American First Ladies

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AMERICAN FIRST LADIES Their Lives and Their Legacy edited by LEWIS L. GOULD GARLAND PUBLISHING, INC. NewYork S^London 1996 Contents Acknowledgments Introduction:The First Lady as Symbol and Institution Lewis L. Gould MarthaWashington 2 Patricia Brady Abigail Adams 16 Phyllis Lee Levin Dollej Madison 45 Holly Cowan Shulman Elizabeth Monroe 69 Julie K. Fix Louisa Adams 80 Lynn Hudson Parsons CONTENTS Anna Harrison 98 Nancy Beck Young LetitiaTyler 109 Melba Porter Hay Julia Tyler 111 Melba Porter Hay Sarah Polk 130 Jayne Crumpler DeFiore Margaret Taylor 145 Thomas H. Appleton Jr. Abigail Eillmore 154 Kristin Hoganson Jane Pierce 166 Debbie Mauldin Cottrell Mary Todd Lincoln 174 Jean H. Baker Eliza Johnson 191 Nancy Beck Young CONTENTS Julia Grant 202 John Y. Simon Lucy Webb Hayes 216 Olive Hoogenboom Lucretia Garfield 230 Allan Peskin Frances Folsom Cleveland 243 Sue Severn Caroline Scott Harrison 260 Charles W. Calhoun Ida Saxton McKinley 211 JohnJLeJfler Edith Kermit Roosevelt 294 Stacy A. Cordery Helen Herr on Toft 321 Stacy A. Cordery EllenAxsonWilson 340 Shelley Sallee CONTENTS Edith BollingWilson 355 Lewis L. Gould Florence Kling Harding 368 Carl Sferrazza Anthony Grace Goodhue Coolidge 384 Kiistie Miller Lou Henry Hoover 409 Debbie Mauldin Cottrell J Eleanor Roosevelt 422 Allida M. Black Bess Truman 449 Maurine H. Beasley Mamie Eisenhower 463 Martin M. Teasley Jacqueline Kennedy 416 Betty Boyd Caroli Lady Bird Johnson 496 Lewis L. Gould CONTENTS Patricia Nixon 520 Carl SJerrazza Anthony Betty Ford 536 John Pope Rosalynn Carter 556 Kathy B. Smith Nancy Reagan 583 James G. Benzejr. Barbara Bush 608 Myra Gutin Hillary Rodham Clinton 630 ^ Lewis L. Gould 65 1 AppendixA-.The Siena College First Lady Polls, 1982, 1993 65 5 Appendix B: Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-1994 6JJ7 Contributors 663 Portrait Credits 665 Index • ix •.

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