilitatedDTWs/RPS should be done by outsideexperts. Development of base linedata for the rehabilitatedas well as other DTWs/RPSsis importantand shouldbe carriedout. -130-

Annex 9 Attachment2 Page 4 of 6 Table 1: RehabilitationInvestment in Deep Tube Wells (DTIWs) District AnnualDistribution (Nos.) Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4. Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Total

Goalpara - 2 2 3 4 4 1 - 16 Dhubri - 3 4 4 5 4 2 -. 22 Kokrajhar - 1 1 2 2 2 1 - 9 Bongaigaon - 1 2 2 2 2 1 - 10 Kamrup - 2 3 4 5 4 3 - 21 Nalbari - 2 2 3 3 2 2 - 14 Barpeta - 1 2 3 3 2 1 - 12 Oarrang - 2 3 3 3 2 2 - 15 Sonitpur - 2 2 2 3 3 2 - 14 Nagaon - 3 3 6 5 4 2 - 23 Morigaon - 1 2 3 3 2 1 - 12 Jorhat - 2 4 4 5 4 2 - 21 Golaghat - 2 3 3 3 3 2 - 16 Sibsagar - 2 2 2 2 3 1 - 12 Lakhimpur - 1 2 3 4 4 3 - 17 Ohemaji - 1 2 2 3 3 1 - 12 Dibrugarh - 1 2 3 4 4 1 - 15 Tinsukia - 1 3 3 3 2 2 - 14 Hailahandi - 1 2 3 3 4 1 - 14 Karimganji - 1 2 2 2 2 2 - 11 Karbi-Ang - 1 1 2 1 1 1 - 7 NC Hills - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Cachar - 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 7 Total - 35 51 64 71 63 36 - 320 -131-

Annex 9 Attachment2 Page 5 of 6 Table 2: RehabilitationInvestment in River PumpingSchemes(RPSs)

District AnnualDistribution (Nos.)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6* Y7 Y8 Total

Goalpara - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Dhubri - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Kokrajhar - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Bongaigaon - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Kamrup - 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 9 Nalbari - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Barpeta - 1 1 1 1 1 I - 6 Darrang - - 1 1 1 - - - 3 Sonitpur - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 3 Nagaon - 2 3 3 2 1 1 - 12 Morigaon - 1 3 3 2 .2 1 - 12 Jorhat - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Golaghat - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Sibsagar - 2 2 3 3 1 1 - 12 Lakhimpur - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 3 Dhemaji - 1 1 2 1 1 - - 6 Dibrugarh - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Tinsukia - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 3 Hailahandi - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Karimganji - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 Karbi-Ang - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 6 NC Hills - 1 - I - 1 - - 3 Cachar - 1 3 3 2 2 1 - 12

Total - 24 27 33 25 24 17 - 150 -13 2-

s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Annex9 Attachment2

Table3: ScoringMethod Nameof the location: Factor Max.Points …------1. Locationwith respect to transportfacilities: (close) 5 (away) 2 2. Locationof fieldwith respect to otherOTWs/RPSs: (close) 1 (away) 5 3. Averageelectricity availability(hrs/day): (>6) 1 (3-5) 3 (<3) 5 - 4. Age of DTWs/RPSs(years): (>10) 5 (7-10) 3 (<7) 1 5. Cropping(irrigation) intensity in the location: (>100%) 5 (50-100%) 4 (<50%) 1 - 6. FMC or anyother farmer organization: (present) 5 (absent) 2 7. FMC'soverdue with commercial banks/coop.societies: (more) 2 (less) 3 (no) 5 8. Numberof DTWs/RPSsin the area(Nos./village): (more) 2 (less) 5 9. Whetherany ongoing DTW/RPS program in thearea: (yes) 1 (no) 5 10.Whether NGO present in the locality: (yes) 5 (no) 3 11.Average performance of the DTWs/RPSsin the location: (>70%) 5 (50-70%) 3 (<50%) 1 -1 33-

-Annex9 Attachmnt 3 Page lof I INDIA

- ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

IRRIGATIONDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION HandingOver Proceduresfor RehabilitatedDTWs/RPSs to Water User Associations

1. DTWs/RPSswill be rehabilitatedafter ascertainingthat the beneficiarieswill assumefull responsibilityfor managingand maintainingthe rehabilitatedunits. The servicesof the NGOs shouldbe used to assessthe willingnessof beneficiariesto form WUAs that are willingto take over the units. The rehabilitatedunits will then be handedover to the WUAs for an initialperiod of 10 years of operationand management. ID has alreadyshown the willingnessfor the handover. GovernmentOrder is to be issuedto facilitatethe handover. 2. A MOU would be signedbetween the WUA and the ID incorporatingthe procedures,conditions and followups on the handoverof the DTW/RPSto the WUA. NGO participationis recommendedfor sustainabilityof the investmentin the long-run. Once a suitableNGO in each districtis identified,then the NGO shouldcoordinate between the ID and the WUA so that the WUA will be fully aware of the consequencesof such a handover.

3. The MOU shouldinclude the followingWUA primarilyresponsibilities:

- maintainingaudited accounts of DTWs/RPSs,

- maintaininglinkages with NGOs and governmentdepartments,

- providingdiesel regularly for runningthe OTWs/RPSs,

- operating& maintainingthe units, - distributingwater and resolvingconflicts among members, - payingelectricity charges due to OTW operationdirectly to the Assam State ElectricityBoard (ASEB), - mobilizingits own resourcesfor repairs& maintenance throughcollection of fees from membersand other income generatingactivities.

To facilitatethe handoverprocess, legal aspects should be workedout after ponsultingthe legalexperts. I -134-

Annex9 Attachment4 Page I of 3

-ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT

IRRIGATIONDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION-

SelectionCriteria and Guidelines for Establishing - Pilot Tank IrriaationSystems

IntroductJan

1. The proposal recommends5 pilot tanikirrigation projects to 'irrigate- about 100 ha. The distributionas well as implementationschedule of the projects is given in Table l.

Gu1eliesfor Selection/Implementationof Schemes

2. Tank sites proposed under the pilot project should be cleared by the state government,and it should ascertainedthat there are no local conflictingissues involved. Since the success of the tank systems is - primarilybased on the rainfall pattern, catchmentbehavior, water spread area and command area, survey of the selected locationsshould be done and the topographicalmap depictingcadastral informationand boundariesof the tank system be prepared for each locationby the IrrigationDepartment.

3. In each location,simple reconnaissancesoil survey and land classificationshould be done so that the suitabilityof the water spread area and command area for water storageand crop growing is known. Based on this information,the suitabilityof the locationfor tank irrigationshould be assessed.

4. The rainfall data pattern in the location should be analyzed using availabletime series data for the last lO years in order to work out run-off behavior. Since the pilot projectswill be taken up after the 3rd year of the project, rain gauges should be installedin the first year of the project itself in the catchmentarea to know exactly the relationshipbetween rainfall and run-off patterns.

S. Run-off models should be developedusing either Strange'stable or using available computermodels suitable to Assam conditions. Based on this information,tank storagecapacity, size of the water spread area, number of fillings, and size of command area should be worked out.

6. Based on the duration of water supply and crop water requilrement,the size of the command area should be worked out taking into accountthe prevailingcrop pattern in the locat10n..Since the tanks are pilot in nature,- the size of the command area should be restrictedto around 20 hectaresper tank. -135-

Annex 9 Attachment4

7. One SuperintendingEngineer, two Assistant Engineers and five junior engineerswill be giventraining in tankirrigation design and construction methodalogies.Before starting the work, they should visit Irrigation Departmentsin someof the Southernstates like Andhra Pradesh or Karnatakaor TamilNadu where tank irrigationis popular. 8. A two weektraining, particularly in the firstyear of project implementation,should be givento selectedengineers by tankirrigation experts.The trainingshould focus primarily on:

- tank hydrology, - catchmenttreatment, - irrigationmethods, - conjunctiveuse of tank and well water, - farmerparticipation, - tank rehabilitation,and - overalltank management. 9. The IrrigationDepartment should maintain the tankwater spread area and sluices.Since this is on a pilotbasis, the engineersshould monitor the catchmentand tankstorage behavior periodically so thatthe designcould be improvedin otherlocations. 10. Farmersin the tankcommand area should be motivatedto forma WUA and theyshould be giventraining in tankirrigation methods. ID shouldclosely workwith the farmersfor the firsttwo years of tankirrigation. Farmers shouldbe trainedto maintainthe canalsand fieldchannels by themselves. -136-

; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Annex3 Attachmenit4 Page 3 of I Table 1: Investmentin Pilot Tank IrrigationSchemes

District AnnualDistribution (Nos.)

Yi Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Total

Goalpara ------Dhubri ------Kokrajhar ------Bongaigaon ------Kamrup - - - 1 - - - - 1 Nalbari - - Barpeta - - Darrang Sonitpur - - Nagaon - - 1 - - - - - 1 Morigaon - - - - Jorhat - Golaghat Sibsagar - - - 1 - - - - 1 Lakhimpur- - - - Dhemaji ------Dibrugarh- - - Tinsukia - - - Hailahandi - - - . Karimganji- - - Karbi-Ang - - - - 1 - - - 1 NCHills - - - Cachar - - - l - - - - 1

Total - - 1 3 1 - - - 5 ------I -137-

Annex9 AttachmentS Page I of 4

INDIA

- ASSAMRURAL INFRASTRUCTUREAND AGRICULTURALSERVICES PROJECT IRRIGATIONOESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Frameworks.Policies. Strategies and Agoroachesfor the FarmerParticigatory Program

1. The followingfactors are likelyto have a positiverelationship on the willingnessof water usersto organizethemselves and contributetowards the cost of rehabilitationand subsequentO&M: - the relativenon-reliability of electricsupply in the location,

- the potentialgains through increased paddy yield or due to secondcrop cultivation, - the presenceof a strongleadership in the projectarea, and - the presence,in the area, of a strongNGO with experiencein community organizationactivities. 2. Each DTW or RPS to be rehabilitatedshould have a registeredWUA even beforestarting the rehabilitationprocess. The WUA to be formedis soughtto be entrustedwith the functionssuch as: - equitablewater distributionand conflictresolution, - enforcementof water allocationand distributionpolicies, - paymentof electricitydues, - improvementof agriculturalproduction by adoptingmodern agronomic practices, - coordinationwith other agenciesto enablethe farmersto get essential inputslike diesel, seeds, fertilizers and manures,and loansin time, and - generationof revolvingfunds to undertakeregular operation and maintenanceworks. 3. To facilitatepeople's participation and cost-sharingby the beneficiaries,the principleof 'FirstCome FirstServed" should be made the norm for startingthe rehabilitationprocess at proposedlocations. The processof formingregistered WUAs and planningthe rehabilitationprograms shouldbe startedsimultaneously in all the locationswhere rehabilitation works are proposed.Farmers who are firstto completethe formalitiesof forminga registeredWUA will be takenup firstduring implementation, and the rest in that order. -138-

Annex9 AttachmentS Paae 2 of 4 4. A selectnumber of NGOs will be engagedfor assistingthe beneficiaries to organizethemselves as WUAs. A planningworkshop with Irrigation Departmentofficials and NGOs representing-differentregions in the state shouldbe organizedbefore implementation. The main objectivesof the workshopshould be to:

- finalizea simpleparticipatory planning methodology; - draft proformaMemoranda of Understanding(MOU) to be signedbetween WUA and ID; - finalizethe criteria,modalities and normsfor NGO participationin the rehabilitationprogram; - finalizecost sharingmodalities which will includeone thirdof the - totalcosts by beneficiaries,at leasta quarterof which shouldbe in paid in cash beforethe projectimplementation begins and the reminder in cash or kind afterthe schemeis implemented; - work out the O&M responsibilitiesof the WUA and the mannerin which it proposesto meet them, includingthe proposalfor financialmobilization for the same; - work out the responsibilitiesof ID duringproject implementation and afterthe rehabilitationhas been completed. 5. The NGO'sfunction should also includeproviding assistance, for a specifiedperiod, in mobilizingbeneficiary contribution towards installation costsas well as O&M. While selectingthese NGOs weightshould be givento the followingfactors:

- legalstatus, - periodof activepresence in the area, - existinginfrastructure, - experiencein communityorganization activities, - experiencein workingclosely with the government, - acceptabilityby the beneficiarygroup, and - financialrequirement of the NGOs. 6. Prior to invitingproposals from NGOs for participationin project activities,the AgriculturalCommissioner should set up the financialnorms for facilitatingNGO participation.This shouldbe basedon actual requirementsin termsof laborneeds, cost of extensionactivities and travel and administrativecosts which would be necessaryfor the designated functions.The conceptof a full time staffpresence in the projectareas shouldbe discouragedas it would tend to suppressthe initiativeof the WUA leaders. 7. There shouldbe a SteeringCommittee at the state levelto monitorthe progressof work with the AgriculturalCommissioner as the chairpersonand the IrrigationSecretary as the convener.Members should include the Chief Engineer(MI),consultants and NGO representatives. 8. The shouldbe a set of monitorableindicators to be used during implementationto assesstechnical, economic and socialprogress. Primarily -139-

Annex 9 Attachment . Page 3 of 4 these indicatorsshould include:

--physicaltargets and achievements, - financialtargets and achievements, - levelof farmercontribution, - levelof farmerpayment towards electricity consumption, - strengthof WUA(interms of number,capital & meetings), - strengthof NGO(interms of numberand work load), - levelof WUA and ID coordination, - changein crop productionpractices, and - other infrastructuredevelopment/programs in the village. 9. A trainingprogram to the farmersshould be conducted.The beneficiaries of the rehabilitatedschemes must be trainedso as to operateand managethe schemesand meet the runningcosts. As the WUAs would be registeredunder the SocietiesAct, proper trainingin accountingand other technicalaspects shouldbe given. 10. The WUA accountsare formaland open to audit.Proper accounting is a must for the successfulfunctioning of a WUA. A week'sspecial training in accountingprocedures/book keeping and water distributionmethods shall be arrangedfor officebearers of each WUA prior to rehabilitationby the ID each year. 11. Further,a generaltraining camp to be organizedon the projectsite by the ID about the schemeoperation and crop productionusing trainingaids like posters,slides and television.Further, selected pump operatorsof the WUA would be offereda 2 day specialtraining about pump repairand maintenanceby the mechanicalwing of the ID.

12. The syllabifor WUA trainingshould include: - historyof farmerparticipation, - participatoryapproach, - benefitsdue to farmerparticipation, - legaland administrativecontrol of the WUA, - relationshipand responsibilitiesbetween ID and WUA, - elementarymanagement techniques, - latestcrop production/irrigationtechniques, - water savingmethods, - pump efficiencies, - on-farmdevelopment activities, - OE& of the project, - cost recovery,and - marketingof produce.

NGOs like Technologyand Environment(ACTSE)or RashtriyaGrameen Vikas Nidhi (RGVN)could assist in organizingtraining and workshops. -140-

; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Annex9 Attachment5 - ~~~~Page4 of 4 PolicyMatrix:

Measure Action Implementing Agency New Investment:STWs

FMC Make them a registeredassociation AgricultureDept. Cost recovery MOU signed betweenFMC and Agrl. Dept for AgricultureDept. one-thirdof the investmentcost

Rehabilitation:DTWs/RPS WUA Organizefarmers & help them form a NGOs & registeredassociation IrrigationDept.

Cost recovery Invokethe Irrigation IrrigationDept. Act of 1992 MOU betweenIrrigation Dept. & WUA for one-third of investmentcost

Transferof GovernmentOrder; IrrigationDept. ownership MOU signedbetween & NGOs IrrigationDept. & WUA -141-

An1nex0.

INDIA ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT JOB DESCRIPTION FOR WOMEN'S DEVELOPMENT OFFICER

Oualification:

Higher degree in social sciences. Additional training in gender issues, gender awareness training and training methods.

EXDerience:

At least five years experience working in rural areas, in the establishment of income-generating activities for women.

The successful candidate must be committed to the advancement of women, and should possess a dynamic, pleasant personality, and has a proven record of being able to work successfully with both male and male farmers as well as with all ranks of government officials and non-government organizations workers. The successful candidate should be familiar with official Government programs intended to advance the economic status of women, as well as with the main NGOs working in this field in India.

The successful applicant should be experienced in running gender awareness workshops for Government and Non-Government organization staff, and for beneficiary groups.

The successful applicant should also be perceptive in assessing women's. situations and need, and innovative in finding appropriate solutions to meeting those need. Ability to speak Assamese would be an added advantage. I -142-

Annex 11

INDIA ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT Economic and Financial Analyses

1. Overview. The project would adopt a holistic approach to development through investments in irrigation infrastructure to enable greater returns in agricultural activities, rural roads to foster commerce and mobility, -_ horticulture to increase returns from marginal land, livestock to increase its productivity, and fisheries to increase the annual catch. Specifically, irrigation on about 49,000 ha of land would be enabled/upgraded; about 1,400 km of rural roads and 282 bridges would be constructed or upgraded; some 960,000 indigenous animals would be artificially inseminated annually, and about 6,000 ha of water would be developed for fisheries.

2. Financial Analysis. Table 23 shows the land holding pattern in the state of Assam. Holdings tend to be small with almost 60% of the farmers owning less than one ha of land; about 83% of the farmers in Assam till less than 2 ha. Tables 19-21 summarize the projected impact of the project on these farmers and their families. Without the project, these farmers would continue to produce principally kharif crops dominated by paddy at relatively low yields. With the project, irrigation and road infrastructure would facilitate greater cropping intensity and yields with diversification into higher value crops like peas, mustard, as well as a variety of summer and winter vegetables. Three farm models have been developed (0.4, 0.8 and 1.5 ha). The smallest farmers would increase net family incomes by about 72% (Rs 4,000 to 6,880); medium-sized farmers would achieve increases of about 8S% (Rs 6,780 to 12,155); and larger growers would derive net family income increases of about 83% (Rs 12,366 to 22,605) with the project. It is anticipated that such income growth would be achieved over an eight-year period from access to' improved irrigation water. Through project activities, about 2.25 million additional mandays of agricultural labor would be created annually, 75t of which would be in irrigated crops. In addition, the multiplier effect of the project is expected to be considerable as the general economy of the area improves, thereby generating additional, though unquantifiable, unemployment opportunities and benefits. Incremental production generated with the project as well as incremental employment is summarized in Table 22. The project would also enable farmers operating 0.25 ha fish ponds to obtain a net return of Rs. 4,500 per annum (Table 28), whereas a 2 ha community fish pond would' net its operators at least Rs. 36,000 per annum, and a 100 ha beel, Rs. 398,000 per annum (Table 30). The cross-breeding program would enable a farmer with only one cross-bred cow to obtain a net income of Rs. 5,400 as opposed to Rs. 1050 for an indigenous cow (Table 31).

3. Economic Analysis. The economic life of the project was assumed to be 30 years in view of the longer-term nature of project investments. The economic analysis of the project was done in constant end 1994 prices using August 1994 world market commodity price projections. This analysis examined five types of project investments--irrigation, rural roads, livestock, fisheries, and horticulture. No evaluation was done for the research and extension activities because of the difficulties in quantifying the associated -143-

benefits. Similarly no separate analysis was done for the land consolidation activity because of its pilot nature and small size; however, the economic analysis of with-project crop activities captured the increased value of improved seed, reflecting higher quality and higher processing and storage costs.- Economic costs were derived from the project's detailed cost tables (Annex 5, Tables 1-5), excluding taxes and duties and price contingencies. Costs of overall project implementationadministration were apportionedto the five investment activities analyzed based on each's contributionto base costs. All local costs and non-tradeables (constant 1994 market prices for milk, fish and fruits and vegetables)were converted to boarder prices by using a standard conversion factor of 0.9. Vehicles and machinery were assumed replaced every five years. As regards tradeable commodities, import parity prices have been calculated on the assumptions that foodgrain production would continue to stagnate and that India will be a marginal importer of both grains and fertilizers. Financial and economic prices used in project analyses are given in Tables 25 and 26. The economic cash flows for the five analyzed investmentsand for the total project are given in Table

4. Benefits of the irrigation componentof the project would be derived from increased cropping intensity, higher yields, and a switch to higher value commodities,particularly vegetables, made marketable through a revamped rural road infrastructure. Full production would be achieved in Year 12 of the project, reflecting both the constructionof project works (eight years) and the gradual build-up rate of incrementalyields and intensity (four years). Estimates of incrementalcrop benefits and costs from irrigationwere made based on with and without project croppingpatterns for irrigationin Tables 19-21, and individual crop budgets given in Tables 1-18. The irrigation component is expected to yield an economic rate of return (ERR) of about S7%.

5. Project roads are expected to invigoratesignificantly the economy of the project area by enabling access to agricultural inputs and marketing of outputs, increased access to health facilities, administrative services, education and off-farm employment,as well as a general opening up of the area. Economic analyses of roads have generally assumed a number of indicators to value benefits, includingsavings in costs of operation of vehicles as a result of saved travel time. Table 27 sets out the three benefits quantified for the analysis. As presented therein, a traffic pattern has been estimated for a typical project road and from this, operating cost savings, increased productive labor and increased productive use of vehlicles were calculated. Each of these benefits were estimated on an annual per km basis and expanded using the projected implementationschedule for road construction. To accommodate likely increase in area traffic as the project is implementedand the area economy is stimulated, traffic was assumed to rise by St p.a. over ten years after constructionof a given road. Because project roads would benefit sectors other than agriculture (e.g.,health, education, public administration),only 50% of economic capital and recurrent road costs were included in the economic analysis. 8ased on these calculations,the component'sERR was calculated at 33%. All other road benefits were considered to be non-quantifiable. -144-

6. Under the livestock component, crossing of indigenous cattle with exotic semen will increase production and reproduction potential of the herd, resulting in increased milk and meat production. Incremental milk production is expected to begin in the fifth year of the project, and stabilize in the thirteenth year (Table 32). The ERR of this component is estimated at 21t.

7. Improved fisheries management, and regular stocking of farmers, ponds, community ponds, and beels will increase fish production to 2,000-3,000 kg of fish/ha/year in farmers' and community ponds, and 300 kg/ha/year in beels. A combined total water surface of 6,000 ha will be brought under fish production, yielding 3,000 tons per year. Based on benefits and costs for fish rearing in Tables 28-30, the fisheries component is expected to yield an ERR of 22%.

8. Increased horticulture production would improve farmers' nutrition in addition to enhancing their disposal income. Estimates of incremental crop benefits were based on crop budgets in Tables 8-18. Due to the eight year phasing of investments, and the differing maturity of horticultural crops, ranging from one to eight years, full production is expected around the sixteenth year of the project. The component's ERR was estimated at 66%.

9. The economic analysis for the entire project required an aggregation of the cost and benefit streams for the five components discussed above. This process yielded a weighted average ERR for the total project of 24% and an aggregate NPV of Rs 2,423 million (US$ 78 million).

10. Sensitivity Analysis. Switching values were calculated on the total project cost and benefit streams. According to this analysis, benefits would need to drop by 50% or costs increase by 110% to reduce the ERR to the Opportunity Cost of Capital of 12% (or the NPW to 0). Both of these scenarios are considered highly unlikely. Arbitrary increases in costs and decreases in benefits were also done as follows to test the sensitivity of the base ERR and NPW:

ERR NPV (Rs. M) Base Case 24% 2,423 Benefits down 10% 22t 1,946 Benefits down 15% 21t 1,707 Costs up 10% 22% 2,188 Benefits lagged 2 years 18t 1,381 Benefits down 10 and Costs up 10% 20% 1,711

These results suggest that the project's ERR is relatively robust when subjected to serious benefit shortfalls and cost escalation. The conservative nature of benefit estimations and delay-avoidance measures built into the project's design reinforce confidence in results (para 10).

11. Risks. Despite the relatively weak management of government departments in Assam, the project includes a number of innovations to increase chances of -145-

project success. The project has been designed to minimize government involvement. User groups would be involved actively in project planning, implementation,evaluation and importantly,ownership and maintenanceof project facilities. This is expected to instill a sense of beneficiary responsibilityin the decision-makingand asset-upkeepprocesses. Budget clearance procedures and expenditureauthorizations have been streamlined to avoid delays. Incrementalyields and build-up have been relatively conservativelyestimated; and, as discussed above, only quantifiablebenefits have been included, suggesting that actual net returns to project investments. would be higher than estimated. Annex11 - Table1 INDIA AsumnRural Infrastructure and Agicluru Seve Project WinterRice Crop Budget WUdhIrdoatbon Wthout Trioaton Unit Unlt Ibms Unila Quantity Cost(Rs) Value Ouantity Cost(Rs) Value

Seed Kg 45.0 6.30 283.50 60.0 3.30 198.00 Fetizer Nilrogen(Urea) Kg 75.0 2.76 207.00 30.0 2.76 82.80 Phosphom(DAP) Kg 45.0 7.46 335.70 20.0 7.46 149.20 Potassknm(MOP) Kg 30.0 5.02 150.60 10.0 5.02 50.20 FarmYard Manure Ton 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 5.0 100.00 500.00 Pesdes Ls 560.00 100.00 Ipigon Ls 525.00 0.00 BullockPair Days 24 40.00 90.00 24.0 40.00 960.00 Sub-Totl. 4,021.80 2,040.20 HumanLabor LandPrepPlnUtng WorkDays 55 35.00 1,925.00 45 35.00 1,575.00 WeedIn/Plt PuPn/Irrgtn WorkDays 19 35.00 665.00 15 35.00 525.00 Haavesling/Precessnsg#Marketing WorkDays 15 35.00 525.00 12 35.00 420.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 3,115.00 2,520.00 Tota InputCost 7,136.80 4,560.20

OUTPUT Paddy Tons/Ha 4.0. 3,300.00 13,200.00 2.5 3,300.00 8,250.00 Staw Tons/Ha 4.0 200.00 800.00 3.0 . 200.00 600.00 TotalReven Rs/Ha 14,000.00 8,850.00

Not IncomneBeore Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha - - 9,978.20 - --- 6,809.80 Net Ine After Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha - 6,863.20 - 4,289.80

! .

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex11 Table2 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculturalServices Project SummerRice CropBudget

With Irrigation(Transplanted) WithoutIrrigation (Broadcast) Unit Unit Items Units Ouantity Cost(Rs) Value Quantity Cost(Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 45.0 6.30 283.50 75.0 3.30 247.50 Fertilizer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 75.0 2.76 207.00 30.0 2.76 82.80 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 45.0 7.46 335.70 20.0 7.46 149.20 Polassium(MOP) Kg 30.0 5.02 150.60 20.0 5.02 100.40 FarmYard Manure Ton 10.0 100.00 1.000.00 5.0 100.00 500.00 Pesticides Ls 560.00 100.00 Irrigation Ls 900.00 0.00 BullockPairs Days 24 40.00 960.00 24.0 40.00 960.00 Sub-Total 4,396.80 2,139.90 HumanLabor Land Prep/Planting WorkDays 55 35.00 1,925.00 40 35.00 1,400.00 Weeding/PitPrtnMrgtn Work Days 19 35.00 665.00 15 35.00 525.00 Harvesting/Precessing/Marketing WorkDays 15 35.00 525.00 12 35.00 420.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 3,115.00 2,345.00 TotalInput Cost 7,511.80 4,484.90 OUTPUT Paddy Tons/Ha 4.2 3,300.00 13,860.00 2.1 3,300.00 6,930.00 Straw Tons/Ha 4.0 200.00 800.00 3.0 200.00 600.00 Total Revenue Rs/Ha 14,660.00 7,530.00

Net Income Before Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha --- -- 10,263.20 ------5,390.10 Net IncomeAfter Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha --- -- 7,148.20 --- 3,045.10

. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table 3 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project Black Gram Crop Budget

With Irrigation Without Irrigation Unit Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Quantity Cost (Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 27.0 21.50 580.50 30.0 12.20 366.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 0.0 2.76 0.00 0.0 2.76 0.00 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 75.0 7.46 559.50 30.0 7.46 223.80 Potassium(MOP) Kg 0.0 5.02 0.00 0.0 5.02 0.00 Farm Yard Manure Ton 4.0 100.00 400.00 1.0 100.00 100.00 Pesikides Ls 560.00 200.00 Irrigation LS 300.00 0.00 1 Bullock Pair* Days .18 40.00 720.00 18 40.00 720.00 Sub-Total 3,120.00 1,243.80 Human Labor LtandPrep/Planting Work Days 30 35.00 1,050.00 30 35.00 1,050.00 Weeding/Pit PrtnIrrgin Work Days 15 35.00 525.00 13 35.00 455.00 Harvesting/Precessing/Marketing Work Days 30 35.00 1,050.00 25 35.00 875.00 Sub-Total Labor Cost 2,625.00 2,380.00 Total Input Cost 5,745.00 3,623.80 OUTPUT Gram Tons/Ha 0.8 12,200.00 9,760.00 0.5 12,200.00 6,100.00 StoverasManure Tons/Ha 1.0 100.00 100.00 1.0 100.00 100.00 Total Revenue RslHa 9,860.00 6,200.00

Net IncomeBelore Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha --- 6,740.00 ------4,956.20 Net IncomeAfter Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha -.- 4,115.00 --- 2,576.20 Annex 11 Table 4 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand Agricultural Services Project Potato Crop Budget

With Irrigation Without Irrigation Unit Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Quantity Cost (Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 2,300.0 6.50 14,950.00 2,300.0 4.50 10,350.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 95.0 2.76 262.20 55.0 2.76 151.80 Phosphonus(DAP) Kg 110.0 7.46 820.60 60.0 7.46 447.60 Potassium (MOP) Kg 90.0 5.02 451.80 50.0 5.02 251.00 Farm Yard Manure Ton 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 5.0 100.00 500.00 Pesticides Ls 940.00 350.00 Irrigation Ls 525.00 0.00 Bullock Pairs Days 20 40.00 800.00 20 40.00 800.00 Sub-Total 19,749.60 12,850.40 Human Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 40 35.00 1,400.00 40 35.00 1,400.00 Weeding/Pit Prtn/Irrgtn Work Days 30 35.00 1,050.00 26 35.00 910.00 Harvesting/Processing/Marketing Work Days 15 35.00 525.00 13 35.00 455.00 Sub-Total Labor Cost 2,975.00 2,765.00 Total Input Cost 22,724.60 15,615.40 OUTPUT Potato Tons/Ha 15.0 2,200.00 33,000.00 10.0 2,200.00 22,000.00

Net Income Before Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha ------13,250.40 ------9,149.60 Net Income After Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha ------10,275.40 ------6,384.60 Annex 11 Table 5 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand Agricultural Serices Project Jute Crop Budget

With Irrigation Without Irrigation Unit Unit Hems Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Quantity Cost (Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 8.0 24.00 192.00 8.0 24.00 192.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 45.0 2.76 124.20 25.0 2.76 69.00 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 53.0 7.48 395.38 20.0 7.46 149.20 Potassium(MOP) Kg 45.0 5.02 225.90 20.0 5.02 100.40 Farm Yard Manure Ton 1.0 100.00 100.00 0.5 100.00 50.00 Pestiddes Ls 0.00 0.00 Irrgation Ls 280.00 0.00 Bullock Pairs Days 15 40.00 600.00 15 40.00 600.00 Sub-Total 1,917.48 1,160.60 HumfanLabor Land Prep/Pbnting Work Days 30 35.00 1,050.00 30 35.00 1,050.00 WeedlngPlt Prtrrgtn Work Days 30 35.00 1,050.00 28 35.00 910.00 HavestfingProcessing4Marketing Work Days 25 35.00 875.00 21 35.00 735.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 2,975.00 2,695.00 Total Input Cost 4,892.48 3,855.60 OUTPUT Jute Tons/Ha 2.5 6,500.00 16,250.00 2.0 6,500.00 13,000.00

Net IncomeBe Faff. Labor Charges RslHa --. 14,332.52 ------11,839.40 Ndt ico AfwerFam. Labor Charges Rsfia --- -- 11,357.52 -- --- 9,144.40

I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I Annex 11 Table 6 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project MustardCrop Budget

With Irrigation Without Irrigation Unit Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Quantity Cost (Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 10.0 15.00 150.00 10.0 15.00 150.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 60.0 2.76 165.60 25.0 2.76 69.00 Phosphonis (DAP) Kg 75.0 7.46 559.50 25.0 7.46 186.50 Potassium (MOP) Kg 23.0 5.02 115.46 10.0 5.02 50.20 Farm Yard Manure Ton 2.0 100.00 200.00 1.0 100.00 100.00 Pesticides Ls 560.00 340.00 Irrigation Ls 300.00 0.00 Bullock Pairs Days 15 40.00 600.00 15 40.00 600.00 Sub-Total 2;650.56 1,495.70 Human Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 35 35.00 1,225.00 35 35.00 1,225.00 Weeding/Ph PrtnArrgtn Work Days 21 35.00 735.00 16 35.00 560.00 Harvesting/Processing/Marketing Work Days 24 35.00 840.00 18 35.00 630.00 Sub-Total Labor Cost 2,800.00 2,415.00 Tota Input Cost 5,450.56 3,910.70 OUTPUT MustardSeed Tons/Ha 0.8 10,000.00 8,000.00 0.5 10,000.00 5,000.00

Net Income Before Fam. Labor Charges Rs/Ha ------5,349.44 ------3,504.30

Nt IncomeAfter Fam. Labor Charges Rs/la -- - 2,549.44 - - 1,089.30 Annex 11 Table 7 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project Peas Crop Budget

With Irrigation Without Irrigation Unit Unit Items Unils Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Quantity Cost (Rs) Value INPUTS Seed Kg 65.0 18.00 1,170.00 65.0 12.00 780.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 0.0 2.76 0.00 0.0 2.76 0.00 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 60.0 7.46 447.60 25.0 7.46 186.50 Potassium (MOP) Kg 0.0 5.02 0.00 0.0 5.02 0.00 Farm Yard Manure Ton 1.0 100.00 100.00 0.0 100.00 0.00 Pesticides Ls 560.00 150.00 Irrigation Ls 300.00 0.00 Bullock Pairs Days 15 40.00 600.00 15 40.00 600.00 Sub-Total 3,177.60 1,716.50 Human Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 35 35.00 1,225.00 35 35.00 1,225.00 Weeding/Plt PrtnMrrgin Work Days 19 35.00 665.00 16 35.00 560.00 Harvesting/Processing/MarketinWork Days 20 35.00 700.00 18 35.00 630.00 Sub-Total Labor Cost 2,590.00 2,415.00 Total Production Cost 5,767.60 4,131 50 OUTPUT Soyabean Tons/Ha 1.5 12,000.00 18,000.00 1.0 12,000.00 12,000.00

Net Income Before Fam. Labor Cl Rs/Ha ------14,822.40 ------10,283.50 Net Income After Fam. Labor Cha Rs/Ha --- 12,232.40 ------7,868.50 bdvahaI I

AIMI Ih,eaib*haMX&n W4 D9ISNL Sw.?gmP.p

Yr. I W4 VI 3 Yr-4 J94 W41 Ya.? V.4 vrl 'fr-i Yr.3 Yr4 Yr-S 'ff4 Yr.? yr.$

sIIeg." No i.322 ..-. . .. -- ... - 3 00 3.96600 - -...... aoP..isSmdI Kg as * 23 - 20 * I - 2210AI 13150 -. 49450 - 43000 36100 IUI room saw Kg - 2.000 - I.600 - 1.800 1.100 660 - 13.000 00 - I .10000 - 10.40000 -. 10.40000

- 0g M(U-I) go 100 140.0 242.0 24.0 1420 2420 2420 2420 2 78 19320 39640 68792 667192. 687092 667092 66192 667.02 PhumphMajsAMI Kg 41.0 130 110.0 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 7 46 3053 6 11.72 WC060 62060 13060 13060 13060 62050 PuankmpI0I Kg 10W0 2130 307.0 307.0 30708 3070 2070 3070 6.02 147.16 i 06436 1.54114 114114 1.141.14 11541.14 1.54114 1.54114 PaemYidmows TOM II0 13 0 20 0 200 200 200 200 200 1000 80000 1.30000 2.00000 2,00000 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000) 2.00000 PmosEd LI .- - - ...... - - 37500 000 000 000 000 000 000 0 00 bI6inl Lo ...... 45000 41000 45000 45000 45000 45000 450001 4.000 UsiOrk LIOW Pad DO.1 Is ----- . 4000 60000 ------... ftb*JIII kiPA COI -7,574 74 16.642.40 6.97416 17.17966 5.90966A 15.67966 5.18666 15.87966 Lama LS _d W ADIDa 445------*-- 35-- 1-5- 00- - W1 "g WKao 25 2* 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 1500 500-. 81500 650 81500 1500) a7500 6 .500 inglAmig" KOAD…… - - lito - … 144 -a 20 50 - - - - - 49000 56000 10000 A liLar_ bm) le 6 KgWoOD1 320 20 23020 30 20 20 20 3500 700 700 ?70 700 700 700 700 700 Sub-gTog Lu CoIl sm 3.150.00) 1.515.0 1.575.00 1.575.00 1.57500 2065.00 2.13500 2.27500 TOW PKago Is C 20t 30It754 7O724.74 1417 48 7049016 7.4546468 17.9414 6.00166 16.154 66 OUTPUT

Amc&%A,Iau F *s- 0 - - 20- 212.00 23.000 254.400 020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 00 53.00000 59.50000 66.I0000 t _Pi Tm,1H 0*5 - 0.7 - 06 - 0. .- -2.00 9.760* .- 6,540o0 .- 7o3200 - 6.100o0 IPIS0.1 Too". - 13 - II . .- a 2.2000 - 26.600 .- 242000 .- 19.8000 - 17.6 00 Toga P...... 9.750 00 26.GC0 614000 240.00 7.3000 12*0000 65.66000 8370000 ki udtudinLmC8sgn .. .7.80 2853 11.7575 2.566a 7.003 1.4103 56.9203 S9.733 3 3 AO.UAMLaw CIIUp m 95947 10.1 2 89906 5.445 3 s164. 54.65 3 57.5s 63 65.54S3

I_ltt _ WokDV *5 - -- - * - -- *- ~ 35oo I 57s o * * - * Annex 11 Table 9 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project BananaCrop Budget

Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value

INPUTS

Seedlings Seedlings 3,000 4.00 12,000.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen (Urea) Kg 651.0 2.76 1,796.76 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 210.0 7.46 1,566.60 Potassium (MOP) Kg 1,689.0 5.02 8,478.78 Farm Yard Manure Ton 37.0 100.00 3,700.00 Pestcides Ls 450.00 Irrgation Ls 350.00 Bullock Labor Pair Days 7.5 40.00 300.00 Sub-TotalInput Cost 28,642.14 Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 45 35.00 1,575.00 Weeding Work Days 25 35.00 875.00 Harvesting/Precessing/Marketing Work Days 20 35.00 700.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 3,150.00 Total Production Cost 31,792.14 OUTPUT

Banana Tons/Ha 18.0 2,500.00 45,000.00

Income Before LaborCharges Rs/Ha 16,357.86 Income After Labor Charges Rs/Ha 13,207.86 Annex 11 Table 10 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructureand AgrirculuralServices Project BlackPepper Crop Budget

Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Yr-1 Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-4 Yr-I Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-4 INPUTS

Cuttings No. 1.100 ------4.00 4,400.00 ------... Fertilizer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 26.0 52.0 78.0 103.0 2.76 71.76 143.52 215.28 284.28 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 93.0 187.0 281.0 375.0 7.46 693.78 1,395.02 2,096.26 2,797.50 Potassium(MOP) Kg 28.0 56.0 84.0 112.0 5.02 140.56 281.12 421.68 562.24 Farm Yard Manure Ton 2.5 5.0 7.5 7.5 100.00 250.00 500.00 750.00 750.00 Pestcides Ls ------450.00 450.00 450.00 450 00 Irrigation Ls --- ...... 350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 Bulock Labor Pair Days 7.5 ------40.00 300.00 Sub-TotalInput Cost 6,656.10 3,119.66 4,283.22 5,194.02 Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 45 --- .. ---. 35.00 1,575.00 ------Weeding Work Days 28 28 28 28 35.00 980.00 980.00 980.00 980.00 Harvesting/Precessing/Marketing Work Days ------16 32 35.00 ... 560.00 1,120.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 2,555.00 980.00 1,540.00 2,100.00 TotalProduction Cost 9,211.10 4,099.66 5,823.22 7,294.02 OUTPUT

Black Pepper Tons/Ha ------1.5 1.7 5,000.00 0.0 0.0 7,500.00 8,500.00

Income BeloreLabor Charges Rs/Ha ------6,656.10 -3,119.66 3,216.78 3,305.98 IncomeAlterLaborCharges Rs/Ha -.. ------9,211.10 -4,099.66 1,676.78 1,205.98 I__III

__ __Y1,. Y1,Y4 'fOF Y V 7 Yr4 v.3 vj* Y.-3 Y.4 _,L V#4 Y? Vig

des No IN ...... -. 4500 6.10000 - ...... hisa P .k%*Be" Ks a _ 23 20 I s uire 637e0 494SO - 43J500 3610-- VA=" PNband Kg z0 mom 3.400 -Kea Boo - 13ooo0o - 10l40D0os_.10_ao - ,o.4m.om - Umy" iSO Kg 410 o0 1240 H so 50 I0so ISO 16.0 276 11316 22500 34224 4s40 455*40 45640 455.40 455.0 P _-po AP Kg 530 7 0 331.0 2S5 37150 3750 2750 37S0 146 60116 3.20602 2.09626 2.795s0 2.17.50 2.79750 2.79750 2.79750 Pr _nEmPA Kge 0 56.0 54.0 3120 1120 1120 3320 3320 502a 1405 2032 .4216A 22G4 6024 16224 56224 56224 rooYms VNMa Ton 2 s 5 0 7 5 7 S 7 5 7 7I5 7 s 0000 25000 50000 75o00 75000 1o000 75000 75000 75000 p . L ------.- - 4SQoo 000 000 000 000 0oo 000 000 _Uin3 Ls - ...... -*... 35000 3O0 3500 3500 3000 35000 35000 35000 iu*LOWu PmmOs is -. * - 4000 0000 -. - Sb*Tald 64 Cog 11.23500 35.75522 4.45460 I6S.354 5.34514 3531514 5.004 L*u 35.31514 LumdPmpluei Wai 45aO- - - 3500 3*7500 - -- Wuu*,g w.& 2as as aS 25 25 25 25 25 206 675co 1oo50 51500 07500 Is700 67500 67500 67500 I_ - - - …6 - - 14 i 0 3500 - - - - - 45000 90000 7o0oo _M"Lwmis_ s Ds. 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3200 700 700 70o 700 700 700 700 700 0.*TedaL Cd 312.5000 5.575 1.575075 3.575,00 I S7500 2.0600 2.t35 00 2.275 0 TON Pme' Cog 1.306 00 1723022 6.029UG 3.40314 6.2 14 17.36014 7.43714 37.59004

_ S F 12.4003| 32.000 14.0 0 20 00 00oo.0X000 32.5M0 35.001 hau.AM* Tmet4m 0.6 - 7 - 06 - Os - 2.03O b"u.uqpemmt 1mA*A - 3 - I I ._ 6 2.2l00 - 2.600 0 -- 24,2000 .- 3.900o .- 17. 000 Told AuieO VallO 9.74000 26Mm 5S400 24*0O.00 7,35000 400.Q003 38.60000 52.6.LOO

P33jft. -. .. --- ...... -1 3.4750 12.445 4.00t3 7.5649 91.149 34.4849 33.279 37.2849 bmmA_mLmCg _… *- __ . 4.2S0 32SOa0 2.5103 6.0059 009 32.4199 311.620 35.0009

31FiSi pS3wa auS os.

U rS_Fo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table12 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructure and Agricultudal Services Pr*ct GingerCrop Budget Unil tems Units Qu Cost(Rs) Value

INPUTS

Rhizomes Kg 1.500 3.00 4.500.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 10.0 2.76 27.60 Phosphonjs(DAP) Kg 83.0 7.46 619.18 Potassium(MOP) Kg 33.0 5.02 165.66 FarmYard Manure Ton 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 Pesticides Ls 450.00 Irrigation Ls 350.00 BullockLabor Pair Days 7.5 40.00 300.00 Sub-TotalInput Cost 7,412.44 Labor Land Prep/Planting WorkDays 45 35.00 1,575.00 Weeding WorkDays 21 35.00 735.00 Harvesting/Precesshg'Marketing WorkDays 20 35.00 700.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 3,010.00 Total ProductionCost 10,422.44 OUTPUT Giger Tons/Ha 8.0 2,000.00 16,000.00

IncomeBlore LaborChages Rs/Ha 8,587.56 Inome Ar LaborCharges RaINa 5,577.56 Asum Ped W-azwwwre andAgu3As Swvc. P7q.s Om9p CtP bd_

UMS.6506 owmm Cou (. VNU) Yu2 Ye-2 Y.-3 Yt-4 Ye-S Ye4 Ye.? YeS pwun Y2 Yn-2 YI-3 Y.-AJ -S Yr4 Yea? YJ- t>_tg. Oef me 400 ...... *- . -000 4.00000 - ...... hiIurube 6 Ks as - 23 20 * -- - a221 62760 - 49.4s0 - 4000 - 30700 -- _wraft Ka - tC000 - _- 3.6001.500 650930 - S20o0Do - 11.7Z00 - 10.400.00 - 20.40000

_p3,(Uua( Ktg tlO 00 200 2700 2600 4500 4500 a00 276 24640 24640 S4660 1.02220 99360 1.24200 1.24200 1.24200 pt.ph.4D AP Kg dal 1000 2000 2000 s000 a400 5WO s000 7446 74.00 74600 1.4000 2,231t00 2S0400 3.73000 3.73000 3.73000 PinbaMVAO( Kg 0t0 tt.0 120 2060 2800 320 202.0 2320 102 32122 231312 60264 m u ).2030 3*t06 t.IG644 ,666 64 Frm_Ymd_tUae TOR 20 20 40 60 90 200 0 0 200 20000 20000 20000 40000 60000 60ooo 9.00000 t.O0000 3.00000 Pr_ddb Ls - - - .. 45000 45000 45000 45000 45000 42000 42000 45000 WAre nS Ls * -,- 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 32000 35000 RkkLabap Po" 7 - 4000 30000 -- - I . 81.Td1112tt Cour' - 7.16322 I1S32572 4.34594 17.35629 7,33790 26.6364 8.77544 6.636964

Low _PeP. wk Da. 45 ------*-0 1.575 (O . .--0 *- - * - W"O WekDy 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3600 70000 70000 7000 70000 700 Do 700 00 700 00 700o) Iw ~ fswqtM Wok 1-_20 32 32 3600 - - - - -. 3-.2000 1.12000 1.32000 A tL abd P Week Dap 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3600 700 700 700 700 kT.dW LO Co 700 700 2,27100 70oo0 70000 70 70000 1. 2000 1,62000 1.62000 Taw I'_2mbm Coo 96.43622 I6c02572 5.04594 19.0506i 6.037 0 20.65864 10.59544 20.65864 1 OUTPUT e. Ter_mT - - - - - 30 11 12 500000 00 0 0a0 00 _ 00 S2.00000 51.0 000 60.000G00 rsmp 'o T t 00 - 7 - 0. - 05 - 12.20000 9.7600 - 6.5400 - 7.32000 - 6.100. - _tpP12N. T " - 2 - It - 9 -- 9 2X000 , - 20.6000 .- 24,200.0 - 19.90000 t1_101PIIVII Y.700.D - 1t67000 24W.oo &.6400W 24,20000 7,0.00 W 69,800.00 8.10oW0 77.60000 k adm1 " abe0m 1-i 2*a ...... 2.5919 13.274 3 4.941 66416 .179 50.9614 s2.3246 56.7614 b ALL aC Rom - - - --2 - - 26 1-2.5143 3.4941 6.1216 7179 49.1414 50.5046 56.9414

*1 Annex11 Table14 INDI AssamRural irlrastructure and Agicuiwa Series Prmoct PapayaCrop Budget

Unit Items Units Quant Cost(Rs) Value Yr-i Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-I Yr-2 Yr-3 INPUTS

Seedings io. 400 *-- 10.00 4,000.00 Fenrtizer Nitrogen(Ursa) Kg 25.0 25.0 25.0 2.76 69.00 69.00 69.00 Phosphoms(DAP) Kg 50.0 50.0 50.0 7.46 373.00 373.00 373.00 Potassium(MOP) Kg 50.0 50.0 50.0 5.02 251.00 251.00 251.00 FarmYard Manure Ton 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 Pestcides Ls --- . -.- --- 450.00 450.00 450.00 Irrigation Ls ------... --- 350.00 350.00 350.00 Bullock Labor Pair Days 7.5 - ----.- 40.00 300.00 ------Sub-TotalInput Cost 6,793.00 2,493.00 2,493.00 Labor Land Prep/Planting Work Days 45 - -- 35.00 1,575.00 ------Weeding WorkDays 12 12 12 35.00 420.00 420.00 420.00 Harvesting/Precessing/MarketlingWork Days 14 21 28 35.00 490 735 980 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 2,485.00 1,155.00 1,400.00 Total ProductionCost 9,278.00 3,648.00 3,893.00 OUTPUT

Papayafruits Ton/Ha 16.0 17.0 18.0 2500.00 40,000.0 42,500.0 45,000.0

IncomeBefore Labor Charges Rs/iHa ------33,207.0 40,007.0 42,507.0 Inoon, AftLabor Charges Rs/Ha - 30,722.0 38,852.0 41,107.0

* . 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table 15 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project PineappleCrop Budget

Unit Items Units Quantity Cost (Rs) Value Yr-i Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-4 Yr-i Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-4 INPUTS

PineappleSuckers No. 43.500 ------0.50 21,750.00 ------Fertizer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 705.0 705.0 705.0 705.0 2.76 1,945.80 1.945.80 1,945.80 1,945.80 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 1,100.0 1,100.0 1,100.0 1,100.0 7.46 8,206.00 8.206.00 8,206.00 8,206.00 Potassium(MOP) Kg 876.0 876.0 876.0 876.0 5.02 4,397.52 4,397.52 4,397.52 4,397.52 Farm Yard Manure Ton 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 Pestcides Ls ------450.00 450.00 450.00 450.00 Irrigation Ls ------350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 BuNock Labor Pair Days 7.5 ------40.00 300.00 ------a Sub-Total InputCost 38,399.32 16,349.32 16,349.32 16,349.32 C) Labor I Land Prep/Planting Work Days 50 -.------35.00 1,750.00 --- ... -- Weeding Work Days 30 30 30 30 35.00 1,050.00 1,050.00 1,050.00 1,050.00 Harvesling/Precessing/Marketing Work Days 15 15 15 35.00 0 525 525 525 Sub-Total LaborCost 2,800.00 1,575.00 1,575.00 1,575.00

Total ProductionCost 41,199.32 17,924.32 17,924.32 17,924.32

OUTPUT

Pineapples Ton/Ha 0.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 2500.00 0.0 50,000.0 50,000.0 50,000.0

Income BeforeLabor Charges Rs/a --- ... -- ... -- -38,399.3 33,650.7 33,650.7 33,650.7 IncomneAfterLaborCharges Rs/Ha --- ... ------41,199.3 32,075.7 32,075.7 32,075.7 Annex11 Table16 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculturalServices Project TurmericCrop Budget

Unit Items Units Quantity Cost(Rs) Value

INPUTS

TurmericMother Rhizomes Ton 2.5 250.00 625.00 Fertilizer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 30.0 2.76 82.80 Phosphorus(DAP) Kg 50.0 7.46 373.00 Potassium(MOP) Kg 60.0 5.02 301.20 FarmYard Manure Ton 20.0 100.00 2,000.00 Pestcides Ls ------450.00 Irrigation Ls --- 350.00 BullockLabor PairDays 7.5 40.00 300.00 Sub-TotalInput Cost 4,482.00 Labor LandPrep/Planting WorkDays 45 35.00 1,575.00 Weeding WorkDays 20 35.00 700.00 Harvesting/Precessing/MarketingWork Days 50 35.00 1,750.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 4,025.00

Total ProductionCost 8,507.00

OUTPUT

DryTurmeric Ton/Ha 1.0 25,000.00 25,000.00

Income Belore Labor Charges Rs/Ha ------20,518.00 IncomeAfter Labor Charges Rs/Ha - -- 16,493.00

;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AnreexII T"bb 17 edLA AsuumRural haulnlure andAgdulur"i Swivces Praed, WkherVegetable CQW Ebdget

Cabbage Caumower Bdrki (EawPant)

Unk 0* Cost (Rs) Vakie (Rs) 0*Y Cost (Rs) Vakie (Rs) 0hy, Cost (Rs) Vakie (Rs) tw1TS

Seed Kg 0.8 4,500.00 3.600.00 0.6 780.00 468.00 1 4,500 3,600.00 F*M Nbogen (Ure) Kg 67.0 2.76 184.92 123.0 2.76 339.48 67.0 2.8 184.92 PhoWshomusMDAP) Kg 104.0 7.46 775:84 125.0 7.48 932.50 104.0 7.5 775.84 Polbsmln (MOP) Kg 83.0 5.02 416.66 83.0 5.02 416.66 83.0 5.0 416.66 FannYardMaure Ton 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 10.0 100.00 1.000.00 10.0 100.0 1.000.00 Peseddes Ls - - -1,125.00 - 1.125.00 ------1,125.00 kulgulon Ls ... 750.00 ... --- 1,500.00 ------750.00 ebckLabor PairDays 15 40.0 600.00 15.0 40.00 600.00 15.0 40.0 600.00 Sub-ToIS" Cost 8,452.42 6,381.64 8,452.42 Labor Land pP1 ntUng WorkDays 45 35.0 1,575.00 45.0 35.00 1.575.00 45.0 35.0 1,575.00 Wefding Work Days 20 35.0 700.00 20.0 35.00 700.00 20 35 700.00 dt" 6 noihlwplces-udcain Work Days 20 35.0 700.00 20.0 35.00 700.00 20 35 700.00 Sub-Toti LAborCotc 2,975.0 2,975.00 2,975.00

ToadPdckition Cost 11,427.4 9,356.64 11,427.42 OUTPUT

Produce Ton ta 20.0 1,200.0 24,000.0 17.0 2,000.00 34,000.00 20 2.000 40,000.0 korme Bum Lab Corquwges RHa -- *- 15,547.6 - --- 27.618.36 ------31,547.6 hiconNAIrLaborCLgme RiMe - 12,572.8 - 24,643.36 -- 28,572.6

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table 18 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructureand Agricultural Services Project WinterVegetable Crop Budget

Tomato Onion Carrot Unit Unit Unit Unit Onty Cost (Rs) Value(Rs) Onty Cost (ls) Value(Rs) Qnty Cost (Rs) Value(Rs) INPUTS

Seed Kg 0.5 17,500.00 8,750.00 25.0 130.00 3.250.00 7.0 4,500o00 31,500.00 Fortikzer Nitrogen(Urea) Kg 112.0 2.76 309.12 89.0 2.76 245.64 60.0 2.76 165.60 Phosphonis(DAP) Kg 125.0 7.46 932.50 104.0 7.46 775.84 30.0 7.46 223.80 Potassium(MOP) Kg 100.0 5.02. 502.00 83.0 5.02 416.66 120.0 5.02 602.40 FammYard Manure Ton 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 10.0 100.00 1,000.00 Pestcides Ls ------1.500.00 --- ... 1,125.00 --- 1,125.00 Irrigation Ls ...... 750.00 --- ... 750.00 - 750.00 Bulock Labor Pair Days 15 40.0 600.00 15.0 40.00 600.00 15.0 40.00 600.00 Sub-TotalInput Cost 14,343.62 8.163.14 35,966.80 Labof Land Prep/Planting Work Days 70 35.0 2,450.00 45 35.00 1,575.00 45.0 35.00 1,575.00 WeodnglPlantProleclorVlrgtn Work Days 75 35.0 2,625.00 35 35.00 1,225.00 30.0 35.00 1,050.00 HarvestlnglPrecessnglMarkefting Work Days 80 35.0 2,800.00 40 35.00 1,400.00 30.0 35.00 1,050.00 Sub-TotalLabor Cost 7,875.0 4,200.00 3,675.00

TotalProduction Cost 22,218.6 12,363.14 39,641.80

OUTPUT

Produce Tons/Ha 35.0 3,000.0 105,000.0 20.0 3,000.00 60,000.00 25.0 2,500.00 62,500.00

InconeBefore Labor Charges Rs/Ha ------90,656.4 .. -- .- 51,836.86 ... --- 26,533.20 kcomwAlter Labor Charge Rs/Ha -- -- 82,781.4 -- .-- 47,636.86 ------22,858.20

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ThOM19 INDIA AssamRural Intrasiructureand AgrcullinalServices Project A 0.4 Ha FaiTnModel

Ewmaa kcome To0a AMa POduc UiPtUoniKtS) P Ru) SouuxaVaujo IRS) Pnduclon Net Faim Faniy Iaw Ffom Fani* Not ncomof Semn C>css ,lt )P fjX. P0 By4-d Pdl fr Pci BfrFt Total Coo R. n PS) (ork De") Labor(Rs) FamyMs)

WihoLutgie krio P

Khafg Wiier Rice 0.4 100 1000 1000 3.3 0.2 3,300 200 3.500 1824.06 1675.92 10 350 2,025.92

RabW Gram 0.15 37.5 75 150 12.2 0.1 915 15 930 543.6 386 10 350 736.40 Poat 0.15 37.5 1500 0 2.2 0 3,300 0 3,300 2342.31 958 8 280 1,237.69

Pre-el 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00

TOTAL 0.7 175 2575 1150 17.7 0.3 7515 215 7730 4709.99 3020.01 28 980 4,000.01

.l

KChel lYirb Rice 0.4 100 1600 1600 3.3 0.2 52;0 320 5.600 2854.72 274528 6 210 2.955.28

RaW SudnaerRime 0.2 50 800 800 3.3 0.2 2.640 160 2.800 1427.36 1372.64 6 210 1,582.64 armn 02 SO 160 200 122 0.1 1.952 20 1,972 1149 823 10 350 1,173.00

Pne4@mU Veguhee 0.15 10 2250 0 2 0 4.500 0 4,500 3332.793 1,167 0 0 1,167.21

TOTAL 0.95 210 4810 2600 20.8 0.5 14372 500 14872 8763.873 6108.127 22 770 6,878.13

ChaungeIn Net wome: 2.878.12 PAnmube Chwngeh Ne heeme: 71.95% Annex I I Tabe 20 INDIA AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculturalServices Project A 0.8 Ha Fart Model

Excs Iomekxxn Tota Ama PromClon(Kgs) UrhdProe (RsiKg) Ou4PxVa (RS) Pmduction Not Fann Farr Labor FromFwny NotInme of Eceson Ciopo fId Jc Pck EhePd Pi Ebe4t Pd Eb4* Tota Coat(Rs) Rettm (Rs) (Wk Days) Labor(Rs) Fan Ly(Rs)

Wlta SW katn Pft*d

Khail Padd 0.6 75 1500 1500 3.3 0.2 4.950 300 5,250 2736.12 2513.88 8 280 2,793.88 Pule 0.2 25 100 200 12.2 0.1 1.220 20 1,240 724.8 515 I 280 795.20

Rabi Potato 0.3 37.5 3000 0 2.2 0 6,600 0 6,600 4684.62 1.915 a 280 2.195.38 PuLh 0.2 25 100 200 12.2 0.2 1.220 20 1.240 724.0 515 8 280 795.20

Pro-Khald 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00

TOTAL 1.3 162.5 4700 1900 29.9 0.4 13990 340 14330 8870.34 5459.66 32 1120 6,579.66

Wit the kIlind Pr 'c

KhwO WinterRice 0.6 75 2400 2400 3.3 0.2 7.920 480 8.400 4282.06 4117.92 4 140 4,257.92 JJC 0.2 25 500 200 6.5 0 3250 0 3,M20 771.12 2,479 4 140 2,818.88

Rab SunmeiRce 0.4 50 1600 1600 3.3 0.2 5.280 320 5,600 2854.72 2745.28 4 140 2,885.28 Pske (Gan) 0.4 50 320 400 12.2 0.1 3,904 40 3.944 2298 1.646 4 140 1,786.00

Pr,4KhadIl Vegetables 0.06 7.5 900 0 2 0 1,800 0 1,800 1333.1172 467 4 140 606.88

TOTAL 1.66 207.5 5720 4600 27.3 0.5 22154 640 22994 11539.037 11454.963 20 700 12.154.96

ChangehIN biMM'n : ' 5,575.30 Pme tge ChangehIN bMiax.w: 85%

;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Amex II

INDIA Assam Rural Intrasinxtturx and Agdca*ural Services Protie A 1.5 Ha Fanm Moded

Emm hIn TOW sA PPC1lM Un1PiofW) Ouls VaktVuRa Pmicn NotAFm F_l Lakor Flum Fri NA hamn-sof Se _ft CQ Old IlyUf Pdl 1t Pcl 8 Pld _e Cog (Rs Palxm lb Wok Dan) Lboer R) Fomtl)f(fk)

mmwE We RFie 0.9 do 2250 225O 3.3 02 7.42S 450 7875 4104.18 3770.82 0 0 3.770A12 Jul 0.3 20 630 0 6.5 0 3.900 0 3.900 1s6AS 2.743 0 0 2.743.32 P14 0.3 20 300 300 12 0.1 3.600 30 3.630 1239.4S 2.391 0 0 2.39o.ss fbm Poao 0.3 20 3000 0 2.2 o 6.600 0 6.600 4684.62 1.915 0 0 1,915.38 G.s.l O0 40 3w 600 122 0.1 3.660 60 3.720 2174.4 1I546 0 0 1,545.60

Pu-lOwe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00

TOTAL 2.4 160 6450 3150 36.2 0.4 25185 s40 25725 13359.33 1236S.67 0 0 12.365.67

Kloe . mAR Rlc 0. 10 30o 300 3.3 02 11*A0 720 12*00 6423.12 6176.8 0 0 6,176.18 Ju 03 20 750 0 6.5 0 475 o 4*75 1ls.63 3.710 0 0 3.718.32 Pld 0.3 20 450 300 12 0.1 5,400 30 5.430 12394S 4,191 0 0 4.190.st

SoIIur fwe 0.6 40 2400 2400 3.3 0.2 7.920 480 8.400 4282.06 4117.92 0 0 4,117.92 PA 3Po" 0.s 40 430 Go0 12.2 0.1 S.*16 6e 5,916 3447 2.463 0 0 2,469.00 Mum.od 0.3 20 240 0 Il 0 2.400 0 2.400 163S.16 765 . 0 0 764.83

PF40.u V qaum O.1S 10 2250 0 2 0 4.500 0 4.S00 3332.7s3 1,167 0 0 1,167.21

TOTAL 3.15 210 10170 6300 49.3 0.6 42831 1290 44121 21516.291 22604.709 0 0 22.604.71

Cheap in"hZ Invsum. 10.239.04 PsmsldolloChm..l. NdInInses: a3%

_ @C_hS_: xl3#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex1 1 Table22 I4DIA AssamRural Infrastnrcture and Agricultural Services Project IncrementalProduction and Employment1/

Unit IncrementalProduction

Paddy Ton 132000 Mustard Ton 5000 Jute Ton 12000 Potatoes Ton 9000 Pulse Ton 5000 Fruit Ton 85000 Fish Ton 3000 Milk Ton 1138

IncremenlalEmployment IrrigatedCrops 1000workdays 56000 Horlicullure 1000workdays 600 Fisheries 1000workdays 1320 Livestock 1000workdays 1700

1/ Refersto annualvalues at full developement(about 10 years fromproject inception)

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table 23 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project Land Holdings

Average No. of Holdings Size Range Million Ha % Size (Ha) (Millions) %

Less than 1 ha 0.60 18.99 0.41 1.45 59.95 1 to 2 ha 0.76 24.09 1.39 0.55 22.59 2 to 4 ha 0.87 27.65 2.69 0.32 13.41 4 to 10 ha 0.48 15.21 5.21 0.09 3.82 More than 10 ha 0.44 14.06 78.08 0.01 0.24

TOTAL 3.16 100.00 1.31 2.42 100.00 co Annex 1 1 Table24 INDIA AssarnRwral Inlrastructure and AgriculturalServices Prolect ImportParity Prices 1/

DeWplion Unit Urea2 DAP 3/ MOP 4/ Jute 5J Copra6/ Paddy7/ Worldprice (current Yr 2000,pt of export) US$/MT 177 204 132 363 516 332 A4 factorto '94 constant 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 Woddpriceadjto94constant US$/MT 152 175 114 312 444 286 Oualityadcstnent US$/MT 100 100 100 100 100 80 Worldmarket equLvalent US$/MT 152 175 114 312 444 228 + Intemauonalshippg, Ins. US$/MT 30 30 30 5 25 20 CIFIndia port US$/MT 182 205 144 317 469 248 ExchangeRate Rs/USS 32 32 32 32 32 32 CIFlndiapout Rs/MT 5.831 6.574 4,593 10.150 15,000 7,949 + Portcharges 81 Rs/MT 275 275 275 275 275 275 + Intemaltransport8/ Rs/MT 430 430 430 430 430 430 Intenalmarketing&hanclinga/ Rs/MT 150 150 150 150 150 150 Subtotal Rs/MT 6,686 . 7.429 5,448 11,005 15,855 8,804 Processingratio. nain product % 100 100 100 100 15 62 Processigrato, byproduct % ------25 4 Value,byproduct Of Rs/MT -.- .-- ... -.- 1500 1000 - ProcessNgcostsa/ Rs/MT --- _ -. --- 100 200 Wholesalevalue Rs/MT 6,686 7,429 5.448 11.005 2,653 5,299 + Transportto/irom farm gate8/ Rs/MT 150 150 150 150 150 150 * Localmarket*gcostsV8 Rs/MT 100 100 100 100 100 100 Famgate price Rs/MT 6.936 7,679 5,698 11,255 2,903 5,549 Faumgateprce Rs/Kg 6.94 7.68 5.70 11.25 2.90 5.55

1/ Pricedata are from 'CommodityMarkets and tIe DevelopingCountries: A WorldBank Quarterly', August1994. Intemnonl Shippingdata are from 'Shpping Stafstcs & Economics',several Issues. 2/ 45% N. 6/ CopraIs the drdedflesh of a coconutthat providesoil and cake. 3/ 46% P. Coconutalso providescoir fibre which Is used bcally 4J60% K. 7/ Paddyprovides dce bran as a by-product;husk assumed to have zerovalue. 5/ QuoWdlob Eiilduh (ChItteong0Cena). I V FInancalvalue x SCF; SCF. 0.90 Price prked to be teme Calcuts.

. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -170-

Annex 11 Table25 INDIA Assam Rural infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project Financialand EconomicFarmgate Prices - Inputs

FinancilaPrice EconomicPrice Descriotion Unit Rs Rs

SEED Rice Kg 6.5 9.75 Mustard Kg 15 13.5 Potato Kg 6.5 5.85 Jute Kg 24 41.52 Gram Kg 15 13.5

SSEDLINGS/CUTTINGS Arecanut Seedling 3 2.7 Banana Seedling 10 9 Black Pepper Cutting 4 3.6 Coconut(Hybrid) Seedling 45 40.5 Ginger Kg 18 16.2 Orange Graft 10 9 Papaya Seedling 3 2.7 Pineapple Sucker 0.5 0.45 Turmeric Kg 15 13.5

FERTILIZER Urea (N) Kg 3.22 7.87 Di-AmoniumPhosphate - DAP (P) Kg 9.4 8.61 Muriateof Potash-- MOP (K) Kg 5.66 6.63

OTHER BullockLabor Palrday 40 36 HumanLabor Workday 32 28.8 -171-

Annex 11 Table 26 INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand AgriculturalServices Project Financialand EconomicFarmgate Prices - Output

FinancialPrice EconomicPrice

Descrirtion Unit Rs Rs -

Winter Rice - Ton 3300 5550 Summer Rice Ton 3700 5550 Autumn Rice Ton 3690 5550 Mustard Ton 10500 9450 Potato Ton 3000 2700 Jute Ton 6500 11250 Gram- Ton 12200 10980 Arecanut 1000 Fruits 500 450 Banana Ton 3000 2700 Black Pepper Ton 5000 4500 Coconut 1000 Fruits 2500 2900 Ginger Ton 2000 1800 Orange Ton 5000 4500 Papaya Ton 3000 2700 Pineapple Ton 3000 2700 Turmeric Ton 3000 2700

Rice Straw Ton 100 90 Wheat Straw Ton 100 90 Annex II Table 27

INDIA Assom Rural Infrastructure and Agdcitural Services Project Calctialton of Rural Roads Benefits

A: Op.ralmg Cost SavXngs |No./DoY No.do Savhngs/Krn L§gvhgs/Km/Doy| SavnoslKmrW I n-W TpL (Rs) I/ I Trucks 16 4 200 128.00 46.72000 Bases 8 3 2.70 64.80 23.652.00 Cars 8 2 1.44 23.04 8.409.60 Scooters/Motorcyces 35 2 0.55 38.50 14.052.50 Bicycles 75 2 0.35 52.50 19.162.50 BullockCarts 20 2 0.33 13.20 4.818.00 116.814.60

8: Vakl df Pasnger lim Saved NolDoI No. of Avg. No. Mn. Saved/Km 2/ % Prod. llrne 3/ |Prod. Minutes Prod. Hours Econ Value/ Econ Value/ One-Wav r4s of Passengers lKm/Day 41 lKm/Yr Buses 8 3 25 5 0.4 1200 20 78.75 28743.75 Cm 8 2 2 2.5 0.4 32 0.53 2.1 766.50 Scooters/Motorcycls 35 2 1.5 4 0.4 168 2.80 11.025 4024.125 33.534.38 C: Value of Incrementd Load from l1m Saved No./Day No. of |Ml. Saved/Km 1%Prod. Tlme Prod. Minutes |Prod. Houtrs jEcon Vdkue/lEcon Volue/| I One-Way Trips _ Km/Day 5/ K/nlYr Trucks 16 4 5 0.8 256 4.27 16.80 6132.00 BAock Carts 20 2 7 0.5 140 2.33 4.78 1743.79 7.875.79

1/ H. L Beenhlkder and A. M. Logo. Econorslc Apprdisd of Rural Roads; SkmnplfedOperational Procedures lar Screenlng and Apprdasor. World Bonk Workg Paper No. 610. 1983.Annex K p. 4.

2/ Central Roads Research InsNtute.1mpact of Rural Roads Traflic Flow Patterns and Econoric Benefits -- A Case Study in Haryana". New Det Augus 1967. Table 7.6.

3/ IbId. p. 11 IQnckxdes empkoyment-reloted buness (25%) and takIng goods tornorket (15%).

4/ Daly usge of Rs 35 acustedby SCF(0.9).

6/ bid. p. 116. Truck time valued at Rs 4.4/hr: buLAckcort tiWmat Rs 2.1/ht. Annex 1I Table 28

Assan Rurd Infrastncture and Agdcuitd ServicesProject A 0.25 Ha FarmeesFish Pond

Quantity Unit Vakue Value Units (Per Ha) PrIce (RslH (Rs/PorK

INPUTS

Repairs and Maintanance Ls -- 2000 500.00 Manuresand Fertilzer Ls - - 12000 3.000.00 Feed Ls - --- 50000 12.500.00 FishSeed Ls ----- 2000 500.00 Prophylactic Measure Ls - --- 1500 375.00 Nets, Miscelaneous Ls -- --- 500 125.00 Hired Harvest Labor Ls - -- 4000 1,000.00 Sub-Total 72.000.00 18,000.00

OUTPUT

Fish Kg 3.000 30.00 90000 2Z500.00

NETINCOME Rs -- --- 18.000.00 4.500.00 Annex 11 Table 29

INDIA Assam RLxollnfrastructkxe and AgrIctturta ServicesProject A 2 Ha Community FlshTank

Quantity Unit Value Vadue Units (Per Ha) Plce (Rs) (Rs/Ha) (Rs/Tank)

INPUTS

Repairs and Maintalnance Ls - - 2000 4,000.00 Manures and Fertilzer Ls - - 12000 24,000.00 Feed Ls --- 50000 100,000.00 FishSeed Ls -- - 2000 4.000.00 Prophylactic Measwe Ls - --- 1500 3,000.00 Nets Miscelaneous Ls --- ... 500 1,000.00 Hired Harvest Labor Ls --- 4000 8,000.00 Sub-Total 72,000.00 144,000.00

OUTPUT

Flsh Kg 3,000 30.00 90000 180,000.00

NETINCOME Rs --- - 18,000.00 36,000.00

.~~~~~~I

I.. Annex 11 Table 30

INDIA Assam RuralInfrostructure and Agricultural ServicesProject A 100 Ha Beel Model

Quantity Unit Value Value Units (Per Ha) Price (Rs) (Rs/Ha) (Rs/Beel)

INPUTS

Lease Ls - --- 20 2.000.00 FishSeed Production Ls --- 1,000 100.000.00 Malntalnance Ls ------2,000 200.000.00 Nets. etc Ls -- --- 1.000 100.000.00 Hired Harvest Labor Ls --- 1000 100.000.00 Sub-Total 5,020.00 502.000.00

OUTPUT

Fish Kg 300 30.00 9.000.00 900.000.00

NETINCOME Rs --- 3.980.00 398.000.00 Annex II Table31

INDIA AssamRural Infrastructure and AgriculturalServices Project A One-Cow FormModel

A CrossBred Cow An Indigenous Cow Quantity Unit Value Quantity Unit Value Units (PerYr) Price(Rs) (Rs) (PerYr) Price (Ps) (Ps/Ha)

INPUTS

Straw Kg 780 0.2 156.00 750 0.2 150.00 FreshFodder Supplement Kg 3,000 0.5 1.500.00 0 0.5 0.00 Concentrate Kg 1,680 3.5 5,880.00 0 3.5 0.00 Minerals Ls ------100.00 ------0.00 Vet Services Ls ------100.00 ------45.00 A.l. Service Ls 150.00 ------0.00 Medlcine Is --- 200.00 ------90.00 MNkMarketing Utres 1,800 0.1 180.00 150 0.1 15.00 Labor . Days 360 7 2,520.00 0 7 .0.00 10,786.00 300.00

OUTPUT

Milk Uters 1.800 9 16,200.00 150 9 1.350.00

NETINCOME Rs --- -- 5.414.00 ------1,050.00 Anexx 11 Table 32 INDIA Assam Rural Infrasiructureand AgrcuLturalServices Project Milk Production 1/

UnHs Yr-1 Yr-2 Yr-3 Yr-4 Yr-5 Yr-6 Yr-7 Yr-8 Yr-9 Yr-10 Yr-i1 Yr-12 Yr-13

mlnatlonhpermrnedlYear '000 No 219 1,183 1,924 2,044 2.164 2,344 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 lnseminauons/conception 2/ '0 No 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Cows successfully Inseminated 31 00 No 63 358 621 705 801 938 960 960 960 960 960 960, 960 Number of female calves bom 4/ '000 No --- 22 125 217 247 281 328 336 336 336 336 336 336 Number of lactatinganimals 5/ '000No ------.-- --- 19 121 277 422 561 708 827 918 960 Number of lters of milk 6/ Million Uters ------34 218 499 759 1,010 1,275 1,489 1,653 1,728 Value of Mik 7/ Million Rs ------285 1,850 4,240 6,452 8,584 10,834 12,658 14,053 14,688

1/ The hardix dto stab-lze h the 13th year 21 The imprvement over years reflects improvedheat detection, and inseminatorexperience 3/ First row dMded by the second row 4/ Assumes a 70% caMng rate, with 50% females 5/ This Is a cumulative total, after adjustingfor a 15% call mortality, 10%adult mortality, and a 15%culling rate 5/ Each cross-bred cow produces 1,800rters of milk per 300 day lactation 7/ Each iter of milk Is valued at the market price of Rs 8.50 Arx 11 Table33

AssamRural Intrasructre and AgdtAaundServies Proem Econoric Cash FlowAnab (Rs. TheuAands)

Yw I Year2 Yewu3 Yer4 Year5 Yw 6 Ye r7 Yeari Year9 Year10 Nat PRekr on Fidd Cops Wini rRUc 0 4,126 13.793 27.044 40,809 54,091 64.193 67,738 67,738 67.738 AutumnRIce 0 2.621 10,964 24.538 40.350 56.131 69.633 77,273 79,163 79,163 Jute 0 2.266 7,576 14,853 22,413 29,709 35,257 37,24 37,204 37,204 Pube 0 951 4.350 10.147 17.081 24.049 30,148 33.832 34.839 34.839 IntercopPuLe 358 1.568 3,344 4.932 6,804 8.749 10.921 10.985 11,327 12,055 Mustard 0 220 1.419 3.726 6,655 9,642 12.381 14,243 14.830 14,830 IntercropPotato 204 919 2,042 3,199 4,647 6,614 9.706 12.405 15.103 18.251 Net Retun on Haricaitua Crops Atecaud -402 -1,460 -3.501 .5,239 -7,998 *8,097 *3.318 12.639 28.846 51.182 Banand 455 1,385 2,276 3.641 5.462 7,283 9.103 9.103 9.103 9,103 Bbck Pepper -355 -516 -448 -390 -688 -792 -666 159 595 572 Coconut -560 -2.391 -3.572 -4.435 -5,471 -5.317 -1.052 7,799 15,045 22.480 Ginger 264 528 791 1.055 1,583 2,110 2,638 2.638 2.638 2.638 Omrnge -388 -1.013 -1.594 .- 2,355 -3.24B *2.728 61 4,178 7,767 11,613 Papaya 2.331 6.999 12.463 18,017 23.565 29.112 34.659 36,710 37,003 36,981 Pneapple 109 1.353 2.598 3.842 4,075 6.564 9,053 11.324 9.083 9,083 Tumeric 800 1,599 2.399 3.199 4,798 6.398 7.997 7,997 7,997 7,997 Net Relumon RuralRoads 10.530 32,117 68,824 107,366 147,835 190.328 213,885 233,986 245,685 257,970 Net Retumon Uvestock -9.386 -64.723 *127.909 -62,275 -8,766 *18,231 46,210 161,799 216,258 272,025 Net Reurmon Fisheries 8,150 16,724 24,553 32,381 40,210 48,039 55,868 83696 61,275 61 275 TotalNet Reum 12.110 3,254 20,366 183,246 340.117 443,653 606,675 805,706 901,498 1,006.998 Proct Investmt Cost Pit Iv. Cost 421,851 513.824 597,998 516.706 523,707 534.365 437.209 269.662 Vehic.Replace. Recmnnt Exp. 147,085 147,085 Tolal Pp Econ.Cost 421,851 513,824 597,998 516.706 523,707 534,365 437,209 269,662 147.085 147084.8 Totl PpNet Retum -409,741 -510.571 -577.632 -333.459 -183,590 -90,712 169.465 536,044 754.414 859,913 ERRa 24% NPV a Rs. Mil. 2,423.0 continued.

U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 11 Table 33 Continued INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand Agricultural Services Project Economic Cash Flow Analysis (Rs. Thousands)

Year1l Year12 Year13 Yearl4 YearlS Yearl6 Year17 Year18 Yearl9 Year20 Net Retum on Fid Crops Winter Rice 67,738 67.738 67.738 67.738 67,738 67,738 67,738 67,738 67,738 67,738 Autumn Rice 79,163 79,163 79.163 79,163 79.163 79.163 79.163 79,163 79,163 79,163 Jute 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37.204 Pulse 34,839 34,839 34.839 34,839 34.839 34.839 34,839 34,839 34,839 34,839 IntescropPulse 12,753 13.451 13,451 13.451 13,451 13,451 13,451 13,451 13,451 13,451 Mustard 14.830 14,830 14.830 14,830 14.830 14,830 14.830 14,830 14.830 14,830 Intercrop Potato 21,174 24,098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24.098 24.098 24,098 24.098 Net Relum on Horticultural Crops Arecanut 74.055 97,469 101.952 104,076 103.924 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 Banana 9,103 9,103 9.103 9,103 9.103 9.103 9,103 9.103 9.103 9,103 Black Pepper 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 Coconut 30,098 37,902 38,975 39,495 39.464 39,443 39,432 39,432 39,432 39,432 Ginger 2,638 2,638 2,638 2.638 2,638 2,638 2,638 2,638 2,638 2,638 Orange 17,531 23,885 24,679 24.658 24,637 24,628 24.616 24,603 24,603 24,603 Papaya 36,981 36,981 36,981 36.981 36.981 36,144 35,726 35,726 35,726 35,726 Pineapple 9,083 11,324 9,083 9,083 9,083 11.324 9.083 9,083 9.083 11,324 Turmeric 7,997 7.997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 Net Retum on Rural Roads 270.868 283,554 295.159 304,485 311,419 315,841 317,625 318,354 318,354 318,354 Net Retum on Livestock 326.774 366.268 393.125 411.387 423,806 432,250 437.993 441,897 444,553 446,358 Nel Retum on Fisheries 81,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 75 61,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 Total Net Retum 1,114,676 1,210,290 1,252,859 1,283.071 1.302,219 1,316,385 1,321,228 1,325,850 1,328.505 1.332,552 Project InvestmentCost Pjt Invest. Cost ------Vehic. Replace. 43,151 ------... - 43,151 ------Recurrent Exp. 147,085147085 5 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 Total Pit Econ. Cost 190,236 147,085 147,085 147,085 147.085 190,236 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085

Total Pit Net Relum 924.441 1.063,205 1,105,774 1,135,986 1.155,135 1,126.149 1,174,144 1,178,765 1,181,421 1,185,467

conlinued. Annex 11 Table 33 Continued INDIA Assam Rural Infrastructureand Agricultural SenrlcesProject EconomicCash Flow Analysis (Rs. Thousands)

Year 21 Year22 Year 23 Year 24 Year 25 Year 26 Year 27 Year 28 Year 29 Year30 Net Retum on Field Crops Winter Rko 67.738 67,738 67,738 67.738 67,738 67,738 67,738 67.738 67.738 67.738 Autumn Rice 79,163 79.163 79.1B3 79,183 79.183 79.163 79.163 79,183 79,163 79,163 Jule 37.204 37.204 37.204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37,204 37.204 37.204 37,204 Pulse 34,839 34.839 34,839 34.839 34.839 34,839 34,839 34,839 34.839 34,839 Intercrop Pulse 13,451 13,451 13.451 13.451 13,451 13.451 13,451 13,451 13.451 13.451 Mustard 14,830 14,830 14.830 14,830 14,830 14,830 14.830 14,830 14,830 14.830 Intercrop Potato 24,098 24.098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24,098 24.098 24.098 Net Retum on HorticulturalCrops Arecanut 103.849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 103,849 Banana 9,103 9.103 9,103 9,103 9,103 9,103 9.103 9.103 9.103 9,103 Black Pepper 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 572 Coconut 39,432 39,432 39,432 39.432 39,432 39,432 39,432 39,432 39.432 39,432 Ginger 2.638 2.638 2,638 2,638 2,638 2,638 2.638 2,638 2,638 2,638 Orange 24,603 24.603 24,603 24,603 24,603 24,603 24,603 24,603 24,603 24,603 Papaya 36.981 36,981 36,981 36.981 36.981 36,144 35,726 35,726 35,726 35,726 Pineapple 9,083 11,324 9.083 9,083 9,083 11,324 9,083 9,083 9,083 11.324 Turmeric 7.997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 7,997 Net Retum on Rural Roads 318.354 '318.354 318.354 318,354 318.354 318,354 318.354 318,354 318,354 318,354 Net Retum on Uvestock 447,586 448,421 448.989 449,375 449,637 449,816 449,937 450,020 450,076 450,114 Net Retum on Fisheries 61,275 61,275 61,275 61.275 61,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 61,275 Total Net Retum 1,332.794 1,335,870 1.334,197 1,334,583 1,334,845 1,336,428 1,333,890 1,333,972 1.334,029 1,336,308 Prolect InvestmentCost Pt nvest. Cost ------... ------... --- Vehic. Replace. 43,151 43,151 ... -- ... --- RecurrentExp. 147,085 147,085 147, 47,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 147,085 Total Pit Econ. Cost 190,236 147,085 147,085 147.085 147,085 190.236 147,085 147,085 147,085 147.085

Total Pit Net Relum 1,142,559 t.188.785 1,187.112 1.187,498 1.187.761 1.146.192 1.186,805 1.186,888 1,186,944 1,189,223 I -181-

ADC 32.

ASSAM-RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

THE PROJECT AREA

DISTRICTS DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS

1. Dhubri South Salmara Mancachar Gauripur Agomoni Bilashipara Chapar Salkocha Rupashi (New) Mahamaya (New) Birshing Jarua (New) Fekamari (New) Jamarghat (New) Nayar Alga (New) Debitola (New) Golokganj

2. Kokrajhar Gossaigaon Kachugaon Kokrajhar sidli-Chering Dotma Hatidhara (New)

3. Goalpara Lakhipur Balijana Matia Dudhnoi Joleswar (New) Kharmuza Krishani Kuchdhuwa (New)

4. Bongaigaon Srijangram Baitamari Manikpur Borobazar Tapattari (New) Dangtol (New)

5. Barpeta Barpeta Gobardhana Jalah Ruposi Mandia Bhabanipur Bajali -182-

Chenga Sarukhetri (New) Pakabetbari Goma-phulbari (New)

6. Nalbari Baska Borkhetri Tamulpur Tihu-Barama Pachim Nalbari Pub-Nalbari Barbhag (New) Borgog-Barbhag Madhupur (New) Dhamdhama (New) Nagrijuli (New)

7. Kumrup Dimoria Boko-Bangaon Kamalpur Ilajo Rahi Bezera (New) Chnyani Bordhar (New) Chaigaon Chamarie Rangiya Goreswar (New) Rampur Bongaon (New) Saulkuchi (new) Bih-dia-Jajikona Chandrapur (new) Goroimari

8. Darrang Dalgaon-Sialmari Sipajhar Kalaigaon Khairabari Bechimari (New) Pu-Mangaldoi (New) Udalguri Bheragaon (New)

9. Sonitpur Gabharu Bihguri (new) Sakumata (New) Borchala (New)

10. Lakhimpur Dhakuawana Telahi (New) Ghilamari -183-

11. Dhemaji Machkhowa Siaibargaon

12. Dibrugarh Barbarua Lahowal Khowang Tengakhat Joypur Panitola Tingkhong

13. Tinsukia Hapjan Kakapathar Saikhowa (New) Itakhuli (New) Guijan (New)

14. Jorhat Majuli = Central Jorhat East Jorhat North-East Jorhat Titabar Jorhat Ujani-Majuli (New) Ralaipani

15. Sibsagar Sibsagar Gaurisagar Nazira Dimew Sapekhaeti Sonari Lakuwa (New) Amguri (New) West Athayapur (New)

16. Golaghat Golaghat-North Golaghat-Central Golaghat-West Golaghat-East Golaghat-South Morangi (New) Gamariguri (New) Kakodanga (New)

17. Nawgaon Juria Lawkhawa Batadrava Rupahi Khagarijan Kathiatoli -184-

Kal iabar Kapili Odali Jugijan Pakimari (New) Raha (New) Pachim-Kaliabar (New) Barhampur (New) Binakandi (New) Lumding (New) Dhalpukhuri (New)

18. Morigaon Dolonghat (New) Mairabari (New) Mayang Bhurbandha Laharighat

19. Xarbi-Anglong Leumbajung Nilip Bokajan Howraghat Rongmongue Amri Socheng Rongkhong Samelangaon Chinthong Longsompi (New)

20. Cachar Sonai Rajabazar Udarbond Katigorah Salchapra Narcingpur Lakhipur Binkandi (New) Silchar (New) Borkhola (New) Palonghat (New) Barjelanga (New) Kalain (New)

21. Hailakandi Kathlichara Hailakandi Lala Algapur (New) South-Hailakandi Tapang (New)

22. Karimganj North-Karimganj -185-

South-Karimganj Patharkandi Ramkrishna-nagar Badarpur Dullav-Chera (New) Lawaripowa (New)

23. North-Cachar-Hills Jatingavally Diyangvally Harangajaw Dayangmukh New Sanngbhur

-186-

Annex 13

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Imnlementation Arrangements for Individual Components

Poverty Alleviation Comnonent

1. Because the component includes distinct programs for improvement of production technology in fisheries, livestock and horticulture, each of them would be implemented by separate responsible line departments and agencies. The improvement program for fisheries would be implemented by the Department of Fisheries, Assam Fisheries Corporation, Fisheries cooperatives, Field Management Committees and farmers. While livestock activities would be implemented by the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, private entrepreneurs and farmers; and horticultural activities by the Department of Agriculture (Horticulture Section), private seeds and seedlings producers, Field Management Committees and farmers.

2. Fisheries Development. Activities supported under the project include seed production, mobile health units, farmers ponds and community tanks, and fish production in laige reservoirs (beels). Also the project would support Pilot open water, minor floodplain fisheries enhancement activities. These activities would be implemented as follows:

(a) Fish Seed Production. The State Department of Fisheries through its technically qualified persons and fisheries scientists of Assam Agricultural University would initiate the establishment of eco- hatcheries, one in each district, to demonstrate the scientific method of fish breeding, rearing and distribution to the fish seed growers of the State. Whenever the eco-hatcheries are leased to private persons on a long-term basis, the department would monitor their activities to ensure quality of seed is maintained. The Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) would be actively involved in providing support in training, implementation and monitoring of the program.

(b) Mobile Fish Health Units. These units would be operated by the State Department of Fisheries through its Fish Farmers Development Agencies located in selected high fish potential districts.

(c) Farmers Ponds. and Community Tanks. The potential areas for creating ponds and tanks would jointly be identified by the State Department of Fisheries and local bodies consisting of members of Field Management Committees, Non-Governmental organizations, Village Panchayats, etc. The Department, through Fish Farmers Development Agencies, would guide and assist producers in intensive fish culture production. The Departmental officials would also monitor implementation and evaluate the impact of fish production in the local economy, including income and employment generation.

(d) Pilot open water, minor floodplain fisheries enhancement. The innovative strategy for this component would require coordination by the Department of Fisheries (DOF) for all technical and -187-

production monitoring aspects in conjunction with the Irrigation Department (I)) for the engineering aspects and NGO to assist with social organization of the fishing groups that would lease the open waters. The DOF, with assistance from the ID, would be responsible for implementing the engineering works which would include (i) clearing and deepening channels between the selected floodplain and rivers; (ii) replacement of irrigation gates with structures more suitable for fish migration, as needed; and (iii) clearing of floating aquatic vegetation. The DOF would make contractual agreements with the participating fishing groups that would include payment of 30% of investment costs and annual maintenance needs. Responsibility for the latter would be taken directly by the fishing groups in lieu of making payments for maintenance needs. The DOF would be responsible for maintenance and production monitoring and collection of baseline data at proposed sites prior to making investments. The DOF would also review, revise , and enforce fisheries regulations, as necessary, to optimize fish production in the project area.

3. The Department of Fisheries is adequately staffed with more than 30 qualified Junior Engineers to undertake survey work, demarcation of boundaries and help to design embankments/dikes/spill-overs/sluice gates, etc. to be contracted out. Weed clearing of beels would also be contracted out to the private sector.

4. Other activities such as Fisheries research, Extension service and training would be centralized for implementation. The Assam Agricultural University would implement fisheries research and the Department of Agriculture would provide extension service under the broad based extension service program. However, the responsibility for providing back stopping for extension service would remain with the Department of Fisheries through its SMSs in fisheries. The development of fisheries research projects would be undertaken by the university scientists, seed growers, fish culturists, in collaboration with staff at the Regional Research Center at Jorhat and ICAR

5. A systematic ecological survey would be carried out of the wetlands in the project area and identify ecologically important wetlands prior to making investments. Such wetlands would be excluded from the prbject. So far, six wetlands have been identified in Assam to be of international importance and in need of protection. These are: (a) Sareswar in Dhuri Division; (b) Wetlands in Manas Wildlife Sanctuary; (c) Dipor (Deepar); (d) Wetlands in Loakhawa, Orang and Sonai Rupai Sanctuaries; (e) Wetlands in Kaziranga National Park; and (f) Dibru Flood Plain.

6. Because of the technical nature of fish production in large beels, the Department of Fisheries would at the initial stage launch the operation by designing, drawing, floating tenders for construction, supervising construction and seeding before finally leasing to the private sector (highest bidders). To promote private sector involvement in fish production on a commercial scale, lease periods of water beels under government control would be extended to 5-10 years. -188-

7. Beels would continue to be the major source of fish production in the State, therefore there is a need to rationalize the States policy and responsibility for their development. At present the majority of the beels are either under the control of Revenue or Forestry Departments. For proper development of beels the fishing rights should be vested with the State Fisheries Department. Regarding the issue of leasing out large beels to highest bidders, present users would be protected. A compensation package acceptable to IDA would be required as an integral part of the beel construction, in the annual work plan.

8. Livestock Development. The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department (AHVD) is responsible for development of livestock in the state. The Department is represented in each district by a District Veterinary Officer under whom are a number of Sub-District Veterinary Officers, Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, and Veterinary Extension Officers at the livestock clinics, including mobile clinics. Currently the department has several livestock improvement initiatives including, improvement of cattle, buffalo, goats, pigs, ducks and poultry through breeding programs; the Intensive Cattle Development Project (ICDP), village level scheme, and production of frozen cattle semen for Artificial Insemination, as part of the cattle improvement program.

9. The cattle improvement program puts emphasis on dairy production through its eight cattle farms and numerous insemination centers. The largest program being the GOI supported ICDP scheme which started in 1968. The objective of the ICDP is to improve milk production in the state through controlled breeding, and improved feeding, management and disease control. There are 11 ICDPs currently operating in the state and a further two were planned and the infrastructure established but not implemented.

10. To compliment GOI/GOA effort, additional resources provided under the project would enable AHVD implement the cattle improvement program. Because GOA under the ICDP has artificial insemination infrastructure in place through which AI and veterinary services and animal husbandry information are extended, the department would be supported to expand the coverage. The ICDPs are linked with the Dairy Development Department and a Rural Development and Extension Officer is attached to the ICDPs for household dairy extension, and organizing cooperative societies for milk marketing. Animal management practices of the ICDPs including castration of local bulls, breeding local cows with frozen Jersey semen to produce cross bred milk animals, treatment of animal health problems and prophylaxis for diseases, would be continued.

11. The existing staff are adequate to implement the project, with the exception of a few additional positions. At the state level, the staff would consist of the Director, supported by an Additional Director who would be responsible for the project. Below the Additional Director are a number of SMSs whose function would be to train field level staff, assist with beneficiary training, prepare training materials in their specialized subjects with the assistance of the existing multi-media team. Also, SMSs would organize and supervise field livestock development staff. -189-

12. Though most of the positions are filled, about 10% additional staffing would be required. The existing lower level staff include the following specializations: (i) fodder development, (ii) cattle production, (iii) pig, sheep and goat production, (iv) training, (v) extension, and (vi) animal health. Female staff for extension, women in development and animal nutrition would be added to the existing contingent of livestock experts. Additionally, some of the present staff would be re-trained to equip them in livestock breeding, monitoring, credit and business development and planning. There will also be a separate group responsible for frozen semen production and management, epidemiology and disease monitoring.

13. At the district level, each district would be headed by Veterinary Officer supported by a team of SMSs to provide technical support for topics which are important in that particular district. These would include: training, cattle production, fodder development, pig, sheep and goat production, animal health, and rural development and extension.

14. The veterinary clinics and AI centers would continue to be operated by existing staff carrying out general functions, acting as the extension agents for livestock department, interacting with the beneficiaries and passing requests for training and additional information to the SMSs at the district level. With the development of VLAs and privatization of veterinary services, Al centers would concentrate in providing technical support to the private sector, monitoring, and private sector and farmer training and extension. Sub-sector representation would be provided by the Veterinary Extension Officer at the Block level.

15. Horticulture Development. Implementation of two IDA assisted projects (Cr 728 and Cr 1754) has resulted in strengthening and streamlining of the extension service under a single line of command. Under this system, there is one VLEW for every 800 farm families, one AEO circle for 6-8 VLEWs, one Sub-divisional Agricultural Officer for 6-8 AEO circles, one District Agricultural Officer for 2-3 subdivisions, one Joint Director of Agriculture for 2-4 districts. Because the proposed project would introduce a broad-based extension service, the existing VLEWs would function as multiple change agents for technology transfer for crops (including horticulture) and livestock.

16. Because of the growing importance of horticulture as a source of income and nutrition for the rural poor, a separate cell for horticulture was created within the Department of Agriculture in 1992. The cell is headed by an ADA (Horticulture) who is assisted by two Deputy Directors (Horticulture) at headquarter. At the sub divisional level, the Sub divisional Agricultural Officers are assisted by one SMS (Horticulture). At the state level workshops exclusively for horticulture are held once every year since 1990-91 to promote further expansion of horticulture.

17. Also, bi-monthly zonal workshops devote about 50% of the time for skill development and generation of messages on horticulture. The Department of Agriculture and the Assam Agricultural University have jointly published an excellent book entitled "Packages of Practices for Horticultural crops in -190-

Assam" which is only useful to a few english speaking farmers. Assistance would be provided in the project to translate the book into Assamese and Bengali to be widely distributed to the farming community.

18. There are about 3000 VLEWs in the Directorate of Agriculture. Each VLEW would conduct one or two horticultural demonstrations per year on farmers' plots. Where FMCs are well organized the demonstrations would be conducted through FMCs on selected farmers' land or on community lands. Although about 20,000 FMCs have been registered, only a small percentage are functioning and are self-sustaining. NGOs would be engaged to strengthen the FMCs and to evolve methods for effective participation of beneficiary groups in planning and implementation of demonstrations. The progeny orchard activities would be implemented by the existing staff and the horticultural training would be organized by sub-divisional SMS (Horticulture) supervised by headquarter staff.

Institutional Development ComDonent

19. The component includes technology generation, education and training, extension service, seed multiplication and land administration whose implementation would involve three agencies. These activities would be implemented as follows:

20. Technology Generation. The Assam State Agricultural University (ASAU) is responsible for agricultural research. Technology generation under the project would concentrate on the development of various forms of the rice- based cropping systems, to increase crop yields and also cropping intensity. As a result of research supported through the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) all India coordinated trials, extension information is already available for increasing the intensity of cropping under both irrigated and dry-land cropping.

21. The regional agricultural stations, strengthened under the project, would be responsible for the location specific research. Since a major thrust of the project is to widen the range of on-farm income generating activities, an integrated approach to farming would be adopted to include crops, livestock and fisheries. The rationale for supporting such effort would be to ensure continued supply of demand driven technology, especially more relevant to mixed farming.

22. Through the Farming Systems Research under the project, farmers will have the opportunity to make their needs known to research and extension workers through their participation in training sessions, demonstrations and zonal and district committees. At present extension messages are designed exclusively by research scientists and extension officers for farmers based on their perception. Similarly research programs are based on the ideas of the scientists. Under the project, more active participation of farmers in the identification of problem areas, in the design of research programs, and the application of research results would be further encouraged under a farming systems approach to research and extension. -191-

23. However, there are many interpretations of "Farming Systems Research" (FSR), ranging from the introduction of a concept of mixed farming to experiments on crop rotations. Under the project, farming systems research approach that has been used by the International Agricultural Research Centers would be tried.

24. To promote demand driven research programs, a FSR committee would be established comprising members from research, extension, NGOs and farmers, and would meet at either Jorhat or Guwahati twice each year. The committee would be responsible for commissioning joint diagnostic surveys through the regional research stations, for soliciting and funding research proposals emanating from the surveys, and funding proposals for on-farm trials received from research, extension and NGOs. The chairmanship of the committee would oscillate between the Department of Agriculture and ASAU.

25. Education and Training. The Assam Agricultural University is also responsible for education and training of pre-service staff. At present there is a surplus number of trained manpower at all levels and many of them are un-employed. All positions at the village level extension worker (VLEW) level are also filled. Therefore, the project would not support any pre- service training, except for women candidates. The objective is to increase women representation in the extension service as their present number is minimal.

26. ASAU would continue to provide in-service training, the function which was not accomplished under the NAEP III. The training would support research aimed at technology generation, strengthen extension service, and develop a farming systems approach to research with a subsidiary aim of improving linkages among research scientists, extension staff and the farming community. The training facility at Naltali would be upgraded to function as a state level staff Training Institute.

27. There is clear need to provide in-service training to both staff and farmers. However, the need for pre-service training and education would critically be evaluated before any additional support is provided. Given the over supply of graduates and the complete staffing of the Agricultural Department, there are indications that the output of graduates and VLEW should be curtailed.

28. In service training and farmers training is decided centrally and does not appear to be related to identified needs at the field level. This is also a lack of an overall policy for training in the development plan of the state. There is no clear allocation of responsibility for training at the various levels. Within the crop sector both ASAU and the department of Agriculture are providing training independently and each is seeking to upgrade its farmer training facilities.

29. To assist GOA address the above problem, a consultant would be recruited under the project to prepare a curriculum for the Naltali training center, and coordinate preparation of an overall state agricultural training policy and implementation plan. Until the plan is prepared, no additional support for training would be provided under the project. -192-

30. Extension. The management and organization of the extension service in Assam was established under the previous Bank supported projects which introduced the Train and Visit (T&V) approach. Under the project, the approach would be modified to ensure broad based extension service is extended to all agricultural sub-divisions. Additionally, reforms would be introduced aimed at addressing recognized limitations of the current extension system. The limitations include excessive manpower requirements, failure of the contact farmer approach, lack of contact with women farmers, limitation of extension to crops and a top-down delivery system for improved technology. To increase the effectiveness of extension agents, the number of demonstrations per VLEW would be limited to three. These demonstrations would focus on crop diversification and intensification. It is estimated each demonstration would not cost more than Rs.500 a year. The technologies to be popularized and the organization of individual demonstrations would be proposed in the annual plans to be approved by PCC.

31. To expand coverage the project would finance extension service into eight additional sub-divisions and provide vehicles for the Agricultural department and extension staff on a hire purchase arrangement under existing conditions and regulations. Also the project would encourage the use of existing Field Management Committees (FMC) as conduits of technology transfer to the farming community. The aim would be to provide incentives to VLEW to ensure their active participation in FMC meetings. It would also broaden the knowledge of VLEW to cover the basics of animal husbandry and fisheries so they could be introduce these enterprises into the farming systems. VLEW would function as contact persons for the subject matter specialists (SMS) of other line departments.

32. Also, the project would support demonstration of production technology (farm power and harvesting) on farmers fields, and post harvest technology (crop drying and storage). In addition to direct discussions at the FMC level the project would encourage the use of mass-media (radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, posters, pamphlets, etc.) for the distribution of information. To facilitate this approach the information section of the department of agriculture would be strengthened with appropriate equipment.

33. To equip the VLEW with basic training in these fields, training would be provided and support facilities increased on FTS for demonstration purposes. HoweveY to ensure success of the broad based extension approach regular consultation with other line departments would be encouraged. Since line departments intend to maintain their own extension system, their staff could become subject matter specialists and the VLEW would be the initial contact with the FMCs.

34. The project would pay special interest in promoting the role of women in the activities being supported. Funds would also be set aside to develop community based model schemes to involve women effectively. These would include building the capacity of rural women in organizing training in new farming technology. Women representatives would be allocated special places in all critical areas of decision making process in the designing and implementation of project activities. -193-

35. Seed Multiplication. The Assam Seed Corporation is primarily responsible for the production and supply of certified seed. However, the responsibility for the production of breeder seed lies with the Agricultural University and that for foundation seed is with the Department of Agriculture.

36. To promote private sector involvement in the production of foundation and certified seed, GOA would lease out at least five farms including: Mohokal, Gerua, Shillongani, Balijana and Krishnai to be supported under the project and agree to lease the remaining farms, in a phased manner. Lead farmers (registered seed growers) and private seed companies would be contracted to produce certified seed. At the same time, lead farmers' fields would be used as demonstration plots for extension purposes.

37. Land Administration. The Revenue Department would be responsible for implementing the above scheme. The land consolidation operation would involve land exchange, boundary adjustment and in unavoidable circumstances land acquisition and allotment to bring about compact holdings. Once consolidated, fragmentation of holdings in future would, to the extent possible, be kept in check through persuasive and legal measures embodied in the Assam Land Consolidation act of 1960.

38. Though the government is legally empowered to enforce the Act, implementing staff would be required first to convince farmers on the benefits of land consolidation and enlist their interest in the program. Only in exceptional cases would land acquisition become necessary. In such cases, adequate compensation would be provided. To minimize problems, beneficiaries would be encouraged to participate at every stage of the program; including planning, desigring and implementation of land consolidation. FMCs would be a useful vehicle to solicit the cooperation of prospective participants in the program.

39. The project would update the record of tenancy rights; convert annual pattas (land leases) into long term leases, currently 20 years, improve field irrigation and drainage system, and promote better land use for economic purpose. The responsibility for implementing the scheme would squarely lie with the Director of Land Requisition and Reforms under the Revenue Department and would be assisted by the Department of Agriculture, specially its engineering wing. Two committees would be created to monitor progress, and coordinate implementation. The committee at the district level would be headed by the Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup district, while the state level committee would be chaired by the Secretary (Revenue) with representatives of farmers, NGOs, and selected staff of the Departments of Agriculture and Extension.

40. Because of the pilot nature of the land consolidation program, it does not include cost recovery from farmers. Nevertheless the Land consolidation Act of 1960 provides for cost recovery of up-to 50 percent of the cost of land consolidation from benefiting farmers. Because the project includes computerization of records, land administration would be simplified greatly. This would be a necessary tool for land administration, including land reforms, revenue collection, resettlement, land regulation through quick access to accurate data. -194-

41. To supplement GOA's effort to computerize land records, currently supported by GOI in three districts, the project would assist in expanding and improving the system through additional training of revenue staff and a provision of computers and associated software for two additional districts, namely Darrang and Karimganj. However, before concrete plans can be made to include the component in the project, GOA would have to prepare a detailed proposal for Bank review. The proposal should include procedures to authenticate computer print outs and issue legally acceptable "pattas" to land holders which could be used to secure Bank loans for land development. Also, GOA would have to design guidelines for periodically up-dating the computerized land records. The objective should be to ensure that, the system renders accurate information.

Infrastructure Component

42. Irrigation Activities. Most of the irrigation schemes would be implemented by the Irrigation Department, except shallow tubewells (STWs) which would be handled by the Department of Agriculture. User groups would also be involved in the construction and operation and maintenance of the irrigation schemes. Both PWD and the engineering wing of DOA have the capacity to implement these schemes.

43. The Irrigation Department would undertake detailed field surveys and identify suitable locations using the agreed criteria for selection of potential irrigation schemes (Annex 9, Attachment 2). After which a short list would be prepared and discussed by potential user groups to establish their interest in implementing these schemes.

44. In the case of new STWs, the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) would be consulted to ensure a balanced ground water budget is maintained, through proper spacing between wells in the locations selected. The Regional Directorate of CGWB in Guwahati is already conducting detailed studies on recharge and well spacing requirements, which would be available prior to implementation as an integral part of the annual work plan (para 3.9). In the case of schemes for rehabilitation, a list would be prepared by the irrigation Department before final selection to analyze details such as: age, location, type of pumpset, well yield, average electric power supply, average utilization, farmers' willingness to run the diesel pumps, and existing crop yield.

45. Also, before construction of new and rehabilitation of existing deep tubewells and river-pumping schemes, farmers' interest and willingness to participate would be assessed by project staff. Tangible proof of farmers' commitment to the project would include their agreement to contribute up-to 30% of the cost , either in-cash or in-kind of the proposed investment. After rehabilitation of DTWs and river-pumping schemes by the project, GOA would transfer ownership to user groups established as associations or formally registered FMCs under the Societies Act.

46. To ensure proper operation and maintenance (O&M) of irrigation schemes, particularly those owned and operated by user groups, agreement to collect water charges from user group members would be one of the selection -195-

criteria for their participation. In the case of diesel-powered units, initial contribution equivalent to about 30% of the investment cost would be collected from the user groups and paid to the Irrigation Department. In the case of farmers using electric power for the DTWs and river-pumping schemes, the organization would pay the electricity charges directly to the ASEB.

47. The Irrigation Department would design a training program for farmers and user groups in the O&M of irrigation schemes. The training program would emphasize the importance of proper O&M of irrigation assets. Participation of NGOs in irrigation activities would be encouraged to ensure local ownership and sustainability of the investment in the long-run. Once suitable NGOs have been identified, they would be trained to coordinate implementation of irrigation activities between the Irrigation Department and farmer groups. They would also help in identifying potential farmer groups and guide them through their establishment as legal units under the Societies Act.

48. Because the success of irrigation activities would depend on the level of support and participation of the beneficiaries, establishment of a voluntary water users association for a particular scheme, with actual contribution towards the cost of construction, would be a pre-requisite for inclusion of such a scheme under the project. Full ownership with responsibilities for O&M of the irrigation schemes by beneficiaries would be explained clearly, preferably by NGOs, during the process of establishing water users associations.

49. Though ground water development is one of the important investment priorities of GOA due to its vast potential, it is important to follow certain standard norms/guidelines provided by GOA while installing the wells. Under normal circumstances, a spacing of 200 m between wells and in areas such as north of the Brahmaputra River is considered adequate. However, a wider spacing of 300 m would be suitable for moderate transmissivity resulting in higher draw downs. In locations characterized by low transmissivity, only STWs with low discharge design for a command area limited to about one hectare would be ideal.

50. In locations such as north of Brahmaputra River, twin-tube wells with a central pumping system would be implemented instead of conventional boring due to boulder formations even at shallow depths of 15 to 20 m below the surface. In the deeper zones, design of the tubewells would be primarily based on hydraulic conductivity.

51. Priority for STWs construction and installation of pumps would be given to individual farmers or user groups, depending on their willingness and capacity to implement the schemes. Otherwise the task would be contracted out, with the consent of the concerned beneficiaries. To ensure ease of operation and maintenance of STWs, the capacity of diesel pumps would be restricted to 20 horse power. The STW installation would be done with a combination of GI and PVC pipes. For example, for a STW with a depth of 30 meters, the combination could be: 3 meter GI pipe, 17 meters PVC pipe and 10 meters iron cum HDP strainer. -196-

52. Rural Roads. The sub-component would be implemented by both Public Works Department (PWD) and DRDA. The Chief Engineer of PWD would be responsible for overall supervision of implementation. To expedite completion, road construction would be undertaken by local private contractors. The sub-component would also include services of consultants to assist in the preparation of designs and drawings, supervision of construction contracts and training of staff. Contract management consultants would include: (a) Team Leader, (b) Quantity Surveyor, (c) Road Engineer, (d) Bridge Engineer and (e) Training Engineer; for the duration of the project. Consultants for planning and detail engineering services would include: Design and Soil Engineers for 36 man-months. Roads to be upgraded have been selected in significant-length stretches to facilitate tendering and contract supervision. Because more detailed work including designs, drawings and preparation of specifications and bidding documents for rural roads would be required before implementation starts, a realistic project implementation plan would be part of the annual work plan.

53. Most roads in the project area, especially Major District Roads (MDRs) and Ordinary District Roads (ODRs) would be constructed with a formation width (shoulder edge to shoulder edge) of 7.5 m and a carriageway width of 3.5 m. This cross-section would of sufficient width to be strengthened when traffic develops. Bituminous surfacing is not contemplated, although on environmental grounds it may be necessary to minimize dust in large settlements. However, for DRDA roads which pass through highly inhabited areas, the full 7.5 m formation may not be attainable. Under these circumstances the toe of embankments may be supported by small retaining walls, thus avoiding the need to take land and/or damage buildings.

54. Minor cross-drainage structures would be provided by single or multiple lines of 1 m diameter Class NP2 reinforced concrete pipes with head walls. The crossings of larger streams would be by means of slab culverts on mass abutments of bonded masonry carried down to suitable foundations. For river crossings, bridges would be designed in reinforced concrete and would be single lane for village roads, but double lane in the case of MDRs.

55. Because the condition of rural roads is deplorable especially during the monsoon season due to poor repair and maintenance, the consultants provided under the project to assist GOA prepare a road maintenance policy and financing plan should examine the possibility of mobilizing rural communities to provide labor input as "in-kind" tax. Also, centrally sponsored employment schemes could be tried for road repair and maintenance on a pilot basis in selected districts. For example, funds are allocated annually to DRDA for employment generating schemes, but no effort has been made to use these funds for road maintenance. Also the possibility of using taxes on fuel under the "central road funds", and market cess would be examined. I -197- Annex 14

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4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

ID N 1ae21044 aA22kal_ 137 Year 3

138 Year 4 Pow"_ 139 Year , 140 Yar 6 141 Year 7

142 Year A

143 Identify emmeficiexiea and Construct Yw shallow tuewlls 144 Year 1

145 Year 2

146 Year 3

141 Year 4 148 Year S

149 Year 6

ISO Year 7 151 Year A

152 IXtitutioma Devlogei t

153 Strengthen six Regional Research Stations under ASAI,

154 Eatablish Soil and Water Hanagment pilot projece |-___ _ ISI_ _ O 155 Pefurbish OSTC at Jorhat tor pre-srvice extension training

156 Refurbish ASAU facilLties for in-service extension training 157 Train farmers in animal and crop husbandry

158 tpgrade training facility at Naitoli ______| i 159 Extend coverage of Extension aervice to 8 sub-divisions 160 Support field Trial stations

161 improve extension information system

162 Strengthen breeder seed farms under ASAUi

163 Strengthen Foundaton and Certitfid Seed farms 164 Carry-out ceadastral surveys

165 Update lend records

166 Consolidate traesnted landholdings in 15 vi1l§es

P. sl strudurtXesnd Agrkulso! Swvt CJfC71 Poge__ Sw OVA: :2/Z235 Ncrkl am w *RUp O _ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a p5"

-202-

Annex 15

ASSAM RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

schedule of Project supervision

S-mester Expected Staff Requirements Staff Input (staff Weeks)

FY96 I Procurement 4 Disbursement Roads Engineer Finance/MIS specialist

FY 96 II Water Management Specialist 5 Anthropologist Environmentalist Fisheries Expert Agriculturalist

FY97 I Roads Engineer 4 Irrigation Engineer Economist WID Specialist

FY97 II Roads Engineer 4 Anthropologist Agriculturalist Water Management Specialist

FY98 I Economist 3 Agriculturalist Environmentalist

FY98 II Fisheries Expert 3 Horticulturalist Roads Engineer

FY99 I Anthropologist 4 Agriculturalist Water Management Specialist Roads Engineer/Procurement specialist

FY99 II (Mid-Term Review) 20 Fisheries Expert Roads Engineer Economist Anthropologist Environmentalist Agriculturalist Irrigation Engineer

FY00 I Economist 1 Roads Engineer

FY00 II HIS Specialist 2 WID Specialist Procurement specialist -203-

FY01 I Roads Engineer 4 Anthropologist Agriculturalist Water Management specialist

FY01 II Fisheries Expert 3 Horticulturalist Roads Engineer

FY02 I Economist 2 Roads Engineer

FY02 II Anthropologist 4 Agriculturalist Water Management Specialist Roads Engineer/Procurement FY03 I Economist 3 WID Specialist Roads Engineer

FY03 II Agriculturalist 5 Environmentalist Anthropologist MIS specialist Water Management specialist Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services project

Project Obiectives and Monitorable Indicators

Project Objectives | Activities Monitorable Indicators (a) Alleviate poverty, Better land and water use; increases in production and productivity of major improve equity and crops; nutrition crop diversification; farm income increases and additional employment farming systems approach; created assessed through farm budgets; establishment of FMC and rural income trends and changes through sample peoples participation in surveys selection, design and implementation of project activities

(b) Accelerate Strengthen technology changes in crop pattern and yield of crops, income agricultural growth generation and transfer generated as a result of spread of new technology; systems; privatization of seed industry and its impact, expand AI activities through a study; throughout the state; quantity, quality and impact of AI services; promote fisheries development, construct 800 ponds, 150 community tanks, and 50 beels; number and quality of fish production resources created, additional income generated, ownership promote horticultural and distribution arrangements established; development, strengthen 23 progeny orchards; number and quality of minor irrigation schemes, 0 additional benefits, beneficiary participation; X construct 1400 km of rural and roads and 282 bridges; O, distance and quality of rural roads constructed construct 15,000 STW, 320 and impact on rural marketing. DTW, 5 irrigation tanks and rehabilitate 150 RPS (c) Encourage Land consolidation-2500 area consolidated and benefits of land sustainability of ha; consolidation; resource use better land and water use- increases in yield of 23 pilot project areas and 5,400 ha impact in neighboring areas

(d) Improve GOA review policy matrix policy changes brought about and their impact on capacity for long-term periodically, implement public expenditure; planning and adjust at MTR; quality of annual plans; prepare annual plan to reflect policy changes and adequacy and effectiveness of MIS and M&E systems; coordinate project implementation; quality of staff training and impact on performance; establish PIU and other project management performance of innovative schemes; committees to improve project coordination and and involvement of beneficiaries in development involvement of activities beneficiaries;

set-up MIS and M&E and provide direction to project implementation; U

provide staff training and up-grade skills;

and introduce performance budget. -206-

Annex 17

Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project

Procedures and Guidelines for Resettlement

1. The project investments are not expected to displace any communities. However GOA may, in the interest of road realignment, construction of large fish ponds and irrigation tanks, consider volurtary resettlement of communities resident within the project area.

2. The preparation of a relocation plan that attempts to restore living standards, earning capacity and production levels of the displaced people, would include provision to: -

(a) assist the displaced people in the relocation move and provide support during the transition period in the new site;

(b) assist the displaced people in their efforts to improve their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least to.restore them. The project would give highest priority for inclusion of these people in the project activities in order to improve their incomes and resources.

3. The project would involve both settlers and hosts in designing the relocation plan of resettlement activities, and place special emphasis on:

(a) community participation in the planning and implementation of resettlement activities;

(b) establishment of social organizations and use of existing social and cultural institutions of settlers and hosts, as far as possible;

(c) measures to integrate re-settlers socially and economically into host communities, if applicable.

4. When displacement is unavoidable, a detailed resettlement plan should be prepared, with a time table and budget as required. Resettlement plans should be based on a strategy to improve or at least restore the economic base for those relocated. The content of the resettlement plans, should normally include a statement of objectives and policies and other features.

5. Prior to relocation, people should be provided with a compensation package of support for housing, village infrastructure, land and irrigation to compensate for lost assets. Compensation would be facilitated by:

(a) paying special attention to the adequacy of legal arrangements concerning land title, registration, and site occupation;

(b) publicizing among affected people to be displaced the laws and regulations governing relocation and compensation; -207-

(c) development of mechanisms to prevent illegal encroachment to take advantage of such benefits and to prevent nonresidents moving into those areas vacated by the oustees; and

(d) establishment of a simple grievance mechanism to resolve any dispute that may arise. -208-

Annex I18

Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Prolect

ENVIRONMENTALANALYSIS

Area Influenced by Prolect

1. Most of project activities would be limited to the plains areas of Assam. The area comprises 18 administrative Districts on the floor of the broad Bhramaputra valley, plus 3 administrative Districts in plains areas of the Barak River valley to the south, separated by 2 hill Districts of different environmental and ethnic characte~r. Project activities in these hill districts would be limited to horticultural production.

2. The project would include: (a) extension services for horticulture, fisheries, and livestock; (b) Institutional Development (technology generation and extension, seed multiplication and land administration, and planning and coordination); and (c) Infrastructure (irrigation and rural roads). With the exception of research, extension, seed multiplication and horticultural components, which are expected to influence fairly large areas, the proportion of land or water areas in the state likely to be affected by the remaining project activities is very small. The extension, research and seed multiplication activities are expected to result in intensification on land which is already in production, and will not require changes in land use.

Likely Environmental Impact of Project Activities, and Miticatina Measures if Reauired

Rice-based Farming Systems

3. The likely environmental impacts of proposed Project activities in rice-based agricultural systems are expected to be minimal. No new land will be brought under cultivation. Mechanization is not a primary objective of the Project, but if the use of farm machinery does increase as a consequence of Project activities, the machines will be relatively light-weight power tillers which are not likely to result in significant compaction of soil.

4. The use of artificial fertilizers is very low in Assam. Until 1989/90 the rate of consumption was about 6-7 kg/ha (compared to the national average of about 50 kg/ha and consumption in Punjab of about 150kg/ha). In 1990/91 the Department of Agriculture promoted the use of fertilizer and consumption rose to 11.4 kg/ha. Phosphatic and Potassic fertilizer were decontrolled in 1992/3, with the result that prices rose and consumption fell to an average of 8.5kg/ha. Artificial fertilizers are used mostly on rabi (dry season) crops. Consumption is not expected to increase greatly as a result of the Project.

5. The use of pesticides and herbicides is also low. The use averages less than one kilogram per hectare. The quantity consumed is not expected to change under the project. Herbicides are used mainly for demonstration -209-

purposes on direct-seeded autumn paddy. Consumption is not likely to increase greatly as a result of the Project. As a result project activities are unlikely to promote new agro-industries.

Horticulture

6. Similar arguments are applicable to the horticulture component of the project which will be directed toward domestic cultivation of a limited number of crops (pineapple, banana, citrus, arecanut, coconut) already present in the area. No new land or change of land use will be required. The use of pesticides (including fungicides) is currently low, but is likely to increase. However, the concepts of Integrated Pest Management have already been introduced into the area, and will continue to be promoted, as will education in the proper handling, disposal or recycling of pesticide containers, safe methods of spraying, and the use of protective clothing by extension workers. There is no general prophylactic use of pesticides in horticulture in Assam. As with rice the use of artificial fertilizer on horticultural crops is low. The use of compost and other natural fertilizers is and will continue to be advocated.

Livestock

7. The main environmental impact arising from the livestock component will be the possible conversion of small areas of waste land, or other land not currently under crops or permanent pasture to fodder production. Leguminous fodder crops will not require artificial fertilizer and could have beneficial effects on soil and soil conservation. Pressure from grazing will be reduced as more animals will be stall-fed. Production of manure from cattle may become more concentrated as the animals will be stall fed rather than grazed, and, while care will need to be taken that this does not create local pollution of surface water, and of human habitation areas, it will facilitate recycling of manure to fields and composting sites. The cattle population may actually decrease as the larger Jersey cross breeds increase in proportion to current unimproved animals, thus lessening pressure on grazing lands.

S. Increase in pig raising may be concentrated in tribal areas, where pigs are a prominent element in farming systems. Since pigs are traditionally housed close to human habitation hazards to human health could result. These could include increased risk of diarrhoeal diseases, and a suggested link between presence of pigs and occurrence of the serious disease Japanese encephalitis, which is endemic to Assam. Appropriate mitigating measures would include research (perhaps jointly between the Departments of Agriculture, Health, and the Tribal Research Institute) to determine the extent of the problem, and to find solutions involving the community in their own health management.

9. Intensification of production of poultry, ducks, or other small livestock is not likely to cause environmental problems provided they are not housed too close to human habitations, the environment is kept clean, and the -210-

manure they produce is recycled. In tea growing areas care should be taken that grass for animals is not cut from areas which may have been sprayed with pesticides.

Fisheries

10. The main environmental impacts likely to arise from fisheries are loss of existing habitat hence possible loss in biodiversity; and change in water quality through overloading with organic matter.

11. The Project proposes rehabilitation of existing fishing places rather than the creation of new ones. This will result in a change from wetland habitats to open water with balanced vegetation and fish life below the surface, some loss of existing habitats will occur. The proportion in the State overall will be small (2 per cent). It is proposed to rehabilitate so of the existing 906 beels (5 per cent), and 3 per cent of existing derelict tanks or ponds and swamps. Local changes are likely to occur in both resident and migratory wild life, e.g. the numbers of snakes, frogs and insects were reported as having declined in numbers at one rehabilitated fish pond. A counterbalancing positive benefit could be reduction in malaria and other insect- or water-borne diseases. A possible mitigating action would be to leave some existing vegetation untouched in the water body as wildlife refuges and genetic reservoirs. Care should also be taken to ensure that breeding areas for wild fish are not lost. Preliminary studies by professionals jointly with local community members should be made of each proposed rehabilitation site, and the environmental issues discussed with the community before any action is taken.

12. The second environmental concern is change in water quality in enclosed water bodies due to overloading with organic manure. The BOD will increase, which will affect the growth of fish and allow undesirable weeds, particularly water hyacinth, to grow, leading to eutrophication. So that farmers may monitor and control the water quality of their ponds the Project is proposing to provide analysis kits for water and soil to farmers, backed up by Government water and soil testing facilities through the area, and training in their use. Water hyacinth is a serious weed problem in water bodies throughout the State. Only mechanical means are currently used to remove it, and weed arresters are used to prevent its entry into fishing areas. No economically viable use has yet been found for water hyacinth, although studies to find utility for the bio-mass are being undertaken at the Regional Research center at Jorhat. On a broader scale water quality throughout the State needs to be protected against pollution from sewerage and industrial effluent. The Pollution Control Board monitors water quality and is empowered to discipline offenders. If called upon the PCB will assist the Department of Fisheries in this regard.

Minor Irrication

13. Environmental impacts from the irrigation component of the Project are not expected to be significant. The Project proposes to irrigate from new shallow tube wells or minor irrigation projects about 50,000 ha of formerly non-irrigated land and stabilize some deep tube wells commanding some 4500 ha. -211-

The withdrawal of more irrigation water is unlikely to deplete groundwater, since recharge greatly exceeds the rate of withdrawal. It may have positive benefits in countering the rising water table, thus lessening the problem of water-logging. Equally drainage of newly irrigated areas is not expected to be a problem, since farmers, (who will be managing their own projects) are unlikely to use excess water because they will be paying a charge for it. Since soils often are high in iron the groundwater also has a high iron content, and this could lead to land degradation and lower yields. Irrigation may have some effect on the quality of surface run-off water. The surface water schemes proposed under the Project are unlikely to submerge any habitats or cultivated lands.

Rural Roads

14. Since the roads program is comprised only of rehabilitation of existing roads no significant loss of agricultural land will be required. Bridge replacement and road surfacing will require aggregate from quarries or boulders. To avoid additional dust, noise, and visual pollution existing rather than new quarries should be used where possible, and quarry sites should be screened by trees or in other ways. If boulders must be extracted from river beds to prevent erosion of the bed they should be removed from shallow depths only. Regular removal of vegetation from around the piers of bridges should be undertaken before the wet season so that the free flow of water is not impeded. Flooding in the larger rivers is causing their beds to fill with silt and become raised, and the flood area to extend. Environmental awareness and education programs in the State generally should encourage reforestation of watersheds to counter this problem. A positive impact of the roads program will be improved mobility and access to market for farmers. Conversely, however, it will allow outsiders to enter districts which formerly have been less accessible, with possible social impacts.

Appointment of Environmental Scientist to Proiect Implementation Unit

15. It is proposed that an environmental scientist should be attached to the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to undertake the following tasks:

(a) screen all proposals for Project activities put forward from all components of the Project for potential environmental (including social) impact according to criteria given in paragraph 17 of the environmental analysis;

(b) make at least one field visit to the site of every proposed discrete activity and assess the likely environmental impact in consultation with the local community for every proposed activity specify appropriate mitigatory measures if required, and agree with the proposing agency on ways they can be implemented;

(c) set up appropriate monitoring systems to measure indicators of environmental change as required (e.g. water quality in fishponds; use of pesticides; equal participation of tribal people, etc.); -212-

(d) hold regular workshops/training sessions with Project staff, relevant staff of the division of the Department of Agriculture proposing the Project, and any NGO staff involved to discuss specific environmental issues arising from Project activities, and the results of monitoring activities; and

(e) provide reports at three-monthly intervals to the Project Coordination Committee and the Project Guidance Committee on the environmental health of the Project.

16. It is unlikely that a single individual will possess qualifications and experience in all the fields that may be required. A number of agencies in Assam have expressed willingness to assist in the environmental monitoring of the Project's activities. These include the Assam Science, Technology and Environment Council (which has particularly relevant competence in its Remote Sensing Division), the Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes, and the Pollution Control Board.

Prolect Activity Screenincr

17. Each proposed Project activity, (e.g. rehabilitation of a beel or existing fishpond or tank; decision for extension workers to advocate use of a particular pesticide in horticulture, advocation of new fodder production for livestock under a particular Field Management Group, selection of a particular site for the installation of a shallow tube well, replacement of bridge on a rural road, etc.) should be screened by the Environmental Scientist. The essential questions to be answered include whether the project activity would:

(a) result in a change of current land use;

(b) result in a loss of wildlife habitat in the local area;

(c) result in a change in water quality;

(d) increase the use of pesticides (including fungicides, herbicides, weedicides) in the local area;

(e) generate air or noise pollution;

(f) result in changes in the flow of rivers;

(g) result in social changes ( e.g. easier migration into a community); and

(h) result in changes which could affect the health of the community.

18. If the answer to any of these q(uestions is affirmative, the Environmental Scientist should specify appropriate mitigating measures. The Environmental Scientist will also be responsible for designing appropriate monitoring measures, and for arranging for either the appropriate officers of the Department of Agriculture or for outside Government or NGO agencies to execute the measures. As much as possible monitoring systems should include -213-

the local community, who should be encouraged to find innovative ways of participation. A simple Environmental Status form should be designed and completed for each Project activity. (An example is given in Annex B.)

Environmental Classification of Prolosed Prolect

The Project is assessed as Categorv B, for the following reasons: (a) overall the project will affect a very small proportion of the cultivable land and water areas of the State

(b) the development of rice-based farming systems and horticulture will not require any additional land or result in significant change in land use; nor are they likely to reduce biological diversity; the use of artificial fertilizer is already much lower than the national level and is not expected to rise significantly overall, while the use of natural fertilizers will continue to be encouraged; the use of pesticides is already lower than national levels, and while some use of pesticides may be required by the horticultural component, Integrated Pest Management is already known in the area and will continue to be promoted by the Project.

(c) the development of livestock may require conversion of small areas (less than 1 per cent of Plains land area) from wasteland or other uses to fodder production, but the use of leguminous fodder crops may improve soil quality and assist soil conservation; pressure on grazing lands may be reduced; housing of pigs near humans should be monitored for disadvantageous health effects

(d) the development of fisheries will result in loss of existing wildlife habitat in no more than 2 per cent of total water area in the State; changes in water quality will be monitored

(e) minor irrigation will affect only 1 percent of the total Plains land area, will not deplete groundwater resources, and may help counter waterlogging of soils

(f) development of rural roads will not require land acquisition or disturb drainage patterns; dust and noise pollution from quarries will be monitored and minimized; as will boulder extraction from riverbeds if necessary; improved mobility and access will be positive benefits for local residents but will allow easier access of outsiders -214-

Annex 19

ASSAM RTJRAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES PROJECT

Documents Available in the Project File

1. Study on Current Policy Framework (Study # l)-Denartment of Agriculture, GOA

2. Executive Summary for three Studies-Tata Consultancy Services (a) Public Expenditure (Study # 2) (b) Agricultural Sector Corporations (Study # 4) (c) Marketing and Infrastructure (Study # 8)

3. Main Report-Aqricultural Finance Corooration (a) Seeds Fertilizers and Rural Credit (Study # 3) (b) Financial Status of Agricultural Research (Study # 5) (c) Government Organizations and the Planning Process (Study # 6) (d) Natural Resource Base and Demographic Characteristics (Study # 7)

4. Preliminary Study of Rice-Based Farming Systems-Constraints and Suggestions for Improving Productivity and Land use-Dr. E.A. Sidia

5. Agricultural Development Project Strategy Paper-Government of Assam

6. Survey of Farm Situation and Farmers Perception of Agricultural Development (Assam) in three Volumes-Assam Administrative College

7. Assam Agricultural Development Project Investment Proposals- Government of Assam

8. Agricultural Status of Assam-Directorate of Agriculture, GOA 1992/93

9. A Brief Survey of the Economy of Assam 1991/92-Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GOA

10. Economic Survey Assam 1989/90-Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GOA

11. Assam Agricultural Development Project Preparation Documents

(a) Fisheries Development

(b) Livestock Development Component (Two Volumes)

(c) Roads Network

(d) NGOs/Beneficiary Involvement, Environmental Assessment, Gender Issues, Indigenous People -2 15-

(e) Horticultural Development

(f) Ground Water Development

12. Government of Assam Project Report on Land Development for Agriculture and Allied Agricultural Activities at Anair, Badriar and Saddamer Haorar Eas in Karimganj District

13. Annual Report 1991/92-Revenue. Recistration and Relief and Rehabilitation Departments, GOA

14. Annual Report 1992/93-Soil Conservation Department, GOA