This Entire Document
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
KNCQ(FM) / KHRD(FM) / KESR(FM) / KEWB(FM) / KKXS(FM) Redding, California EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT August 1, 2019 Through July 31, 2020
KNCQ(FM) / KHRD(FM) / KESR(FM) / KEWB(FM) / KKXS(FM) Redding, California EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT August 1, 2019 through July 31, 2020 RECRUITMENT SOURCES USED FOR FULL-TIME VACANCIES Appendix A includes a list of recruitment sources, indicating name, address, contact person and telephone number of each. Sources with an asterisk (*) denote organizations that have requested notification of all full-time job vacancies. FULL-TIME POSITIONS FILLED; RECRUIT SOURCES USED Traffic 1 Coordinator (#1, #2, #6, #23, #24) [Hire # 24] Chief Engineer (#1, #2, #6, #13, #16, #22) [Hire # 22] Traffic 1 Coordinator (#1, #2, #6, #7, #8, #23, #24) [Hire # 8] Chief Operator (#1, #2, #8, #12, #14, #16, #17, #20, #22, #24) [Hire #12] TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS FOR FULL-TIME POSITION 27 Interviews NUMBER OF REFERRALS FROM SOURCES USED #1 (0 person), #2 (3 persons) #6 (2 persons) #7 (9 persons) #8 (1 persons) #12 (3 persons) #13 (1 person) #14 (0 persons) #16 (1 persons) #17 (0 person) #20 (1 persons) #22 (3 persons) #23 (3 persons) #24 (54 persons) Appendix A MASTER LIST OF RECRUITMENT SOURCES (An asterisk (*) after the source denotes organizations that requested notification of full-time job vacancies.) No. Source (name, address, contact No. Source (name, address, contact person, person, telephone) telephone) 1. Results Radio, LLC Websites 13. AllAccess.com Ron Castro, 1355 N. Dutton Ave. (Web-site posting form) Santa Rosa CA 707-546-9185 2. California Broadcasters Association 14. Mighty Recruiter Dot Com Mark Powers, 915 L Street, #1150 Sacramento, CA 95814 916-444- 2237 3. Ohlone College Office of Transfer 15. -
Orange Orange Cove Orcutt Orland Oroville Oxnard Pacific Grove Palm
KWIE Urban Contemporary [Repeats: KDAY 93.5] 93.5 5000w -131ft DA Oxnard Palm Desert «Magic Broadcasting, Inc. KOXR Ranchero KHCS Contemporary Christian I Religious Teaching* Sister to: KDAY 910 5000 / 1000 DA-2 91.7 960w 574ft 323-337-1600 fax: 323-337-1633 +Lazer Broadcasting Corp. Prairie Ave. Gospel Center 5055 Wilshire Blvd Ste 720, Los Angeles 90036 Sister to: KLJR-F, KXLM GM Kimberly Fletcher SM Karla Santos 760-864-9620 fax: 760-864-9633 805-240-2070 fax: 805-240-7658 PD Theo Mizuhara CE Larry Slover PO Box 2507, Palm Springs 92263 200 S A St Ste 400,93030 www.935kday.com 2341 N Duane Rd, Palm Springs 92262 GM Alicia Miranda SM Terry Janisch GM/PD Dan Pike Riverside/San Bernardino Market PD Salvador Prieto CE Ralph Jones www.joy92.org Oxnard/VenturaArbitron 0.9 Shr 500AQH Palm Springs/indio Market Orange Palm Springs CA Fail 07 Eastlan 0.7 KCRU News I Variety*"" [Repeats: KCRW 89.9] 0 KLAA Sports / Talk" 89.1 850w 853ft DA KEZN Soft AC 830 50000/20000 DA-N +Santa Monica Community College 103.1 1900w 590ft LAA 1 LLC 310-450-5183 fax:310-450-7172 +CBS Radio, Inc. 714-940-2500 fax: 714-940-2589 1900 Pico Blvd, Santa Monica 90405 760-340-9383 fax: 760-340-5756 2000 Gene Autry Way, Anaheim 92806 GM/PD Ruth Seymour SM David Kleinbart 72915 Parkview Dr, 92260 GM/SM Dennis Kuhl PD/CE Paul Sakrison CE Steve Herbert GM Kevin Murphy SM Doug Kratky www.am830klaa.com www.kcrw.com PD Rick Shaw CE Phil Vaughn Anaheim/Santa Ana(Orange County) Market Oxnard/Ventura Market www.ez103.com 2nd market Los Angeles Palm Springs/indio Arbitron 3.3 Shr 1700 AQH KDAR Religious Teaching Palm Springs CA Fall 07 Eastlan 3.2 98.3 150ÜW 1289ft Orange Cove +Salem Communications Corp. -
2014 Annual Report
2O14 The National Cooperative Business Association • CLUSA International ANNUAL REPORT 2O14 ANNUAL REPORT 2 Message from the President & CEO and Chair 6 Association Services 9 Membership 10 Cooperative Business Associations 12 Advocacy 13 Conferences 17 Thought Leadership 22 International Program 26 A Success Story 28 Project Profiles 40 Impact Statement 42 Donors and Partners 44 Financials 44 Financial Report 46 Audit Report 48 Board of Directors 1 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT & CEO AND CHAIRMAN H ow do we best build a cooperative future? We begin by being relevant. Relevance is defined as “being important to the matter at hand.” For NCBA CLUSA, relevance means being important to cooperatives, cooperators, and an entire movement that is united by 7 cooperative principles. NCBA CLUSA continues to be the leading organization that bridges the multiple cooperative sectors together. Cooperative principle six, cooperation among cooperatives, is the driving force for this activity, which the leadership of the organization has defined as convening. By convening important and necessary parties, organizations, and cooperative leaders, together we can respond and meet the challenges and needs of consumers through a unified cooperative movement. In 2014, NCBA CLUSA continued to build a cooperative future and lead the cooperative sectors forward by putting special emphasis on its relevance through leadership in finance, domestic, and international work. 2 FINANCE DOMESTIC The cooperative business model has strong legislative and regulatory under- This annual report is a reflection of the NCBA CLUSA’s domestic agenda is pinnings within the credit union, rural significant and powerful work to restore focused on building, promoting and electric and agricultural sectors across full and financial health to a storied protecting the cooperative business the country. -
Exhibit 2181
Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 131 Filed 03/23/20 Page 1 of 4 Electronically Filed Docket: 19-CRB-0005-WR (2021-2025) Filing Date: 08/24/2020 10:54:36 AM EDT NAB Trial Ex. 2181.1 Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 131 Filed 03/23/20 Page 2 of 4 NAB Trial Ex. 2181.2 Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 131 Filed 03/23/20 Page 3 of 4 NAB Trial Ex. 2181.3 Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 131 Filed 03/23/20 Page 4 of 4 NAB Trial Ex. 2181.4 Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 132 Filed 03/23/20 Page 1 of 1 NAB Trial Ex. 2181.5 Exhibit 2181 Case 1:18-cv-04420-LLS Document 133 Filed 04/15/20 Page 1 of 4 ATARA MILLER Partner 55 Hudson Yards | New York, NY 10001-2163 T: 212.530.5421 [email protected] | milbank.com April 15, 2020 VIA ECF Honorable Louis L. Stanton Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse 500 Pearl St. New York, NY 10007-1312 Re: Radio Music License Comm., Inc. v. Broad. Music, Inc., 18 Civ. 4420 (LLS) Dear Judge Stanton: We write on behalf of Respondent Broadcast Music, Inc. (“BMI”) to update the Court on the status of BMI’s efforts to implement its agreement with the Radio Music License Committee, Inc. (“RMLC”) and to request that the Court unseal the Exhibits attached to the Order (see Dkt. -
CITY of CHICO BIDWELL PARK and PLAYGROUND COMMISSION (BPPC) Regular Meeting Agenda August 29, 2016, 6:30 Pm Municipal Center - 421 Main Street, Council Chamber
Public Works Department, Park Division Agenda Prepared: 8/23/2016 411 Main Street Agenda Posted: 8/24/2016 (530) 896-7800 Prior to: 5:00 p.m. CITY OF CHICO BIDWELL PARK AND PLAYGROUND COMMISSION (BPPC) Regular Meeting Agenda August 29, 2016, 6:30 pm Municipal Center - 421 Main Street, Council Chamber Materials related to an item on this Agenda are available for public inspection in the Park Division Office at 411 Main Street during normal business hours or online at http://www.chico.ca.us/. 1. REGULAR COMMISSION MEETING 1.1. Call to Order 1.2. Roll Call 2. CONSENT AGENDA All matters listed under the Consent Agenda are to be considered routine and enacted by one motion. 2.1. Approve Meeting Minutes Action: Approve minutes of BPPC held on 07/25/16. 2.2. Approve Permit for a Wedding In Middle Bidwell Park (6/10/17) Applicant (Maria Cox) requests a reservation for the picnic area on the north side of the 5-Mile Recreation Area for a wedding. The event requires BPPC consideration as the reservation is in an area not designated for exclusive use (reservation area). Recommendation: Approve permit with conditions. 2.3. Approve Pumpkin Head Contest at City Plaza (10/14/16) Applicant (Jon Graham, Results Radio) is requesting a permit to hold the annual Pumpkin Head Contest in City Plaza. This is the 20th year for this event, the forth in City Plaza. The event requires BPPC consideration as the reservation is for more than 10 hours in length. Recommendation: Approve permit with conditions. -
2009 FEEABLE FCC FY 2009 REGU Facility FY 2009 Call Sign Facility
2009_FEEABLE_FCC FY 2009 REGULATORY FEES FOR AM & FM RADIO STATIONS Facility FY 2009 Call Sign Facility Id. Service Class Status Fee Code Fee DKCEG 135885 AM B CPOFF 0915 400 DKJJL 129604 AM B CPOFF 0915 400 DKJME 135886 AM B CPOFF 0915 400 KAAA 55492 AM C LICEN 0929 500 KAAB 39607 AM D LICEN 0936 875 KAAK 63872 FM C1 LICEN 0949 2725 KAAM 17303 AM B LICEN 0980 6475 KAAN 31004 AM D LICEN 0935 575 KAAN-FM 31005 FM C2 LICEN 0947 825 KAAP 63882 FM A LICEN 0942 1325 KAAQ 18090 FM C1 LICEN 0947 825 KAAR 63877 FM C1 LICEN 0948 1450 KAAT 8341 FM B1 LICEN 0942 1325 KAAY 33253 AM A LICEN 0921 4400 KABC 33254 AM B LICEN 0980 6475 KABD 164222 FM C1 CPOFF 0916 650 KABG 44000 FM C LICEN 0950 3550 KABI 18054 AM D LICEN 0935 575 KABQ 65394 AM B LICEN 0927 3500 KABQ-FM 65704 FM C1 LICEN 0950 3550 KABW 164150 FM A LICSL 0941 650 KABX-FM 41173 FM B LICEN 0949 2725 KABZ 60134 FM C LICEN 0951 5225 KACE 160321 AM C CPOFF 0915 400 KACH 74476 AM C LICEN 0929 500 KACI 49857 AM D LICEN 0935 575 KACI-FM 49856 FM C2 LICEN 0948 1450 KACL 15967 FM C1 LICEN 0949 2725 KACO 70015 FM C3 LICEN 0941 650 KACQ 16297 FM A LICEN 0941 650 KACT 74562 AM B LICEN 0923 550 KACT-FM 74560 FM A LICEN 0941 650 KACY 77876 FM A LICEN 0941 650 KACZ 88543 FM C3 LICEN 0942 1325 KADD 72528 FM C LICEN 0948 1450 KADI 34563 AM C LICEN 0932 1500 KADI-FM 60709 FM A LICEN 0944 2800 KADL 88537 FM A LICEN 0941 650 KADQ-FM 164152 FM C2 LICSL 0947 825 KADR 16782 AM C LICEN 0929 500 KADS 29030 AM C LICEN 0929 500 KAEH 3727 FM A LICEN 0944 2800 KAFE 58886 FM C LICEN 0950 3550 KAFF 25694 AM D LICEN 0937 -
MULTIPLE OWNRSHIP SHOWING Independence Rock Media, LLC
INDEPENDENCE ROCK MEDIA, LLC KEGE(FM)/KHEX(FM) ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE APPLICATION DECEMBER, 2020 MULTIPLE OWNRSHIP SHOWING Independence Rock Media, LLC (IRM) has reached agreements with the widow of the late broadcaster Tom F. Huth to acquire a total of nine primary broadcast stations that operate in four separate markets: Red Bluff-Gerber, California (Tehama County): 1. KBLF(AM), Red Bluff, California, FIN 48853 2. KRAC(AM), Red Bluff, California, FIN 54978 3. KTOR(FM), Gerber, California, FIN 82891 Susanville, California (Lassen County): 1. KAJK(FM), Susanville, California, FIN 162465 2. KGXX(FM), Susanville, California, FIN 183357 3. KLZN(AM), Susanville, California, FIN 160277 Hamilton City-Concow, California (Glenn and Butte Counties): 1. KHEX(FM), Concow, California, FIN 31618 2. KEGE(FM), Hamilton City, California, FIN 164155 Willows, California (Glenn County): 1. KIQS(AM), Willows, California, FIN 34941 There is attached as Figure A a map of northern California prepared by engineering consultant Kevin Youngers of Greeley, Colorado which shows the city- Page 1 of 4 grade contours of these nine stations, that shows the four separate market areas. Tehama, Lassen and Glenn Counties are outside Nielsen rated “radio metro markets”. Butte County is in the Nielsen-defined Chico, California radio metro market. The Hamilton City-Concow market appears to implicate both methods of determining a radio market under FCC rules and policies. Neither KEGE nor KHEX appears to have a city-grade contour which includes the city of Chico, and KHEX is licensed to Hamilton City, which is in Glenn County, which is believed not to be in any Nielsen-radio market. -
One /Ea. 0 Vad 4 Gmwcae4 Ave4.4
NOVEMBER 17, 1947 PRICE 20 CENTS AT LAST One /ea.0 vad 4 gmwCae4 ave4.4 7Z&4ieta#zdaoCØizde&ea FOR THE WHOLE STORY TURN TO PAGES 36 & 37 KMBC KFRM of Kansas City for Kansas Farm Coverage FREE & PETERS, INC. oe-) STAR ATHLETE AL MIDWEST'S FIRST RADIO SPORTS AUTHORITY AND ... KRRT HAS HIM! COUPPEE His rich all-around athletic experience and background gave "Iron Man" Al Couppee an immedi- ate, tremendous radio audience. Al quarterbacked Iowa U's famous Iron Men team of 1939 NEW KRNT starred on three top Navy Training School grid teams ... was recent Washington Red. SPORTS DIRECTOR skin stalwart , .. a 1942 Golden Gloves champion. Add him to the growing parade Al Couppee knows the game -ALL games. Mention any sport and he's starred in it- amateur, of pro and semipro ... football, basketball, baseball, boxing, swimming, track, hockey. AND - highly Hoopered KRNT personalities. On the air as in athletics Al Couppee is convincing! MEN WHO KNOW SAY: "KRNT and Al Couppee are very fortunate. I've "Al Couppee is so well informed about the fine always considered Al a young man of exceptional points and techniques of all games that he'll give . Al Couppee, one of America's great football ability. Am confident he will do a swell job." his audience accurate, interesting accounts. Will players, certainly should be one of America's best be a pleasure to work with him and say 'he repre sports announcers." EDDIE ANDERSON, Head Football Coach, U. of Iowa sents the Register 8 Tribune station'." HARRY WISMER, ABC Network SE( TAYLOR, Sports Editor, Des Moines Reg. -
Affiliate List
AFFILIATE LIST DMA STATION FREQUENCYFORMAT National AFN National NCNN 001 New York WDBY-FM 105.5 Country 001 New York WINE-AM 940 All Sports 001 New York WRKI-FM 95.1 Classic Rock 001 New York WALL-AM 1340 Classic Hits 001 New York WBAB-FM 102.3 Classic Rock 001 New York WBLI-FM 106.1 Pop Contemporary Hit Radio 001 New York WDLC-AM 1490 Country AFN (American 001 New York WHFM-FM 95.3 Classic Rock Forces Network) 001 New York WJJF-FM 94.9 News Talk Information is a worldwide, 001 New York WJRZ-FM 100.1 Classic Hits satellite-delivered, 001 New York WMGQ-FM 98.3 Adult Contemporary radio network 001 New York WPAT-AM 930 Ethnic reaching 1.2 001 New York WYNY-AM 1450 Adult Contemporary million American 002 Los Angeles KTOX-AM 1340 Talk/Personality service men and women and their 002 Los Angeles KTOX-FM 104.1 Talk/Personality families stationed 002 Los Angeles KTPI-FM 97.7 Country at bases, 002 Los Angeles KVTA-AM 1590 News Talk Information embassies and 003 Chicago WAIT-AM 850 Spanish Religious consulates in 003 Chicago WCCQ-FM 98.3 Country more than 177 003 Chicago WCGO-AM 1590 Talk/Personality countries and 200 003 Chicago WCPT-AM 820 Talk/Personality ships at sea. 003 Chicago WCPT-FM 92.5 Talk/Personality 003 Chicago WCPY-FM 92.7 Variety 003 Chicago WDRV-FM 97.1 Classic Rock 003 Chicago WEEF-AM 1430 World Ethnic 003 Chicago WERV-FM 95.9 Classic Hits 003 Chicago WIMS-AM 1420 News Talk Information 003 Chicago WJOB-AM 1230 News Talk Information 003 Chicago WKTA-AM 1330 World Ethnic 003 Chicago WLIT-FM 93.9 Adult Contemporary 003 Chicago WNDZ-AM 750 Variety 003 Chicago WPJX-AM 1500 Spanish Contemporary 003 Chicago WSBC-AM 1240 Variety NCNN (The 003 Chicago WSHE-FM 100.3 Adult Contemporary North Carolina 003 Chicago WWDV-FM 100.1 Classic Rock News Network) 003 Chicago WXNU-FM 106.5 New Country has been a 004 Philadelphia WPGG-AM 1450 News Talk Information trusted news 004 Philadelphia WSJO-FM 104.9 Hot Adult Contemporary source for North 004 Philadelphia WBEN-FM 95.7 Adult Hits Carolinans since 004 Philadelphia WDOV-AM 1410 News Talk Information 1942. -
Radio Health Journal Report For
RADIO HEALTH JOURNAL AFFILIATE LIST Q4 2019 DMA STATION FREQUENCYFORMAT National AFN National NCNN 001 New York WDBY-FM 105.5 Country 001 New York WINE-AM 940 All Sports 001 New York WRKI-FM 95.1 Classic Rock 001 New York WALL-AM 1340 Classic Hits 001 New York WBAB-FM 102.3 Classic Rock 001 New York WBLI-FM 106.1 Pop Contemporary Hit Radio 001 New York WCHR-AM 1040 Religious AFN (American 001 New York WDLC-AM 1490 Country Forces Network) 001 New York WHFM-FM 95.3 Classic Rock is a worldwide, 001 New York WJJF-FM 94.9 News Talk Information satellite-delivered, 001 New York WJRZ-FM 100.1 Classic Hits radio network 001 New York WMGQ-FM 98.3 Adult Contemporary reaching 1.2 001 New York WPAT-AM 930 Spanish Contemporary million American 001 New York WYNY-AM 1450 Adult Contemporary service men and women and their 002 Los Angeles KTOX-AM 1340 Talk/Personality families stationed 002 Los Angeles KTPI-FM 97.7 Country at bases, 002 Los Angeles KVTA-AM 1590 News Talk Information embassies and 003 Chicago WCCQ-FM 98.3 Country consulates in 003 Chicago WCGO-AM 1590 Talk/Personality more than 177 003 Chicago WCPT-AM 820 Talk/Personality countries and 200 003 Chicago WCPY-FM 92.7 Variety ships at sea. 003 Chicago WDRV-FM 97.1 Classic Rock 003 Chicago WEEF-AM 1430 World Ethnic 003 Chicago WERV-FM 95.9 Classic Hits 003 Chicago WIMS-AM 1420 News Talk Information 003 Chicago WJOB-AM 1230 News Talk Information 003 Chicago WKTA-AM 1330 World Ethnic 003 Chicago WLIT-FM 93.9 Adult Contemporary 003 Chicago WNDZ-AM 750 Variety 003 Chicago WPJX-AM 1500 Spanish Contemporary -
DOC-309139A1.Pdf
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION FACT SHEET FY 2011 AM & FM RADIO STATION REGULATORY FEES Class of Fac. Id. Call Sign Licensee Name Service 84272 961115MD NORTHERN LIGHTS BROADCASTING, L.L.C. FM 87880 970724NE PAMPA BROADCASTERS INC FM 88463 970925MP KRJ COMPANY FM 89133 971022MC GEORGE S. FLINN, JR. FM 160321 DKACE INTERMOUNTAIN MEDIA, LLC AM 164193 DKAHA SOUTH TEXAS FM INVESTMENTS, LLC FM 164213 DKANM TANGO RADIO, LLC FM 166076 DKBWT MAGNOLIA RADIO CORPORATION FM 83886 DKCHC PACIFIC SPANISH NETWORK, INC. FM 33725 DKCLA M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. AM 161165 DKDAN INTERMOUNTAIN MEDIA, LLC AM 129546 DKEWA KM COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AM 170947 DKGQQ KEMP COMMUNICATIONS, INC. FM 165974 DKHES INNOVATED FACILITY SOLUTIONS, INC. FM 160322 DKIFO INTERMOUNTAIN MEDIA, LLC AM 170990 DKIXC NOALMARK BROADCASTING CORPORATION FM 164216 DKKUL-FM TANGO RADIO, LLC FM 164214 DKNOS TANGO RADIO, LLC FM 4236 DKOTN M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. AM 52619 DKPBQ-FM M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. FM 86857 DKRKD M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. FM 170967 DKRKP JER LICENSES, LLC FM 164191 DKTSX SOUTH TEXAS FM INVESTMENTS, LLC FM 70630 DKTTL W.H.A.M. FOR BETTER BROADCASTING, INC. FM 164197 DKXME SOUTH TEXAS FM INVESTMENTS, LLC FM 33726 DKZYP M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. FM 16551 DKZYQ M.R.S. VENTURES, INC. FM 160230 DNONE NORTH STAR BROADCASTING PARTNERS, LLC AM 160392 DNONE TONOPAH RADIO, LLC AM 48759 DWCMA PERIHELION GLOBAL, INC. AM 2297 DWCRW NATIONS RADIO, LLC AM 46952 DWCUG MULLIS COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AM 160767 DWDME WIRELESS FIDELITY OF NORTH AMERICA, INC. AM 71349 DWDOD WDOD OF CHATTANOOGA, INC. -
Hi-Fi Listeners, Media People and Hobbyists
15th Edition By Bruce F Elving 92 96 100 104 106 108 A guide for travelers, hi-fi listeners, media people and hobbyists www.americanradiohistory.com www.americanradiohistory.com FM Atlas FIFTEENTH EDITION By Bruce F. Elving, Ph.D CONTENTS: FMusings .. 2 Key to Symbols 8 FMaps (FM Atlas) 9 Station Directory, Part I (FM Stations by geography) 112 FM Translators [and Boosters] 149 Station Directory, Part II (by frequency) 158 Sixteenth Edition Notify Coupon 208 Copyright © Bruce F. Elving, 1993 International Standard Book Number: 0-917170-11-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 93-073543 FM Atlas Publishing Box 336 Esko MN 55733-0336, U. S. A. Historic Address: Adolph MN 55701-0024, U. S. P. www.americanradiohistory.com FMusings Duopolies Continue to Threaten FM Diversity New rules of the Federal Communications Commission are now in place, solidly legitimizing radio duopolies. Duopolies are common ownerships of two or more FM stations in the same city or market. They started on Long Island, with WWHB 107.1 Hampton Bays NY rebroadcasting almost all the programming of WNEW-FM 102.7 New York-in what the industry now called an "LMA," Local Marketing Agreement. A station which may not be doing well financially turns to another to either program it, represent it in advertising sales, or a combination of the two. Once frowned upon by a more paternalistic FCC, many LMAs have grown into full-fledged duopolies, where ownerships of two or more stations are integrated. This results in economies of scale to the licensee, but reduced employment opportunities for announcers, engineers and sales reps.