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Conference on the Canadaian Shrimp Fishery

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Conference on the Canadaian Shrimp Fishery ideen Size Top and Bottom Wedges 15th 1-3/4" 36th ]IL Headrope: 34'9" Polydacron Rope 3/8" Diameter Footrope: 35'7" Polyduron Rope 3/8" Diameter Chainrope: Same as Footrope Twine: Nylon Floats: Two 8" Diameter, Four 5" Diameter, Four Gill Net Floats Chain: 3/16" Dlameter 13 Links to 8" of Footrope Wood: Hard Pine Oak 1" Thick Chain Brackets 3/16" Diameter Galvanized Chain I2-^.. L- 1/2" Door Weigtt Dry: 70 Pounds 18 Linl^ 25 Links Headrope: 66' 18" Footrope: 74' ^ 16 Llnks 23 Links Floats: Twenty-two to twenty-six 8" diameter floats Rollers: 14" diametér rollers on bosom z-1 2" ^- J2-1/2" Mesh Size: 2" stretched mesh wings and bellies 1-7/8" stretched mesh extension and cod end I I II 2-1/2" 2-1/2•, FIG. 18 Semi-balloon trawl. F I G. 19 Smal I boat trawl. Mr. Bruce 273 BCF GLOUCESTER TRAWL SHRIMP HEADROPE FOOTROPE Wing 27' Wing 30.5' Wing 27' Wing 30.5' Bosom 14' Bosom 12' Total 68' Total 73' Mesh Size Top --4— tvedge Bottom T Selvedge 14' T 14' I 1 2' 21th 2' 21th + 36th 280bd Top and Bottom Twine: Polyethylene throughout except for nylon cod end Wings Floats: Twenty-four 8-inch diameter floats evenly spaced Rollers: 14-inch diameter bosom rollers, 9-inch diameter i wing rouera FIG. 20 4-seam trawl. 274 CONFERENCE ON THE CANADIAN SHRIMP FISHERY FIG. 21 Shrimp pot designed in Maine showing entrance slot on top, cement ballast, bait string and bridles, pounds of shrimp were landed in two months. Along with production. Thoughts about increasing production are the above-mentioned lobsterman, two other small boat presently under consideration that would use larger vessels fishermen from Maine have been working with pots made with refrigeration equipment, graders, cookers and packaging from designs used in Alaska. The future of pots in the hard or boxing equipment. These larger vessels will make untrawlable bottom along the coast and possibly in the extended trips and work on shrimp beds not presently offshore waters denied to trawlers is no farther away than fished by the fleet in addition to presently worked grounds. the coming season. Reports of activities along the coast This was briefly attempted in Gloucester this year but was gearing up for shrimp pot fishing are numerous. State abandoned due to technical difficulties. It is reasonable to extension service work with pots is underway in Maine. assume that the activity will be undertaken again. Feelings are high that another viable shrimp catching method will soon be employed. Another area under consideration is the use of trawl nets that will separate most of the finfish and "trash" from the SHRIMP HARVESTING TRENDS shrimp. The BCF Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base in Gloucester is scheduling trials this fall with two As people in this industry contemplate its future they types of trawls that, hopefully, will result in the introduction seem hopeful that it will continue at its currently yearly of commercially viable trawls that will perform this function. 275 Vessels Used in the Japanese Shrimp Fishery by Seitaro Kojima, Fishing Vessel Division, Fisheries Agency of Japan, Tokyo Mr. Kojirna (Paper presented by Mira Chigusa) Mr. Kojima was born in Japan in 1921. He graduated from Tokyo University in 1943, on completion of a course in naval architecture in the university's Technological Department. He was engaged in wooden fishing vessel design and construction at the Mitsui Wooden Vessel Construction Company, Limited, from 1945 to 1948, and was a lecturer on fishing vessels at the Tokyo Fisheries College from 1957 to 1960. He has lectured on the same subject at Tokyo University since 1967. Mr. Kojima has been a technical official of the Fisheries Agency of the Japanese Govemment since 1949, and chief of the Agency's Fishing Boat Section since 1961. He has been a member of the LM. CO. Meeting of Specialists on Stability of Fishing Vessels since 1963. He attended the First Research Vessel Forum of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, held in Tokyo in 1961; the FAO Fishing Vessel Stability Meeting in Gdansk, Poland, in 1963; and the FAO Third World Fishing Boat Congress in C,oteborg, Sweden, in 1965. Mr. Chigusa, who is at present living in Newfoundland, entered Rikkyo University in 1956, specializing in English American Literature. He graduated in April 1960, when he entered the employment of the Taito Seiko Company, Limited, in Tokyo. He was appointed to the foreign export division of the company, dealing with all kinds of fishing gear, fishing equipment, marine equipment, fishing boats and fishing plants. Mr. Chigusa was a member of a Market Research Mission which was concerned with fishing gear and equipment used on the West Coast of Africa during 1964. He was appointed to the Foreign Export Division for the east coast of Canada from 1967 until September 1970, when he joined the Canadian Branch of the Taito Seiko Company in St. John's, Newfoundland, as sales manager. ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ The Japanese shrimp fleet includes small craft for the La flotte de crevettiers japonais comprend de petits inshore fishery for high seas fishing near the home islands, bateaux pour la pêche côtière, des chalutiers pour la pêche and vessels operated in far distant waters in co-operation hauturière près des fles du Japon et enfin des bateaux de with foreign enterprises. Described here are a pair trawler, grande pêche exploités de concert avec des entreprises such as is used in the Yellow Sea and the Gulf of Pechili, étrangères. Dans certains cas, les Japonais utiliseront deux a small double-rigger, a small pair boat dragger, a bottom chalutiers pour traîner un seul engin ou encore un seul gill-netter, a basket trap boat, and a large double-rigger. chalutier pour traîner deux engins. L'auteur donne les 276 CONFERENCE ON THE CANADIAN SHRIMP FISHERY caractéristiques de ces bateaux ainsi que de ceux qui It is a stern trawler with a ramp, equipped with a servent pour la pêche de la crevette au filet maillant de controllable pitch propeller and tows at a speed of 2-1/2- fond et pour la pêche aux casiers. 3-1/2 knots on fishing grounds which are 40-100 meters in depth. Otterboards are not used and the opening of the net VESSELS USED IN THE JAPANESE SHRIMP FISHERY mouth is 20 meters, measured inboard with a Net-Sonde. The time spent for one drag is about 70-120 minutes, and To describe a fishing vessel, it is necessary to explain the net is shot 8-11 times during a 24 hour period, operating fishery in which she is engaged. The Japanese shrimp continuously. fishery is composed of an indigenous shore fishery with small craft and a high seas trawling fishery near the Japanese The fish hold is insulated with two tiers of foamed Islands, as well as vessels operated in far distant waters in styrofoam, each 50 mm thick, and waterproof veneer co-operation with foreign enterprises. board, 19 mm thick. Shrimp is stored in the fish hold with crushed ice and chilled by a supplementary refrigerator of Shrimp has been prized by the Japanese people as a 2-1/2 R.T., (5 horsepower compressor). The shrimp can be valuable sea food from ancient times, so much so that its kept fresh for seven days after being hauled on-board. domestic production cannot meet their demands and a vast amount of shrimp has been imported; for instance, 48,886 When an operating voyage runs over seven days, the metric tons of shrimp were imported in 1969. chilled shrimp is shifted to a carrier vessel on the fishing grounds. Ten fish carriers of about 100 gross tons each are Several typical shrimp vessels can be described as at hand for every seven sets of pair trawlers. follows: Some of these trawlers are equipped with air-blast 1. Pair-trawler in the Yellow Sea and the Gulf of Peehili freezing apparatus of 7-10 R.T. capacity, with which one Taisho-prawn (Penaeus orientes) and Uchiwa-prawn ton of shrimp is frozen per day, and the merits of these (lbacus cliiatus) are caught by pair-trawlers in the Yellow freezers are highly appreciated. Sea and the Gulf of Pechili (both lying between the Japanese Islands and the Chinese mainland) during the Trawl winches are usually driven hydraulically. winter season, from November to March, and the annual product in 1968 was 2792 metric tons. 2. Small Double-rigger These pair shrimp trawlers are of the larger type Among catches by small inshore trawlers operating off category among the licensed pair-trawlers of 15 gross tons the southwest coast of Japan, Kuruma-prawn (Peraus and over. Their number was about 150 in 1970. They are japonicus), Kuma-prawn (Penaeus semisukatus) and Tora- engaged in other fish trawling operations when the shrimp prawn (metapenaeopgis acclivis) are found in the months season is over. from September to May and their total catch in 1968 was 21,843 metric tons. These small trawlers are under five A typical one has the following specifications: gross tons each. There are 14,230 of them. It has 191.24 gross tons and the registered length (the One typical vessel has a registered length of 10.30 length on upper deck from foreside of stem to rudder stock meters, the breadth being 2.35 meters and the depth to centre) is 32.20 meters; breadth, 6.80 meters; and depth to deck 1.06 meters. The construction material is almost all upper deck, 3.35 meters.
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